LU600833B1 - Arched tunnel structure and arched tunnel construction method - Google Patents
Arched tunnel structure and arched tunnel construction methodInfo
- Publication number
- LU600833B1 LU600833B1 LU600833A LU600833A LU600833B1 LU 600833 B1 LU600833 B1 LU 600833B1 LU 600833 A LU600833 A LU 600833A LU 600833 A LU600833 A LU 600833A LU 600833 B1 LU600833 B1 LU 600833B1
- Authority
- LU
- Luxembourg
- Prior art keywords
- arched
- pouring
- templates
- purlins
- curved
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
An arched tunnel structure and a construction method for an arched tunnel are provided. The arched tunnel structure includes support rods, jacks, arched beams, lower purlins, and curved lower templates. The jacks are supported by the support rods. Each arched beam is supported by multiple jacks. Each lower purlin is supported by arched beams. The curved lower templates are supported by the lower purlins and form an arched lower pouring surface. During pouring concrete, the forces acting on the lower pouring surface are distributed to the multiple lower purlins, then to the multiple arched beams, and finally to each jack, with the length trajectories of the lower purlins perpendicular to the length trajectories of the arched beams, enabling the lower pouring surface to maintain its arched shape. The arched tunnel structure and construction method result in a smoother surface and more aesthetically pleasing curvature for the arch crown after pouring.
Description
DESCRIPTION LU600833
ARCHED TUNNEL STRUCTURE AND ARCHED TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION
METHOD
The present application relates to the field of tunnel construction, specifically to an arched tunnel structure and a construction method for an arched tunnel.
BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY
Currently, when constructing arched tunnels, the arch crown is formed by assembling multiple small-area square templates into an arched surface and then pouring concrete.
However, since square templates inherently lack curvature, the resulting arch crown is not sufficiently round. Moreover, during the pouring process, the high pressure from liquid concrete can cause the assembled arched templates to deform or even crack. This further leads to poor curvature in the final poured arch crown, with a distorted arch shape and rough surface, ultimately resulting in suboptimal forming quality of the arch crown.
In view of the above problem, it is necessary to provide an arched tunnel structure and a construction method for an arched tunnel that can improve the forming quality of the tunnel arch crown, resulting in a smoother surface and more aesthetically pleasing curvature after pouring.
An embodiment of the present application provides an arched tunnel structure, the arched tunnel structure comprises a plurality of support rods, a plurality of jacks, a plurality of arched beams, a plurality of lower purlins, and a plurality of curved lower templates.
The plurality of jacks supported by the plurality of support rods. The plurality of archadJ600833 beams arranged at intervals along a longitudinal direction of the arched tunnel, each of the plurality of arched beams being supported by the plurality of jacks. The plurality of lower purlins extending along a longitudinal direction of the arched tunnel, the plurality of lower purlins being arranged at intervals along a length trajectory of the arched beams, each of the plurality of lower purlins being supported by the arched beams. The plurality of curved lower templates supported by the plurality of lower purlins, the plurality of curved lower templates being assembled to form an arched lower pouring surface, and the lower pouring surface being located on the side of the curved lower templates facing away from the lower purlins. When pouring concrete, the forces acting on the lower pouring surface are distributed to the length trajectories of the plurality of lower purlins, then to the length trajectories of the plurality of arched beams, and then to each jack, the length trajectories of the lower purlins is perpendicular to the length trajectories of the arched beams, enabling the lower pouring surface to maintain arched shape during pouring.
When pouring the concrete to the arched tunnel structure, the concrete is supported by the lower pouring surface, which experiences surface forces. These forces are distributed to the length trajectories of the multiple lower purlins, converting surface forces into longitudinal line forces. The forces on the lower purlins are then distributed to the length trajectories of the multiple arched beams, converting longitudinal line forces into transverse line forces. Finally, the forces on the arched beams are distributed to each jack, converting transverse line forces into point forces. This three-level force distribution ensures more even dispersion of forces, preventing excessive stress concentration and avoiding deformation or cracking of the curved lower templates. As a result, the lower pouring surface consistently maintains its arched shape during pouring, yielding a smoother surface and more aesthetically pleasing curvature for the arch crown after pouring.
In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure further includes a plurality of curved upper templates and a plurality of upper ribs.
The curved upper templates can be spliced together to form an arched upper pouringJ600833 surface, located above the lower pouring surface, with the space between the lower and upper pouring surfaces used for pouring concrete. Each upper rib extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the plurality of upper ribs are arranged at intervals along the width trajectory of the upper pouring surface. The upper ribs are located on the side of the curved upper templates facing away from the curved lower templates, and the curved upper templates are fixed to the upper ribs.
In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure further includes a plurality of tie rods, each passing through the curved upper templates and curved lower templates to limit the distance between them.
In some embodiments, the curved upper template at the topmost part of the upper pouring surface is provided with a pouring hole, which connects the space between the curved upper templates and curved lower templates to allow concrete pouring.
In some embodiments, the top of the jack is provided with at least two parallel tubes extending along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The jack contacts and supports the topmost part of the lower surface of the arched beam through the tubes. A wedge block is placed on top of the tubes, and the jack contacts and supports the non-topmost part of the lower surface of the arched beam through the inclined surface of the wedge block.
In some embodiments, some of the plurality of support rods are arranged vertically, with jacks provided at the top ends of these vertically arranged support rods. Some of the plurality of support rods are arranged horizontally along the transverse direction of the tunnel, with jacks provided at opposite ends of these horizontally arranged support rods.
Some of the plurality of support rods are arranged in a cross pattern along the transverse direction of the tunnel, with jacks provided at the top ends of these cross-arranged support rods.
In some embodiments, the plurality of arched beams is arranged at intervals of a first distance, and the plurality of lower ribs are arranged at intervals of a second distance, with the second distance being smaller than the first distance.
In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure further includes two side wall&/600833 and a plurality of triangular brackets. The two side walls extend along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the arched beams are located above and between the two side walls. Each side wall's opposing side is provided with multiple triangular brackets, which are used to support the plurality of support rods.
In some embodiments, the lower ribs are rectangular-section pine wood, and the curved lower templates are fixed to the lower ribs.
An embodiment of the present application also provides an arched tunnel construction method for constructing the arched tunnel structure described in any of the above embodiments. The method includes: pouring a concrete cushion layer, laying waterproofing membrane on the concrete cushion layer, and pouring a waterproof layer on the waterproofing membrane to form a working surface; pouring a base slab and short side walls on both sides of the base slab on the working surface; pouring side walls on top of the two short side walls; erecting multiple support rods; installing jacks at the ends of the multiple support rods; supporting multiple arched beams on the multiple jacks; splicing multiple curved lower templates to form the lower pouring surface, fixing the curved lower templates to the lower ribs during splicing to integrate the lower ribs and curved lower templates, and supporting the integrated lower ribs and curved lower templates on the arched beams; pouring concrete on the lower pouring surface to form the arch crown, with both sides of the arch crown connected to the two side walls; laying a protective layer on the outer surfaces of the base slab, side walls, and arch crown, and backfilling with gravel outside the protective layer.
The above arched tunnel construction method similarly allows the force on the lower pouring surface to be distributed to the length trajectories of the multiple lower ribs, converting surface stress into longitudinal line stress. The stress on the lower ribs is then distributed to the length trajectories of the multiple arched beams, converting longitudinal line stress into transverse line stress. The stress on the arched beams is further distributed to each jack, converting transverse line stress into point stress.
Through this three-level stress distribution, the force is more evenly dispersedu600833 avoiding excessive stress concentration and preventing deformation or cracking of the curved lower templates. This ensures that the lower pouring surface maintains its arched shape more effectively during pouring, resulting in a smoother surface and more aesthetically pleasing curvature for the arch crown after pouring.
Figure 1 is a flowchart of a construction method for an arched tunnel to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the construction of the arched tunnel after completing step S1 of the construction method in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the construction of the arched tunnel after completing step S2 of the construction method in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the construction of the arched tunnel after completing step S3 of the construction method in Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the construction of the arched tunnel after completing step S9 of the construction method in Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the construction of the arched tunnel after completing step S10 of the construction method in Figure 1.
Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the arched tunnel structure to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 8 is a structural diagram of arched beams and lower purlins to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 9 is a structural diagram of arched beams and lower purlins to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENT SYMBOLS LU600833 arched tunnel structure: 100 support rod: 10 jack: 20 tube: 21 wedge block: 22 arched beam: 30 lower purlin: 40 curved lower template: 50 curved upper template: 60 pouring hole: 61 upper purlin: 70 rebar: 71 tie rod: 80 round tube: 81 curved plate: 82 triangular bracket: 90 arched tunnel construction method: 200 working plane: 210 base slab: 220 short side wall: 230 side wall: 240 arch crown: 250
; protective layer: 260 LU600833 temporary working platform: 270
The technical solutions of the present application are described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only a portion of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of them.
It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be an intermediate component.
When a component is said to be "connected" to another component, it may be directly connected or there may be an intermediate component. When a component is said to be "disposed on" another component, it may be directly disposed on the other component or there may be an intermediate component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are configured for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The term "vertical" describes an ideal state between two components. In actual production or use, an approximate vertical state may exist between two components. For example, with numerical description, "vertical" may refer to an angle between two straight lines ranging from 90° + 10°, a dihedral angle between two planes ranging from 90° + 10°, or an angle between a straight line and a plane ranging from 90° + 10°. The two components described as "vertical" may not be absolutely straight lines or planes; they may be approximately straight or planar, and their overall extension direction can be considered a straight line or plane from a macroscopic perspective.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field of the present application.
The terms used in the specification of the present application are for the purpose 00600833 describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present application.
The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.
Currently, when constructing arched tunnels, the arch crown is formed by assembling multiple small-area curved templates into an arched surface and then pouring concrete.
However, during pouring, the high pressure from liquid concrete can cause the assembled curved templates to deform or even crack, resulting in poor curvature of the final poured arch crown, with a distorted arch shape and rough surface, ultimately leading to suboptimal forming quality of the arch crown.
In view of this, it is necessary to provide an arched tunnel structure and a construction method for an arched tunnel that can improve the forming quality of the tunnel arch crown, resulting in a smoother surface and more aesthetically pleasing curvature after pouring.
The arched tunnel structure includes a plurality of support rods, a plurality of jacks, a plurality of arched beams, a plurality of lower purlins, and a plurality of curved lower templates. The jacks are located at the ends of the support rods and supported by the support rods. The plurality of arched beams are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, with each arched beam supported by multiple jacks.
Each lower purlin extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the plurality of lower purlins are arranged at intervals along the length trajectory of the arched beams, with each lower purlin supported by at least two adjacent arched beams. The plurality of curved lower templates are supported by the lower purlins and assembled to form an arched lower pouring surface, which is located on the side of the curved lower templates facing away from the lower purlins. During pouring, the forces acting on the lower pouring surface are distributed to the length trajectories of the multiple lower purlins, then to the length trajectories of the multiple arched beams, and finally to each jack. The length trajectories of the lower purlins are perpendicular to the length trajectories of the arched beams, enabling the lower pouring surface to maintain its arched shape during pouring.
In the above arched tunnel structure, during pouring, the concrete is supported by the lower pouring surface, which experiences surface forces.
These forces are distributed to the length trajectories of the multiple lower purlinsU600833 converting surface forces into longitudinal line forces. The forces on the lower purlins are then distributed to the length trajectories of the multiple arched beams, converting longitudinal line forces into transverse line forces. Finally, the forces on the arched beams are distributed to each jack, converting transverse line forces into point forces. This three- level force distribution ensures more even dispersion of forces, preventing excessive stress concentration and avoiding deformation or cracking of the curved lower templates.
As a result, the lower pouring surface consistently maintains its arched shape during pouring, yielding a smoother surface and more aesthetically pleasing curvature for the arch crown after pouring.
The following provides a detailed description of some embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings. Unless conflicting, the embodiments and features described below can be combined with each other.
Referring to Figures 1, 5, 7, and 8, one embodiment of the present application provides an arched tunnel structure 100 and a construction method for an arched tunnel 200. The construction method 200 is used to build the arched tunnel structure 100, which is used to form the arch crown of an arched tunnel by pouring concrete. The arched tunnel structure 100 includes a plurality of support rods 10, a plurality of jacks 20, a plurality of arched beams 30, a plurality of lower purlins 40, and a plurality of curved lower templates 50. The plurality of support rods 10 are staggered and erected within the tunnel's foundation pit to form a support framework. Jacks 20 are installed at the ends of some support rods 10 and are used to contact the arched beams 30, enabling the support rods to support the arched beams 30. The plurality of arched beams 30 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, with the length of each arched beam 30 extending along the tunnel’s cross-sectional direction, and each arched beam is supported by multiple jacks 20. Each lower purlin 40 extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, with the length trajectory of the lower purlin 40 perpendicular to the length trajectory of the arched beam 30. The plurality of lower purlins 40 are arranged at intervals along the length trajectory of the arched beams 30, positioned above the arched beams 30, and each lower purlin 40 is supported by at least two adjacent arched beams 30.
The plurality of curved lower templates 50 are located above and supported by theJ600833 lower purlins 40 and can be assembled to form an arched lower pouring surface, which is located on the side of the curved lower templates 50 facing away from the lower purlins 40, i.e., facing upward.
During pouring, the concrete is supported by the lower pouring surface, which experiences surface forces. These forces are distributed to the length trajectories of the multiple lower purlins 40, converting surface forces into longitudinal line forces. The forces on the lower purlins 40 are then distributed to the length trajectories of the multiple arched beams 30, converting longitudinal line forces into transverse line forces. Finally, the forces on the arched beams 30 are distributed to each jack 20, converting transverse line forces into point forces. This three-level force distribution ensures more even dispersion of forces, preventing excessive stress concentration and avoiding deformation or cracking of the curved lower templates 50. As a result, the lower pouring surface consistently maintains its arched shape during pouring, yielding a smoother surface and more aesthetically pleasing curvature for the arch crown after pouring.
To better maintain the arch shape at the tunnel’s top, the plurality of arched beams are arranged at intervals of a first distance, and the plurality of lower purlins 40 are arranged at intervals of a second distance, where the second distance is smaller than the first distance. This allows more lower purlins 40 to be distributed on each arched beam 30, enabling the lower purlins 40 to distribute forces more evenly to the arched beams 30, resulting in a more uniform force distribution on the arched beams 30. Additionally, during pouring, the pressure from the concrete may flatten the curvature of the curved lower templates 50 between two adjacent lower purlins 40. According to the principles of calculus, even if the curvature of the curved lower templates 50 is flattened, the closer the distance between adjacent lower purlins 40, the more aesthetically pleasing the arch shape of the lower pouring surface will be. Based on extensive field experience, setting the second distance to one-fifth of the first distance achieves the most aesthetically pleasing arch shape after pouring while optimizing material and labor costs. As an illustrative example, the plurality of arched beams 30 are spaced 75 cm apart, and the plurality of lower purlins 40 are spaced 15 cm apart.
Referring to Figures 5 and 7, in some embodiments, the arched tunnel structut&600833 100 further includes a plurality of curved upper templates 60 and a plurality of upper purlins 70. The plurality of curved upper templates 60 can be assembled to form an arched upper pouring surface, located above the lower pouring surface, with the space between the lower pouring surface and the upper pouring surface configured for pouring concrete. Each upper purlin 70 extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the plurality of upper purlins 70 are arranged at intervals along the width trajectory of the upper pouring surface. The upper purlins 70 are located on the side of the curved upper templates 60 facing away from the curved lower templates 50, i.e., above the curved upper templates 60. The curved upper templates 60 are fixed to the upper purlins 70, and the upper purlins 70 are secured in position by binding rebar 71 on their back side. During pouring, the upper pouring surface transfers surface forces to the upper purlins 70, converting surface forces into line forces, thus dispersing the forces. Since the forces on the upper pouring surface are smaller than those on the lower pouring surface, the upper purlins 70, once bound with rebar 71, can withstand the dispersed forces without requiring further force distribution, avoiding unnecessary material and labor costs.
In some embodiments, the lower purlins 40 and upper purlins 70 are rectangular- section pine wood. The curved lower templates 50 are nailed to the lower purlins 40, integrating the multiple curved lower templates 50 with the multiple lower purlins 40. This allows the lower purlins 40 to rest on the arched beams 30 without needing to fix the curved lower templates 50 directly to the arched beams 30, improving construction efficiency. Similarly, the curved upper templates 60 are nailed to the upper purlins 70, integrating the multiple curved upper templates 60 with the multiple upper purlins 70. The upper purlins 70 are secured in position by binding rebar 71 on their back side, fixing the curved upper templates 60 and also enhancing construction efficiency.
In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure 100 further includes a plurality 00600833 tie rods 80. Each tie rod 80 passes through the arched beam 30, curved upper template 60, and curved lower template 50 and is used to restrict the distance between the curved upper template 60 and the curved lower template 50, preventing expansion and cracking during pouring. Since the tie rod 80 needs to contact the curved surface at the bottom of the arched beam 30, the arched tunnel structure 100 further includes a curved plate 82 and two round tubes 81. The bottom end of the tie rod 80 presses against the curved surface via the curved plate 82 and two round tubes 81 i.e., double-assembled steel tubes.
The round tubes 81 extend along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the curved plate 82 presses the sidewalls of the two round tubes 81 against the bottom of the arched beam 30. The sidewalls of the two round tubes 81 make line contact with the curved surface at the bottom of the arched beam 30, providing a pulling effect. Similarly, the top end of the tie rod 80 needs to contact the curved top surface of the rebar 71. Thus, the curved plate 82 presses the sidewalls of the two round tubes 81 against the top surface of the rebar 71, and the sidewalls of the two round tubes 81 make line contact with the curved top surface of the rebar 71, achieving a secure pulling effect.
In some embodiments, the curved upper template 60 located at the topmost part of the upper pouring surface is provided with a pouring hole 61. The pouring hole 61 extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and connects the space between the curved upper templates 60 and the curved lower templates 50 to facilitate concrete pouring.
In some embodiments, the top of the jack 20 is provided with at least two parallel tubes 21, each tube 21 extending along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. If the jack directly supports the arched beam 30 radially along the curved surface at its bottom, the jack 20 only needs to contact and support the lower surface of the arched beam 30 via the tubes 21. For example, a vertical jack 20 supports the topmost part of the arched beam 30 via the tubes 21, or an inclined jack 20 supports a non-topmost part of the arched beam 30 via the tubes 21. If the jack 20 cannot directly and fully contact the lower surface of the arched beam 30 via the tubes 21, for instance, when a vertical jack 20 supports a non-topmost part of the arched beam 30, a wedge block 22 is placed on top of the tubes 21. The jack 20 contacts and supports the lower surface of the arched beam 30 via the inclined surface of the wedge block 22.
There are multiple types of wedge blocks 22, each with a different inclination angleU600833 and each jack 20 selects the required wedge block 22 based on its position, ensuring the inclined surface of the wedge block 22 fully contacts the lower surface of the arched beam 30, thereby stably supporting the arched beam 30. In other embodiments, the wedge block 22 has a curved surface instead of an inclined surface, which fully contacts the lower surface of the arched beam 30, allowing the wedge block 22 to more effectively disperse forces and further enhance the stability of the arched beam 30.
As an illustrative example, when the jack 20 directly contacts the arched beam 30 via the tubes 21, the tubes 21 have a circular cross-section, forming line contact with the arched beam 30 for stable contact. When the jack 20 contacts the arched beam 30 via the wedge block 22, the tubes 21 have a square cross-section to fully contact the flat bottom surface of the wedge block 22, enhancing the stability of the wedge block 22.
In some embodiments, some of the plurality of support rods 10 are arranged vertically, with jacks 20 provided at the top ends of these vertically arranged support rods 10. Some of the plurality of support rods 10 are arranged horizontally along the transverse direction of the tunnel, with jacks 20 provided at opposite ends of these horizontally arranged support rods 10, both ends’ jacks 20 being used to support the arched beams 30. Some of the plurality of support rods 10 are arranged in a cross pattern along the transverse direction of the tunnel, forming transverse scissor braces, with jacks 20 provided at the top ends of these cross-arranged support rods 10.
In some embodiments, the curved lower templates 50 are custom-made curved wooden templates with a thickness of 1.5 cm, the arched beams 30 are 114 steel |-beams, and the lower purlins 40 are 5 cm x 10 cm square timber, with the plurality of lower purlins spaced 15 cm apart. Similarly, the curved upper templates 60 are custom-made curved wooden templates with a thickness of 1.5 cm, the upper purlins 70 are 5 cm x 10 cm square timber, and the plurality of upper purlins 70 are also spaced 15 cm apart. The rebar 71 consists of double-assembled ¢32 rebar binding the upper purlins 70, arranged transversely along the tunnel and spaced 75 cm apart.
In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure 100 further includes two side walls 240 and a plurality of triangular brackets 90.
The two side walls 240 extend along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and th&J600833 arched beams 30 are located above and between the two side walls 240. The opposing sides of each side wall 240 are provided with multiple triangular brackets 90, which assist in supporting the plurality of support rods 10 to enhance their strength and stability.
Referring to Figures 8 and 9, in some embodiments, each lower purlin 40 on the plurality of arched beams 30 consistently extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, i.e., each lower purlin 40 spans all the arched beams 30 for ease of construction design. In other embodiments, not all lower purlins 40 consistently extend along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; the lower purlins 40 on opposite sides of some arched beams 30 are staggered. This ensures that when a lower purlin 40 cannot extend further due to insufficient length, the lower purlin 40 on the other side has sufficient area to contact the arched beam 30, preventing the ends of the lower purlins 40 on both sides from crowding at the same point on the arched beam 30, thus improving stability.
Referring to Figures 1 to 6, in some embodiments, the construction method for an arched tunnel 200 includes:
S1: Pour a concrete cushion in the tunnel foundation pit, lay waterproofing membrane on the concrete cushion, and pour a waterproof layer on the waterproofing membrane to form a working plane 210, as shown in Figure 2;
S2: Pour a base slab 220 and short side walls 230 on both sides of the base slab 220 on the working plane 210, as shown in Figure 3;
S3: Pour side walls 240 on top of the two short side walls 230, as shown in Figure 4;
S4: Erect multiple support rods 10, as shown in Figure 5;
S5: Install jacks 20 at the ends of the multiple support rods 10, as shown in Figure 5;
S6: Support multiple arched beams 30 on the multiple jacks 20, as shown in Figures 5and 7;
S7: Assemble multiple curved lower templates 50 to form the lower pouring surface, fixing the curved lower templates 50 to the lower purlins 40 during assembly to integrate the lower purlins 40 and curved lower templates 50, and support the integrated lower purlins 40 and curved lower templates 50 on the arched beams 30, as shown in Figures 5and 7;
S8: Assemble multiple curved upper templates 60 above the lower pouring surfad&J600833 to form the upper pouring surface, as shown in Figures 5 and 7;
S9: Pour concrete between the lower pouring surface and the upper pouring surface to form an arch crown 250, with both sides of the arch crown 250 connected to the two side walls 240, as shown in Figure 5;
S10: Lay a protective layer 260 on the outer surfaces of the base slab 220, side walls 240, and arch crown 250, and backfill with gravel outside the protective layer 260, as shown in Figure 6.
In some embodiments, the concrete cushion is a 5 cm thick fine stone concrete cushion, and the waterproof layer is a 5 cm thick fine stone waterproof protective layer.
This ensures the working plane 210 provides a leak-free connection between the engineering foundation and the structure, serving as the first waterproof barrier of the entire project to resist external rainwater and groundwater infiltration.
In some embodiments, after completing the working plane 210, the base slab rebar is bound, short side wall templates are installed, water-stop steel plates are set, and then the base slab 220 and short side walls 230 are poured. The height of the short side walls 230 is preferably set to a range of 200-300 mm from the base slab 220, using C35P10 impermeable concrete.
In some embodiments, after the concrete strength of the short side walls reaches the required level, surface roughening is performed, and side wall rebar is bound. Before binding the side wall rebar, temporary working platforms 270 are erected on both sides of the short side walls 230 to facilitate template installation by construction personnel. The side wall templates are reinforced with main purlins, using vertical 50 x 50 x 3 mm square steel tubes spaced 150 mm apart, supplemented by two rows of transverse double- assembled 48 mm x 3 mm straightening steel tubes. M14 tie rods are used with a spacing of 450 x 450 mm for pulling. The support frame is erected using a 600 x 600 x 900 mm steel tube scaffold. After reinforcement, the side wall concrete is poured to form the side walls 240.
In some embodiments, after pouring the side walls 240, the side wall templates are removed, and the arch crown support system is erected.
The support rods 10 use 600 x 600 x 900 mm steel tubes, and all vertical rods at&J600833 supplemented with horizontal scissor braces, longitudinal scissor braces, and transverse scissor braces during erection to further ensure the stability of the frame.
In some embodiments, when pouring the arch crown concrete, layered symmetrical pouring is performed, with each layer’s pouring height not exceeding 40 cm. An insertion vibrator is configured for uniform compaction to improve pouring quality.
In some embodiments, the protective layer 260 consists of 0.5 mm thick self- adhesive waterproofing membrane and brick template, providing protective functionality.
In some embodiments, for tunnel testing, a concrete tunnel structure is typically poured in a laboratory using the arched tunnel structure 100 and construction method 200 of the present application for indoor experimental use. The overall dimensions of this tunnel are smaller than those of an actual tunnel in use. Additionally, the arched tunnel structure 100 and construction method 200 of the present application are suitable for tunnel structures constructed using the open-cut method.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application and are not intended to limit it. As long as they fall within the essential spirit of the present application, appropriate modifications and variations to the above embodiments are within the scope of disclosure of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An arched tunnel structure comprising: a plurality of support rods; a plurality of jacks supported by the plurality of support rods; a plurality of arched beams arranged at intervals along a longitudinal direction of the arched tunnel, each of the plurality of arched beams being supported by the plurality of jacks; a plurality of lower purlins extending along a longitudinal direction of the arched tunnel, the plurality of lower purlins being arranged at intervals along a length trajectory of the arched beams, each of the plurality of lower purlins being supported by the arched beams; and a plurality of curved lower templates supported by the plurality of lower purlins, the plurality of curved lower templates being assembled to form an arched lower pouring surface, and the lower pouring surface being located on the side of the curved lower templates facing away from the lower purlins; wherein when pouring concrete, the forces acting on the lower pouring surface are distributed to the length trajectories of the plurality of lower purlins, then to the length trajectories of the plurality of arched beams, and then to each jack, the length trajectories of the lower purlins is perpendicular to the length trajectories of the arched beams, enabling the lower pouring surface to maintain arched shape during pouring.
2. The arched tunnel structure of claim 1 further comprises a plurality of curved uppæt600833 templates and a plurality of upper purlins, the plurality of curved upper templates are capable of being assembled to form an arched upper pouring surface, the upper pouring surface is located above the lower pouring surface, the space between the lower pouring surface and the upper pouring surface are configured for pouring concrete, each upper purlin extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the plurality of upper purlins are arranged at intervals along the width trajectory of the upper pouring surface, the upper purlins are located on the side of the curved upper templates facing away from the curved lower templates, and the curved upper templates are fixed to the upper purlins.
3. The arched tunnel structure of claim 2 further comprises a plurality of tie rods, each tie rod passes through the curved upper templates and the curved lower templates, and restricting the distance between the curved upper templates and the curved lower templates.
4. The arched tunnel structure of claim 2, wherein the curved upper template located at the topmost part of the upper pouring surface is provided with a pouring hole, the pouring hole connecting the space between the curved upper templates and the curved lower templates for pouring concrete.
5. The arched tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein the top of the jack is provided with at least two parallel tubes, each tube extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the jack contacts and supports the topmost part of the lower surface of the arched beam via the tubes, a wedge block is placed on top of the tubes, and the jack contacts and supports non-topmost parts of the lower surface of the arched beam via the inclined surface of the wedge block.
6. The arched tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein some of the plurality of support rod&J600833 are arranged vertically, and some of the jacks are provided at the top ends of these vertically arranged support rods; some of the plurality of support rods are arranged horizontally along the transverse direction of the tunnel, and some of the jacks are provided at opposite ends of these horizontally arranged support rods; and some of the plurality of support rods are arranged in a cross pattern along the transverse direction of the tunnel, and some of the jacks are provided at the top ends of these cross-arranged support rods.
7. The arched tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein the plurality of arched beams are arranged at intervals of a first distance, and the plurality of lower purlins are arranged at intervals of a second distance, the second distance is smaller than the first distance.
8. The arched tunnel structure of claim 1 further comprises two side walls and a plurality of triangular brackets, the two side walls extend along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the arched beams are located above and between the two side walls, the opposing sides of each side wall are provided with multiple triangular brackets, and the triangular brackets are configured to support the plurality of support rods.
9. The arched tunnel structure of claim 1, wherein the lower purlins are rectangular- section pine wood, and the curved lower templates are fixed to the lower purlins.
10. A construction method for an arched tunnel configured for constructing the archadi600833 tunnel structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the construction method comprising: pouring a concrete cushion, laying waterproofing membrane on the concrete cushion, and pouring a waterproof layer on the waterproofing membrane to form a working plane; pouring a base slab and short side walls on both sides of the base slab on the working plane; pouring side walls on top of the two short side walls; erecting a plurality of support rods; installing a plurality of jacks at the ends of the plurality of support rods; supporting a plurality of arched beams on the plurality of jacks; assembling a plurality of curved lower templates to form the lower pouring surface, fixing the curved lower templates to the lower purlins during assembly to integrate the lower purlins and curved lower templates, and supporting the integrated lower purlins and curved lower templates on the arched beams; pouring concrete on the lower pouring surface to form an arch crown, with both sides of the arch crown connected to the two side walls; and laying a protective layer on the outer surfaces of the base slab, side walls, and arch crown, and backfilling with gravel outside the protective layer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310954255.0A CN116971798B (en) | 2023-07-31 | 2023-07-31 | Arch tunnel structure and arch tunnel construction method |
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| LU600833B1 true LU600833B1 (en) | 2025-07-29 |
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| LU600833A LU600833B1 (en) | 2023-07-31 | 2024-07-30 | Arched tunnel structure and arched tunnel construction method |
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| CN (1) | CN116971798B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU600833B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2025026311A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07103791B2 (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1995-11-08 | 株式会社奥村組 | Mobile Formwork Device for Gradual Section Tunnel |
| JPH07139295A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-05-30 | Ishikawajima Constr Materials Co Ltd | Method for constructing arched tunnel |
| CA2830108C (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2019-04-16 | Coobs Canada Limited | A formwork for use in the construction of arched structures and a method of constructing arched structures |
| CN108951865B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2023-05-12 | 北京城建集团有限责任公司 | Large-span continuous arch structure, roof supporting system and construction method thereof |
| CN211038666U (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-07-17 | 中铁二十局集团第六工程有限公司 | Lining pouring construction structure based on assembled scaffolding |
| CN112627418A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-09 | 深圳市鹏城建筑集团有限公司 | Construction method for pouring circular arch roof and template supporting structure |
| CN115749250A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-07 | 上海二十冶建设有限公司 | Straight wall circular arch cast-in-place structure template and installation method thereof |
| CN116971798B (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2024-05-10 | 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司 | Arch tunnel structure and arch tunnel construction method |
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| WO2025026311A1 (en) | 2025-02-06 |
| CN116971798B (en) | 2024-05-10 |
| CN116971798A (en) | 2023-10-31 |
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