LV13708B - External wall building system using composite products made of fibrolite, sawdust concrete and calibtated wood - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to create an ecological, economical and sustainable product for a wide range of applications in the national economy. It is based on a combination of wood and wood processing products in a composite material. The proposed building construction system for making vertical fencing constructions consists of fibrolite plates (1), which are assembled on a hydroinsulated base (16), a fixed horizontal board deck (2) as shown in Fig.1 using several calibrated soft wood grids (3), (4) and (5 as shown in Fig.2, Fig.3, Fig.4, Fig.5, auxiliary material (10), zinc plated ribbed anchor nails (11), plug nails (12) and wood screws (13). Besides, between the fibrolite plates (1) and the mentioned wooden grids, a sawdust concrete, mixed according to specific prescription, is pressed in. All the elements of the wall together form the wood and wood processing composite material constructions as shown in Fig.6 and Fig.7. The system does not contain large size and penetrating metal products - like braces, uprights, profiled bars, or steel reinforcement bars, except the elements used for joining the constructions. The described soft wood grids and auxiliary materials are treated by dipping in natural drying oil. The constructions are installed as follows: HD products are fixed on the basement, VDR products are vertically fixed onto HD. Between VDR, the horizontal HDR products are fixed, then the first stage of permanent moulds and MR products are fixed. After the first stage moulds are filled with sawdust concrete, the next set of moulds is installed, MR products fixed and sawdust concrete filled in. The process is repeated according to the specification of the given construction design.

Description

EXTERIOR BUILDING SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS,

USING COMPOSITE ARTICLES MADE OF

FIBROLITE, SHELLED CONCRETE AND CALIBRATED TIMBER

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The proposed construction system is used to create external vertical barrier structures of buildings and structures, namely external walls or facade walls. The invention relates to the construction (construction) industry with a wide range of applications. In the proposed construction system it is possible to build family and apartment houses, multi-storey residential houses (up to 3 floors), public and industrial buildings, farm and agricultural buildings. The SEBS construction system (a set of materials and construction techniques used) creates a different product with its physico-mechanical and biological properties and is superior in many respects to the prototype. The product of the proposed technical solution is a composite of three essentially identical materials, which combine wood, fibrolite and concrete (wood chips are the main component of both fibrolite and concrete), manufactured, assembled and installed by a special set of techniques. The name of this construction system SEBS comes from the English - Sawdust Ecological Building System.

The state of the art to date is developed and approved by VELOX-WERK Ltd. Austrian company that has developed the VELOX building system and has been operating successfully since 1956. VELOX Latvija Ltd. is its representative. The address on the Internet is www.velox.lv. Similar to VELOX-WERK Ltd. construction systems operating SIA Jelgava construction systems. In this company, the construction system is referred to as the MBF system or fibrolite timber frame system. Internet address: www.buildingsystems.lv.

The construction system analogous to the construction system described in the present invention is a VELOX construction system selected as a prototype. In the VELOX construction system load-bearing wall structures are made of fibrolite slabs, which serve as permanent molds for monolithic concrete. Remaining molds are secured with painted metal wire clamps (single-sided, double-sided, cover clamps, interlocks) and metal reinforcing grids for reinforcement and vertical leveling of the forming walls. In the case of the VELOX system, the monolithic concrete consists of a mixture of concrete with a filler fraction up to 16 mm, expanded concrete or foam concrete reinforced with metal reinforcement according to the designer's case.

The disadvantages of the known building system VELOX are:

- presence of various metal products in the wall structure;

- metal products increase the cost of wall construction, over time they are exposed to corrosion under unfavorable conditions under the plaster of the facade and form, albeit insignificant, cold bridges in building structures (1 square meter of wall may contain up to 15 penetrating strainers);

- although the VELOX construction system has been described as "green", this claim does not, in the applicant's view, withstand criticism in several respects:

firstly, the construction system allows the use of organic polymeric materials, such as polystyrene foam, in certain fibrolite slabs, which are inherently unsuitable for ecological construction, and secondly, wall-mounted monolithic concrete (including expanded polystyrene) is a breathable material that prevents water vapor, as a result, insufficient moisture migration from the room to the outside; such wall construction is exposed to the risk of biological infection, it requires improvement of indoor air exchange processes, air ionization and ventilation, third, the wall structure monolithic concrete filling does not provide slow and continuous flow of water vapor and air exchange (slow and controlled diffusion) which today is one of the most important elements of a healthy home and provides the highest standards of comfort and understanding of eco-construction, eco-living space, fourthly, not all materials used in the VELOX construction system are regenerative, that is, recoverable and end-of-life whether reconstruction is a relatively complex, labor-intensive process (of the materials used, only fibrolite, when released into the environment, decomposes in a short time without causing significant pollution or damage to the environment, but other materials require energy-intensive dismantling, transportation, recycling).

The common features of the VELOX prototype and the invention are the construction of a wall structure made of fibrolite slabs that serve as permanent molds for monolithic concrete, but the SEBS construction system variant described in this invention addresses the known shortcomings of the prototype and achieves the following objectives:

- apply a combination of materials and building techniques to the SEBS building system, which allows the creation and use in practice of individual wood-based composite materials, which are regenerative and with their physico-mechanical, technological and operational properties, increase building efficiency, reduce energy and relatively expensive material consumption, well ventilated, heat-intensive and heat-inert, have low thermal conductivity j and sufficient compressive strength, biologically protected, fire-resistant, impact-resistant and must fall into the category of sustainable, economical and ecological products; yeah

- to construct a wall structure without the presence of metal products and organic polymeric materials. oh!

i

The essence of the proposed SEBS construction system variant is as follows:

- Specially made j calibrated timber boards (with system names VDR, HDR and MR) and board product HD are used for mounting and fixing the remaining fibrolite molds. j

- the remaining fibrolite molds are filled with reinforced concrete, but all wall elements together form wood and wood processing composite material;

- the wall construction shall not contain bulky metal products (either clamps, struts or profiles, steel fittings individually or in any product other than anchors, dowels and screws for fastening molds and wood structures, and shall not contain organic polymer material such as expanded polystyrene;

- the wall construction chosen ensures slow and controlled diffusion of water vapor and gas, as it does not contain materials that restrict the entry and exit of water vapor, and does not form in the wall structure. dew point;

- Specially made calibrated lattice lattice lattices and board structures are treated with natural impregnation method.

The graphical part of the proposed construction system of SEBS has the following drawings:

-Fig.l- Base-mounted horizontal plank product 2 called HD; !

- Fig.2 Vertical lattice wall construction 3 of the wall structure with the name of fig

VDR mounted on HD 2; j

3. Wall structure corner (wall breakage) vertical board lattice pair 3 consisting of two VDR products connected together and mounted on HD 2;

- FIG. A lattice 4 of wall construction horizontal boards with the name s

HDR interconnecting three VDR products;

- FIG. The floating lattice wall structure or small lattice lattice of wall construction is called MR;

6. Principal section of the SEBS wall construction facade;

- FIG. SEBS vertical wall construction.

The building wall construction of the proposed SEBS building system is shown in Fig.6 and Fig.7, where the outer wall of the building construction consists of: fibrolite slabs 1 (article HWL 50, standard size 260 x 60 x 5 cm), mounted on 15 waterproofed substrates 16 embedded HD products 2; calibrated conifer board lattice VDR product; HDR product interconnecting three VDR products with fibrolite liner 14 and calibrated coniferous small lattice lattice product 5 (named MR), as well as auxiliary material 10, galvanized corrugated anchors 11, dowel nails 12 and wood screws 13. In the wall construction, the concrete 6 is sandwiched between fibrolite slabs and board lattices. Fibrolite slabs 1 serve as permanent molds for monolithic reinforced concrete 6. Fibrolite slabs are mounted on any wall as external with galvanized corrugated anchors 11. Their layout in the wall shall be such that the vertical seams do not overlap, but the pattern of the seams shall be the same in all the layers of the wall, both inside and outside the wall. In the example described, the total wall thickness C of the building is 40 cm, which is intended for the construction of single-storey and two-storey buildings for family and apartment buildings.

In order to install and secure the fibrolite boards 1, calibrated coniferous board lattices HD 2, VDR products 3, HDR products 4, MR products 5, which are shown in Figs. 1-5. Wood with a moisture content of 12-15% is suitable for grating, it is allowed to use the material up to 20% moisture, but not more. The drying time of the concrete in the structure until it reaches equilibrium humidity is approximately equal to the end of the first heating period under normal building operating conditions. In the construction process, it is important to ensure that wooden structures are adequately protected from the effects of moisture, especially during the initial period after the concrete is embedded in the formwork until the concrete reaches t.s. equilibrium humidity (7-8% for concrete, 12% for timber initially).

After preparation of the lattice articles HD 2, VDR products 3, HDR products 4, MR products 5, in order to protect the wood from moisture, prevent wood deformation, decay, shrinkage and fungal attack, it is treated by soaking in specially adapted soaking baths. For the treatment of wood use natural primer derived from linseed oil, cooked with siccatives. Natural overcooking should contain about 95% vegetable oil. During soaking, make sure that the perforation is sufficiently ductile and absorbs abundantly into the wood. If the viscosity (ductility) is not sufficient, the soaking baths must be heated until they become sufficiently ductile. If heating is not technically possible, dilution of the ointment with solvents containing up to 10% by volume of alcohol is permissible. Combining these methods is prohibited for fire safety reasons. After treatment, the wood is dried for 24-30 hours, preferably at 18-25 ° C. At relatively low air temperatures and high humidity, the drying time of treated wood is several times longer, but the assembly process can also be started on materials that have not completely dried. On the other hand, the installation of concrete should only be started after the complete drying of the timber structures. Proper and proper preparation and treatment of the timber used in the construction is essential for the quality and durability of the entire system construction.

Two rows of calibrated and overworked boards HD 2 (see Fig. 1) with a cross-section of 5x10 cm are attached to the prepared monolithic reinforced concrete foundation covered with waterproofing 15 and reinforced concrete floor bearing structure by means of dowel nails 12 (see Fig. 1), that the overall width A of the outer edges of the boards is 30 cm. The material HD 2 is selected, bent, cut and strengthened with great care and gauges as they will serve as guides for the upcoming walls during the building walls. Depending on the configuration and complexity of the building wall, the step for fixing HD products is 50-80 cm. Not less than two anchorages per unit shall be permitted provided that their length is less than the lower limit of the anchorage step. Attachment is by means of dowel nails 12 (6 x 100 mm), making holes in the HD product and on the surface of the foundation on both sides of the foundation axis in the longitudinal direction.

The remaining formwork 1 is installed and assembled by means of a vertical plank grid 3, hereinafter referred to as the VDR product, which is located inside the wall in an upright position and, after concreting, creates an additional structural vertical resistance to compression and bending (see Fig. 2). The VDR product is made of softwood calibrated boards with 2.5 x 10 cm cross section. After cutting the boards to the required dimensions with the help of corrugated galvanized anchors 11 (article: liver - 2.5 x 60 mm) a VDR product is made. The structures are then treated with parchment and dried. The length of the VDR product with the upper eyelets determines the height of the building floor, the width A in this example is 30 cm. GDR products, when constructing a two-storey and multi-storey building, are fastened to each other with auxiliary materials 10 (see Fig.7), from the inside of the grid using wood screws 13. As auxiliary materials, calibrated and parquet boards (2.5 x 10 cm) are used. cross-section) with the calculation that when joining the lower and upper GDR articles 3, their joints are covered 40-50 cm wide.

To continue the assembly, first attach the VDR product 3 to the HD product 2 by means of wood screws 13 (3.5 x 75 mm). The VDR product is fixed in the wall structure of the building at a distance of 130 cm with the calculation that one permanent mold 1 is attached to the three VDR products. GDR products tend to have a smaller pitch in wall construction, depending on the specification of the particular technical design and the location of the building elements within it. VDR products in wall construction must be installed at breakage points, at the edges of wall openings, at the edges of windows and doors, until the pitch of VDR products tends to be less than 130 cm, but not larger. In addition, the GDR product is installed in all corners of the building wall (GDR corner products are constructed by calculation so that they can be fastened together as one element using wood screws 13 and auxiliary material 10 (see Fig.3).

In order to ensure the vertical workability and correct geometry of the GDR products as well as the vertical compression resistance of the finished wall and to evenly transfer the pressure load of the roof and / or roof structure, they shall be bonded to each other by a horizontal slab 4 see Fig.4).

HDR product 4 is mandatory at the end of each floor of the building along the perimeter of the walls of the building. The HDR product 4 is supported between floor beams 7 or attic beams 7 and rafters 9. Attic floor beams 7 and rafters 9 are interconnected by means of a mounting plate 8. On the last floor, the HDR product ensures the durability of the roof structure and its connection to the wall. The HDR article 4 is made analogously from analogue wood as VDR articles 3, using fibrolite sheet cuttings (about 10x15 cm) of the required thickness as spacers 14, with corrugated and galvanized anchors 11. The width of the HDR construction in the example B is 25 cm. The length of the HDR product on a straight wall is not strictly defined, but it is desirable that it fixes and covers the three VDR products. Depending on how the vertical layout of VDR products changes in the wall structure, the length of the HDR product also changes. HDR Product 4 is applied over all openings in walls, windows and doors that are wider than 40 cm. Cavities smaller than 40 cm may not be reinforced with the HDR product. The HDR product 4 is supported on the VDR product 3 and screwed into it by means of wood screws (see Fig.6). HDR products covering openings up to 100 cm may not be supported on the VDR product, but may be floated in the pressed concrete mass 6.

Once the VDR 3 and HDR 4 products have been installed, the structures are fixed vertically and horizontally (if necessary with cross-links in the corners of the building, with the help of consumables), the permanent molds 1 are started to be installed starting from one corner of the building. Galvanized corrugated enclaves 11 (4 x 80 mm for VDR product reinforcement; 4 x 100 mm for HD reinforcement) are used for molds. The molds 1 are attached to the HD 2 and VDR 3 in 20 cm increments. Two symmetrical molds on each side of the wall are attached in one layer to one VDR structure. In the work process, with the help of gauges, the verticality and geometry of the structure are followed.

After cutting and installing the first layer of permanent molds 1 and attaching them to the HD 2 and VDR 3 products, the horizontal floating wooden board grid or small grid 5 (hereinafter referred to as MR products, see Fig.5) is installed. Their function is to connect and lock the horizontal joints of the remaining molds 1 between the vertical VDR 3 products mounted on the wall. MR 5 is manufactured in a similar way to VDR 3. The MR 5 products are installed by screwing in the wood screws 13 to the top edge of the first layer of molds symmetrically in the middle between all adjacent VDR products, so that the same MR 5 products can be screwed to the bottom edge of the next layer molds. The MR length of products must be equal to 2/3 of the distance between adjacent GDR products. The MR length of the products varies depending on the VDR step of the products in the wall construction.

Concrete for filling 6 molds is prepared according to the following formula: 7 parts sawdust (preferably 80% coniferous, 20% hardwood), 2 parts slaked dolomite lime, 1 part cement (M 400), 2 parts coarse sieved gravel, 1 to 1.5 parts water depending on sawdust and gravel moisture. These components are mixed in a large-scale concrete mixer (water-cement-lime-gravel-sawdust sequence) until a homogeneous substance is obtained. It is important to note that the moisture content of ready-mixed concrete should be such that water is not dripping when pressed into the fist. The sawdust, on the other hand, should be evenly coated with a gravel-cement-lime suspension.

Concrete forms shall be filled in layers not thicker than 30-40 cm. After filling, the concrete mass is immediately pressed with a low power horizontal vibrator or with a hand stamp. After completion of the work, the gauges verify the verticality of the formwork before filling the next layer of concrete. When the first layer of formwork is filled and pressed with reinforced concrete, the next layer of formwork is installed, following the instructions above and waiting for the first layer of concrete to harden. When this happened, the process was repeated until the wall of the building was built one floor high. Mobile work racks, which are moved around the inner perimeter of the exterior wall using the reinforced concrete floor, are desirable.

The remaining molds are connected to the VDR 3 by means of corrugated anchors 11 (4 x 80 mm) at the vertical wall seams. The lower, horizontal edge of the second layer permanent mold 1 is attached to the MR 5 product of the first layer. on the horizontal edge the MR 5 is reinstalled, similar to the first layer. When installing the remaining formwork 1, the formwork is screwed together with galvanized wood screws 13 (4 x 100 mm, full threaded bolts) in increments of 10 cm in corners of the building, corners of windows, doorways, ceilings and elsewhere where they join at 90 °.

Prior to filling the remaining formwork at the end of the floor with concrete with a height of HDR 4, the HDR is temporarily dismantled for convenience so that the concrete mass can be easily filled and pressed. After this work, the HDR is reassembled at its former location. After solidification of the embedded and compacted concrete mass, a monolithic composite product is formed within the SEBS system.

The invention is economically usable and its application is based on the applicant's known advantages of the SEBS system over the VELOX system:

(a) The structural bearing structures of the SEBS system shall consist essentially of timber products, fibrolite and wood waste, sawdust and shavings, which together form and form a composite material. Such building materials are categorized as ecological materials because they are environmentally and human friendly and decompose in the short term when released into the environment; is economical in production, because sawdust is produced as processing waste, it is advantageous in transportation, because wood processing in Latvia is widespread and developed.

b) SEBS system building wall structures are made without the presence of various metal products (fittings, metal clamps) and other organic polymer materials (polystyrene foam) and products. Metal products increase the cost of wall construction, are exposed to the risk of corrosion and form, albeit insignificant, cold bridges in building structures. The physico-mechanical properties of the wall composite material of the SEBS system create a truly unique environment (warm in winter, cool in summer), which by its nature is comparable to solid wood buildings, but the main difference is that the material is not open burning. SEBS system buildings are heat-intensive and allow significant savings in heating and cooling energy during operation. Such a construction system is rationally compatible with systems for obtaining and using renewable energy for space heating.

(c) the wall material of the SEBS system is highly breathable, providing a slow but continuous flow of water vapor and air (slow and controlled diffusion) in the wall construction, since it does not contain materials that partially obstruct the entry and exit of water vapor; to prevent condensation in the structure and to provide a natural, human-friendly environment (from the point of view of comfort of use, this is the most important advantage over known building systems).

(d) The load-bearing structures of buildings and structures constructed in the SEBS system are lighter in weight than known systems. The building and structure walls of the SEBS system have a high strength-to-weight ratio. Thanks to the construction, the construction process is economical and ecological in relation to the use of wood raw material, but produces a different, high quality product.

(e) The cost per unit construction of load-bearing structures of buildings and structures constructed in the SEBS system is lower than that of the VELOX system, mainly due to the main component of the wall - waste wood, ie sawdust and planers and the absence of metal products.

According to theoretical calculations, which have yet to be tested in practice, the SEBS building system's partitioning wall, after its construction and structural equilibrium moisture content, has the following characteristics:

bulk density, kg / m ^J = 450-500; compressive strength, MPa - 2.5-3; thermal conductivity, W / (m K) - 0.2-0.23; specific heat capacity, J (kg K) - about 1550 equilibrium humidity, 7-8% by weight; frost resistance cycles -100.

References and sources of information.

1. Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia No.495 - Regulations on Latvian Construction Standard LBN 002-01 Thermal Engineering of Building Constructions;

2. Basic Principles of Sustainable Construction and Management of the Green House, 1st Edition, www.zalasmaias.lv;

3. Doctor of Engineering Juris Biršs, consultations www.padomi.lv, publication External walls and insulation of apartment buildings;

4. wwvcvelox.lv, vnvw.buildingsystems.lv;

5. www.dnrisol.lv;

6. Certified Civil Engineer Albert Craw, published 18.10.07, www.saimnieks.lv, How to Choose Timber;

7. www.aeroc.lv, building physics, moisture in structures;

8. Dip. Arh. Ronalds Liepiņš, Ecological Construction - What Is It? Basic Principles, www.paroc.com;

9. Use of environmentally friendly building and finishing materials in construction, www.macies.celotajs.lv;

10. Public Health Agency study Indoor air quality, problems, solutions.

Claims (6)

Claims of the Invention 1. The construction of the outer wall of the building of the SEBS building system, consisting of: Fibrolite boards assembled on a waterproofed foundation board fixed in horizontal HD; calibrated softwood board VDR mounted on the product HD; a board lattice HDR that interconnects three board lattice VDRs; MR of calibrated conifer small boards lattice; concrete recycled concrete embedded in a die-casting process between fibrolite slabs and board lattice, whereby the HDR product interconnects three VDR products with fibrolite liner and calibrated coniferous small lattice lattice MR, as well as auxiliary material, zinc plated enkag and by means of wood screws, in which the concrete is embedded in the wall structure between the fibrolite slabs and the said lattice panels, the fibrolite slabs serve as permanent molds for monolithic reinforced concrete and are fastened by galvanized and corrugated anchors on the outside of the wall. Specially made calibrated timber board grid VDR, HDR, MR, shown in Fig.2, Fig.3, Fig.4 and Fig.5, and calibrated timber horizontal design Jumi HD shown in Fig The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the residual molds are filled with reinforced concrete and in that all the wall elements together form the composite material of wood and wood-based products shown in Figures 6 and 7. 3. A structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it does not contain relatively bulky and permeable metal products (neither tighteners, struts or profiles, nor steel reinforcements, individually or in any product other than enclaves, dowel nails and wood screws) and does not contain organic polymeric material such as expanded polystyrene. A structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall construction does not contain materials that partially encapsulate or prevent the entry and exit of water vapor while preventing, e.g. dew point formation, resulting in slow and controlled diffusion of water vapor and gas. The structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the calibrated timber board lattice, the calibrated timber horizontal board products and the auxiliary materials are treated with a natural impregnation method. Method of assembling a structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly of the structure is carried out in the following order: HD-products are mounted on the foundations; attaches VDR products vertically to the HD product; reinforce horizontal HDR products between GDR products; then strengthens first-order permanent molds and MR products; after pouring the concrete into the first-order formwork, repeat the assembly of the residual formwork, reinforcement of the MR products and concreting as many times as required by the specific design specification.