LV12890B - Gumijas atlieku pārstrādes metode un iekārta - Google Patents

Description

LV 12890 yCTPOHCTBO H CīIOCOB ΠΕΡΕΡΑΒΟΤΚΗ PE3HHOBbIX ΟΤΧΟβΟΒ H3o6peTeHHe othochtch k o6jiacra nepepa6oTKH npOMbiiiuieHHWx H 6bITOBbIX OpraHHHeCKHX ΟΤΧΟΛΟΒ H MOMCeT 6WTb HCn0JIb30BaH0 B 5KH-JIHUļHO-KOMMyHaJIbHOM X03HHCTBe, 3HepreTHKe, pe3HHOBOH npOMbini-JieHHOCTH ΛΠΗ nOJiyHeHHX TOnJIHBHbIX H CblpbeBbDC pecypCOB H3 ΟΤΧΟ-ΛΟΒ. H3BeCTHO yCTpOHCTBO MM nHpOJIH3a H3HOffleHHbIX IIIHH, coziep-acauiee Bpamaiomyiocji nenb c HapyxcHbiM o6orpeBOM, χολοληπβηηκ mm OXJiaXCfleHHX H KOHACHCaLIHH ra3006pa3HbIX npOAyKTOB IIHpOJIH3a IIIHH, cenapaTop mm pa3AejieHHa KOHAeHcaTa, cxpy66ep una mejioHHoft npo-MblBKH HeKOHfleHCHpyK>IHHXCH ra30B IIHpOJIH3a, c6opHHK CMOJIbI, ra3-rojib^ep MJm HaKoiuiernra ra30B nHpojiH3a [1]. K He^ocTaTKaM namioro ycTpoHCTBa cjie,ziyeT oraecTK BbicoKHe 3Hepro3aTpaTbi Ha nepepa6oTKy οτχοαοβ, Heo6xoAHMOCTb niejioHHOH npoMbiBKH ra30B nepA hx no^anefi Ha cacHraHHe, BbicoKyio Marepnajio-eMKOCTb o6opyAOBaHHa. H3BecTHO ycTpoficTBo mm nHpojiH3a iiihh, coAepxcaiiiee xaMepy 3arpy3KH b BH^e βεηηβι c MacuoM, HHJiHHApHHecKjoo peTopiy c orae-ynOpHOH φΤΓβρΟΒΚΟΗ H peiIIēTKOH MM BBOAa ΤΟΠΟΗΗΒΙΧ ra30B, ra30Bbie ropejiKH, coeAHHeHHbie c py6amKoS peTOpTbi, οκρβδκοΒΜΗ TpaHcnopTep Ajih Bbirpy3KH yrjiepoAHCToro ocrraTKa [2].

HeAOCTaTKaMH αβηηογο ycTpoifcTBa «βαλιοτοϊ 6ολβιποη pacxoA Macjia npH 3arpy3Ke hihh b peropTy, BbicoKHe 3Hepro3aipaTbi, cjic»k-HocTb OTAejieHHH ra30o6pa3Hbix npoAyKTOB nHpcmH3a ιπηη ot nponyK-tob cropaHHH ra3a h TBepAoro ocraTKa, o6pa30BaHHe τοκοηηημχ coeAH-HeHHH b pe3yjibTaTe nonaAaHHa Macua H3 KaMepbi 3arpy3KH b peropTy. H3BecTHO ycTpoficTBo, Ha κοτοροΜ peajiH3yioT cnoco6 nepepa-6otkh p63HHOBbix οτχοαοβ, BKJiioHaioiiiee peaicrop co ihjikooboh KaMe-po0 h pemeTKoft; naporeHeparop c naponeperpeBaTejieM, ποΑκπιοΗβΗ-HbiM κ peaicropy; χολοαηλβηηκ, coeAHHeHHMH c peaicropoM; Apo6HJiicy, coeAHHeHHyio c βηχοαομ TBepAbix nponyKTOB H3 peaKTopa; oxjiaAHTejib TBepAbix npoAyKTOB, noAKJnoHeHHbift κ ApoGmnce; cenapaTop ajih OTAe- -2- jieHHH MeTajiJia οτ yraepoAHCToro ocTaTKa, npecc ^jia SpHKeTHpoBaHHa yrnepOflHCToro oeraTKa [3]. K He/iocTaTKaM AaHHoro ycTponcTBa othocjitck 6ojibihoh pacxon ΒΟΛ^ΗΟΓΟ napa h o6ycnoBneHHBie 3thm BBicoKHe 3Hepro3aTpaTBi, bbico-Kaa MaTepHajioeMKOCTB, cBa3aHHaa c HanHHHeM cneiļHanBHoro o6opy-AOBaHHa AJia neperpeBa napa no TeMnepaTypBi 1600°C.

Han6ojiee 6ah3Khm k 3aaBnaeMOMy H3o6peTeHHK> HBjiaeTca npn-HaTaa HaMH 3anpoTOTHn TOHHenBHaa BaroHHaa peTopTa [4].

YcTponcTBO conepncHT KaMepy 3arpy3KH, TonKy co cboaom h am-moboh Tpy6on; o6MypoBaHHyio b κηρπηηηοη KaMepe n pa3MeiiļeHHyio Han τοπκοη Ha noABecKax peTopTy; pacnojioaceHHBie b Komie ρβτορτΒΐ ABa naipy6Ka arta BBiBona napora30BBix npoAyKTOB; KOHACHcaTop, ποα-KmoneHHBiH κ naipy6KaM; KaMepy oxnaacAeHHa, coeAHHeHyio c ρβτορ-TOH noepeACTBOM ΒΒΙΤΑ5ΚΗΟΓΟ 30HTa; BarOHeTKH C peABCaMH.

HeAocTaTKaMH αβηηογο yciponcTBa aBJiaioTca BBicoKaa 3Hepro-eMKOCTB npopecca nepepaSoTKH, o6ycnoBneHHaa 6oabihoh ajihtcabho-ctbk) (16-24 h) ero η hh3koh 3φφεκτΗΒΗ00ΤΒκ> nepenann Temia οτ τοπκη κ peTopre, o6pa30BaHHe tokchhhbix coeAHHeHHH npn BBirpy3Ke TBepAoro yrnepOAHCToro οοτατκα H3 ρετορτΒΐ b pe3ynBTaTe ero OKHcne-HHa Ha B03Ayxe (B03ropaHHe yrna npn neperpy3Ke ero H3 peropm b KaMepy OKnaacneHHa), BBicoKaa MaTepnajioeMKocTB o6opynoBaHHa h HH3KHH KTļZļ yCTpOHCTBa. 3aAane8 npeAJiaraeMoro H3o6peTeHna aBAaerca CHHaceHHe 3Hep-roeMKOCTH npouecca nepepa6oTKH pe3HHOBBix οτχοαοβ h yMeHBineHHe ΒρβΑΗΒΐχ bbi6pocob b oKpy3KaK>myio cpeny. riocTaBJieHHaa 3anaqa pemaerca TeM, hto b tohhcabhoh βαγοηηοη ρετορτβ, conepacamen KaMepy 3arpy3KH; TonKy co cboaom h abimoboh Tpy6o8; o6MypoBaHHyio b κηρπηηηοη KaMepe h pa3MemeHHyio Han τοπκοη Ha noABecKax peTopry; pacnonoaceHHBie b KOHpe ρετορτΒΐ ABa naTpy6Ka m* bbiboab napora30BBix npoAyKTOB; KOHACHcaTop, ποακαιο-neHHBiH κ naTpy6KaM; KaMepy oxjia»CAeHHH, coeAHHeHHyio c ρετορτοκ noepeACTBOM BBITJDKHOrO 30HTa, COrJiaCHO Η3θ6ρβΤβΗΗΚ) MeX(Ay CBOAOM τοπκη, ρβτορτοΗ h KaMepoH 3arpy3KH pa3MemeHa AHcnepcHaa 3acBinKa H3 oraeynopHoro MaTepnana c nnaMeTpoM nacran 50 - 250 mm, o6pa-3yK>maa ra30X0A H3 τοπκη b abimobjto Tpy6y; b AHcnepcHoft 3acBinKe ycTaHOBAeH HcnapHTeAB h naponpoBon, coeAHHaionļHH peTopTy c Hcna- -3- -3- LV 12890 pHTejieM; KOH/ieHcaTOp cHaOaceH cenapaTopoM λπλ oTijejieHHH βολβι ot προΛγκτοΒ pa3Jio>KeHHH h cenapaTop coejļHHeH βολοπροβολομ c KaMe-poH oxJia»cfleHHji h HcnapHTejieM, a b KaMepe 3arpy3KH ycTaHOBJieH τβπ-JIOOēMeHHHK, KOTOpbIH CBOHM ΒΧΟβΟΜ COeflHHeH C peTOpTOH Η BbIXOfl ero no^KjnoHeH KOBXOZiy KOH^eHcaTopa.

Ha φκΓ.1 npHBe^eH o6ihhh βηλ ycTpoftcTBa zuia nepepa6oTKH pe- 3HHOBbIX ΟΤΧΟΑΟΒ.

CorjiacHO H3o6peTeHHK) ycTpoftcTBO co,aep)KHT 6yHKep 1; eM-KOCTb zum οτχο^οβ 2; 3aTBop 3, ycTaHOBJieHHbiH Ha Bxoae b xaMepy 3a-rpy3KH; ponbraHr 4; xaMepy 3arpy3KH 5; 3aTBop 6, ycTaHOBJieHHbiS Me-xcay KaMepoH 3arpy3KH η ρβτορτοϋ; peTopTy 7; eMKOCTb λπη οτχολοβ 8; TonKy 9; ncnapHTejib 10; alimococ 11; flHcnepcHyro 3acbimcy 12; λβιμο-Byio Tpy6y 13; naponpoBO# 14; KpaH 15; SapoTepMOMerp 16; ra3oaHa-jiH3aTop 17; KpaH 18; τβιυιοοβΜβΗΗΗκ 19; KOHZteHcaTop 20; KpaH 21; KpaH 22; cenapaTop 23; HaKonHTejib Macjia 24; 3aTBop 25, ycTaHOBJieH-HbiH Mexc^y ρετορτοΗ h KaMepoft oxjiaxcaeHHx; KaMepy oxjia»meHHa 26; eMKOCTb jxjix οτχοαοβ 27; βολοπροβολ 28; φopcyHKH λπη pacnbma βολβι 29; KpaH 30; τβρΜΟΜβτρ 31; 3aTBop 32; ycTaHOBJieHHbiH Ha Bbixo#e Ka-Mepbi oxjia»caeHHH, pojibraHr 33; 6yHKep Bbirpy3KH TBepaoro ocTaTKa 34; ΒΗβροηροχοτ 35; eMKOCTb fljia MeTajiJia 36; eMKOCTb ķjiā yrjiepoflH-ctoh cocTaBJi^ioiiieH 37; πο^ΒβΜΗΗΚ 38.

YcTpoilcTBo pa6oTaeT cjieayioiiiHM o6pa30M. H3 6yHKepa 1 b eMKOCTb 2 3arpyxcaiOT pe3HHOBbie οτχολβι, OTKpbmaioT 3aTBOp 3 h c noMombio pojibraHra 4 b KaMepy 3arpy3KH 5 no^aioT eMKOCTb 2, nocjie qero 3aTBop 3 3aKpbiBaiOT h OTKpbraaīOT 3aTBop 6. Jlajiee pojibraHroM 4 nepeMemafOT cmkoctb 2 b peTopTy 7 h 3aKpbiBaioT 3aTBop 6, a κ 6yuKe-py 1 noflaiOT eMKOCTb 8, KOTopyio 3arpyxcaioT οτχολβμη, OTKpbiBaiOT 3aTBop 3 h c noMoiiibio pojibraHra 4 b KaMepy 3arpy3KH 5 noaaioT eM-koctb 8, nocjie nero 3aTBop 3 3aKpbiBaioT.O^HOBpeMeHHo b TonKy 9 no-aaKDT toiuihbo, HanpHMep, apoBa, a HcnapHTejib 10 HanojiHHiOT βολοιι. /ipoea b τοπκβ 9 3a>KnraioT h c πομοιιιβκ) abiMoeoca 11 προ^κτΒΐ cropaHHa H3 τοπκη 9 qepe3 flHcnepCHyio 3acwnKy 12 ββιβοαητ b λβιμο-ByK> Tpy6y 13.

Picnojib30BaHHe ^HcnepcHOH 3acwnKH , KOHTaKTHpyiomeH c pe-TOpTOH n03BOJiaeT Typ6yJlH3HpOBaTb ποτοκ ΠρΟ^ΚΤΟΒ CTOpaHHH, b pe-3yjībTaTe nero yBejraHHBaeTc» HHTeHCHBHOCTb Teiuioo6MeHa προΛγκτοΒ -4- co cTeHKaMH peTopTbi h pacTeT kojihhcctbo τβιυιοτΜ, nepe^aBaeMOH ot προ^γκτοΒ cropaHHH b ρβτορτγ b enHHHuy BpeMeHH. ^HcnepcHaa 3acbinKa HMeeT pa3BHTyio noBepxHocTb, βθ,πηηηηβ κοτοροζ onpeuejineTCH KaK cyMMa noBepxHocTefi HacTHii, cocTajiHioiUHX 3acbimcy, T.e. c poctom KOJiHHecTBa nacTHLi b o6i>eMe (yMeHbniHHeM hx ^HaMeipa) pacTeT cyMMapHan noBepxHocTb. B το>κε BpeMH KOJiHHecTBO Tenna, nepeaaBaeMoro ot npoayKTOB cropaHHH κ nacranaM jmcnepCHOH 3aCbinKH, npOnOpiļHOHaJIbHO BeJIHHHHe ΠΟΒερΧΗΟΟΤΗ HaCTHIļ, T.e. c poc-tom noBepXHOCTH pacTeT h KOJiHHecTBO nepe^aBaeMoro Tenna.

TaKHM o6pa30M uenecoo6pa3HO yMeHbinaTb nnaMeTp nacrau 3a-cbiriKH nnn yBejiHHeHHH KOJiHHecTBa Tenna, nepeuaBaeMoro ot nponyK-tob cropaHHH κ euHHHue oSbeMa 3acbmKH, hto oSecneHHBaeT HHTeHCH-Φηκβιιηκ) npouecca TennooOMeHa. OnHaKO c yMeHbmeHneM unaMeTpa nacTHii 3acbinKH B03pacTaeT ee conpoTHBJieime φκηΒτρ3υκΗ h cootbct-CTBeHHO B03pacTaiOT 3Hepro3aTpaTbi Ha npouecc φΗηκτρ3υΗΗ (npoKan-kh) npouyKTOB cropaHHH nepe3 3acbinKy, hto b HTore npHBO^HT κ chh-)KeHHio ΟΗβρΓΟ-οφφεκτΗΒΗΟοτΗ Bcero npopecca nepepa6oTKH οτχοαοβ. ΥΜβΗΒΐπβΗΗβ nnaMeTpa nacrau 3acbimcH HHHce 50 mm npHBO^HT κ pe3KOMy pocTy conpoTHBneHHH φκιΐΒτραιΐΗΗ, a yBejiHHeHne nnaMeTpa Bbline 250 MM npHBOflHT K pe3KOMy CHH3KeHHK> yaeJIbHOH ΠΟΒερΧΗΟΟΤΗ 3acbinKH (BejiHHHHa noBepxHOCTH b eziHHHue o6“beMa 3acbinKH).

TaKHM o6pa30M nnn oOecneHeHHH οφφεκτΗΒΗΟΗ nepenaun Tenna ot noTOKa npo^yKTOB cropaHHH κ 3acbinKH h nanee b peTopTy, a TaK nce nnn cHHHceHHH 3Hepro3aTpaT Ha npouecc nepepa6oTKH ΗβοβχοηΗΜΟ hc-nojib30BaTb UHcnepcHyio 3acbinKy c unaMeipoM nacTHU 50 - 250 mm. B pe3yjibTaTe φκηΒτρΒυκΗ nponyKTOB cropaHHH UHcnepcHan 3a-CbinKa HarpeBaeTCH, Boua b HcnapHTejie 3aKHnaeT h nap no naponpoBo-uy 14 Hepe3 KpaH 15 nonaioT b peTopTy 7. KojinnecTBO nonaBaeMoro b ρετορτγ 7 napa peryjinpyK)T KpaHOM 15 TaKHM o6pa30M, hto6h b pe-τορτε 7 ycTaHOBHTb uaBJieHHe Bbime 3ΤΜ0ϋφβρΗ0Γ0 Ha 0,01-0,1 aTM (Ha 1000 - 10000 ūa). Πρκ stom 3a βθληηηηοη uaBJieHHH HadnionaiOT no noKa3aHHHM 6apOTepMOMeTpa 16. TaKOH ypoBeHb uaBJieHHH napa Heo6-χοηημ ujth npeuoTBpameHHH nonauaHHH b peTopTy ΒΤΜοςφερΗΟΓΟ B03-nyxa.

Pa3MemeHHe HcnapHTejin b UHcnepcHOH 3acbinKe πο3ΒοηΗβτ no-nyqaTb bouhhoh nap 3a cneT Tenna nponyKTOB cropaHHH TonnHBa b τοπ- -5 - -5 - LV 12890

Ke 9, hto CHiDKaeT MaTepnajioeMKoeTi» o6opynoBaHHa , t.k. omanaeT Heo6xo^HMOCTb b Hcnojib30BaHHH oTflejibHoro naporeHepaTopa. Πρη 3TOM OflHOBpeMeHHO yBeJIHHHBaeTCH οφφβΚΤΗΒΗΟΟΤΒ HCI10JIb30BaHHH Teiuia nponyKTOB cropaHna, t.k. b stom cnyHae nponyKTbi cropaHua bbi-BOflflrrca b ,zņbiMOByio Tpy6y c 6onee hiokoh TeMnepaTypoH, neM b cjiy-nae BbiBona ηχ b αβιμοβ>το Tpy6y mhmo HcnapHTena.

Pa3MemeHHe naponpoeona HenocpencTBeHHO b cpene nHcnepcHon 3acbinKH no3BOJiaeT nojiynaTb neperpeTbin Bonanon nap 6e3 Hcnojib30-BaHHfl cneiiHajībHoro naponeperpeBaTejia, npencTaBJunomero co6oh cjio^chjto h floprocToamyio KOHCTpyKiXHio.

Teiuio b peropry ποηΒοηκται c ποτοκομ neperpeToro βοπηηογο napa h nepe3 οτοηκη, KOHTaKTHpyK>mne c nncnepcHOH 3acbimcoH h npo-ayKTaMH cropaHHa TonjiHBa. Pe3HHOBbie οτχοηΜ HarpeeaiOTca no τθμ-nepaTypbi 400 - 500°C, b pe3yjibīaTe nero npOTeKaeT nponecc TepMHHe-cKoro pa3Jio)KeHHjī οτχοηοΒ c o6pa30BaHHeM TBepnoro ocTaTKa h ra30-o6pa3Hbix nponyKTOB. 3a KOJinnecTBOM o6pa3yK>m;Hxca ra3oo6pa3Hbix nponyKTOB b ρβτορτβ Ha6jnonaioT no noKa3aHH«M ra3oaHajiH3aTopa 17, a TeMnepaTypy HarpeBa οτχοηοΒ KOHTpojiHpyioT c noMouibio OapoTep-MOMerpa 16. Πρη chhxc6hhh TeMnepaTypbi β ρβτορτβ imace 400°C ( Ha-nano TepMHnecKoro pa3JioaceHHH οτχοηοΒ) yBejiHHHBaioT nonany npoe b TonKy 9, a πρκ pocre TeMnepaTypbi Bbirne 500°C yMeHbinaioT nonany npOB b TonKy h c πομοιιϊβιο nbiMoeoca 11 cHnacaioT κοπηΗββτΒΟ bbibo-nHMbix b nbiMOByio Tpy6y nponyKTOB cropaHHa, b pe3yjibTaTe nero yMeHbmaeTca τβπποΒΟΗ ποτοκ β ρβτορτγ, hto πρΗΒοηκτ κ cmoKemno TeMnepaTypbi β ρβτορτβ. Γa30o6pa3Hbie nponyKTbi pa3noxceHHa b CMecn c βολ»ημμ napOM nepe3 KpaH 18 no ra3onpoBony Ηβρβ3 τβπποοβΜβΗΗΗΚ 19 ββιβολητ β KOHneHcaTop 20, rne β pe3yjibTaTe Tenjioo6MeHa c προτοπΗοη Bonon oxjia>KnaK)T ηχ h KOHneHcnpyioT. Πρκ TenemiH ra30o6pa3Hbix nponyK-tob nepe3 TennooOMeHHHK 19 προκοχοηκτ ηχ oxjiaxcneHne no TeMnepa-Typw 250-300°C h KOHneHcamia nacra nponyKTOB pa3JioxceHHa. 3a βπβτ Tenna oxnaxcneHHa h KOHneHcaiļHH ra30o6pa3Hbix nponyKTOB, a Taoce 3a cneT Tenna, nepenaeaeMoro b KaMepy 3arpy3KH ot noTOKa nponyKTOB cropaHHH, φκηΒτργιοιιίΗχοχ qepe3 KOHTaKTHpyioniyK) c KaMepon 3a-rpy3KH nncnepcHyio 3acbinKy, TeMnepaiypa b KaMepe 3arpy3KH nonHH-MaeTca no 100-300°C, hto oSecneHHBaeT npenBapHTejibHbiH HarpeB pe- -6- 3ηηοβηχ οτχοποβ no 100- 300°C nepen no^anefi ηχ b ρβτορτγ, b pe-3yjii>TaTe nero noJie3HO ncnojib3yeTca Teruio nponyKTOB cropaHHfl η bm-BOflHMoe c napo-ra30Boft CMecbio H3 peToprbi Tenjio h o6ecneHHBaerca cHH)KeHHe 3Hepro3aTpaT Ha npoiļecc nepepa6oTKH.

HeKOHfleHCHpyiomHec« ra30o6pa3Hbie nponyKTbi, conep^ainne napti BO^bi, CO, CH4 h npyrne yrjieBoaopo,n;bi c TeMnepaTypoS KHne-hm HHMte 100°C , H3 KOHneHcaropa 20 nepe3 KpaH 21 nonaiOT b TonKy 9 H OKHraiOT.

KoHfleHCHpoBaHHbie nponyKTbi pa3Jio»ceHHa οτχοαοβ (Macjio) b CMecH c βολοη (KOHaeHcaTOM) H3 KOH^eHcaTOpa 20 nepe3 KpaH 22 no-naiOT b cenapaTop 23. H3 Tenjioo6MeHHHKa 19 CKOHfleHCHpoBaBumeca nponyKTbi nonaioT b cenapaTop 23. B cenapaTOpe 23 οτηειυποτ Macjio h nonaioT b HaKonHTenb 24, a Bony no BononpoBony (nacTHHHO c pacxo-flOM paBHbiM pacxony βοληηογο napa, noaaBaeMoro b peTopTy) 3aKaHH-BaioT b HcnapHTejib 10.

Hcnojib30BaHHe Bonbi, OT^emieMOH b cenapaTOpe, no3BOJiaeT npe-ilOTBpaTHTb c6poc ee b OKpyxcaiomyK> cpeny, a Tarae ηοκπιοηητβ Heo6-XOJ[HMOCTL· B C03ZiaHHH CneiIHajībHbIX CHCTeM B0fl006eCneHeHHH πρκ-pOflHOH BOflOH (cKBaMCHHbl, Hacocbi, KpaHbi, Tpy6onpOBonbi). Πο oKOHnaHHH riponecca pa3JioxceHHa οτχοηοΒ (nocjie npeKpame-hhh Bbixoaa ra3oo6pa3Hbix npoayKTOB H3 οτχοαοβ, hto Ha6jnonaioT no noKa3aHH«M ra3oaHajiH3aTopa) oTRptieaioT 3aTBop 25 h c noMonibio pojibraHra 4 eMKocTb 2 c TBepnbīM οοτβτκομ nepeMeinatoT b KaMepy ox-jia»cneHHH 26, nocjie nero 3aTBop 25 3aKpbmaioT, OTKpbiBaiOT 3aTBop 6 h c ποΜθΐιη>κ> pojibraHra 4 eMKocn. 8 nepeMeinaioT b peropTy 7, nocjie nero 3aTBop 6 3ajcpbiBaioT, a κ 6yHKepy 1 nonaioT eMKocTb 27, KOTOpyio 3arpyxcaK)T OTxonaMH, οτκρΜΒ3ΐοτ 3aTBop 3 n c noMontbio pojibraHra 4 b KaMepy 5 nonaiOT eMKocTb 27, nocjie nero 3aTBop 3 3aKpbiBaioT. nocjie nepeMemeHHH eMKoera 2 b KaMepy oxJiaxcjieHHH 26 ot ce-napaTopa 23 no BononpOBony nepe3 KpaH 28 b (ļ)opcyHKH 29 nonaioT Bony h opomaioT βολοη, TBepnbm ocTaTOK b θμκοοτη 2. Flonanaa Ha ro-paHHH ocTaTOK (400-500°C) Bona HcnapaeTca h oxna)KnaeT ocTaTOK, a o6pa3yiomHHca βολληοη nap nepe3 KpaH 30 ββιβολητ b KOHneHcaTop 20, rne oh KOHfleHcnpyeTCH. ΠρΗΜεΗβΗΗβ Bonbi, BbinejieHHon b cenapaTOpe njia oxjia>KfleHHfl TBepnoro ocTaTKa oSecneHHBaeT cHH^ceHHe ΒοηοποτρββπβΗΗΗ Ha προ- -7- -7- LV 12890 necc nepepaSoTKH h npeaoTBpamaeT c6poc τβΧΗοηοΓΗΗβοκοΗ βολβι b 0Kpy«aK)iiiyK) cpe,ny, T.e. πρηβολητ k peajnmnHH 3aMKHTyoro iļHKJia no Bo/je. 3a TeMnepaTypon ocTaTKa Ha6jno^aioT no noKa3aHH«M τβρΜΟΜβτ-pa 31 h npn ycTaHOBJieHHH TeMnepaTypbi T = 150-170°C (TaKoft ypo-B6HB TeMnepaTyp&i no3BOJiaeT 6e3 B03ropaHHa BbmecTH eMKOCTb 2 c oc-TaTKOM H3 KaMepbi oxjiaac,aeHHa) npeKpainaioT opomeHHe ocTaTKa, ot-KpbieaioT 3aTBOp 32 h c noMombio ponbraHra 33 cmkoctb 2 βηβολητ H3 KaMepbi oxjiaxcfleHH« n no^aiOT Ha pa3ipy3Ky. ,ZĻia pa3ipy3KH eMKocra 2 OTKpHBaioT jiiokh b nHHme ee h ocTaTOK non aeficTBHeM coScTBeHHoro Beca npocbinaeTca b 6yHKep Bbirpy3KH 34 h «anee Ha ΒηβροΓροχοτ 35, rne MeTajui OTaejiaeTca ot yrjiepOflHCTon cocraBJiaioineH h BbirpyacaeT-ca b eMKOCTb 36, a yrjieponncTaa coeraBJiaiomaa BbirpyacaeTca b eM-KOCTb 37. īlocjie pa3rpy3KH eMKOCTb 2 c πομοιηβιο nojrbeMHHKa 38 ne-peMemaioT κ 6yHKepy 1 h hhkji ποΒτορβιοτ. M3o6peTeHHe HJunocTpHpyeTca cjieayionmM npHMepoM. ĪIpHMep 1. H3 6yHKepa 1 b eMKOCTb 2 3arpyacaiOT 500 κγ pe3HHOBbix οτχολοβ (H3MejibneHHbix λο pa3MepoB xycKOB 300 - 400 mm H3HomeHHbix bbto-πιηη), OTKpbmaiOT 3aTBOp 3 η c noMonibio pojibraHra 4 b KaMepy 3a-rpy3KH 5 nonaioT eMKOCTb c οτχο,ζήμη 2, nocjie nero 3aTBop 3 3aKpbi-Β3Κ)τ h OTKpHBaioT 3aTBop 6. flajiee c πομοιιιβιο pojibraHra 4 nepeMe-uiaiOT eMKOCTb c oTxo,aaMH 2 b peTopTy 7 n 3aKpbmaioT 3aTBOp 6, a κ 6yHKepy 1 nojiaioT eMKOCTb 8, b κοτορ>το 3arpyacaioT 500 κr pe3HHOBbix οτχολοβ. OflHOBpeMeHHO c nepeMemeHHeM eMKOcTH 2 b ρετορτγ 7 3a-rpyacaiOT 400 κγ apoB (BJiaacHOCTb 20%, 30JibHOCTb 2 %, TennoTa cropa-Hna 14 Μ,φκ/κτ) b TonKy 9 h 3ajiHBaiOT 500 κγ borm b ncnapHTejib 10. JIpoBa b τοπκε 9 3aacnraiOT c πομοιιιβκ) φaκeJIa h c noMombio abimoco-ca 11 npoayKTbi cropaHHa H3 τοπκη 9 nepe3 nncnepcHyio 3acbinKy 12 BbiBo^aT b ,zjbiMOByK> Tpy6y 13. JĻia nojiHoro cropaHHa ,αροΒ b TonKy 9 Heo6xonHMO noaaTb 4,5 μ B03ityxa Ha 1 κγ λροβ, T.e. 1800 m3. īlo^ana 3a^aHHoro (1800 m3) kojih-necTBa B03,ziyxa oOecnenHBaeTca TeM, hto c πομοιηβιο nbiMococa pery- -8- πΗργιοτ KOJiHHecTBo BbiBo/iHMbix H3 τοπκη 9 nponyKTOB cropaHHH, B pe-3yjibTaTe nero peryjmpyeTCH nocTynjieHHe B03nyxa b TonKy, T.e. c no-Moiiļbio uiH6epHbix 3acjioHOK flbiMococa, Kajra6poBaHHbix no pacxony npoayKTOB cropaHHH, ycTaHaBJiHBaioT 3anaHHbiH pacxon 900 m3/h, t.k. nojiHoe BpeMJi nponecca HarpeBa h TepMHnecKoro pa3Jio>KeHHH οτχοηοΒ cocTaBJiseT 2 h, T.e. npoea Heo6xonHMO (400 κγ) cacenb b τοπκε 9 3a 2 naca. Πρη cropaHHH npoB o6pa3yeTca 5,3 m3/kt nponyKTOB cropaHHH hto b HTore cocTaBHT 2120 m3. TaKHM o6pa30M, c πομοιπβιο nMMoeoca 11 H3 τοπκη 9 Heo6xoOTMO BbiBOflHTb προ,πγκτΒΐ cropaHHH C paCXOflOM 1060 m3/h (BpeMH nponecca 2 naca).

Tenjio, Bbinenaiomeeca npn CHcnramiH npoB b τοπκβ 9, pacxony-eTca Ha HarpeB ρβτορτΗ, nncnepcHofi 3acbimcH, KaMepbi 3arpy3KH, npo-H3BoncTBO n neperpeB napa, HarpeB h TepMHHecKoe pa3Jio»ceHHe pe3H-ηοββιχ οτχοηοΒ, TennonoTepn. Ha HarpeB 3JieMeHTOB ycTpo0CTBa pac-xonyeTca 100 kt npoe. Ha npoH3BoncTBo h neperpeB 250 κγ/η napa (Tna-pa=500°C) pacxoayeTca 80 κγ/η npoB. o6ecneneHHa HarpeBa no T=500°C h TepMHHecKoro pa3Jio»ceHHH pe3HHOBbix οτχοποβ Tpe6yeTca oKnraTb b τοπκβ 930 κγ/η npoB. TaKHM o6pa30M; nojiHbiS pacxon npoB Ha 3Heproo6ecneHeHHe nponecca nepepa6oTKH pe3HHOBbix οτχοποβ co-CTaBHT (c yneTOM 25 % TennonoTepb). (100κΓ+ 160 κγ + 60 κγ) x 1,25 =400 κγ.

B HarneM cjiynae nnaMeTp nacran nHcnepcHoS 3acbinKH cocTaB-naeT 50 mm. Bec BceS 3acbinKH 5000 κγ. Πποτηοογβ MaTepnajia (rpaHHT) cocTaBJiaeT 2720 κγ/μ3. Bec ο^ηοη Hacnnbi 0,178 kt. KojinnecTBO nac-τκη nHcnepcHOH 3acbinKH 28090 uiTyK. B 3tom cjiynae cyMMapHaa no-BepxHOCTb Bcex nacran paBHa 220,5 m2. nycTb n-HHHa ρετορτΗ cocTaB-naeT 3 m, a nnaMeTp 1,5 m. Jļjuma. KaMepbi 3arpy3KH - 3 m, a nnaMerp 1,5 μ. B 3ΤΟΜ cnyHae BHeniHHH noBepxHOCTb KaMepbi 3arpy3KH η ρετορτΜ cocTaBHT 56,5 m2. Bch 3Ta noBepxHocTb MoaceT 6biTb Hcnojīb30BaHa nn* Tenjioo6MeHa c ποτοκομ nponyKTOB cropaHHH npOB b τοπκε 9. B το>κβ BpeMH Hcnojib30BaHHe hhc-nepcHoii 3acbinKH no3BonaeT yBejiHHHTb n0BepxHOCTb TenJioo6MeHa no 277 m“ (b 4,9 pa3a), hto o6ecneHHBaeT yBenHHeHHe TenjiOBoro noTOKa b -9- -9- LV 12890 ρβτορτγ η KaMepy 3arpy3KH npHMepHO b 4,9 pa3a h b HTore CHHJKaeTca BpeMH nponecca nepepa6oTKH οτχολοβ.

Hcnojib30BaHHe imcnepcHofi 3acbimcH bccom b 5000 κγ (b 10 pa3 6ojibine Beca 3arpyxcaeMbix b peTOpTy οτχολοβ ) no3BOJiaeT CTaSHjnon-poBaTt TeMnepaTypy, T.e. 3acbimca HrpaeT pojib TepMOCTaTa. Πρκ 3a-rpy3Ke b ropaHyio peTopTy χοποληβιχ οτχολοβ He πρηοχολητ pe3Koro na^eHHa TeMnepaTypbi b ρβτορτε h He HapyuiaeTca TeiuioBOH pe»CHM npouecca Onaro^apa TOMy, hto pa3orpeTaa zmcnepcHaa 3acbinKe πολ-^ep^cHBaeT b ρετορτβ nocToxHHyio TeMnepaiypy.

B pe3yjibTaTe <j)HJibTpamiH npojyKTOB cropatnui ^HcnepcHaa 3a-cbinica HarpeBaeTca, Boaa b HcnapHTene 3aKHnaeT h nap no naponpoBo-ņy 14 nepe3 KpaH 15 c pacxoaoM 250 kt/h noaaiOT b peTopTy 7. B npo-necce TeneHna no naponpoBoay nap neperpeeaeTca λο T=500°C. 3a Be-jihhhhoE ^aBJieHHH napa b ρετορτβ Ha6jnonaioT no ποκβ3βηηχμ 6apo-TepMOMeTpa 16 h ycTaHaBJiHBaioT (peryjiHpyioT c noMonļbio KpaHaHa SapoTepMOMeTpe ββιχολ napa H3 peTOpTbi) aaBJieHHe paBHoe 101 Ķīla, hto Ha lKŪa Bbime aTMOc<ļ)epHoro flaBJieinuL

Pe3HHOBbie οτχολβι b ρβτορτε 7 HarpeBaioTca ao T=400°C, b pe-3yjibTaTe nero npoTeKaeT nponecc hx TepMHHecKoro pa3JioxceHna c o6-pa30BaHHeM TBep^oro ocTaTKa h ra30o6pa3Hbix npoflyicroB. 3a KOJinne-ctbom ( KOHneHTpaiļHefi npoAyicroB b napoBofi cpe^e) ra30o6pa3Hbix προ^γκτοΒ HaSmoflaioT no ποκβ3βηηχμ ra3oaHajiH3aTopa 17, a TeMne-paiypy HarpeBa οτχολοβ KOHTpojmpyEOT c noMombio 6apoTepMOMeTpa 16 h noimep>KHBaK)T paBHon 400 C nyreM peryjmpoBaHHa KOJinnecTBa c)KHraeMoro β τοπκε 9 Tonjinea. Γa30o6pa3Hbie npo^yKTbi pa3JioxceHna b CMecn c βολληβιμ napoM b KOJiHHecTBe 375 kt/h (250 κγ/η βοληηογο napa h 125 κγ/η ra30o6pa3-ηβιχ npoayKTOB pa3JioaceHHa) nepe3 KpaH 18 no ra3onpoBony nepe3 τβπ-ποοδΜβΗΗΗΚ 19 BbiBO/nrr b KOHfleHcaTop 20, rae b pe3yjibTaTe TenjiooG-MeHa c προτοΗΗΟΗ Bonofi oxjiaac^aK)T h KOH^eHCHpyiOT hx. Πρκ TeneHHH napora30Bofi CMecn nepe3 τεηποοοΜβΗΗΗΚ 19 npo-ηοχολητ oxJiaxcAeHHe ee ao TeMnepaTypbi 250°C h KOHneHcanHH nacra BbicoKOKHnanļHx npo^yKTOB (TKHneHHa=250-400°C). B pe3yjibTaTe oxjia-xc,neHHa napora30Boii CMecn BbiaejiaeTca Tenno b KOJinnecTBe 117375 kJ()k/h (TeruioeMKocTb napa 2 κφκ/κτ°0, TenjioeMKOCTb nponyKTOB pa3-JioaceHHH 2,26 κ/15κ/κγο0), a b pe3yjibTaTe KOHjieHcanHH 100 κγ/η ra30- - 10- o6pa3Hi>ix προΛγκτοΒ (TenjioTa KoimeHcaiiHH 300 k/Ļk/κγ) BbmenaeTcn 30000 k,ZĻk/h. TaKHM o6pa30M cyMMapHoe BbineneHHe Tenna cocraBHT BejiHHHHy 147375 κ1[τκ1η TeiuiOBaa moiuhoctL·, BbmenaeMafl β τβπηοοβ-MeHHHKe 19 paBHa 41 κΒτ. ΠρΗ ycjioBHH, hto τεπηοποτερκ cocTaBJimoT 25 % 3Toro KOJiH^ecTBa Tenjia noeraTOHHO ηηη HarpeBa HaxoflamHXCH b KaMepe 3arpy3KH 500 κγ pe3HHOB&ix οτχολοβ no T=300°C. TaKHM o6pa-30M 3a cneT Teiuia napora30Boft CMecn , βμβο,ζηϊμοη H3 ρετορτω 7, oOecneHHBaeTca npenBapHTenbHbift pa3orpeB pe3HHOBbix οτχολοβ, b pe-3yjibTaTe nero CHnncaiOTca 3Hepro3arpaTbi Ha nponecc nepepaOoTKH h yMeHbiiiaeTca Bpeivui nponecca. ΡΪ3 TeiuiooOMeHHHKa 19 b KOHneHcarop 20 ββιβοαατ napora30Byio CMecb b KOJiHHecTBe 275 kt/h (250 κγ βοληηογο napa h 25 κγ ra30o6pa3-HbIX npO^KTOB pa3JIO»eeHHH ΟΤΧΟΛΟΒ). B KOH,aeHCaTOpe 20 KOHneHCH-pyiOT 250 κγ/η βοαηηογο nap h 10 κγ ra30o6pa3Hbix nponyKTOB, a 15 κγ HeKOH^eHCHpyiomHxca nponyKTOB ββιβολητ H3 KOHneHcaropa 20 nepe3 KpaH 21b TonKy 9 h cararaioT. 3a cneT οκηγβηηη 3THx ra30B (TenjioTa cropaHH5i 20 MTļac/iar) nporoBonHTCH 300000 kJJjk 3HeprHH, hto βκβη-BajieHTHo 21,5 κγ npoB. TaKHM o6pa30M οκηγεηηθ HeKOHneHCHpyio-ihhxch ra30B no3BOJiHeT yMeHbmHTb pacxofl npoe Ha 21,5 κγ/η.

KoHfleHCHpoBaHHbie nponyKTbi pa3JioaceHHH οτχολοβ b cmcch c Bonož H3 KOHfleHcaTOpa 20 nep3 KpaH 22 nonaioT b cenaparop 23. ΡΪ3 TenjiooOMeHHHKa 19 βηβολατ b cenapaTop 23100 κγ KonzieHCHpoBaH-ηβιχ npoflyKTOB. B cenapaTope 23 OTnennioT MacJio h nonaioT b HaKonH-Tejib 24, a eony no BononpoBony c pacxonoM 250 κγ/η 3βκβηηββιοτ b HcnapHTejib nnn nonyHeHHn paOonero napa. Πο OKOHHaHHH nponecca pa3Jio)KeHHH οτχολοβ (nocne npeKpaine-hhh Bbixona ra3oo6pa3Hbix npoayKTOB) OTKpbiBaioT 3aTBop 25 h c no-Mombio poJibraHra 4 eMKOCTb 2 c TBepnbīM ocTaTKOM (250 κγ TBepnoro ocTaTKa) nepeMemaioT b KaMepy oxjiaacaeHH 26, nocne nero 3aTBop 25 3aKpbmaioT. OTKpbiBaioT 3aTBOp 6hc πομοιηβιο ponbraHra 4 eMKOCTb 8 nepeMemaioT β ρετορτγ 7. 3aTBop 6 3aKpbiBaiOT, a κ 6yHKepy 1 noziaioT eMKOCTb 27, κοτορ>το 3arpyxcaioT oTxonaMH, OTKpbiBaioT 3aTBop 3 h c noMombio ponbraHra 4 β KaMepy 5 nonaiOT eMKOCTb 27, nocne nero 3a-TBop 3 3aKpbiBai0T. llocne nonann eMKoera 8 b peTopTy 7 b Tonxy 9 nonaiOT npoea b KonHnecTBe 278,5 κγ. 3to o6ycnoBneHO τθμ, hto 100 κγ npoe pacxono- LV 12890 - n -

Bajioct Ha 3anycK ycTaHOBKH, T.e. pa3orpeB o6opyaoBaHHa no 3anaHHOH TeMnepaTypw. IIocKOJibKy o6opynoBaHHe yxce pa3orpeTo h Ha 3Hepro-o6ecneHeHHe Hcnojib3yioTca HeKOHneHCHpyiomHec« nponyKTM pa3Jio-*eHHH οτχολοβ (3KBHBajieHT 21,5 κγ npoB), a TaK^ce KOMneHCHpyioTCH TeiuionoTepH (25% - 80 κγ flpoe), to cyMMapHMH pacxon Toiuinea (npoB) CHH)KaiOT jļo 278,5 κγ.

Ilocjie nepeMemeHHH eMKoera 2 b KaMepy oxjiaxcneHHa 26 ot ce-napaTopa 23 no BOflonpoBony nepe3 KpaH 28 b φopcyHKH 29 nonaiOT Bony h opouiaioT τΒβρηΜΗ ocTaTOK b eMKocra 2.

Pacxon βολή Ha opomeHHe ocTaTKa onpenenaeTca BecoM ocraTKa, ero TeMnepaTypoH h KOHeneHon TeMnepaTypo0 oxjiaameHHa. B HameM cjiyHae Bec ocTaTKa 250 κγ, ero TeMnepaTypa T=400°C, KOHeHHaa τβΜ-nepaTypa T=150°C, ynejibHaa TenjioeMKocTt ocTaTKa Cp=l,3 KjļyK/Kr°C. B 3tom cjiyqae πρκ oxJiaxca;eHHH ocraTKa ΗβοβχοηκΜο OTBecra Tenrio paBHoe 81250 kJJjk. Tenjio οτβολητοη b pe3yjibTaTe HarpeBa h ncnape-hhx βολή. TaKHM o6pa30M AJia OTBO^a naHHoro KOJiHHecTBa Temia He-ο6χολημο (πρκ ycjioBHH, ήχο HaHajībHaa TeMnepaTypa βολή T„aHajlb_ Hoe=20°C) Ha opomeHHe nonaTb 28,7 κγ βολβι. īlona^aa Ha ropamni oc-TaTOK Boaa HarpeBaeTca h ncnapaeTca, a o6pa3yiomHHca βοληηοη nap nepe3 KpaH 30 βηβολλτ b KOHfleHcaTop 20 h KOHfleHCHpyioT. Bony, He-ο6χολημ>το jijīsi opomeHHa TBepnoro ocTaTKa Hcnonb3yiOT b 3aMKHyTOM HHKJie, T.e. b ΜΟΜβΗΤ 3anycKa ycTaHOBKH Bony b HyacHOM KOJiHHecTBe (b HameM cjiyqae 28,7 κγ) 3ajiHBaiOT b cenapaTop 23 h 3aTeM ee Hcnojiī>3y- K)T B IļHKJie. 3a TeMneparypoH ocTaTKa HaSjiKmaioT no noKa3aHHaM TepMOMeT-pa 31 h npH ycTaHOBJieHHH TeMnepaTypti T=150°C npeKpamaioT opomeHHe ocTaTKa, οτκρΗΒ3ΐοτ 3aTBop 32 h c πομοιιιηο pojitraHra 33 eM-koctL· 2 BbiBomiT H3 KaMepbi oxjia>KfleHHa h nonaioT Ha pa3rpy3Ky. Jļn.%. pa3rpy3KH θμκοοτη 2 OTKpbiBaioT jhokh b AHHiiļe ee h ocTaTOK πολ neft-CTBHeM co6cTBeHHoro Beca npocbinaeTca b 6yHKep 34 h naJiee Ha bh6-ροηροχοτ 35, rne Merann oTnenaiOT ot yrjiepo^HCTOH cocTaBJiaiomeH h BbirpyxcaiOT b eMKOCTb 36, a yrjiepojmcTyio cocTaBJiaK>myio Bbirpy*a-K)T b eMKOCTb 37. Ilocjie pa3rpy3KH eMKOCTb 2 c πομοιηβιο nonbeMHHKa 38 nepeMeinaiOT κ 6yHKepy 1 h hhkji ποΒτορχιοτ.

Claims (4)

1. Gumijas atlieku pārstrādes iekārta, kas satur iekraušanas kameru, kurtuvi ar velvi un skursteni, virs kurtuves izvietotu retorti, dzesēšanas kameru, kondensatoru, atšķirīga ar to, ka starp kurtuves velvi, retorti un iekraušanas kameru novietots disperso vielu pildījums no ugunsizturīga materiāla ar daļiņu diametru no 50 līdz 250 mm, kas veido gāzēju no kurtuves uz skursteni, bet pašā disperso vielu pildījumā uzstādīts iztvaicētājs un tvaiku vads, kas savieno retorti ar iztvaicētāju.

2. Iekārta pēc 1. punkta, kas atšķirīga ar to, ka kondensators aprīkots ar separatoru ūdens atdalīšanai no atlieku sadalīšanās produktiem, bet separators savienots ar dzesēšanas kameru un iztvaicētāju ar ūdensvada palīdzību.

3. Iekārta saskaņā ar 1. vai 2. punktu, kas atšķirīga ar to, ka iekraušanas kamerā uzstādīts siltummainis, kurš ar savu ieeju savienots ar retorti, bet tā izeja savienota ar kondensatora ieeju.

4. Gumijas atlieku pārstrādes paņēmiens ar pārkarsētu ūdens tvaiku aptuveni pie 500 °C temperatūras, kā rezultātā notiek gumijas destrukcija ar cietās, šķidrās un gāzveida fāzes veidošanos.