LV13482B - Biological fertilizer - Google Patents
Biological fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- LV13482B LV13482B LVP-06-76A LV060076A LV13482B LV 13482 B LV13482 B LV 13482B LV 060076 A LV060076 A LV 060076A LV 13482 B LV13482 B LV 13482B
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- carrier
- soil
- whey
- biologically active
- fertilizer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER CONTAINING WHEYBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER CONTAINING WHEY
The present invention relates to methods for preparation of a biological fertilizer and a biological fertilizer obtainable by said method. The present invention further relates to a composition for fertilizing soil comprising said biological fertilizer, and the use of said biological fertilizer or said composition for fertilizing a substrate for plant growth. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for fertilizing soil.The present invention compares to methods for preparing a biological fertilizer and a biological fertilizer obtainable by said method. The present invention further relates to a composition for fertilizing soil comprising a biological fertilizer, and to using a composition for fertilizing a substrate for plant growth. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for fertilizing soil.
A sustainable form of agriculture, i.e., one which does not simply exploit the inherited fertility of agricultural soils, is based on the premise that plant nutrients which are removed with the harvested crops will be replaced.A sustainable form of agriculture, i.e., one that does not simply exploit the inherited fertility of agricultural soils, is based on the premise that plant nutrients that are removed with the harvested crops will be replaced.
It is the regular supply of sufficient quantities of plant nutrients which has, over the past 100 years, maintained and even improved the fertility of farmers fields in Europe. Combined with advances in plant and animal breeding, plant protection, farm mechanization and land management, plant nutrition has been responsible for an increase in European farm output in recent years, in spite of a reduction in the totai agricultural area.It is a regular supply of sufficient quantities of plant nutrients which has, over the past 100 years, maintained and even improved the fertility of farmers fields in Europe. Combined with advances in plant and animal breeding, plant protection, farm mechanization and land management, plant nutrition has been responsible for an increase in European farm output in recent years, a spite of reduction in the totai agricultural area.
Plant nutrients are available from four different sources: 1) soil itself, 2) livestock, municipal and industrial wastes, 3) biological nitrogen fixation, and 4) mineral fertilizers, also designated as artificial fertilizers.Plant nutrients are available from four different sources: 1) soil itself, 2) livestock, municipal and industrial wastes, 3) biological nitrogen fixation, and 4) mineral fertilizers, also designated as artificial fertilizers.
Mineral fertilizers allow farmers to supplement plant nutrients, like trace elements, minerāls, nitrogen, carbon, etc. and thus match the supply of nutrients with the needs of the crops. They are, in fact, the only nutrients which can be tailored to meet the crops' exact recptirements.Mineral fertilizers allow farmers to supplement plant nutrients, like trace elements, mineral, nitrogen, carbon, etc. and thus match the supply of nutrients with the needs of the crops. They are, in fact, the only nutrients that can be tailored to meet the crops' exact recptirements.
Providing guaranteed contents and the possibility of application as and when required. Mineral fertilizers are cost-effective means of achieving sustainable crop produetion and improvements in the quality of food and fodder. There is, at present, no alternative to mineral fertilizers on a regional or global scale if food supply is to be ensured.Providing guaranteed contents and application as and when required. Mineral fertilizers are cost-effective means of achieving sustainable crop production and improvements in the quality of food and fodder. There is, at present, no alternative to mineral fertilizers on a regional or global scale if food supply is required.
A major drawback of mineral fertilizers is the ineffective use of the fertilizer due to the release pattern of the plant nutrients from the mineral fertilizer into the soil. Upon application to soil, the nutrients present in the mineral fertilizers are usually burst released, i.e., ali nutrients are released into the soil in a relatively short period of time. Since during plant growth, which requires usually several months, the concentration of nutrients transiently decreases, due to, for example, wash out or degradation, a relatively large amount of nutrients has to be used to ensure sufficient plant nutrient concentrations during the entire growth period. Thus a relatively large portion of mineral fertilizer supplemented is needed to compensate for losses occurring during the growth period and not for the intended nutrient supplementation of the growing plants.The major drawback of mineral fertilizers is the ineffective use of the fertilizer due to the release pattern of the plant nutrients from the mineral fertilizer into the soil. Upon application to soil, the nutrients present in the mineral fertilizers are usually burst released, i.e., the nutrients are released into the soil in a relatively short period of time. Since during plant growth, which usually requires several months, the concentration of nutrients is transiently decreasing, due to, for example, wash out or degradation, . Thus, a relatively large portion of the mineral fertilizer supplement is needed to compensate for the losses occurring during the growth period and not for the intended nutrient supplementation of the growing plants.
In addition, a relatively large portion of plant nutrients is not used by the growing plants. As a consequence,, eventually the not-used plant nutrients are introduced into the environment, by, for example, wash out. Wash out is the washing out or away of nutrients in soil by for example rain, freshet, etc.. This wash out of plant nutrients can cause causing severe environmental problems like oxygen depletion in water by algae growth, destruetion of epitopes by unnatural nutrient supply, disruption of the natūrai balance between species like an abnormal nettle growth, and a general decrease in the number of species, both plant an animal, present in an epitope.In addition, a relatively large portion of plant nutrients are not used by growing plants. As a consequence, eventually the not-used plant nutrients are introduced into the environment, by, for example, wash out. This wash out of plant nutrients can cause severe environmental problems like oxygen depletion in water by algae growth, destruetion of epitopes by unnatural nutrient supply , disruption of the species balance between species like an abnormal nettle growth, and a general decrease in the number of species, both plant an animal, present in an epitope.
Therefore, it is a goal of the present invention to provide a cost-effective fertilizer which more effectively supplements nutrients to growing plants and thus reduces the amount of fertilizer needed and which, in addition, reduces the amount of plant nutrients introduced into the environment in order to minimalize or even eliminate environmental problems associated with this introduction. Because of the latter, such fertilizers are designated biological friendly or biological fertilizers as opposed to the present mineral (artificial) fertilizers.Therefore, it is the goal of the present invention to provide a cost-effective fertilizer which is more effective in supplementing the nutrients to the growing plants and thus in reducing the amount of the plant nutrients introduced into the environment. order to minimize or even eliminate environmental problems associated with this introduction. Because of the latter, such fertilizers are designated biological friendly or biological fertilizers as opposed to present mineral (artificial) fertilizers.
According to the present invention, this goal is achieved by providing a method for the preparation of a biological fertilizer comprising a fermentation of whey and the addition of a carrier material to the fermented whey.According to the present invention, this goal is achieved by providing a method for the preparation of a biological fertilizer comprising the fermentation of a whey and the addition of a carrier material to the fermented whey.
Whey is the wate.ry part of milk that is separated from the coagulable part or curd, especially in the process of making cheese, and that is rich in lactose, minerāls, and vitamins, and contains lactalbumin and traces of fat. At present, whey is considered a waste product of the cheese making industry and is usually discarded, thus providing a cost-effective starting material for a fertilizer.Whey is the wate.ry part of the milk that is separated from the coagulable part or curd, especially in the process of making cheese, and that is rich in lactose, mineral, and vitamins, and contains lactalbumin and traces of fat. At present, whey is considered a waste product of the cheese making industry and is usually discarded, thus providing a cost-effective starting material for a fertilizer.
In addition, since whey is a natūrai product, i.e., a product that has undergone minimal processing and contains no preservatives or artificial additives, when the carrier material used is also a natūrai product, the fertilizer based on whey as starting material does riot introduce these possible toxic or harmful preservatives and/or additives into the environment in contrast to the chemically synthesized mineral (artificial) fertilizers.In addition, since whey is a kind of product, that is, a product that has undergone minimal processing and contains no preservatives or artificial additives when the carrier material is also a kind of fertilizer based on whey as starting material does riot introduce these possible toxic or harmful preservatives and / or additives into the environment in contrast to chemically synthesized mineral (artificial) fertilizers.
This allows for the use of the biological fertilizer according to the invention by biological farmers, i.e., farmers vvhich from a principal point of vievv do not use any non-natural products like mineral fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides. Until now, no other fertilizers vvere available to these farmers severely limiting crop yields.This allows for the use of biological fertilizers according to the invention by biological farmers, i.e., farmers vvhich from the principal point of view of using non-natural products such as mineral fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides. Until now, no other fertilizers are available to these farmers severely limiting crop yields.
According to the invention, the whey is fermented in a first fermentation step, for example during 2 days at room temperature under stirring, although any fermentation protocol can be used like fermentation at elevated temperatures, fermentation in an automated fermentation device, etc.According to the invention, the whey is fermented in a first fermentation step, for example within 2 days at room temperature under stirring, although any fermentation protocol can be used like fermentation at elevated temperatures, fermentation in an automated fermentation device, etc.
The carrier material according to the invention, being preferably obtained from a natūrai source and in addition preferably in -solid form, can be used to 1) provide a possible additional carbon source, 2) allovv for improved transport and handling characteristics of the biological fertilizer, and 3) prevent vvash out of the fermented whey after- application.The carrier material according to the invention, being preferably obtained from the source and in addition to the in-solid form, can be used to provide 1) additional carbon source, 2) allovv for improved transport and handling characteristics of the biological fertilizer , and 3) prevent vvash out of the fermented whey after-application.
The fermented whey in combination vvith the carrier material provides a fertilizer vvhich supplies nutrients to soil in a sustained or continued release pattern, i.e., a relatively constant release of nutrients during a relatively long period, probably due to the postfermentation of the fertilizer by soil microorganisms after application.The fermented whey in combination vvith the carrier material provides a fertilizer vvhich supplies nutrients to the soil in a sustained or continued release pattern, ie a relatively constant release of nutrients over a relatively long period, probably due to the post-fermentation of the fertilizer by soil microorganisms after application.
A sustained release pattern requires less fertilizer as compared to a burst release pattern of (artificial) mineral fertilizers to achieve the desired nutrient concentration in soil since less compensation for an inevitable decrease in nutrient concentration is needed, thereby providing a more effective use of the biological fertilizer according to the invention compared vvith the (artificial) mineral fertilizers.The sustained release pattern requires less fertilizer as compared to the burst release pattern of (artificial) mineral fertilizers to achieve the desired nutrient concentration in the soil since less compensation is needed, thus providing a more effective use of the biological fertilizer according to the invention compared vvith the (artificial) mineral fertilizers.
In addition, since less fertilizer is needed for compensation, also less fertilizer is introduced into the environment, eliminating or reducing the environmental problems associated with this introduction.In addition, since less fertilizer is needed for compensation, also less fertilizer is introduced into the environment, eliminating or reducing the environmental problems associated with this introduction.
Preferably, the ratios between the fermented whey and the carrier material in the biological fertilizer according to the invention are between 10 to 15, like 10, 11, 12, 13, , or 15 (whey:carrier). Using these ratios, sufficiently texture is provided by the carrier material while optimally the benefits of fermented whey are maintained.Preferably, the ratios between the fermented whey and the carrier material in the biological fertilizer according to the invention are between 10 to 15, like 10, 11, 12, 13,, or 15 (whey: carrier). Using these ratios, enough texture is provided by the carrier material while optimally the benefits of fermented whey are maintained.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the whey, prior to and/or during the fermentation, is inoculated with a culture of microorganisms, comprising either a single microorganism or a mixture of organisms. By adding a specific microorganism culture, the first fermentation process can be performed faster and/or a better control of the process is achieved. In addition, the characteristics of the fermented whey can be influenced depending on the microorganism of choice like the nitrogen and/or carbon content.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the whey, prior to and / or during the fermentation, is inoculated with a culture of microorganisms comprising either a single microorganism or a mixture of organisms. By adding a specific culture of microorganism, the first fermentation process can be performed faster and / or a better control of the process is achieved. In addition, the characteristics of the fermented whey can be influenced depending on the microorganism of choice like nitrogen and / or carbon content.
The fermentation of the whey is preferably carried out at pH 5 to 7, like pH5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, or 7, more preferable at pH 4 to 4,5, like pH 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 or 4.5, since at these pH's optimal fermentation is achieved.The fermentation of the whey is preferably carried out at pH 5 to 7, like pH5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, or 7, more preferred at pH 4 to 4.5, like pH 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 or 4.5 , since at these pH's optimum fermentation is achieved.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, prior to the addition of carrier material, the fermented whey is filtrated to separate the microbial biomass. Preferably, the principle of gravity feeding is used in the larger time scale. This allows for a low cost filtration step.In a second embodiment of the present invention, prior to addition of the carrier material, the fermented whey is filtered to separate the microbial biomass. Preferably, the principle of gravity feeding is used in the larger time scale. This allows for a low cost filtration step.
According to a third embodiment of the present invention, after addition of the carrier material, a second fermentation of the product obtained is performed. This second fermentation further improves the availability of nutrients in the biological carrier.According to the third embodiment of the present invention, after addition of the carrier material, the second fermentation of the product obtained is performed. This second fermentation further improves the availability of nutrients in the biological carrier.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, lime is added to the biological fertilizer. In addition to improvement of the texture of the biological fertilizer, lime adds an addition calcium source to the biological fertilizer.According to another embodiment of the present invention, lime is added to the biological fertilizer. In addition to improving the texture of the biological fertilizer, lime adds an addition of calcium source to the biological fertilizer.
Because of the negative influence of gum resin on the optional second fermentation step, and on the possible postfermentation process, the carrier material according to the invention preferably is a gum resin-poor carrier material. In addition, the accumulation of biomass in the fermentation process(es) can further be optimized by using a carrier material which is cellulose-rich. Specific examples of the carrier material according to the present invention are saw dust, beech saw dust, oak saw dust, dried nettle, etc.Because of the negative influence of gum resin on the optional second fermentation step, and on the possible post-fermentation process, the carrier material according to the invention is preferably a gum resin-poor carrier material. In addition, the accumulation of biomass in the fermentation process (es) can be further optimized by using a carrier material which is cellulose-rich. Specific examples of carrier material according to the present invention are saw dust, beech saw dust, oak saw dust, dried nettle, etc.
In order to meet specific requirements, and depending on the intended use, additives can be added to the biological fertilizer like trace elements, nutrients, minerāls, growth hormones, stabilizers, organic compounds, antibiotics, etc.Additives can be added to the biological fertilizer like trace elements, nutrients, minerals, growth hormones, stabilizers, organic compounds, antibiotics, etc.
Preferably, the biological fertilizer according to the present invention is in the form of a powder, granules, a suspension, a dispersion, fibrous matter, a soiution, a mixture, or combinations thereof.Preferably, the biological fertilizer according to the present invention is in the form of a powder, granules, suspension, dispersion, fibrous matter, soiution, mixture, or combinations notes.
The biological fertilizer can be used in a composition comprising the biological fertilizer and any substances which are normally used in the fieldThe biological fertilizer can be used in a composition comprising the biological fertilizer and any substances normally used in the field
As already outlined above, the biological fertilizer according to the present invention is especially suited to be used for fertilization of a substrate for plant growth because of the sustained release pattern. Examples of suitable substrates are soil, vermiculite, glass fibers, rockwool, and/or aguaculture.As already outlined above, the biological fertilizer according to the present invention is especially suited to be used for fertilizing a substrate for plant growth because of the sustained release pattern. Examples of suitable substrates include soil, vermiculite, glass fibers, rockwool, and / or aguaculture.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the biological fertilizer is used in a method for fertilizing soil comprising: application of a biological fertilizer or a composition according to the present invention onto and/or into soil.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the biological fertilizer is used in a method for fertilizing soil comprising: an application of a biological fertilizer or composition according to the present invention onto and / or into the soil.
It was surprisingly found that not only nutrients are effectively supplied to soil but also soil composition and/or soil structure are improved. One possible mechanism for the observed improvement can be the addition of microorganisms to soil. The microorganisms enhance flora and fauna resulting in an improved resistance against diseases, more worms, an improved digestion of other organic materiāls, etc.,It was surprisingly found that only nutrients are effectively supplied to soil but also soil composition and / or soil structure are improved. One possible mechanism for observed improvement can be the addition of microorganisms to soil. The microorganisms enhance the flora and fauna resulting from improved resistance against diseases, more worms, improved digestion of other organic material, etc.,
The present invention will further be illustrated in the following examples. These examples should not be construed as limiting.The present invention will be further illustrated in the following examples. These examples should not be construed as limiting.
ΕΧΑΜΡΙ,ΕΕΧΑΜΡΙ, Ε
Preparation of a biological fertilizer according to the present inventionPreparation of a biological fertilizer according to the present invention
The biological fertilizer according to the invention was prepared by subjecting whey, obtained from a cheese produetion facility, to a first fermentation step. The whey was stirred at room temperature during two days to incorporate the nutrients in the whey like Ca, Κ, N, C etc, into the forming biomass. After two days, the product obtained in the first fermentation step was filtered by gravitation filtration in order to increase the dry material content of the preparation. After discarding the liguid phase, wood dust was added to the material remaining on the filter and the combined material was allowed to ferment in a second fermentation step at room temperature.The biological fertilizer according to the invention was prepared by subjecting whey obtained from a cheese produetion facility to a first fermentation step. The whey was stirred at room temperature for two days to incorporate the nutrients into the whey like Ca, Κ, N, C etc, into the forming biomass. After two days, the product obtained in the first fermentation step was filtered by gravitation filtration in order to increase the dry material content of the preparation. After discarding the ligated phase, the wood dust was added to the material remaining on the filter and the combined material was allowed to ferment in a second fermentation step at room temperature.
The percentage of elements was measured and the results are shovvn in table 1The percentage of the elements was measured and the results are shovvn in table 1
Table 1. element analysis of the biological fertilizer according to the present invention.Table 1. elemental analysis of the biological fertilizer according to the present invention.
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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LVP-06-76A LV13482B (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2006-05-24 | Biological fertilizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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LVP-06-76A LV13482B (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2006-05-24 | Biological fertilizer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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LV13482B true LV13482B (en) | 2006-12-20 |
Family
ID=38265630
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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LVP-06-76A LV13482B (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2006-05-24 | Biological fertilizer |
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LV (1) | LV13482B (en) |
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2006
- 2006-05-24 LV LVP-06-76A patent/LV13482B/en unknown
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