MD1716Z - Process for feeding bees - Google Patents
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- MD1716Z MD1716Z MDS20220079A MDS20220079A MD1716Z MD 1716 Z MD1716 Z MD 1716Z MD S20220079 A MDS20220079 A MD S20220079A MD S20220079 A MDS20220079 A MD S20220079A MD 1716 Z MD1716 Z MD 1716Z
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- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 235000020374 simple syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 hexaaminocobalt(III) chloride Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 20
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 11
- 241000220479 Acacia Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000725303 Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000710960 Sindbis virus Species 0.000 description 2
- JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical compound [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000011001 Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001115400 Zaire ebolavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ONUCRIQBKJKMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanide;cobalt(3+) Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[NH2-].[NH2-].[NH2-].[NH2-].[Co+3] ONUCRIQBKJKMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 1
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Invenţia se referă la apicultură, şi anume la un procedeu de hrănire a albinelor. The invention relates to beekeeping, namely to a method of feeding bees.
Albinele melifere se alimentează cu nectar, miere, polen, păstură şi apă. În cazurile când cantitatea rezervei de hrană este insuficientă, albinele trebuie alimentate suplimentar, în perioada pregătirii către repausul de iarnă şi primăvara pentru stimularea creşterii familiilor, în lipsa culesului de întreţinere (Eremia N. Apicultura. Chişinău, 2020, p. 102). Honey bees feed on nectar, honey, pollen, grass and water. In cases when the amount of food reserve is insufficient, the bees must be fed additionally, during the preparation for the winter rest and in the spring to stimulate the growth of families, in the absence of maintenance picking (Eremia N. Apicultura. Chişinău, 2020, p. 102).
Pentru procesele vitale familia de albine are nevoie de o cantitate considerabilă de hrană - miere şi păstură. O familie puternică pe parcursul anului consumă 90 kg de miere: în perioada repausului de iarnă - cca 10 kg, iar în perioada vitală activă, primăvara, vara şi toamna - cca 80 kg (pentru întreţinerea vieţii indivizilor adulţi, hrănirea larvelor, secreţia cerii, consumul energetic în timpul zborului, prelucrarea nectarului în miere) (Буренин Н.Л., Котова Г.Н. Справочник по пчеловодству. Москва, Колос, 1977, p. 27-29). For vital processes, the bee family needs a considerable amount of food - honey and pasture. A strong family consumes 90 kg of honey during the year: during the winter rest period - approx. 10 kg, and during the active vital period, spring, summer and autumn - approx. 80 kg (for the maintenance of the life of the adults, feeding the larvae, wax secretion, energy consumption during flight, nectar processing into honey) (Буренин Н.Л., Котова Г.Н. Справочник по пчеловодству. Москва, Колос, 1977, p. 27-29).
În cazurile când în familie cantitatea rezervei de hrană este limitată, albinele trebuie hrănite suplimentar. In cases where the amount of food reserves in the family is limited, the bees must be fed additionally.
Este cunoscută metoda de hrănire a albinelor, în calitate de înlocuitori ai mierii folosindu-se zahăr. Pentru stimularea creşterii puietului în perioada de primăvară se foloseşte sirop de zahăr de 50% (1 kg de zahăr la un litru de apă) [1]. Dezavantajul acestei metode constă în uzarea albinelor şi reducerea longevităţii lor. The method of feeding bees, as a substitute for honey using sugar, is known. 50% sugar syrup (1 kg of sugar per liter of water) is used to stimulate the growth of the young in the spring period [1]. The disadvantage of this method consists in wearing out the bees and reducing their longevity.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în lărgirea sortimentului de substanţe biologic active, ecologic inofensive, cu efect stimulator la hrănirea albinelor, care vor contribui la creşterea puterii, numărului puietului căpăcit, prolificităţii mătcilor şi a productivităţii familiilor de albine. The problem that the invention solves consists in widening the range of biologically active substances, ecologically harmless, with a stimulatory effect on bee feeding, which will contribute to increasing the strength, the number of hatched brood, the prolificacy of queens and the productivity of bee families.
Problema se soluţionează prin procedeul de hrănire a albinelor care include hrănirea acestora cu un amestec de sirop de zahăr de 50% şi 1,25-3,5 mL/L de soluţie apoasă de 2% de clorură de hexaamincobalt(III), în cantitate de 1,0 L de amestec la o familie de albine, peste fiecare 7 zile, din aprilie până la culesul principal. The problem is solved by the method of feeding the bees, which includes feeding them with a mixture of 50% sugar syrup and 1.25-3.5 mL/L of a 2% aqueous solution of hexaaminocobalt(III) chloride, in an amount of 1.0 L of mixture to a family of bees, over every 7 days, from April until the main harvest.
Procedeul de hrănire a albinelor propus contribuie la creşterea puterii, prolificităţii mătcilor, dezvoltarea timpurie a familiilor de albine şi sporeşte productivitatea lor. The proposed bee feeding procedure contributes to increasing the power, prolificacy of queens, the early development of bee families and increases their productivity.
În componenţa hranei intră un biostimulator ce reprezintă o soluţie apoasă a clorurii de hexaamincobalt(III). Clorura hexaaminei de cobalt(III) este compusul complex disponibil commercial, procurat de la Aldrich. Clorura hexaaminei de cobalt(III) este medicament cunoscut sub numele de Cohex, un antiviral, care acţionează asupra virusului Sindbis (SINV) (J.B. Delehanty, J.E. Bongard, D.C. Thach, D.A. Knight, T.E. Hickey, E.L. Chang. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2008, 16, p. 830-837), şi a adenovirusului, virusului imunodeficienţei umane (HIV) şi tulpinii Zaire Ebola (ZEBOV) (E.L. Chang, G.G. Olinger, LE. Hensley, C.M. Lear, C.E. Scully, M.K. Mankowski, R.G. Ptak, D.C. Thach, D.A. Knight. J Antivir Antiretrovir: 2011, vol. 3, 020-027). Sunt date despre activitatea hexaamincobaltului(III) în calitate de inhibitor al dezvoltării cancerului la viţa de vie (MD 4725 B1 2020.11.30). The composition of the feed includes a biostimulator, which is an aqueous solution of hexaaminocobalt(III) chloride. Cobalt(III) hexaamine chloride is the complex compound commercially available, purchased from Aldrich. Cobalt(III) hexaamine chloride is the drug known as Cohex, an antiviral, that acts on Sindbis virus (SINV) (J.B. Delehanty, J.E. Bongard, D.C. Thach, D.A. Knight, T.E. Hickey, E.L. Chang. Bioorg. Med. Chem . 2008, 16, p. 830-837), and of adenovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Zaire Ebola strain (ZEBOV) (E.L. Chang, G.G. Olinger, LE. Hensley, C.M. Lear, C.E. Scully, M.K. Mankowski, R.G. Ptak, D.C. Knight. J Antivir: 2011, vol 3, 020-027. There are data on the activity of hexaaminocobalt(III) as an inhibitor of the development of cancer in grapevines (MD 4725 B1 2020.11.30).
Rezultatul invenţiei constă în sporirea puterii familiilor de albine, pontei mătcilor, numărului de puiet căpăcit şi a producţiei de miere. The result of the invention consists in increasing the strength of the bee families, the brood of the queens, the number of hatched brood and the production of honey.
Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of realization of the invention
Soluţia de biostimulator (numit Cloramicob) este formată din 4 g de clorură de hexaamincobalt(III) în 196 mL de apă distilată. The biostimulator solution (called Cloramicob) consists of 4 g of hexaaminocobalt(III) chloride in 196 mL of distilled water.
Procedeul de hrănire a albinelor se realizează prin hrănirea acestora primăvara în lipsa culesului melifer de întreţinere cu un amestec de sirop de zahăr de 50% şi 1,25-3,5 mL/L de biostimulator, în cantitate de 1,0 L de amestec la o familie de albine, peste fiecare 7 zile, începând cu luna aprilie până la culesul principal. The procedure of feeding the bees is carried out by feeding them in the spring in the absence of the maintenance honey collection with a mixture of 50% sugar syrup and 1.25-3.5 mL/L of biostimulator, in an amount of 1.0 L of the mixture to a family of bees, every 7 days, starting in April until the main harvest.
Pentru determinarea condiţiilor optimale de realizare a procedeului propus a fost studiată influenţa biostimulatorului asupra creşterii, dezvoltării timpurii şi productivităţii familiilor de albine la stupina din s. Cojuşna r-nul Străşeni. In order to determine the optimal conditions for carrying out the proposed procedure, the influence of the biostimulator on the growth, early development and productivity of the bee families at the apiary in the village of Cojušna, Străşeni district, was studied.
Pentru efectuarea experienţei au fost formate patru loturi de familii de albine, câte trei în fiecare, după principiile metodelor de analogi după numărul de faguri, putere, numărul puietului căpăcit şi cantitatea de miere în stup. În perioada de primăvară în lipsa culesului melifer de întreţinere familiilor de albine li s-a administrat câte un litru de amestec de sirop de zahăr în concentraţie de 1:1 cu biostimulator lotul I - cu 1,25 mL/L, lotul II - cu 2,5 mL/L, lotul III - cu 3,5 mL/L, lotul IV (martor) - sirop de zahăr pur. To carry out the experiment, four groups of bee families were formed, three in each, according to the principles of analogue methods according to the number of combs, strength, the number of hatched brood and the amount of honey in the hive. In the spring period, in the absence of honey collection for maintenance, bee colonies were administered one liter of sugar syrup mixture in a concentration of 1:1 with biostimulator, batch I - with 1.25 mL/L, batch II - with 2, 5 mL/L, batch III - with 3.5 mL/L, batch IV (control) - pure sugar syrup.
Hrănirea albinelor s-a efectuat la 09.04.2022, 16.04.2022, 23.04.2022, 30.04.2022, 07.05.2022 şi 14.05.2022, câte două pungi de 0,5 L la o hrănire la fiecare familie. The bees were fed on 04/09/2022, 04/16/2022, 04/23/2022, 04/30/2022, 05/07/2022 and 05/14/2022, two 0.5 L bags per feeding for each family.
Hrănirea în perioada de primăvară în lipsa culesului melifer în luna aprilie a dus la creşterea şi dezvoltarea familiilor de albine. La efectuarea controlului familiilor de albine pe data de 09 aprilie 2022 s-a depistat că în cuib se numărau în medie 7,0-7,7 faguri, aveau puterea de 5,67-6,0 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, numărul puietului căpăcit - 57,3-60,3 sute de celule şi rezerva de miere - 2,3-2,7 kg (tabelul 1). Feeding in the spring period in the absence of honey collection in April led to the growth and development of bee families. During the control of the bee families on April 9, 2022, it was found that there were on average 7.0-7.7 honeycombs in the nest, they had the power of 5.67-6.0 spaces between the honeycombs populated with bees, the number of hatchlings - 57.3-60.3 hundred cells and honey reserve - 2.3-2.7 kg (table 1).
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Indicii morfoproductivi ai familiilor de albine înainte de hrănire, Morphoproductive indices of bee families before feeding,
09.04.2021, stupina din s. Cojuşna, r-nul Străşeni 04/09/2021, the apiary from the village of Cojušna, Străşeni district
L. Remediul administrat la un litru de sirop de zahăr Indicii Numărul fagurilor, buc. Puterea, spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine Numărul puietului căpăcit, sute celule Rezerva de miere în cuib, kg ± I. Cloramicob, 1,25 mL/L 7,0±0,577 5,67±0,333 57,3±8,988 2,3±0,333 V,% 14,28 10,19 27,15 24,74 ± II. Cloramicob, 2,5 mL/L 7,7±0,333 6,0±0,003 60,3±5,044 2,7±0,333 V,% 7,53 - 14,48 21,65 ± III. Cloramicob, 3,5 mL/L 7,7±0,333 6,0±0,00 59,3±9,387 2,3±0,333 V,% 7,53 - 27,40 24,74 ± IV. Sirop de zahăr pur, martor 7,0±0,00 6,0±0,00 59,3±5,207 2,3±0,333 V,% - - 15,20 24,74 L. The remedy administered per liter of sugar syrup Indications Number of honeycombs, pcs. Strength, spaces between honeycombs populated with bees Number of hatched brood, hundreds of cells Honey reserve in the nest, kg ± I. Chloramicob, 1.25 mL/L 7.0±0.577 5.67±0.333 57.3±8.988 2.3 ±0.333 V,% 14.28 10.19 27.15 24.74 ± II. Chloramicob, 2.5 mL/L 7.7±0.333 6.0±0.003 60.3±5.044 2.7±0.333 V,% 7.53 - 14.48 21.65 ± III. Chloramicob, 3.5 mL/L 7.7±0.333 6.0±0.00 59.3±9.387 2.3±0.333 V,% 7.53 - 27.40 24.74 ± IV. Pure sugar syrup, control 7.0±0.00 6.0±0.00 59.3±5.207 2.3±0.333 V,% - - 15.20 24.74
La efectuarea controlului familiilor de albine înaintea înfloririi salcâmului alb pe data de 21 mai 2022 s-a constatat că în cuib se numărau în medie 11,0-14,0 faguri, aveau puterea de 10,3-13,7 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine (tabelul 2). When the bee families were checked before the flowering of the white acacia on May 21, 2022, it was found that there were on average 11.0-14.0 honeycombs in the nest, they had the power of 10.3-13.7 spaces between the honeycombs populated with bees (table 2).
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Indicii morfoproductivi ai familiilor de albine de la stupina din s. Cojuşna, r-nul Străşeni, înaintea înfloririi salcâmului alb, 21.05.2022 Morphoproductive indices of bee families from the apiary in the village of Cojušna, Străşeni district, before the white acacia bloom, 21.05.2022
L. Remediul administrat la un litru de sirop de zahăr Indicii Nr. fagurilor, buc. Puterea, spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine Numărul puietului căpăcit, sute celule Rezerva de miere, kg ± I. Cloramicob, 1,25 mL/L 11,0±0,577 10,3±0,333 81,7±10,269 15,0±0,577 V,% 9,09 5,59 21,78 6,67 ± II. Cloramicob, 2,5 mL/L 13,7±1,453 12,7±1,453 81,7±8,647 18,3±2,333 V,% 18,41 19,87 18,34 22,04 ± III. Cloramicob, 3,5 mL/L 14,0±1,00 13,0±1,00 83,7±6,333 16,7±2,404 V,% 12,37 13,32 13,11 24,98 ± IV. Sirop de zahăr pur, martor 12,0±0,577 11,0±0,577 79,0±6,506 16,0±1,155 V,% 8,33 9,09 14,26 12,50 L. The remedy administered to one liter of sugar syrup Indications No. honeycombs, pcs. Power, spaces between honeycombs populated with bees Number of hatched brood, hundreds of cells Honey reserve, kg ± I. Chloramicob, 1.25 mL/L 11.0±0.577 10.3±0.333 81.7±10.269 15.0±0.577 V,% 9.09 5.59 21.78 6.67 ± II. Chloramicob, 2.5 mL/L 13.7±1.453 12.7±1.453 81.7±8.647 18.3±2.333 V,% 18.41 19.87 18.34 22.04 ± III. Chloramicob, 3.5 mL/L 14.0±1.00 13.0±1.00 83.7±6.333 16.7±2.404 V,% 12.37 13.32 13.11 24.98 ± IV. Pure sugar syrup, control 12.0±0.577 11.0±0.577 79.0±6.506 16.0±1.155 V,% 8.33 9.09 14.26 12.50
Familiile de albine din loturile experimentale I, II şi III au crescut în medie câte 81,7-83,7 sute celule, sau cu 3,42-5,95% mai mult decât în lotul IV martor. Rezerva de miere în familiile de albine a variat în medie între 15,0-18,3 kg. The families of bees from the experimental groups I, II and III grew on average 81.7-83.7 hundred cells each, or 3.42-5.95% more than in the control group IV. The honey reserve in bee families varied on average between 15.0-18.3 kg.
La finele culesului melifer de la salcâmul alb pe data de 9 iunie 2022 s-a relevat că familiile de albine din loturile experimentale I, II şi III aveau în medie 17,0-20,7 faguri, puterea de 16,0-19,7 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, sau cu 6,67-31,33% mai mult decât în lotul martor (tabelul 3). At the end of the honey collection from the white acacia on June 9, 2022, it was revealed that the bee families from the experimental groups I, II and III had on average 17.0-20.7 combs, the strength of 16.0-19.7 spaces among the honeycombs populated with bees, or 6.67-31.33% more than in the control group (table 3).
Tabelul 3 Table 3
Indicii morfoproductivi ai familiilor de albine de la stupina din s. Cojuşna, r-nul Străşeni, Morphoproductive indices of bee families from the apiary in the village of Cojušna, Străşeni district,
la finele înfloririi salcâmului alb, 09.06.2022 at the end of the flowering of the white acacia, 06/09/2022
L. Remediul administrat la un litru de sirop de zahăr Indicii Nr. fagurilor, buc. Puterea, spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine Nr. puietului căpăcit, sute celule Rezerva de miere, kg ± I. Cloramicob, 1,25 mL/L 17,0±1,155 16,0±1,155 131,7±18,523 28,2±3,613 V,% 11,76 12,50 24,37 22,24 ± II. Cloramicob, 2,5 mL/L 19,7±1,202 18,7±1,202 114,3±15,516 33,2±5,019 V,% 10,58 11,15 23,49 26,21 ± III. Cloramicob, 3,5 mL/L 20,7±2,185 19,7±2,186 94,0±7,095 33,9±4,839 V,% 18,32 19,25 13,07 24,70 ± IV. Sirop de zahăr pur, martor 16,0±1,528 15,0±1,528 91,0±15,00 28,7±3,471 V,% 16,5 17,64 28,55 20,92 L. The remedy administered to one liter of sugar syrup Indications No. honeycombs, pcs. Power, spaces between honeycombs populated with bees No. of hatched brood, hundreds of cells Honey reserve, kg ± I. Chloramicob, 1.25 mL/L 17.0±1.155 16.0±1.155 131.7±18.523 28.2±3.613 V,% 11.76 12.50 24.37 22.24 ± II. Chloramicob, 2.5 mL/L 19.7±1.202 18.7±1.202 114.3±15.516 33.2±5.019 V,% 10.58 11.15 23.49 26.21 ± III. Chloramicob, 3.5 mL/L 20.7±2.185 19.7±2.186 94.0±7.095 33.9±4.839 V,% 18.32 19.25 13.07 24.70 ± IV. Pure sugar syrup, control 16.0±1.528 15.0±1.528 91.0±15.00 28.7±3.471 V,% 16.5 17.64 28.55 20.92
Cel mai mare număr de puiet căpăcit au crescut familiile de albine din lotul I - 131,7 sute celule, prolificitatea mătcilor fiind de 1098 ouă în 24 ore, iar la lotul martor - 758 ouă. Hrănirea stimulatoare de primăvară a sporit prolificitatea mătcilor şi creşterea puietului căpăcit cu 44,73% mai mult faţă de lotul martor. The bee families from batch I raised the highest number of hatched brood - 131.7 hundred cells, the queens' prolificacy being 1098 eggs in 24 hours, and in the control batch - 758 eggs. Stimulating spring feeding increased the prolificacy of the queens and the growth of the hatchlings by 44.73% more than the control group.
Familiile de albine din loturile experimentale II şi III au depozitat în medie, câte 33,2-33,9 kg miere, sau cu 15,68-18,12% mai mult faţă de lotul IV martor. The families of bees from the experimental groups II and III stored, on average, 33.2-33.9 kg of honey each, or 15.68-18.12% more than the control group IV.
Hrănirea albinelor în perioada de primăvara conform invenţiei sporeşte creşterea puterii familiilor de albine cu 6,67-31,33%, numărului puietului căpăcit cu 3,30-44,73% şi producţiei de miere cu 15,68-18,12% mai mult faţă de lotul martor. Feeding bees in the spring period according to the invention increases the strength of bee families by 6.67-31.33%, the number of hatched brood by 3.30-44.73% and honey production by 15.68-18.12% more much compared to the control group.
1. Кривцов Н.И., Лебедев В.И., Туников Г.М. Пчеловодство. Москва, Колос, 2000, p. 192-200 1. Krivtsov N.I., Lebedev V.I., Tunikov G.M. Beekeeping. Moscow, Kolos, 2000, p. 192-200
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