LV11070B - Multipfase process mixing and measuring system - Google Patents

Multipfase process mixing and measuring system Download PDF

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Publication number
LV11070B
LV11070B LVP-93-758A LV930758A LV11070B LV 11070 B LV11070 B LV 11070B LV 930758 A LV930758 A LV 930758A LV 11070 B LV11070 B LV 11070B
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LV
Latvia
Prior art keywords
liquid
reservoir
venturi
flow
gaseous
Prior art date
Application number
LVP-93-758A
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English (en)
Other versions
LV11070A (lv
Inventor
Frank Mohn
Wallace William Martin
Original Assignee
Framo Dev Ltd
Norsk Hydro As
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Publication date
Application filed by Framo Dev Ltd, Norsk Hydro As filed Critical Framo Dev Ltd
Publication of LV11070A publication Critical patent/LV11070A/lv
Publication of LV11070B publication Critical patent/LV11070B/lv

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B01F23/2326—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles adding the flowing main component by suction means, e.g. using an ejector
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/45—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing
    • B01F23/452—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing by uniting flows taken from different parts of a receptacle or silo; Sandglass-type mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/45—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing
    • B01F23/454—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing by injecting a mixture of liquid and gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31241—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow the main flow being injected in the circumferential area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the central part of the conduit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/441—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits
    • B01F25/4412—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits the slits being formed between opposed planar surfaces, e.g. pushed again each other by springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
    • B01F35/21—Measuring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/712—Feed mechanisms for feeding fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
    • G01F1/88—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure with differential-pressure measurement to determine the volume flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
    • G05D11/006—Control of flow ratio involving a first fluid acting on the feeding of a second fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/75—Flowing liquid aspirates gas

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Description

LV 11070
CnOCOE H ΑΠΠΑΡΑΤΥΡΑ ΑΠ3 CMELUEHMS1 )KMflKOCTH H nOflBOflHASļ YCTAHOBKA
OnncaHne
HaHHoe n3o6peieHn9 OTHOcnTcn k npoueccy MHoro0a3Horo CMeujeHna n cncieMe n3MepeHMS, 6onee κοηκρθτηο, κ cncTeMe nocpeACTBOM κοτοροή ocyLuecTBnflfOT npouecc CMemeHnn flByx nnn 6onee TeKysnx MaTepnanoB, KaKOBbiMn MoryT 6biTb >kh)1KOcth, ra3bi nnn napbi, n nocpeflCTBOM κοτοροίί, npn ηθο6χοαμμοοτμ, μο>κθτ 6biTb npon3sefleHo n3MepeHMe 3thx MaTepnanoB. flaHHoe n3o6peTeHne npeflnaraeT cnoco6 n annapaiypy απη CMeiueHUfl, no KpaižiHeiži Mpe, οαηογο TeKyHero MaTepnana c >KHflKocTbio, comacHo 3T0My cnoco6y >KMAKOCTb BbueKaeT H3 pe3epByapa wepe3 OTBepcTnn Tpy6Kn Bemypa, a >KHAKOCTb nnn APyroii TeKynnn Maiepnan, KOTOpbin αοπ>κθη 6biTb CMeiiiaH c ^MAKOCTbio, bboa^t b ποτοκ >khakocth Ann CMeujeHnn b Tpy6Ke BeHTypn. npouecc CMemeHnn nnn roMoreHH3aunn, takum o6pa30M, coctout b tom, hto TeKyMnii MaTepnan, KOTOpbin ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ npeACTaBnaTb ra3 nnn napbl nnn BTOpyK) >KnAKOCTb, KOTOpbie npoTaruBaKDTCfl wepe3 OTBepcTna Tpy6KM BeHTypn ποτοκομ nepsoM ynoMHHyTon >KMAKOCTM npM Heo6xOAHMOCTM C >KMAKOCTbtO MO>KHO CMeiiJaTb 6θΠΘΘ 4ΘΜ OAHH TeKyHmži MaTepnan η, b TaKOM cnynae, βχοαηαα Tpy6xa μο>κθτ 6biTb cocTaBneHa H3 AByx nnn 6onee KOHueHTpnnecKnx Tpy6oK, b κοτορ^χ noAana TeKynero MaTepnana ocymecTBnfleTcn b Tpy6xy BeHTypn nepe3 BHyTpeHHioto Tpy6y n npoMex<yTOK nnn npoMe>KyTKn Mex<Ay Hen n kb>kaoū βηθιαηθμ Tpy6on.
TaKnM o6pa30M, n3o6peTeHne oāecnennBaeT annapaTypy, BKAK)Haioiuyto KaMepy nnn cocyA, b KOTopbin μο>κθτ 6biTb noflaHa *nflKOCTb n3 nepBoro ncTOHHnKa απα o6pa30BaHnn pe3epsyapa >κηΑκσοτη, KaMepa ηΜθβτ BbixoAHbie οτΒβροτηη, cy>KnBatOLiļnecfl c 06pa30BaHneM Tpy6Kn BeHTypn, KOTopan CTbiKyeicn co CBoāoAHbiM kohuom ΒΧΟΑΗοή Tpy6bi ann noAasn b Tpy6xy BeHTypn TeKynero MaTepnana n3 BToporo ncTOHHnKa Ann CMeujeHnn c xnAKOCTbio. M3o6peTeHne Μθ>κβτ 6biTb npeACTaBneHo xax BapnaHT annapaTypbi ann CMeuieHnn nnn roMoreHn3aunn MHoro0a3Horo TeKymero noTOKa. B t3kom cnynae KaMepa μο>κθτ 6biTb 3aKpbiTon KaMepon, o6opyAOBam-ion npncnocočneHnnMn, CBn3biBaiomnMn BXOAHyto Tpy6y n BepxHK>K> nacTb KaMepbi, sto Ta nacTb Hau pe3epByapoM, o6pa30BaHHbiM >κηΑκοή cpa3on MHorocpa3Horo TeKymero ποτοκθ, BepxHnn nacTb KaMepbi οοοτοητ n3 BToporo ncTOHHnKa, a pe3epByap npeACTaBnneT nepBbin ηοτοΗΗηκ. BBeAeHne b roMoreHn3npoBaHHbiii MHoro$a3Hbin ποτοκ OAHon nnn 6onee TeKy4nx Ao6aBOK μο>κθτ Taxx<e n 3Aecb ocymecTBneHO nyTeM ncnonb30BaHnn κοΗΜΘΗτρηπθοκηχ BxoAHbix Tpy6. Ποτοκ μοχθτ npoxoAMTb b 2
BbixoflHoe oTBepcrue 3a οηθτ cunbi τα>κθοτμ, no3TOMy Bbixofl H3 Kaiviepbi pacnonaraiOT Ha αηθ. Τθμ ηθ μθηθθ, cornacHO paHHOMy n3o6peTeHnio annapaTypy mo>kho CKOHCTpynpoBaTb TaK, HToābi pacnono>KMTb ee ηθποορθαοτβθηηο Ha/ļ cooTBeTCTByKDmnM HacocoM nnn 6ycTepoM. ripeflnoMTMTeneH Bapnam, Korpa annapaiypa βκπkdmaeT npucnocočneHnfi, npepHa3HaMeHHbie nna ποααθρχοημη ypoBHfl >kmakoctm b cocyfle nnn KaMepe. CornacHO Μ3ο6ρθτθηι/ιιο, mo>kho cpenaib TaK, mo6bi Ka>Kflafl βχοαηθα Tpy6a, noflaiomafl >KMAKOCTb b Tpy6xy BeHTypn, npoxopnna nepe3 pe3epeyap >kmakoctm b KaMepe n 6bina nep$opnpoBaHa nnn MMena menn. Κοπμμθοτβο >kmakocth, BbiTeKaKDiueiži M3 pe3epByapa >khakoctm, οοοτβθτοτβθηηο B03pacTaeT c ποαηητμθμ ypoBHH >kmakocth b τθμ 6onbmeū οτθπθημ, ηθμ 6onbiue οτΒθροτί/ΐίί norpy>KeHo b >KMfļKOCTb.
KpoMe τογο, annapaTypa, c noMombio κοτοροίί ocyuļecTBnaeTca naHHoe n3o6peTem/ie, μο>κθτ 6biTb ποαχοαηιαιίμ o6pa30M coeAMHeHa co cpeACTBaMu n3MepeHM« ποτοκθ (nepeHOca). 06opyAOBaHne απλ 3aMepa noTOKa AeiicTByeT Ha npnHunne M3MepeHHfl πθαθημη α^βγιθημα πρι/ι nepeHoce TeKynero MaTepnana nepe3 Tpy6Ky BeHTypn, μο>κθτ 6biTb BCTpoeHo b annapaTypy; asthhkh αββπθημ3 » pacnonaraKDT Ha BbixoAe Tpy6KH BeHTypn. Βκπιοηθημθ b cncTeMy ABHCMOMepa μο>κθτ no3Bonmb c nerKocTbKD onpeAenflTb ckopocth MacconepeHoca roMoreHH3npoBaHHoro ΜΗ0Γ0φ33Η0Γ0 TeKyHero ποτοκθ.
Annapaiypa αβηηογο μ3ο6ρθτθη μα μο>κθτ 6biTb ncnonb30BaHa απβ roMoreHH3aunn n/nnn M3MepeHnsļ CMecu ΗβφτΜ (Macna), BOAbi m ra3a n μοχθτ 6biTb ocyiuecTBneHa b φορΜθ, ποαχοααιαθι/ι απα ucnonb30BaHn* ποα ΒΟΑΟίί. TaK, n3o6peTeHne τθκ>κθ npeAnaraeT naīpoH απα n3MepeHna ποτοκθ, KOTopbiii μο>κθτ coAepx<aTb ApoccenbHoe ycTpoiicTBO, npucnocoāneHHbiti απα pa3MemeHHfl ποα boaoiži, nyTeM ycTaHOBKM b γηθ3ΑΒ 6apa6aHa, CBfl3aHH0M c X-o6pa3Hoii nopcTaBKOiži.
ByAeT noKa3aHO, ητο αβηηοθ n3o6peTeHne nMeeT μηοχθοτβο pa3nnHHbix eapnaHTOB ucnorib30BaHHfl, b HacTHOCTn, β ΗθφτΑΗοϋ npoMbiiuneHHOcTn, γαθ θγο MO>KHO HCnonb30BaTb ΑΠΑ ΒΒΟΑΗ H ΟΜΘίϋΘΗΜΑ XMMUHeCKHX AOČaBOK H npMCaAOK, TaK>Ke, KaK n npn Aoābine ΗθφτίΊ Ha cyuje m b Mope. KaK annapaiypa βηη roMoreHH3aunn, annapaiypa αβηηογο n3o6peTeHna μο>κθτ 6biTb ncnonb30BaHa, b HacTHOCTH, ahs CMeiueHUfl nnn roMoreHH3aunn cMeceiži ra3a n ΗθφτΜ, n3BneneHHbix H3 noA3eMHbix n ποαβοαηβιχ CKBa>KHH. TeKywne MaTepnanbi, n3BneKaeMbie H3 TaKnx cKBa>KHH mop/t 3HaHmenbHO pa3ni/iHaTbca Me>KAy co6oii c tohkm 3peHna coAepx<aHHfl >khakhx h ra30Bbix οοοτθβπαιοιμμχ. Ohh mop/t BKritosaTb KOHrnoMepaTbi npaKTunecKu HecMeiuaHHOiži >khakocth, pa3AeneHHbie cxoAHbiMH nopunfiMU ra3a, Τ3Κ>κθ KaK MoryT n BKnroHaTb 6onee nnn μθηθθ roMoreHHbie 3 LV 11070 yHacTKi/i. 3ra HeoflHopoflHocTb n3BneKaeivioro Maiepnana co3paeT onpeaeneHHbie TpyflHOdn b npouecce ero TpaHcnopTupoBKM, b nacTHocTn, nna HacocHoro o6opyflOBaHUfl.
Hn>K0 npuBeneHbi npuMepbi ocymecTB/ieHHfl nai-moro μ3ο6ρθτθημα, conpoBo>KflaeMbie cxeMaMM n pncyHKaivin cornacHO KOTopbiM: pnc. 1, 3 m 3 npeflCTaBnfltOT BUflbi 6οκοβογο pa3pe3a nepBOM, Βτοροίί m TpeTbeti pa3H0BHflH0dn annapaTypbi, np0flHa3HaH0HHOīi απη ομθιιιθημη μπμ r0M0reHM3Hp0BaHH3, ΒΒΙΠΟΠΗΘΗΗΟΜ B ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C flaHHbIM Μ3θ6ρΘΤΘΗΜΘΜ; pnc. 4 npeAdaBnfleT bma οδοκγ HacTMHHoro pa3pe3a rHe3fla ποαβοαηομ yciaHOBKM c naTpoHOM, BKntonaiouuMM annapaTypy, M3o6pa>xeHHyio Ha pnc. 2; pnc. 5 npeflCTaBnaBT bma c6oKy ποαβοαηομ yciaHOBKM,B KOTOpyto CMOHTMpOBaHO ΓΗΘ3Α0; pnc. 6 npeACTaBnaaT o6iamm bma b yM0Hbiu0HHOM MacuiTače ποαβοαηομ ycTaHOBKM. CMecMTenbHafl annapaTypa, npeACTaBneHHaa Ha pmc.1, βκπιοηβθτ B0pTMKanbHblM pa3p03 ΜΜΠΜΗΑΡΜΜΘΟΚΟΓΟ ΚΟΗΤΘΜΗθρΒ 10, ΒθρΧΗΙΟΚ) HaCTb ΟΤΘΗΚΜ 11, b κοτοροϋ μμθθτοη ueHTpanbHoe οτβθροτμθ, nepe3 κοτοροβ προχοΑΜτ Tpy6a 12 no ocm κοητθμηθρβ. P3AOM c Tpy6oM 12 npeACTaBn©H BepTMKanbHbiM pa3pe3 ΒΧΟΑΗΟΓΟ Tpy6onpOBOAa 14, KOTOpbIM COeAMHfleTCfl C BHyTp0HH0M HaCTblO KOHT0MH0pa Ηθρ©3 ΒΤΟρΟΘ ΟΤΒβρΟΤΜΘ B ΒθρΧΗθίί ΒΧΟΑΗΟΜ HaCTM ΟΤΘΗΚΜ 14, ΟΜΘίΑΘΗΗΟΘ ΠΟ OTHOLUeHMKD Κ OCM ΚΟΗΤΘΜΗβρΒ. Β ΗΜ>ΚΗΘΜ KOHL40 ΟΤΘΗΚΜ 16 ΚΟΗΤΘΜΗθρΕ ΜΜΘΘΤΟΑ UeHTpanbHblM BblXOA, H0pe3 KOTOpbIM ΚΟΗΤΘΜΗβρ CB513aH c nonbīM cnycKHbiM οτβθροτμθμ Φμττμηγθ 20, 6naroAapa KOTopoMy BHyTpeHHflfl sacTb KOHTeMHepa ABMCTByeT KaK Tpy6xa BeHTypM. UeHTpanbHaa Tpy6a 12 pa3MeinaeTCfl tbkmm o6pa30M, ητο προχοΑΑ Ηθρθ3 BbixoA 17, cbomm hm>khmm KOHLIOM, OTKpbITbIM TOHHO, 0Ka3blBaeTCfl Β φΜΤΤΜΗΓΘ 20. >KMAKOCTb, noAaBaeMaa β κοητθμηθρ nepe3 βχοαηομ Tpy6onpoBOA 14 npM cooTBeTCTByiomeM οκοροοτΜ noTOKa, o6pa3yeT pe3epByap 21, M3 κοτοροτο ποα ΑΘΜΟΤΒΜΘΜ ΟΜΠ ΤΑΧΘΟΤΜ >KMAKOCTb BblT9K30T H0p03 BblXOA 17 M CnyCKHOe OTBepcTne Φμττμηγ3 20. BTopaa >KMAK0CTb μπμ ra3, nocTynaKDLAMe 4©pe3 Tpy6y 12, 6yAyT, 6naroAapa Tpy6xe BeHTypn, 3acacbiBaTbcn BAonb Tpy6bi 12 μ 3φφθκτΜΒΗ0 nepeMemMBaTbCfl μ χμακοοτβκ), nocTynatomeM nepe3 Tpy6onpoBOA 14. Tpy6a 12 ΜΜΘΘΤ ϋ4ΘΠΜ ΜΠΜ ΠθρφθρΜρθΒ3ΗΗΝΘ ΟΤΒθρΟΤΜΠ 22, ΠΟ ΚρθΜΗΘΜ Μθρθ, Β ΘΘ ΗΜ>ΚΗΘΜ nacTM TaK, ητο >κμακοοτβ Μ3 pe3epByapa 21 nocTynaeT b Tpy6xy BeHTypn, KaK Hepe3 Tpy6y, TaK m nepe3 βνχοαηοθ οτβθροτμθ 17. CTeneHb perynni_|MM ypoBHB pe30pByapa 21 3aBMCHT OT ΤΟΓΟ, KaK ΜΗΟΓΟ ΠθρφορθρΜΟΗΗΒΙΧ οτβθροτμμ 22 CTaHOBsrrca AOCTynHbiMM απα BbixoAa >kmakoctm npn noBbimeHMM ypoBHH b pe3epByape. 4
TaKMM o6pa30M, annapaTypa, npeACTaBneHHas Ha pnc. 1, npeAHa3HaneHa Ans ομθιαθημα >kmakoctm H3 nepBoro βηθαιηθγο ncTOMHUKa c ApyroiŽi >KMAKOCTbK) μπμ ra30M, H3 BToporo, οτπμηηογο, ncTOHHUKa βηθιαηθγο. Annapaiypa ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ HCn0Ab30BaTbCH B pa3HMHHblX BapnaHTaX KaK ΑΠ3 BBOAa ΧΜΜΜΗβΟΚΜΧ npUCaAOK, Tax μ απλ KanenbHOM noAanu Ao6aBOK b >KMAKOCTb.
Tun annapaiypbi, npeACTaBneHHOM Ha pnc. 2, npncnoco6neH αππ ομθιαθημα >khakocth n ra30o6pa3Hbix φ33, nponcxoAJUA9ro b oahom ΒχοΑΗίΑβΜ TeKyiAeM ποτοκΘ, m TaKMM o6pa30M, AeMCTByioiABM KaK roMoreHM3aiop. B nocneAyiomeM onMcaHMM annapaīypbi Ha pmc. 2 m 3 HMcneHHbie ο6ο3Η3ηθημπ, yxe Mcnonb30BaHHbie Arm onMcaHMS Ha pMC. 1, 6yAyT Mcnonb30BaHbi CHOBa Ans onMcaHMM aHanorMHHbix nacTei/L
Annapaiypa, npeACTaBneHHas Ha pmc. 2, oTnMnaeTcs ot tom, KOTOpas npeACTaBneHa Ha pmc. 1, τθμ, hto mctohhmkom TeKyiiļero noTOKa aπη ueHTpanbHOM Tpy6bi 12 SBnseTcs BepxHsa nacTb οοαθρ>κμμογο KOHTeMHepa. C stom penbīo Tpy6y ueHTpanbHyio ηθ ποαημμθκϊτ HaA βθρχημμ kohuom οτθηκμ 11 κοητθμηθρθ, ητο Π03Β0ΠΒΘΤ ocymecTBMTb ee co BTopbiM, cMeiueHHbiM ot LieHTpanbHOM ocm KOHTeMHepa, οτβθροτμθμ 25. Βτοροίί cy6KOHTeMHep 26 αμπμηαρμηθοκομ φορΜΝ μ MeHbiueM απμημ μ AnaMeTpa, ηθμ ochobhom κοητθμηθρ m nepe3 KOTopbiii προχοαμτ ΒΧΟΑΗΟΜ Tpy6onpOBOA 14 CMOHTMpOBaH Ha ΒθρΧΗΘΜ H3CTM ΟΤΘΗΚΜ 11, Μ ΟΤΒΘρΟΤΜΘ 25 μ Tpy6a 12 CBS3aHbi c ημμ. >Κμακθα φΘ33 ΜΗ0Γ0φ33Η0Γ0 TeKyaļero noTOKa, nanonHsioiAas κοητθμηθρ 10 ΗΘΡΘ3 ΒΧΟΑΗΟΜ Tpy6onpOBOA 14, ΟΤρΘΜΜΤΟΗ ΠΟΑ ΑΘΜΟΤΒΜΘΜ ΟΜΠΝ ΤίΟΚΘΟΤΜ OTAenMTbca οτ ra3006pa3H0M φa3bl μ o6pa3yeT pe3epByap 21 μ ημ>κηθμ nacTM KOHTeMHepa. ra30Bas φ33Θ 33ημμβθτ βθρχηιοκ) nacTb κοητθμηθρθ ηθα noBepxHOCTbKD >κμακογο pe3epByapa. >KMAKas φ33θ BbixoAMT Μ3 pe3epByapa 21 ΗΘΡΘ3 CnyCKHOe ΟΤΒΘρΟΤΜΘ φΜΤΤΜΗΓΘ 20 ΠΟΑ ΑβΜΟΤΒΜΘΜ CMnbl ΤΑΧΘΟΤΜ Μ 3φφΘΚΤ Tpy6KM BeHTypM coctomt β tom, ητο ra3 Μ3 βθρχηθμ nacTM κοητθμηθρθ nepe3 οτΒΘροτΜΘ 25, cy6KOHTeMHep 26 μ L4eHTpanbHyio Tpy6y 12 nonaAaeT β Tpy6Ky BeHTypM. >KMAKas φΘ33 nocneAOBaTenbHO ομθιιιμββθτοπ ο >κμακομ φ33θίί, β pe3ynbTaTe ηθγο β cnycKHoe οτβθροτμθ Φμττμηγβ 20 nonynaK)T γομογθηηνμ μπμ ποητμ γθμογθηη^μ TeKyiAMM MaTepMan. Εοπμ μηογοΦα3ηβιμ τθ^ιαμμ ποτοκ, nocTynaioiAMM β κοητθμηθρ, npeACTaBnseT co6om yx<e γομογθηηημ μπμ ποητμ roMoreHHbiM MaTepMan, το β stom cnynae CMecb μο>κθτ Bbirpyx<aTbcs nepe3 cnycKHoe οτβθροτμθ Φμττμηγθ, KaK nepe3 BbixoA 17, TaK m Tpy6y 12. nonas φρ3κρΜΑ α. τθ^ηθγο MaTepMana, BbixoA?UAero M3 KOHTeMHepa 10, 33βμομτ ot pa3MepoB Tpy6KM BeHTypM, m mo>kho CAanaTb ηθ3θβμομμομ ee ot οδίΑΘΜ οκοροοτΜ noTOKa aj, ypOBHS >kmakoctm b κοητθμηθρθ m a6coniOTHoro AaBneHMS P. 5 LV 11070 (lpeflnono>KHB, hto b κοΗΤθίζΐΗθρΘ HaxoflflTCH KaK HeKOTOpaa >KHflKOCTb, TaK n HeKOTopbiii ra3, očmee nafleHne flaBneHna flna ra3oeoū u χμακοιλ φ33Μ αοπ>κηο 6biTb ORUHaKOBbiM, u nonaa φρΒκρκλ M3 KomeižiHepa μο>κθτ 6biTb paccMUTaHa Ha οοηοβθ cyMMapHoro ypaBHeHH*i: /απ .αχ2„2Γ0 + ξ(χ) l 2ffA ,-T(' a) Iļ
Pr ,2r(1 + ^G)
B KOTOpOM:
Aj - nnoLuaAb nonepeMHoro ceneHna KOHTeŪHepa;
Aa - nnomaflb nonepennoro οθηθημλ >kmakoctm b Tpy6i<e BeHTypn;
Aq - nnomaflb nonepBHHoro ceneHi/ia ra3a b Tpy6Ke BeHTypi/i; ξα - Κ03φφΜΐ4μΐθΗΤ οβίΜβίί noTepu jkhakoctm; ξ0 - κο3ΦΦμι41ίθητ o6meū noTepu ra3a;
Pa - nnoTHocTb >khakoctm;
Pq - nnoTHocTb ra3a; g - yflenbHbiii Bec. B ycnoBnax ycTaHOBMBiiierocfl noTOKa, cpeflHnīi pa3Mep nonoft φρ3κΐ4ΜΜ, yHocnMoPi H3 KOHTeiiHepa, 6yfleT paseH b cpeflHeM ποποϋ φρ3κΐ4ΚΜ, nocTynaK)meū b KOHTeŪHep. flna očecneHeHMfl οαηοβρθμθηηογο npncyTCTBna KaK >khakoctm, TaK m ra3a b KOHTeūHepe ripu nosbimeHnn ypoBH5i >khakocth yflo6HO cHM3HTb oTKanuBaHHe ra3osoū φρ3κΐ4Μκ n HaoāopoT, Mcnonb3ya απη 3tmx ueneii πθρφορΒρι/ΐοΗΗΗβ οτΒβροτί/ΐΗ b Tpy6e 12. ΠβρφθρΜρθΒ3ΗΗ3Α HaCTb Tpy6bi 22, T3KHM o6pa30M, AeūcTByeT KaK uiHTerpanbHbiii perynflTop, no3BormiomMŪ sapbupoBaTb nonyto φρΒκαΜίο. noAOupaa cooTBeTCTByioiAne pa3Mepbi Tpy6KU BeHTypn n οτβθροτμβ 25 b nacTn Tpy6bi 22 mo>kho AOCTMHb CMeiueHi/ifl c nioēbiMM >KenaeMbiMH napaMeTpaMU. B neKOTopbix cnyHaax ncnonb30BaHna annapaTypbi, npeACTaBneHHOū Ha pno. 2, ee npn xenaHHM mo>kho ncnonb30BaTb απη bboa2 TeKynnx AoSaBOK n r0M0reHH3Hp0BaHHblM ΠΟΤΟΚ, BblXOAfllAHŪ H3 φίΛΤΤΙ/ΙΗ^ 20, H 9T0 ΠβΓΚΟ AOCTUTaeTCB ripu ncnonb30BaHnn annapaTa, npeACTaBneHHoro Ha pno. 3.
AnnapaT, npeACTasneHHbiū Ha pnc. 3, ποχο>κ Ha o6opyAOBanne, npeACTaBneHHoe Ha puc. 2, ho oTnuHaeTca τθμ, hto C0Aep>KHT AononHHTenbHO Tpy6y 30, ycTaHOBneHHyio KoaKcnaabHO b Tpy6e 12. BHyTpeHHflfl Tpy6a 30 aoxoaht AO ΗΜΧΗβΓΟ KOHLļa Tpy6bl 12 H CB33blBaeTCB B ΟΒΟβΜ ΒθρΧΗβΜ KOHUe c hctohhukom Hy>KHbix >khakhx nnn ra30o6pa3Hbix AoāaBOK, KOTopbie 3acacbiBai0TCH b Φιίττμηγ Tpy6KM BeHTypn BMecTe c >kmakoū 0a3oū H3 pe3epByapa 21 n ra3006pa3H0Ū φθ3θϋ H3A HUM TaKUM OČpa30M, HTOČbl AOCTHmyTb 3φφβΚΤ14ΒΗΟΓΟ CMemeHUfl c 3twmh φ338ΜΜ. TaKaa BHyTpeHH?i9 Tpy6Ka, KaK Tpy5a 30, μο>κθτ 6biTb 6
AoSaBneHa κ annapaType, npeACTaBneHHOM Ha flpyrnx pncyHKax, b τθχ cnyHanx, Korfla ηθο6χοαμμο ocymecTBMTb ομθιαθημθ ηθ οαηογο, a HecKonbKMx TeKynnx MaTepnanoB c >KMAKOCTbK>, noAaBaeMOM nepe3 βχοαηομ Tpy6onpoBon 14. B HBKOTopbix cnyHayix Mcnonb30BaHMB annapaiypbi, npeACTaBneHHOM Ha pnc. 1,2 n 3, SbiBaeT xenaTenbHo npoBOflUTb μ3μθρθημθ ποτοκοβ TeKynnx Maiepnanos, npoxofliuunx nepe3 annapaTypy, b TaKOM cnynae annapaiypa μο>κθτ 6biTb οοθαμηθη3 c pacnonaraKJiuMMCfl ημχθ no τθηθημκ) ρθΟΜθτροΜ (pacxoAOMepoM). Οαη3κο, nocKonbKy Ka>KAafi pa3H0BHAH0db annapaiypbi βκπιοηαθτ Tpy6Ky BeHTypn, npn6opbi, KOTopbie mop/t 6biTb BbiāpaHbi pņn μ3μθρθημα ποτοκοβ 3aBHCAT ot naAeHMA αββπθημα, κοτοροΘ μμθθτ μθοτο b Tpy6Ke BeHTypn h ot bo3mo>khocth KaK πθγκο nx mo>kho BdponTb b annapaiypy απβ CMemeHna. TaK, cxBMaTHHecKH noKa3aHO TonbKO Ha pnc. 2, χοτα μο>κθτ 6biTb ncnonb30BaHO m b annapaType, πρθαοτθβπθηηομ Ha pno. 1 h 3, Φμττμηγ 20 MOHTi/ipyeTCfl aKcnaribHO c paCnonO>KBHHblMH BbILUe M HH>KB ΤΘΗΘΗΜΑ AaTHMKaMM Α3ΒΠΘΗΜΗ ΜΠΜ MaHOMeTpaMU 40 n 41, KOTopbie 0nKcnpyKDT BbixoAHOM cMman, npBACTaBnsKDiunii AaBneHne TeKyu4ero Maiepnana. Βθρχημμ μθηομθτρ 40 pacnonaraiOT Ha βχοαθ b ropnoBHHy Tpy6xn BeHTypn, a asthmk 41 pacnonaraiOT b caMOM Tpy6Ke BeHTypn. BbixoAHbie AaHHbie c MaHOMBTpa nocTynatoT Ha τθχηοπογμηθοκοθ o6opyAOBaHne 44. Pacnono>KeHHbie Bbiuue μ ημ>κθ no τθηθημιο TeMnepaiypHbie astmu km 45 m 46 Tao+ce noABeAeHbi κ Φμττμηγυ 20 b eooTBBTCTBytoiAMx aKCManbHbix ποπο>κθημηχ, CBfl3aHHblX C ΠΟΠΟ>ΚΘΗΜΘΜ MaHOMeTpOB 40 Μ 41. BblXOAHbie, COOTBeTCTBytOLUMe
TeMnepaType asthmkob noAatOTca οτ AaTHMKOB 45 m 46 Ha MMKponpoueccop 50. BbixoAHbie CMrHanbi TBMnepaTypHbix asthmkob 45 m 46 o6pa6aTbiBaiOTCfl b MMKponpoueccope 50, KOTOpbiM nepeAaeT BbixoAHbie AaHHbie Ha αμοππθμ μ/μπμ 3anMCbiBaiomee ycTpoMCTBO 51, nnn κομπθηοθμμμ μθμθηθημμ b πποτηοοτμ, KOTopbie MoryT B03HMKHyTb b pe3ynbTaie TeMnepaTypHbix μθμθηθημμ. CMecb, npoTeKaioiAafl nepe3 Φμττμηγ 20 βκπιοηβθτ >KMAKyio m ra30Byio φ33Η, μ οκοροοτΜ MacconepeHoea OTA©nbHbix φθ3 MoryT 6biTb paccHMTaHbi b MMKponpoueccopHOM ycTpoīicTBe 50 npM noAane b ηθγο BbixoAHbix AaHHbix M3 ASHCMOMeTpa 52, b κθηθοτβθ κοτοροΓΟ μο>κθτ 6biTb Mcnonb30BaH α©ηομομθτρ mo6oro noAXOA«mero TMna, HanpMMep, αθηομομθτρη c Y- μπμ X- o6nyHeHMeM. Γ0M0reHM3Mp0BaHHaa npMpoAa TeKynero noTOKa β Φμττμηγθ 20 co3AaeT B03M0>KH0CTb nonyHeHMfl τοηηογο pe3ynbTaTa.
Xoth ynoMMHanocb o tom, hto TeKyHMM ποτοκ αβμχθτοα nepe3 annapaTypy, M3o6pax<eHHyio Ha pnc. 1, 2 m 3 ποα αβμοτβμθμ CMnbi τα>κθοτμ, ποτοκ μο>κθτ 6biTb ycKopeH μπμ C03ASH c noMOiAbio 6ycTepa 31 μπμ Hacoca, pacnonox<eHHoro ημ>κθ ΠΟ ΤΘΗΘΗΜΚ), ΠρθΑ0Τ3ΒΠΘΗΗΟΓΟ ΟΧΘΜΘΤΜΗΘΟΚΜ TOnbKO Ha pMC. 3, HO KOTOpbiM 7 LV 11070 mo)kho Τ3κ>κθ ucnonb30BaTb μ c annaparypoM, πρθαοτθβπθηηομ Ha pmc. 2 n 3, CMOHTupoBaB ero nojļ cnycKHbiM OTBepcTMBM nnn Tpy6K0ii BeHTypn φΐ/iTTMHra 20.
HacTO?imee Μ3ο6ρθτθημθ πρμμθηβθτοβ, b HacTHOCTM, ho ηθ MCKmoHMTenbHO, b Ηθφτ^Ηοίί npOMbinmeHHOCTn. HanpuMep, cbipaa Ηθφτ^ npeACTaBnafomaa cMecb ra3a, ΗΘφτι/ι n BOflbi, μο>κθτ 6biTb nponyLueHa sepe3 annapaiypy, npeflCTaBneHHyio Ha pnc. 2. flnfl ncnonb30BaHHfl b noflBOflHbix ycTaHOBKax, annapaiypa μοχθτ 6biTb 3aKilK3H9Ha B naTpOH 60, KaK 3T0 n0Ka3aH0 Ha puc. 4, HTOČbl MMBTb B03M0>KH0CTb ydaHOBHTb b oTKpbiTOM rH03fle 61 ctomkm, pacnono>KeHHOM Ha ycTaHOBKe. Γηθ3αο 61 μο>κθτ 6biTb CMOHTupoBaHO TaK, KaK sto noK3aHO Ha puc. 5 n 6, Ha KapKace BCnOMOraTenbHOI?! X-o6pa3HOM nOflCTaBKH 63, CO CTOpOHbl Πρ0ΤΜΒ0Π0Π0>ΚΗ0Μ pacnono>KeHnio KOHTponbHoro MOAyna 62, απα τογο, HToābi cnoco6cTBOBaTb 6anaHcnpoBKB KapKaca. llaTpoH 60 CHa6>KeH βθρχημμ, npoMe>KyTOHHbiM m ημχημμ ynnoTHHTenbHbiM npucnocočneHUBMH paBHoro AHaMeipa 64, 65 n 66, πρθαηβ3ηβηθηηβιμμ απη γκρθηπθΗΜΒ b ημχηθμ mbctm rH93Aa 61 c o6pa30BaHM9M paBHOMepHoro BHyTp9HH9rO ΠρΟφΜΠΑ. ΓΊΟΟΠΘ ΤΟΓΟ, KaK naTpOH BCTaBneH B ΓΗΘ3Α0 61, npOBOAflT aKTUBapnio ynnoTHHTenbHbix npMcnocoāneHMM c noMombfO rnApaBnunecKoro ΑΘΒΠΘΗΜ*. npOCTpaHCTBO M9>KAy ΒθρΧΗΜΜ M np0M9>KyT0HHblM ynn0THMT9nbHblMM npMcnoco6neHMHMM o6pa3yeT 3aMKHyiyK) BXOAHyio xaMepy c cbipoii Ηθφ^ιο, KOTopas 3aKaHHMBa9Tca nepe3 Tpy6onpoBOA 69, βχοαηιαμμ b οτβθροτμθ b οτθηκθ γηθ3Α3. I/I3 βχοαηομ KaMepbi Cbipaa ΗθφτΒ nocTynaeT β κοητθμηθρ 10 ομθομτθπλ μπμ roMoreHM3aTopa, Ηθρθ3 KOTopbiii OHa npoTOKaeT. Ημχηθθ ynnoTHMTenbH09 πρΜοποοοβπθΗΜθ 66 o6pa3yeT ημχημμ κοηθμ BbixoAHoii KaMepbi, b KOTopyto CMeiljaHHbIM M M3MepeHHblii ΠΟΤΟΚ CbipOM ΗθφΤΜ nOCTyna9T ΜΘΡ93 ΗΜΧΗΜΜ K0H9U φΜττΜΗΓθ 20 cMecuTBnbHOM annapaTypbi, μ M3 κοτοροϋ oh BbirpyxaeTCB c ΠρΟΤΜΒΟΠΟΠΟΧΗΟΜ CTOpOHbl ΗθρΘ3 ΟΤΒθρΟΤΜΘ Β ΟΤΘΗΚΘ ΓΗ93Α3 Β Tpy6onpOBOA 70. noAana θπθκτρο- μ γμαρ3βπμηθοκομ θηθργμμ κ naTpoHy 60 ocyiuecTBnfleTCH Ηθρ©3 COeAMHMTenbHbie npMCnOCOāneHMfl, ΒΚΠΙΟΜΘΙΟΙΑΜΘ OTBepCTM© Β OCHOBaHMM γηθ3Α3 μ coeAMHMTenbHbivi ujT9nc9rib 72, BbixoABiAMM Μ3 ημ>κηθγο KOHLļa naTpoHa, κοτοροίί BCTaenBKDT β οτβθροτμθ b npopecce ycTaHOBKM naTpoHa. HaA ΒθρΧΗΜΜ ynnoTHMTenbHbiM πρμοποοο6πθημθμ 64 naTpoH 60 μμθθτ οοθαμημτθπβηοθ 3βθηο 74, noepeACTBOM KOTOpOrO OH ΜΘΧΒΗΜΗΘΟΚΜ 3aKpennfl9TCfl Β ΒθρΧΗΘΜ HaCTM ΓΗΘ3Α3 ēonbmero AMaM9Tpa, H9M ημχηακ MacTb TH93Aa, m cnycKOByio uan0y 75, noepeACTBOM κοτοροίί oh onycKaeTca β γηθ3αο b npopecce ero ycTaHOBKM, m ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ 6blTb ΗΘΟδχΟΑΜΜΟ C nOMOLLļblO nOAbeMHMKa.
SneKTpOnpMBOAbl M TMApOnpMBOAbl COeAMHflIOT C ΠΘΤρΟΗΟΜ 60 C nOMOLUblO coeAMHMTenbHoro ujTencenB 72 μ θπθκτρμηθοκογο μ γμαρ3βπμηθοκογο MHTerpaTopa 76, pacnono>KeHHoro ποα ημχημμ ημχηθγο ynnoTHMTenbHoro npMcnocoūneHM* 66. 8 (laTpOH, npn ΗβοδχοβΜΜΟΟτκ, μο>κθτ BKfiKDMaTb 3arnyiuKy 80, KOTopas μοχθτ 6biTb pacnono>KeHa Bbiuie pacxoAOMepa KaK M3o6pa>KeHo Ha pncyHi<e, urnu ημ>κθ ero, coeanHeHUfl κ Heii nnyT ot MHTerpaTopa 76, Tax >Ke KaK n κ pacxoflOMepy, ecnn ToribKO 3arnyujKa ηθ μμθθτ μθχ3ημηθοκμ ynpaBnaeMoro KnanaHa. KoHTponbHbie n ΐ/ΐΗφορΜ3ΐ4ΐ/ΐθΗΗΒΐθ ci/irHaribi HanpaBnaioTCfl nepe3 uiTencenb 72 n HHTerpaTop 76 Me>Kny naipoHOM u KomponbHbiM MOflyneM 62 Ha X-o6pa3HoCi noflCTaBKe n sepe3 ueHTpanbHbiiži KaHari Ha npn6opbi κ KOHTponbHOMy nynbTy.
PacxoflOMep naipoHa 60 μ ΓΗΘ3ΑΟ 61 MOHTnpyK>T ημ>κθ (ποα) nonacTHoro KjianaHa X-o6pa3Hoii noflCTaBKM, c κοτοροίί oho CBfl3aH0 nocpeflCTBOM χθοτκογο coefluHeHMfl 0naHqa Tpy5Horo, TaK hto Cbipaa ηθΦτβ τθηθτ HenpepbiBHO M3 creona Ηθρ03 pacnpeflenmenbHbiii κ/ianaH n nonacTHbiii KnanaH κ naTpoHy m Hapyx<y κ TpaHcnopTHOMy Tpy6onpoBOfly s©pe3 coeflUHMTenbHoe 3βθηο οοηοβηογο CTOKa.
CnenyeT noHUMaib, hto AaHHoe n3o6peTeHne μο>κθτ 6biTb conocTaBneHO n ApyrnMn nyTAMn, οτπμηημμμ ot πρμβθαθηηογο b onncaHun. LV 11070
ΦΟΡΜΥΠΑ M30EPETEHMP 1. AnnapaTypa απα CMemeHna nnn roMoreHU3aunn >khakocth h, no Kpai/iHert Mepe, oflHOiŽi >KHAKOtži nnn ra30o6pa3Hoii cpeflbi, OTnunaioinaacii τθμ, hto c uenbto noBbiujeHna 3φφβκτΜΒΗθο™, οοαθρ>κμτ cocyfl (10) co βχοαομ (14) απα >khakoctm μ BbixoAOM (17) απλ >kmakoctm n3 pe3epByapa b cocyAe, Tpy6onpoBOA (20), BKaionaioinniļ Tpy6xy BeHTypn, CBA3aHHyio c βνχοαομ, h npoxoAHbie OTBepcTna (12; 12, 25, 26; 12, 30) απα noAani/i, no KpaMHeii Mepe, oahom >kmakom nnn ra30o6pa3Hoii cpeAbi b Tpy6onpoBOA (20) απ* CMeuieHna c >KHAKOCTbto b Tpy6Ke BeHTypn. 2. AnnapaTypa no n.1, OTnunaromajica τθμ, hto οοαθρ>κκτ M3Mepmenu CKOpocTn noTOKa, npoxoAflmero nepe3 Tpy6xy BeHTypn Tpy6onpoBOAa, BKmoMaKDuune astmuku AaBneHi/ia (40,41), pacnonoxeHHbie οοοτβθτοτβθηηο Ha βχοαθ b ropnOBMHy Tpy6xn BeHTypi/i n b ropnoBume, MUKponpoueccop (50), AΠΑ o6pa6oTKH BbixoAHbix AaHHbix AamuKOB, m Ancnneii n/nnn 3anncbiBatomee ycTpoiicTBO (51) απη npeACTaBneHM?) AaHHbix, nocTynaioiAnx n3 MUKponpoueccopa. 3. AnnapaTypa no n.2, omunaioiiļajiCB τθμ, hto cpeACTBa w3MepeHH* cKopocTM noTOKa cHa6x<eHbi α&τημκ3μμ (45,46) απλ onpeAeneHMa TeMnepaiypbi ποτοο Ha AaTHHKax AaBneHum (40,41) μ τθμ, hto MUKponpoueccop (50) o6pa6aTbiBaeT BbixoAHbie AaHHbie TeMnepaTypHbix AaTHHKOB m ncnonb3yeT nx απη KOMneHcaunn 3aBncaiAnx ot TeMnepaTypbi M3MeHeHnfi nnoTHOCTn.. 4. AnnapaTypa no nn. 2 nnn 3, ο τ π n h a ιο m a n c a τθμ, hto cpeACTBa n3MepeHH3 CKopocTH noTOKa C0AepxaT αθηομομθτρ (52), n τθμ, hto MUKponpoueccop (50) npon3BOAHT o6pa6oTKy BbixoAHbix AaHHbix AaTHHKOB AaBneHUB n AeHCnoMeTpa, paccHUTbiBaa ckopoctm MacconepeHOca ra3ooāpa3Hbix v\ >khakux φθ3 b Tpy6xe BeHTypu Tpy6onpoBOAa (20). 5. AnnapaTypa no nn.1, 2, 3 Unu 4, OTnunaiomaficfi τθμ, hto npoxoAHbie OTBepcTna (12, 25, 26) CBfl3biBatOT coAep>KHMoe cocyAa (10) HaA >kmakmm pe3epByapoM n Tpy6onpOBOA (20). 6. AnnapaTypa no nio6oMy H3 npeAiiiecTBytoiAi/ix nyHKTOB, OTni/inaiomaflca τθμ, hto npoxoAHbie OTBepcTH* (12, 30) ooecnenuBaKDT noAany, no KpaiiHeii Mepe, οαηογο >khakoto μπμ ra3oo6pa3Horo ποτοκθ, b Tpy5onpOBOA 20 H3 BHeUJHerO HCTOHHUKa ΜΠΜ ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ BHeiDHHX HCTOHHHKOB. 7. AnnapaTypa no n. 6, OTni/iHaiomaacfl τθμ, hto npoxOAHbie OTBepcTMfl BKniOHaiOT ABe pacTpy6Hbie Tpy6bi (12, 30), cB33biBaioiAMe c COOTBeTCTByK)lMMMM MCTOHHMKaMM >KMAKHX HAU Ta3006pa3HblX ΠΟΤΟΚΟΒ. 8. AnnapaTypa no nto6oMy H3 npeALuecTByiomMx nyHKTOB, oTnunaiomascfl τθμ, hto npoxoflHbie οτβθροτμα BKritonaioT, no Kpaūmeii Mepe, OflHy noflatomyK) Tpy6«y (12), npoxofliiiuyio nepe3 pe3epByap >khakoctm (21) n nMeKDiuy»o nep$opnpoBaHHbie OTBepCTi/ia μπμ menu (22) b Meciax, cooTBeTCTByKDUļnx pa3nnMH0M rny6nHe pe3epeyapa, aπα τογο, HTo6bi >KHAK0CTb M3 pe3epeyapa Morna nonaAaTb b noAatomyio Tpy6y (12) b κοπμηθοτβθ, θθβμοηιαθμ ot ypoBH?i >kmakocth pe3epsyapa takmm o6pa30M, htoču κάκ >κμακοοτβ, Tax m ra3 ocTaBanncb BHyTpn cocyAa (10). 9. AnnapaTypa no nio6oMy H3 npeAiuecTByioiAMX nyHKTOB, OTnuHaiomaacfl τθμ, hto Tpy6onposoA (20) 0BH3biBaeT βνχοαηιαιίι/ι ποτοκ co βχοαομ 6ycTepa nnn BcacbiBaioiAero Hacoca (31). 10. ΠοΑΒΟΑΗθΛ ycTaHOBKa, BKntonaioiAafl annapaTypy no nK)6oMy npeAAJecTByK)iueMy nyHKTy απη ομθαιθημη μπμ roMoreHM3aunn Cbipoii ΗθφτΜ m ra3a. 11. flOABOAHafl ycTanoBKa no n. 10, OTJiMHatomaflCfl τθμ, hto annapaTypa 3aKnioHeHa b naTpoH (60), BCTaBnaeMbiii b γηθ3αο (61) ycTaHOBKn, b κοτοροθ naTpoH μο>κθτ ycTaHaBnMBaTbCfl c ποβθρχηοοτμ o6opyAOBaHna m H3 κοτοροΓΟ oh μοχθτ 6biTb μθβπθηθη Hapyx<y. 12. ΠοΑΒΟΑΗΘΑ ycTaHOBKa no n. 11, OTnHHaioinaūCū τθμ, hto coabp>kht ynnoTHflioiAMe npwcnoco6neHMfl (64, 65, 66), pacnono>KeHHbie Me>KAy naTpoHOM (60) n γηθ3αομ (61), ynnoTHflioi4ee npwcnoco6neHne, o6pa3yK>iuee npneMHyKD KaMepy n KaMepy BbinycKa, CBfl3am-ibie οοοτβθτοτβθηηο co βχοαομ 14 u Tpy6onpoBOAOM 20 annapaTypbi. 13. noABOAHaa ycTaHOBKa no nn. 11 μπμ 12, OTnunaioiMaacfl τθμ, hto Βκηκ)Η3θτ ycTpoiicTBO (74) απ* 3aKpenneHna naTpoHa (60) b γηθ3αθ (61) nocne ero ycTaHOBKn b ηθμ, a TaK>Ke ycTpowcTBO απα OKa3aHMfl B03AeiicTBMA Ha ynnoTHflioiAMe npncnoco6neHMfl (64, 65, 66) nocpeACTBOM rnApaBnunecKoro AaBneHUfl. 14. noABOAHaa ycTaHOBKa no nn. 11, 12 nnw 13, OTnunatomasca τθμ, hto coAep>KHT sneKTpunecKue n/nnn rnApaBnunecKue cpeACTBa οοθαμηθημη (72), pacnono>KeHHbie Me>KAy naTpoHOM (60) v\ ποαβοαηομ ycTaHOBKoii, cpeACTBa COeAUHeHUfl MOHTHpyiOTCfl T3K1/1M 06pa30M, HTOČbl HX 3$$eKTHBH0CTb HBMnaCb pe3ynbTaT0M ycTaHOBKn naTpoHa b γηθ3αο (61). 15. Cnocoč CMeujeHUH nnn roMoreHM3aunn >kmakocti/i h, no KpatiHeiži Mepe, οΑΗοίί >kmakom μπμ ra30o6pa3Hoii cpeAbi, OTnunaioiAniica τθμ, hto βκπκιηθθτ φορΜί/ΐροΒθΗΜθ pe3epByapa χμακοοτμ, ycTaHaBnnBaiOLunM ηοτοκ >khakocth H3 pe3epByapa nepe3 Tpy6«y BeHTypn m BKniOHaioiAnii, no «paiiHei/i LV 11070
Mepe, 0flHy TeKynyto cpeny b >KHflKMii ποτοκ απη ομθιιιθημα c >KUAKOCTbK> b Tpy6Ke Bemypn. 16. Cnocoā non. 15, OTnMHaioijļniica τθμ, ητο BKmonaeT CTaanK) M3MepeHM5ļ cicopocTM noTOKa TeKynei/i cpeflbi ΗΘρθ3 Tpy6Ky BeHTypn 3a οηθτ perucTpaum ι/13μθηθημα αββπθημα b Tpy6Ke BeHTypn. 17. Cnocoā non. 16, OTnunaioiniiūcii τθμ, ητο βκπιοηβθτ KOMneHcaunK) pa3MepoB noTOKa TeKyHeū cpenbi 3a οηθτ perucipaunu TeMnepaiypHbix Μ3ΜθΗθΗΐ/ιίί b Tpy6xe BeHTypw. 18. Cnocoā no nn. 17 μγιμ 16, omMHaioiHMŪcū τθμ, ητο βκπκ)Η3Θτ onpeneneHne οκοροοτΜ MacconepeHOca ra30Boii m >khakow φθ3 b TpyāKe BeHTypn 3a οηθτ Μ3ΜθρθΗΜ« πποτηοοτμ b Tpy6xe BeHTypM. 19. Cnocoā no ruoāoMy H3 nn. 15, 16, 17 mv\ 18, otji n h aio m n ii c a τθμ, ητο βκπιοηθθτ φορΜΜροΒθΗΜθ pe3epeyapa H3 CMeci/ι >khakoctm m TeKyneiŽi cpeAbi n oTcacbiBaHue τθ^ηθμ cpeAbi, ββθαθηηομ b ποτοκ >kmakoctm M3 npocTpaHCTBa HaA pe3epByapoM. 20. Cnoco6 no nio6oMy H3 nn. 15-19, ο τπ n h a io lli μ ϋ c λ τθμ, ητο BKnjonaeT ββθαθημθ κθχαογο TeKymero MaTepnana (cpeAbi) b ποτοκ >khakocth h3 ΒΗΘΙ1ΙΗΘΓΟ HCTOHHUKa. 21. Cnocoā no mo6oMy H3 nn. 15 - 20, ο τ π n h a io m μ w c α τθμ, ητο BKJiKDnaeT τθκοθ perynnpoBaHne noTOKa >khakoctm, BTeKaioiu,eii b pe3epeyap w BbiTeKatOLAeii H3 ηθγο, κοτοροΘ ποθβοπαθτ coxpaHfiTb ypoBeHb >khakoctm pe3epByapa. 22. Cnocoā non. 21, oTnunaiomniicfl τθμ, ητο BKntonaeT otcoc ra300āpa3H0Īi cpepbi H3 oāteMa HaA >khakhm pe3epeyapoM βμθοτθ c >KMAKocTbK) H3 pe3epeyapa b κοπμηθοτβθηηομ cooTHOLueHMU, 3aBncameM ot ypoBHH (myāi/iHbi) >KHAKoro pe3epByapa. LV 11070 ΡΕΦΕΡΑΤ >KnflKOCTb, noflaBaeMafl b cocyfl (10), o6pa3yeT pe3epByap (21), H3 κοτοροΓο OHa OTcacbiBaeTca Ηβρβ3 Tpy6Ky BeHTypn. noAaKimafl Tpy6a nnn Tpy6bi (12, 30) TpaHcnopTnpyK3T flpyrne >kmakoctm n/nnn ra3bi M3 OTflenbHbix mctohhmkob wnn u3 o6b>eMa Hafl jkmakmm pe3epByapoM b Tpy6Ky BeHTypn απλ CMemeHna c >KMAKocTbio. noAajoiAne Tpy6bi MoryT npoxoAWb nepe3 pe3epByap m 6biTb nepcpopupoBaHHbiMH (22) Arm noAAepxaHHfl ypoBHfl jkhakocth pe3epeyapa. C Tpy5KOīi BeHTypn cBB3aHbi paTMUKM paeneHna (40, 41) απλ H3MepeHMfi noTOKa n AeHCnoMeip, no3BonBK)LunM onpeAermTb cKopocTb MacconepeHoca ra30Bbix n >khakhx cf)a3. AnnapaTypa μο>κθτ 6biTb 33κπιοηθη3 b naipoH (60) απα ycTaHOBneHHfl b γηθ3αθ (61) ΠΟΑΒΟΑΗΟίί yCTaHOBKH.

Claims (22)

  1. LV 11070 IZGUDROJUMA FORMULA 1. Aparatūra šķidruma un vismaz vienas šķidrās vai gāzveida vides sajaukšanai vai homogenizācijai, kas atšķir 'as ar to,ka nolūkā paaugstināt efektivitāti tā satur trauku (10) ar ieeju (14) un izeju (17) šķidrumam no rezervuāra traukā, cauruļvadu (20) ar Venturi cauruli,kas ir savienota ar izeju,un ieejas caurumus (12;12,25,26;12,30) vismaz vienas šķidrās vai gāzveida vides padevei cauruļvadā (20) sajaukšanai ar šķidrumu Venturi caurulē.
  2. 2. Aparatūra saskaņā ar 1. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka tā satur plūsmas ātruma mērītājus cauruļvada Venturi caurulē ar spiediena devējiem (40,41), kas novietoti attiecīgi pie ieejas Venturi caurules sašaurinājumā un pašā sašaurinājumā, mikroprocesoru (50) devēju izejas datu apstrādei un displeju un/ vai pierakstīšanas ierīci (51) no mikroprocesora pienākošo datu attēlošanai.
  3. 3. Aparatūra saskaņā ar 2. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka plūsmas ātruma mērītājiem ir devēji (45,46) plūsmas temperatūras noteikšanai spiediena devējos (40,41), un ar to, ka mikroprocesors (50) apstrādā temperatūras devēju datus un tos izmanto, lai kompensētu no temperatūras atkarīgās blīvuma izmaiņas .
  4. 4. Aparatūra saskaņā ar 2. vai 3. punktu,k a s atšķiras ar to, ka plūsmas ātruma mērītāji satur areometru (52) un 2 ar to, ka mikroprocesors (50) veic spiediena devēju un areometra izejas datu apstrādi, nosakot gāzveida un šķidrās fāzes masas pārneses ātrumus cauruļvada 20 Venturi caurulē.
  5. 5. Aparatūra saskaņā ar 1.,2.,3. vai 4. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka ieejas caurumi (12,25,26) savieno trauka 10 virs šķidrā rezervuāra saturu un cauruļvadu (20).
  6. 6. Aparatūra saskaņā ar jebkuru no iepriekšējiem punktiem, kas atšķiras ar to, ka ieejas caurumi (12,30) nodrošina vismaz vienas šķidrās vai gāzveida plūsmas padevi cauruļvadā (20) no ārējā avota vai attiecīgi no ārējiem avotiem.
  7. 7. Aparatūra saskaņā ar 6. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to,ka ieejas caurumiem ir divas caurules (12,30) ar paplašinājumu, kas tos savieno ar attiecīgajiem šķidrās vai gāzveida plūsmas avotiem.
  8. 8. Aparatūra saskaņā ar jebkuru no iepriekšējiem punktiem, kas atšķiras ar to, ka ieejas caurumiem ir vismaz viena padeves caurulīte (12),kas izvadīta caur šķidruma rezervuāru (21) un kurai vietās,kas atbilst dažādam rezervuāra dziļumam, ir perforēti caurumi vai spraugas (22), lai šķidrums no rezervuāra varētu nonākt padeves caurulītē (12) apjomā, kas atkarīgs no šķidruma līmeņa rezervuārā tādā veidā, lai šķidrums un gāze paliktu traukā (10).
  9. 9. Aparatūra saskaņā ar jebkuru no iepriekšējiem punktiem, kas atšķiras ar to, ka cauruļvads (20) savieno izejošo plūsmu ar būstera vai sūcējsūkņa (31) ieeju.
  10. 10. Zemūdens iekārta, kas ietver aparatūru saskaņā ar jebkuru no iepriekšējiem punktiem jēlnaftas un gāzes sajaukšanai vai - 3 - LV 11070 homogenizācij ai.
  11. 11. Zemūdens iekārta saskaņā ar 10.punktu,k a s atšķiras ar to, ka aparatūra ietverta patronā (60), kuru var ievietot ligzdā (61) un izņemt ārā no iekārtas virspuses.
  12. 12. Zemūdens iekārta saskaņā ar 11.punktu,k a s atšķiras ar to, ka tā satur blīvēšnas ietaisi (64,65,66), kas atrodas starp patronu (60) un ligzdu (61) un veido ieejas kameru un izejas kameru, kas attiecīgi savienotas ar aparatūras cauruļvada 20 ieeju 14.
  13. 13. Zemūdens iekārta saskaņā ar 11. vai 12. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka tā ietver ierīci (74) patronas (60) nostiprināšanai ligzdā (61) pēc tās ievietošanas, kā arī ierīci, kas ar hidrauliskā spiediena palīdzību iedarbojas uz blīvēšanas ietaisi (64,65,66).
  14. 14. Zemūdens iekārta saskaņā ar 11.,12. vai 13.punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka tā satur elektriskās un/vai hidrauliskās savienošanas ietaises (72), kas novietotas starp patronu (60) un zemūdens iekārtu, turklāt šīs ietaises iemontētas tādā veidā, lai to efektivitāte pēc patronas ievietošanas ligzdā (61) pieaugtu.
  15. 15. Metode šķidruma un vismaz vienas šķidras vai gāzveida vides sajaukšanai vai homogenizācijai, kas atšķiras ar to, ka ir paredzēts izveidot šķidruma rezervuāu, kas izraisa šķidruma plūsmu no rezervuāra pa Venturi cauruli, un šķidruma plūsmā radīt vismaz vienu tecētspējīgu vidi, kas veicinātu šķidrumu sajaukšanos Venturi caurulē.
  16. 16. Metode saskaņā ar 15. punktu,k as atšķiras ar to, ka ir paredzēta tecētspējīgas vides ātruma mērīšanas stadija 4 Venturi caurulē, tajā reģistrējot spiediena izmaiņas.
  17. 17. Metode saskaņā ar 16. punktu,k as atšķiras ar to, ka ir paredzēta tecētspējIgās vides plūsmas apjoma kompensācija, reģistrējot temperatūras izmaiņas Venturi caurulē.
  18. 18. Metode saskaņā ar 17. vai 16. punktu, kas atšķiras ar to, ka Venturi caurulē ir paredzēta gāzveida un šķidrās fāzes masas pārneses ātruma noteikšana, izmērot to blīvumus.
  19. 19. Metode saskaņā ar 15.,16.,17. vai 18.punktu,k a s atšķiras ar to, ka ir paredzēts izveidot šķidruma un tecēt-spējīgās vides maisījuma rezervuāru un izsūknēt tecētspējīgo vidi, kas ievadīta šķidruma plūsmā no telpas virs rezervuāra.
  20. 20. Metode saskaņā ar jebkuru no 15. līdz 19. punktam, kas a t š i r a s ar to, ka ir paredzēts katru tecētspējīgo materiālu (vidi) ievadīt šķidruma plūsmā no ārēja avota.
  21. 21. Metode saskaņā ar jebkuru no 15. līdz 20. punktam, kas atšķiras ar to, ka ir paredzēts regulēt šķidruma plūsmu, kas nonāk rezervuārā un to atstāj, tādā veidā, ka šķidruma līmenis rezervuārā nemainās.
  22. 22. Metode saskaņā ar 21. punktu,k as atšķiras ar to, ka gāzveida vidi no rezervuāra telpas virs šķidruma izsūknē kopā ar rezervuāra šķidrumu proprcijā, kas atkarīga no šķidruma līmeņa (dziļuma) rezervuārā.
LVP-93-758A 1989-05-05 1993-06-29 Multipfase process mixing and measuring system LV11070B (en)

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EP0674249A1 (en) 1995-09-27
ATE189322T1 (de) 2000-02-15
ATE183832T1 (de) 1999-09-15
EP0424503A1 (en) 1991-05-02
ES2144544T3 (es) 2000-06-16
GB8910372D0 (en) 1989-06-21
EP0674249B1 (en) 2000-01-26
LTIP1778A (en) 1995-08-25
CA2032471C (en) 1999-04-06
DE69033440D1 (de) 2000-03-02
LT3894B (en) 1996-04-25
DK0674249T3 (da) 2000-04-17
DE69033258D1 (de) 1999-09-30
DE69033258T2 (de) 2000-01-05
WO1990013859A1 (en) 1990-11-15
DE69033440T2 (de) 2000-06-21
NO905611L (no) 1991-02-28
AU641649B2 (en) 1993-09-30
AU5532590A (en) 1990-11-29
LV11070A (lv) 1996-02-20
RU2093257C1 (ru) 1997-10-20
EP0424503B1 (en) 1999-08-25
NO302984B1 (no) 1998-05-11
CA2032471A1 (en) 1990-11-06
ES2137919T3 (es) 2000-01-01
BR9006760A (pt) 1991-08-06
US5135684A (en) 1992-08-04
NO905611D0 (no) 1990-12-28
DK0424503T3 (da) 1999-12-13

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