WO2025026311A1 - Arched tunnel structure and arched tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

An arched tunnel structure, comprising supporting rods (10), props (20), arched beams (30), lower ridges (40), and arc-shaped lower formworks (50). The props (20) are supported by the supporting rods (10). A plurality of arched beams (30) are arranged at intervals in a longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and each arched beam (30) is supported by a plurality of props (20). Each lower ridge (40) extends in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, a plurality of lower ridges (40) are arranged at intervals along a lengthwise trajectory of each arched beam (30), and each lower ridge (40) is at least supported by two adjacent arched beams (30). The arc-shaped lower formworks (50) are supported by the lower ridges (40) and are assembled to form an arched lower pouring surface. The lower pouring surface is located on the side of the arc-shaped lower formworks (50) facing away from the lower ridges (40). During pouring, the force on the lower pouring surface is distributed along lengthwise trajectory lines of the plurality of lower ridges (40), then distributed along lengthwise trajectory lines of the plurality of arched beams (30), and then distributed to each prop (20). The lengthwise trajectory lines of the lower ridges (40) are perpendicular to the lengthwise trajectory lines of the arched beams (30), so that the arch shape of the lower pouring surface is maintained during pouring. The arched tunnel structure and the arched tunnel construction method ensure that the surface of the tunnel crown after pouring is smooth, and the arch shape is aesthetically pleasing.

Description

Arch tunnel structure and arch tunnel construction method Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of tunnel construction, and specifically to an arched tunnel structure and an arched tunnel construction method.

Background Art

At present, when constructing an arched tunnel, the arched vault is formed by splicing a plurality of small-area square templates to form an arched surface and then pouring. However, since the square template itself has no curvature, the shape of the final vault is not round enough. During pouring, due to the high pressure of liquid concrete, the multiple spliced arc templates may be deformed or even cracked, which further leads to a poor curvature of the final poured vault, a distorted arc and a rough surface, which ultimately leads to a poor forming effect of the vault.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, it is necessary to provide an arched tunnel structure and an arched tunnel construction method that can improve the forming effect of the tunnel vault, so that the surface of the vault after casting is smoother and the arc is more beautiful.

In one embodiment of the present application, an arched tunnel structure is provided, comprising a plurality of support rods, a plurality of top supports, a plurality of arched beams, a plurality of lower ribs and a plurality of arcuate lower templates. The top supports are located at the ends of the support rods and supported by the support rods. A plurality of arched beams are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and each arched beam is supported by a plurality of top supports. Each lower rib extends longitudinally along the tunnel, and a plurality of lower ribs are arranged at intervals along the length track of the arched beam, and each lower rib is supported by at least two adjacent arched beams. A plurality of arcuate lower templates are supported by the lower ribs, and a plurality of arcuate lower templates are spliced into an arched lower casting surface, and the lower casting surface is located on the side of the arcuate lower template facing away from the lower ribs. During casting, the force of the lower casting surface is dispersed to the length track lines of the plurality of lower ribs, and then to the length track lines of the plurality of arched beams, and then to each top support, and the length track line of the lower ribs is perpendicular to the length track line of the arched beam, so that the lower casting surface maintains an arch shape during casting.

When the above-mentioned arched tunnel structure is poured, the concrete is supported by the lower pouring surface. The force on the lower pouring surface is surface force. The force on the lower pouring surface can be dispersed to the length trajectory lines of multiple lower ribs, and the surface force is converted into longitudinal line force. The force of multiple lower ribs will be further dispersed to the length trajectory lines of multiple arched beams, and the longitudinal line force is converted into transverse line force. The force of multiple arched beams will be further dispersed to each top support, and the transverse line force is converted into point force. Thus, the force is more dispersed through three-level dispersed force, avoiding excessive stress concentration, and avoiding deformation or cracking of the arc-shaped lower formwork, so that the arch shape can be better maintained during the pouring of the lower pouring surface, and the surface of the arch top after pouring is smoother and the arc shape is more beautiful.

In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure also includes multiple arc-shaped upper formworks and multiple upper ribs. The multiple arc-shaped upper formworks can be spliced into an arched upper casting surface. The upper casting surface is located above the lower casting surface. The space between the lower casting surface and the upper casting surface is used for pouring concrete. Each upper rib extends longitudinally along the tunnel. The multiple upper ribs are arranged at intervals along the width track of the upper casting surface. The upper ribs are located on the side of the arc-shaped upper formwork facing away from the arc-shaped lower formwork. The arc-shaped upper formwork is fixed to the upper ribs.

In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure further includes a plurality of tension screws, each of which passes through the arc-shaped upper template and the arc-shaped lower template and limits the distance between the arc-shaped upper template and the arc-shaped lower template.

In some embodiments, the arc-shaped upper template located at the top of the upper casting surface of the arched tunnel structure is provided with a casting hole, and the casting hole connects the space between the arc-shaped upper template and the arc-shaped lower template to cast concrete.

In some embodiments, at least two tubes are placed side by side on the top of the jacking support, each of which extends longitudinally along the tunnel, and the jacking support contacts and supports the topmost portion of the lower surface of the arched beam through the tubes, and a wedge block is placed on the top of the tubes, and the jacking support contacts and supports the non-topmost portion of the lower surface of the arched beam through the inclined surface of the wedge block.

In some embodiments, some of the multiple support rods are vertically arranged, and the top supports are arranged at the top ends of the some of the vertically arranged support rods; some of the multiple support rods are horizontally arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel, and the top supports are arranged at the opposite ends of the some of the horizontally arranged support rods; some of the multiple support rods are cross-arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel, and the top supports are arranged at the top ends of the some of the cross-arranged support rods.

In some embodiments, the plurality of arched beams are arranged at intervals of a first distance, and the plurality of lower ribs are arranged at intervals of a second distance, wherein the second distance is smaller than the first distance.

In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure also includes two side walls and multiple tripod supports. The two side walls extend longitudinally along the tunnel. The arched beam is located above the two side walls. Multiple tripod supports are provided on the facing sides of each side wall, and the tripod supports are used to support multiple support rods.

In some embodiments, the lower rib is made of pine wood with a rectangular cross-section, and the arc-shaped lower template is fixed to the lower rib.

In one embodiment of the present application, there is also provided an arch tunnel construction method for building the arch tunnel structure in any of the above embodiments, the arch tunnel construction method comprising: pouring a concrete cushion layer, laying a waterproof membrane on the concrete cushion layer, and pouring a waterproof layer on the waterproof membrane to form a working plane; pouring a bottom plate and short side walls on both sides of the bottom plate on the working plane; pouring side walls on the top of the two short side walls respectively; constructing a plurality of support rods; installing top supports at the ends of the plurality of support rods; supporting a plurality of arch beams on the plurality of top supports; splicing a plurality of arc-shaped lower templates to form a lower casting surface, during which the plurality of arc-shaped lower templates are fixed to the lower ribs so that the lower ribs and the arc-shaped lower templates become one body, and at the same time the integrated lower ribs and the arc-shaped lower templates are supported on the arch beams; pouring concrete on the lower casting surface to form an arch, and the two sides of the arch are respectively connected to the two side walls; laying a protective layer on the outer surface of the bottom plate, the side walls and the arch, and backfilling gravel on the outer side of the protective layer.

The above-mentioned arch tunnel construction method also enables the force of the lower casting surface to be dispersed to the length trajectory lines of multiple lower ribs, converting the surface force into longitudinal line force. The force of multiple lower ribs will be further dispersed to the length trajectory lines of multiple arch beams, converting the longitudinal line force into transverse line force. The force of multiple arch beams will be further dispersed to each top support, converting the transverse line force into point force. Therefore, the force is more dispersed through three-level force dispersion, avoiding excessive stress concentration, avoiding deformation or cracking of the arc-shaped lower formwork, and thus making the arch shape better maintained during the casting of the lower casting surface, making the surface of the arch top smoother and the arc shape more beautiful after casting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a flow chart of an arch tunnel construction method in one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the arch tunnel construction method in FIG. 1 after S1 is completed.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the arch tunnel construction method in FIG. 1 after S2 is completed.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the arch tunnel construction method in FIG. 1 after S3 is completed.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the arch tunnel construction method in FIG. 1 after S9 is completed.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the arch tunnel construction method in FIG. 1 after S10 is completed.

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an arched tunnel structure in one embodiment of the present application.

FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the arched beam and the lower rib in one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an arched beam and a lower rib in another embodiment of the present application.

Main component symbols

Arched tunnel structure                       100

Support rod                                10

Top support                                20

Pipe body 21

Wedge Block                             22

Arched beam                             30

Lower edge                                   40

Curved lower template 50

Curved upper template 60

Casting hole                             61

Shang Leng 70

Steel bar                                  71

Tie screw                                80

Round tube                                  81

Curved plate                                82

Tripod bracket                           90

Arch Tunnel Construction Methods 200

Working plane 210

Bottom plate                                   220

Low side wall 230

Side wall                                   240

Vault                               250

Protective layer 260

Temporary working platform 270

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical solution of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the implementation modes of the present application. Obviously, the described implementation modes are only part of the implementation modes of the present application, rather than all the implementation modes.

It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may also be a component centered. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "perpendicular" is used to describe an ideal state between two components. In actual production or use, there may be a state that is approximately perpendicular between the two components. For example, in combination with numerical descriptions, perpendicularity may refer to the angle between two straight lines being in the range of 90°±10°, perpendicularity may also refer to the dihedral angle between two planes being in the range of 90°±10°, and perpendicularity may also refer to the angle between a straight line and a plane being in the range of 90°±10°. The two components described as "perpendicular" may not be absolute straight lines or planes, but may be roughly straight lines or planes. From a macroscopic perspective, a component can be considered a "straight line" or a "plane" if the overall extension direction is a straight line or a plane.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "or/and" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

At present, when constructing an arched tunnel, the vault of the arch is formed by splicing a plurality of small-area arc-shaped templates together to form an arched surface and then pouring. However, during pouring, due to the high pressure of liquid concrete, the plurality of spliced arc-shaped templates may be deformed or even cracked, resulting in a poor curvature of the finally poured vault, a distorted arc and a rough surface, which ultimately leads to a poor forming effect of the vault.

In view of this, it is necessary to provide an arched tunnel structure and an arched tunnel construction method that can improve the forming effect of the tunnel vault, so that the surface of the vault after casting is smoother and the arc is more beautiful. The arched tunnel structure includes multiple support rods, multiple top supports, multiple arched beams, multiple lower ribs and multiple arc-shaped lower templates. The top supports are located at the ends of the support rods and supported by the support rods. Multiple arched beams are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and each arched beam is supported by multiple top supports. Each lower rib extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and multiple lower ribs are arranged at intervals along the length track of the arched beams, and each lower rib is supported by at least two adjacent arched beams. Multiple arc-shaped lower templates are supported by the lower ribs, and multiple arc-shaped lower templates are spliced into an arched lower casting surface, and the lower casting surface is located on the side of the arc-shaped lower template facing away from the lower ribs. During pouring, the force of the lower pouring surface is dispersed to the length trajectory lines of multiple lower ribs, and then to the length trajectory lines of multiple arched beams, and then to each top support. The length trajectory line of the lower ribs is perpendicular to the length trajectory line of the arched beam, so that the lower pouring surface maintains an arch shape during pouring.

When the arched tunnel structure is poured, the concrete is supported by the lower pouring surface. The force on the lower pouring surface is surface force. The force on the lower pouring surface can be dispersed to the length trajectory lines of multiple lower ribs, and the surface force is converted into longitudinal line force. The force on multiple lower ribs will be further dispersed to the length trajectory lines of multiple arched beams, and the longitudinal line force will be converted into transverse line force. The force on multiple arched beams will be further dispersed to each top support, and the transverse line force will be further dispersed to each top support. Line force is transformed into point force, and the force is further dispersed through three-level dispersed force, avoiding excessive stress concentration and deformation or cracking of the arc-shaped lower formwork, so that the arch shape can be better maintained during the pouring of the lower pouring surface, making the surface of the arch after pouring smoother and the arc more beautiful.

Some embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 5, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, an arched tunnel structure 100 and an arched tunnel construction method 200 are provided in one embodiment of the present application. The arched tunnel construction method 200 is used to build the arched tunnel structure 100, and the arched tunnel structure 100 is used to cast the arch of the arched tunnel. The arched tunnel structure 100 includes a plurality of support rods 10, a plurality of top supports 20, a plurality of arched beams 30, a plurality of lower ribs 40 and a plurality of arc-shaped lower templates 50. A plurality of support rods 10 are staggeredly built in the foundation pit of the tunnel to form a support structure. Top supports 20 are installed at the ends of some support rods 10, and the top supports 20 are used to contact the arched beams 30 to realize the support of the support rods 10 to the arched beams 30. A plurality of arched beams 30 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the length of each arched beam 30 is extended along the cross section of the tunnel, and each arched beam 30 is supported by a plurality of top supports 20. Each lower rib 40 extends longitudinally along the tunnel, and the length trajectory of the lower rib 40 is perpendicular to the length trajectory of the arched beam 30. Multiple lower ribs 40 are arranged at intervals along the length trajectory of the arched beam 30. The lower ribs 40 are located above the arched beam 30, and each lower rib 40 is supported by at least two adjacent arched beams 30. Multiple arc-shaped lower templates 50 are located above the lower ribs 40 and supported by the lower ribs 40. The multiple arc-shaped lower templates 50 can be spliced into an arched lower casting surface, which is located on the side of the arc-shaped lower template 50 facing away from the lower rib 40, that is, it is arranged upward.

During pouring, concrete is supported by the lower casting surface. The force on the lower casting surface is surface force. The force on the lower casting surface can be dispersed to the length trajectory lines of multiple lower ribs 40, and the surface force is converted into longitudinal line force. The force on multiple lower ribs 40 will be further dispersed to the length trajectory lines of multiple arched beams 30, and the longitudinal line force is converted into transverse line force. The force on multiple arched beams 30 will be further dispersed to each top support 20, and the transverse line force is converted into point force. Thus, the force is further dispersed through the three-level dispersed force, avoiding excessive stress concentration, and avoiding deformation or cracking of the arc-shaped lower formwork 50, so that the arch shape can be better maintained during the pouring of the lower casting surface, and the surface of the arch top after pouring is smoother and the arc shape is more beautiful.

In order to better maintain the arch of the tunnel top, multiple arch beams 30 are arranged at intervals of a first distance, and multiple lower ribs 40 are arranged at intervals of a second distance, which is smaller than the first distance, so that more lower ribs 40 are distributed on each arch beam 30, so that the lower ribs 40 can distribute the force more evenly to the arch beam 30, so that the force distribution of the arch beam 30 is more even. In addition, during pouring, the arc of the arc-shaped lower template 50 between two adjacent lower ribs 40 may be flattened under the pressure of concrete. Therefore, according to the principle of calculus, even if the arc of the arc-shaped lower template 50 is flattened, the closer the distance between each two adjacent lower ribs 40, the more beautiful the arch of the lower casting surface. According to a large amount of on-site operation experience, the second distance is equal to one-fifth of the first distance, which makes the arch after pouring the most beautiful on the basis of saving building materials and manpower. As an exemplary example, multiple arch beams 30 are arranged at intervals of 75 cm, and multiple lower ribs 40 are arranged at intervals of 15 cm.

Please refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. 7. In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure 100 further includes a plurality of arc-shaped upper templates 60 and a plurality of upper ribs 70. The plurality of arc-shaped upper templates 60 can be spliced together to form an arched upper casting. The upper casting surface is located above the lower casting surface, and the space between the lower casting surface and the upper casting surface is used for pouring concrete. Each upper rib 70 extends longitudinally along the tunnel, and multiple upper ribs 70 are arranged at intervals along the width track of the upper casting surface. The upper rib 70 is located on the side of the arc-shaped upper template 60 that is away from the arc-shaped lower template 50, that is, the upper rib 70 is located above the arc-shaped upper template 60, and the arc-shaped upper template 60 is fixed to the upper rib 70. The upper rib 70 is fixed in position by tying steel bars 71 on the back. During pouring, the upper casting surface can transfer the surface force to the upper rib 70, so that the surface force is converted into line force, thereby dispersing the force, and because the upper casting surface is less stressed than the lower casting surface, the upper rib 70 can withstand the dispersed force after being tied with steel bars 71, without the need to disperse the force again, thereby avoiding unnecessary consumables and manpower.

In some embodiments, the lower ribs 40 and the upper ribs 70 are made of pine wood with a rectangular cross section, and the arc-shaped lower template 50 is nailed to the lower ribs 40, and multiple arc-shaped lower templates 50 are integrated with multiple lower ribs 40, so that the lower ribs 40 can be placed on the arched beam 30, and there is no need to fix the arc-shaped lower template 50 and the arched beam 30, thereby improving construction efficiency. Similarly, the arc-shaped upper template 60 is nailed to the upper ribs 70, and multiple arc-shaped upper templates 60 are integrated with multiple upper ribs 70, and the upper ribs 70 are fixed in position by tying steel bars 71 on the back, thereby fixing the arc-shaped upper template 60, which can also improve construction efficiency.

In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure 100 also includes a plurality of tension screws 80, each of which passes through the arched beam 30, the arc-shaped upper formwork 60 and the arc-shaped lower formwork 50, and is used to limit the distance between the arc-shaped upper formwork 60 and the arc-shaped lower formwork 50 to prevent the arc-shaped upper formwork 60 and the arc-shaped lower formwork 50 from expanding and cracking during pouring. Among them, since the tensioning screw 80 needs to contact the curved surface at the bottom of the arched beam 30, the arched tunnel structure 100 also includes a curved plate 82 and two circular tubes 81. The bottom end of the tensioning screw 80 is pressed against the curved surface by the curved plate 82 and the two circular tubes 81 (i.e., double-piece steel tubes). The circular tubes 81 extend longitudinally along the tunnel. The curved plate 82 presses the side walls of the two circular tubes 81 to the bottom of the arched beam 30. The side walls of the two circular tubes 81 are in line contact with the curved surface at the bottom of the arched beam 30, thereby playing a pulling role. Similarly, the top of the tensioning screw 80 also needs to contact the top surface of the curved steel bar 71. Therefore, the side walls of the two circular tubes 81 are pressed to the top surface of the steel bar 71 by the curved plate 82. The side walls of the two circular tubes 81 are in line contact with the curved top surface of the steel bar 71, thereby achieving tightening tension.

In some embodiments, the arc-shaped upper formwork 60 at the top of the upper casting surface of the arched tunnel structure 100 is provided with a casting hole 61, which extends longitudinally along the tunnel. The casting hole 61 connects the space between the arc-shaped upper formwork 60 and the arc-shaped lower formwork 50 to realize the casting of concrete.

In some embodiments, at least two tubes 21 are placed side by side on the top of the jacking support 20, and each tube 21 extends longitudinally along the tunnel. If the jacking support 20 just radially supports the arched beam 30 along the arc surface at the bottom of the arched beam 30, the jacking support 20 only needs to contact and support the lower surface of the arched beam 30 through the tubes 21, for example, the vertical jacking support 20 supports the topmost part of the arched beam 30 through the tubes 21, or the inclined jacking support 20 supports the non-topmost part of the arched beam 30 through the tubes 21. If the top support 20 cannot fully contact the lower surface of the arched beam 30 directly through the tube body 21, for example, when the vertical top support 20 supports the non-topmost part of the arched beam 30, a wedge block 22 is placed on the top of the tube body 21, and the top support 20 contacts and supports the lower surface of the arched beam 30 through the inclined surface of the wedge block 22. There are multiple types of wedge blocks 22, and the inclination of the inclined surface of each wedge block 22 is different. Each top support 20 selects the required wedge block 22 according to its own position, so that the inclined surface of the wedge block 22 can more fully contact the lower surface of the arched beam 30, thereby stably supporting the arched beam 30. In other embodiments, the wedge block 22 has a curved surface instead of an inclined surface. The curved surface of the wedge block 22 is used to fully contact the lower surface of the arched beam 30 , so that the wedge block 22 can more fully disperse the force and further improve the stability of the arched beam 30 .

As an illustrative example, when the jacking support 20 directly contacts the arched beam 30 through the tube body 21, the cross section of the tube body 21 is circular, forming a line contact with the arched beam 30, so that the tube body 21 stably contacts the arched beam 30. When the jacking support 20 contacts the arched beam 30 through the wedge block 22, the cross section of the tube body 21 is square, so as to fully contact the flat bottom surface of the wedge block 22 and improve the stability of the wedge block 22.

In some embodiments, some of the multiple support rods 10 are arranged vertically, and the top supports 20 are arranged at the top ends of the vertically arranged support rods 10. Some of the multiple support rods 10 are arranged horizontally along the tunnel, and the top supports 20 are arranged at opposite ends of the horizontally arranged support rods 10, and the top supports 20 at both ends are used to support the arched beams 30. Some of the multiple support rods 10 are arranged crosswise along the tunnel to form a transverse scissors brace, and the top supports 20 are arranged at the top ends of the crosswise arranged support rods 10.

In some embodiments, the arc-shaped lower template 50 uses a customized curved surface 1.5 cm thick wooden template, the arched beam 30 uses an I14 steel I-beam, the lower rib 40 uses a 5 cm*10 cm square wood, and multiple lower ribs 40 are arranged at a spacing of 15 cm. Similarly, the arc-shaped upper template 60 also uses a customized curved surface 1.5 cm thick wooden template, the upper rib 70 also uses a 5 cm*10 cm square wood, and multiple upper ribs 70 are also arranged at a spacing of 15 cm. The steel bars 71 use double φ32 steel bars to tie the upper ribs 70 tightly, and the steel bars 71 are arranged transversely along the tunnel and at a spacing of 75 cm.

In some embodiments, the arched tunnel structure 100 further includes two side walls 240 and a plurality of tripod supports 90 . The two side walls 240 extend longitudinally along the tunnel. The arched beam 30 is located above the two side walls 240 . A plurality of tripod supports 90 are provided on the facing sides of each side wall 240 . The tripod supports 90 are used to assist in supporting a plurality of support rods 10 to enhance the strength and stability of the support rods 10 .

Please refer to FIG8 and FIG9 . In some embodiments, each lower rib 40 on a plurality of arched beams 30 always extends in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, that is, each lower rib 40 spans over all arched beams 30 to facilitate construction design. In other embodiments, each lower rib 40 does not always extend in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the lower ribs 40 on opposite sides of some arched beams 30 are staggered so that when the lower rib 40 is insufficient in length and cannot continue to extend, the lower rib 40 on the other side can have enough area to contact the arched beam 30, so as to avoid the ends of the lower ribs 40 on both sides from crowding at the same place of the arched beam 30, thereby improving stability.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 6 , in some embodiments, an arch tunnel construction method 200 includes:

S1: pouring a concrete cushion in the tunnel foundation pit, laying a waterproof membrane on the concrete cushion, and pouring a waterproof layer on the waterproof membrane to form a working plane 210, as shown in FIG2 ;

S2: Casting the bottom plate 220 and the short side walls 230 on both sides of the bottom plate 220 on the working plane 210, as shown in FIG. 3;

S3: Casting side walls 240 on top of the two short side walls 230, as shown in FIG4 ;

S4: Building a plurality of support rods 10, as shown in FIG5 ;

S5: Installing jacking supports 20 at the ends of the plurality of support rods 10, as shown in FIG5;

S6: Supporting a plurality of arched beams 30 on a plurality of top supports 20, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7;

S7: Splice multiple arc-shaped lower templates 50 to form a lower casting surface. The lower rib 40 is fixed to the lower rib 40 so that the lower rib 40 and the arc-shaped lower template 50 are integrated, and the integrated lower rib 40 and the arc-shaped lower template 50 are supported on the arched beam 30, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7;

S8: splicing a plurality of arc-shaped upper templates 60 above the lower casting surface to form an upper casting surface, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 ;

S9: pouring concrete between the lower casting surface and the upper casting surface to form a vault 250, and the two sides of the vault are respectively connected to the two side walls 240, as shown in FIG5;

S10: laying a protective layer 260 on the outer surfaces of the bottom plate 220 , the side wall 240 and the arch 250 , and backfilling the outer side of the protective layer 260 with crushed stones, as shown in FIG6 .

In some embodiments, the concrete cushion layer is a 5cm thick fine stone concrete cushion layer, and the waterproof layer is a 5cm thick fine stone waterproof protective layer, so that the working plane 210 connects the project foundation and the building without leakage, which is the first barrier to waterproofing the entire project and plays a role in resisting external rainwater and groundwater leakage.

In some embodiments, after the work plane 210 is completed, the bottom plate reinforcement is tied, and then the low side wall formwork is installed, and then the water stop steel plate is set, and finally the bottom plate 220 and the low side wall 230 are cast. The height of the low side wall 230 is preferably set to a height range of 200-300 mm from the bottom plate 220, and the concrete is C35P10 anti-seepage concrete.

In some embodiments, after the concrete strength of the short side wall reaches the required level, it is roughened and then the side wall reinforcement is tied. Before tying the side wall reinforcement, a temporary work platform 270 is set up on both sides of the short side wall 230 to facilitate construction workers to build the template. The side wall template is reinforced by the main rib, which uses vertical 50*50*3mm square steel pipes with a spacing of 150mm; and two horizontal double-jointed 48mm*3mm straightening steel pipes are set up; M14 tensioning screws are used with a spacing of 450*450mm for tensioning; the bracket is set up with a steel pipe rack with a pitch of 600*600*900. After the reinforcement is completed, the side wall concrete is poured to form the side wall 240.

In some embodiments, after the side wall 240 is poured, the side wall formwork is removed and the arch support system is erected. The support rod 10 uses a 600*600*900 steel pipe, and all vertical poles are erected with horizontal scissors braces, longitudinal scissors braces and transverse scissors braces to further ensure the stability of the frame.

In some embodiments, when pouring the vault concrete, the pouring is carried out in layers and symmetrically, with the pouring height of each layer not exceeding 40 cm. At the same time, an inserted vibrator is used to vibrate evenly to improve the pouring quality.

In some embodiments, the protective layer 260 is a 0.5 mm thick self-adhesive waterproof membrane and a brick membrane, which plays a protective role.

In some embodiments, in order to test the tunnel, a tunnel concrete structure for the experiment is usually cast in a laboratory, and a tunnel formed by using the arch tunnel structure 100 and the arch tunnel construction method 200 of the present application is used for indoor experiments. The overall size of the tunnel is not as large as the tunnel actually used. In addition, the arch tunnel structure 100 and the arch tunnel construction method 200 of the present application are suitable for tunnel structures constructed by open-cut method.

In addition, those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application and are not intended to be limiting of the present application. As long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present application, appropriate changes and modifications to the above embodiments are within the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

An arched tunnel structure, characterized by comprising: Multiple support rods; A plurality of jack supports, the jack supports being located at ends of the support rods and supported by the support rods; A plurality of arched beams, the plurality of arched beams are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and each of the arched beams is supported by a plurality of the jacking supports; A plurality of lower ribs, each of which extends longitudinally along the tunnel, and the plurality of lower ribs are arranged at intervals along the length track of the arched beam, and each of the lower ribs is supported by at least two adjacent arched beams; A plurality of arc-shaped lower templates are supported by the lower ribs, and the plurality of arc-shaped lower templates are spliced together to form an arched lower casting surface, and the lower casting surface is located on a side of the arc-shaped lower template facing away from the lower ribs; During pouring, the force of the lower pouring surface is dispersed to the length trajectory lines of the multiple lower ribs, and then to the length trajectory lines of the multiple arched beams, and then to each of the top supports. The length trajectory line of the lower ribs is perpendicular to the length trajectory line of the arched beams, so that the lower pouring surface maintains an arch shape during pouring. The arched tunnel structure as described in claim 1 is characterized in that it also includes a plurality of arc-shaped upper templates and a plurality of upper ribs, and the plurality of arc-shaped upper templates can be spliced into an arched upper casting surface, the upper casting surface is located above the lower casting surface, and the space between the lower casting surface and the upper casting surface is used for pouring concrete, each of the upper ribs extends longitudinally along the tunnel, and the plurality of upper ribs are arranged at intervals along the width track of the upper casting surface, and the upper ribs are located on the side of the arc-shaped upper template facing away from the arc-shaped lower template, and the arc-shaped upper template is fixed to the upper ribs. The arched tunnel structure as described in claim 2 is characterized in that it also includes a plurality of tension screws, each of which passes through the arc-shaped upper template and the arc-shaped lower template and limits the distance between the arc-shaped upper template and the arc-shaped lower template. The arched tunnel structure as described in claim 2 is characterized in that the arc-shaped upper template located at the top of the upper casting surface is provided with a casting hole, and the casting hole connects the space between the arc-shaped upper template and the arc-shaped lower template to cast concrete. The arched tunnel structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that at least two tubes are placed side by side on the top of the top support, each of the tubes extends longitudinally along the tunnel, the top support contacts and supports the topmost part of the lower surface of the arched beam through the tubes, a wedge block is placed on the top of the tube, and the top support contacts and supports the non-topmost part of the lower surface of the arched beam through the inclined surface of the wedge block. The arched tunnel structure as described in claim 1 is characterized in that some of the multiple support rods are vertically arranged, and the top supports are arranged at the top ends of some of the vertically arranged support rods, some of the multiple support rods are horizontally arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel, and the top supports are arranged at the opposite ends of some of the horizontally arranged support rods, and some of the multiple support rods are cross-arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel, and the top supports are arranged at the top ends of some of the cross-arranged support rods. The arched tunnel structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that the plurality of arched beams are arranged at intervals of a first distance, and the plurality of lower ribs are arranged at intervals of a second distance, and the second distance is smaller than the first distance. The arched tunnel structure as described in claim 1 is characterized in that it also includes two side walls and a plurality of tripod brackets, the two side walls extend longitudinally along the tunnel, the arched beam is located above the two side walls, and a plurality of tripod brackets are provided on the facing sides of each side wall, and the tripod brackets are used to support a plurality of support rods. The arched tunnel structure as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the lower rib is made of pine wood with a rectangular cross-section, and the arc-shaped lower template is fixed to the lower rib. A method for constructing an arched tunnel, characterized in that it is used to construct the arched tunnel structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the method for constructing an arched tunnel comprises: Casting a concrete cushion layer, laying a waterproofing membrane on the concrete cushion layer, and casting a waterproof layer on the waterproofing membrane to form a working plane; Casting a bottom plate and short side walls on both sides of the bottom plate on the working plane; Cast side walls on top of the two short side walls respectively; Building a plurality of the support rods; Installing the jacking support at the ends of the plurality of support rods; supporting a plurality of the arched beams on a plurality of the top brackets; Splicing a plurality of the arc-shaped lower templates to form the lower casting surface, wherein the plurality of the arc-shaped lower templates are fixed to the lower rib during splicing, so that the lower rib and the arc-shaped lower template become one body, and the integrated lower rib and the arc-shaped lower template are supported on the arched beam; Casting concrete on the lower casting surface to form a vault, and two sides of the vault are respectively connected to the two side walls; A protective layer is laid on the outer surfaces of the bottom plate, the side wall and the arch, and crushed stone is backfilled on the outer side of the protective layer.