LU502744B1 - Novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining - Google Patents
Novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining Download PDFInfo
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- LU502744B1 LU502744B1 LU502744A LU502744A LU502744B1 LU 502744 B1 LU502744 B1 LU 502744B1 LU 502744 A LU502744 A LU 502744A LU 502744 A LU502744 A LU 502744A LU 502744 B1 LU502744 B1 LU 502744B1
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- shielding structure
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- surrounding rock
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
- C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is a novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining. The combination shielding structure is composed of an energy-absorbing outer layer (3) and a reflective inner layer (2), and is arranged between a roadway (1) and surrounding rock (7). The surrounding rock (7) is located on the outer side of the combination shielding structure, and the roadway (1) is located on the inner side of the combination shielding structure. The reflective inner layer (2) in the novel combination shielding structure comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-24 parts of an olefin resin, 14-19.2 parts of a styrene resin, 4.8-7.2 parts of a carbon material powder, 2.1-3.2 parts of glass fibers, 1-2 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-2 parts of citric acid, 0.35-0.6 parts of tin powder, and 17.6-23.8 parts of silicon dioxide powder. The energy-absorbing outer layer (3) is composed of a flexible structural material having buffering and energy absorption effects. In the novel combination shielding structure, the energy-absorbing outer layer (3) can absorb and buffer an elastic energy impact stress wave (4); the reflective inner layer (2) further buffers and reflects an incident wave; and the energy-absorbing outer layer (3) plays a role in secondary energy absorption and buffering against the reflected wave, such that secondary impact damage to the surrounding rock (7) by the reflected wave can be reduced, and a good protective effect is provided on the roadway (1).
Description
Novel Combination Shielding Structure for Preventing Surrounding
Rock Ground Pressure Disasters Caused by Mining
The present invention relates to the field of prevention and treatment of ground pressure disasters caused by deep mining, and particularly relates to a novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining.
When a ground pressure disaster caused by deep mining occurs, a large amount of elastic energy will be released. The transmission of elastic energy to surrounding rock of a roadway will cause serious destruction of the roadway and casualties, which will have a significant impact on mining. At present, the protection for mining of the surrounding rock of the roadway at home and abroad is controlled from the perspective of elastic energy absorption. There is no clear protection method for shielding elastic energy impact stress waves, and people are also conducting related researches.
The embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining. A solution of a combination shielding structure combining an absorption outer layer and a reflective inner layer can effectively shield and protect elastic energy impact stress waves from destructing a roadway. 1
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.
A novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining is arranged between a roadway and surrounding rock. The surrounding rock is located outside the roadway; the combination shielding structure is characterized by being composed of an energy-absorbing outer layer and a reflective inner layer, wherein the energy-absorbing outer layer is formed by a material with buffering and energy absorption effects; and the reflective inner layer is formed in a spray-filling manner by a novel porous material capable of reflecting, dispersing and buffering elastic energy impact stress waves.
Preferably, the reflective inner layer formed in the spray-filling manner is of an integrated structure.
Preferably, the reflective inner layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-24 parts of olefin resin, 14-19.2 parts of styrene resin, 4.8-7.2 parts of carbon material powder, 2.1-3.2 parts of glass fibers, 1-2 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-2 parts of citric acid, 0.35-0.6 part of tin powder and 17.6-23.8 parts of silicon dioxide powder.
Preferably, a method for preparing the novel porous material of the reflective inner layer comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the olefin resin with the styrene resin to obtain a mixture, and heating and melting the mixture to form a melt; (2) putting the carbon material powder, the calcium carbonate, tin powder, and the 2 silicon dioxide powder into a ball mill for ball milling for 5-10 h; (3) adding the uniformly ground powder in the step (2) into the melt in the step (1), and carrying out stirring for 20-25 min; (4) adding the glass fibers into the melt, and continuing to carry out stirring for 20-25 min; (5) adding the citric acid subjected to grinding, and carrying out stirring for 10-15 min; (6) maintaining the temperature, and keeping a melt state for 40-50 min; and (7) directly spray-filling the melt treated in the above-mentioned steps to a desired part, carrying out natural cooling, and then carrying out curing to form the novel porous material.
Preferably, the spray-filling manner is that the above prepared novel porous material melt is spray-filled between the roadway and the energy-absorbing outer layer in the spray-filling manner, and the reflective inner layer is formed after the novel porous material melt is cured.
Preferably, the energy-absorbing outer layer is formed by a flexible porous material featuring with light weight, low density, buffering and energy absorption.
Specifically, when an impact ground pressure disaster occurs, the energy-absorbing outer layer may absorb and buffer impact stress waves for the first time. When the attenuated impact stress waves reach the reflective inner layer, the impact stress waves are buffered and attenuated again, and are reflected back to the energy-absorbing outer layer. The impact stress waves can reach the surrounding rock only after being subjected to energy absorption and buffering by the energy-absorbing outer layer for the second time. 3
When a surrounding rock ground pressure disaster caused by mining occurs, a large CET amount of elastic energy is released; the elastic energy is transmitted to the roadway in a form of impact stress waves. The energy-absorbing outer layer absorbs and buffers the impact stress waves for the first time; when the attenuated impact stress waves reach the reflective inner layer, the impact stress waves are buffered and attenuated again, and are reflected back to the energy-absorbing outer layer, and the energy-absorbing outer layer absorbs and buffers the reflected impact stress waves for the second time, which effectively avoids the re-destruction of the reflected stress waves to the surrounding rock, further protects the safety of the roadway, and can effectively avoid destructing the roadway by impact.
Preferably, the reflective inner layer is prepared from a porous material formed by a three-dimensional interconnection net, which has a good reflection effect on incident stress waves.
Preferably, the porous material comprises a plurality of nanopores with an average cross-sectional size of at most 800 nanometers, which can further achieve buffering and energy absorption.
Preferably, the carbon material powder comprises at least one of carbon fibers, a carbon nanotube and carbon powder.
The present invention provides the novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining. The reflective inner layer made of the novel porous material prepared by a new process is particularly adopted, and forms the novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining together with 4 the energy-absorbing outer layer By means of the combination of the energy-absorbing outer layer and the reflective inner layer, the structure well achieves protection for the roadway when the ground pressure disaster caused by deep mining occurs to ensure the safety of life and property.
Compared with a shielding layer composed of a single energy-absorbing outer layer and having the same thickness, the present invention has the advantages that by means of a double-layer combination shielding structure composed of the thinner reflective inner layer formed by spray-filling, and the energy-absorbing outer layer, so that not only is energy absorbed by the energy-absorbing outer layer at an incident wave stage and also the energy is absorbed by the energy-absorbing outer layer again at a reflection stage, which prolongs the energy-absorbing time of the energy-absorbing outer layer; but the shielding layer composed of the single energy-absorbing outer layer only absorbs energy at the incident wave stage. Therefore, the double-layer combination shielding structure of the present invention absorbs energy more effectively; and meanwhile, the safety of the roadway can be effectively guaranteed due to the dispersion effect of the reflective inner layer on the stress waves.
Compared with a shielding layer composed of a single reflective inner layer, the double-layer combination shielding structure of the present invention can effectively eliminate secondary destruction of reflected waves to the surrounding rock by means of twice energy absorption of the reflected waves by the energy-absorbing outer layer, but the reflected waves reflected by the shielding layer composed of the single reflective inner layer may cause secondary destruction to the surrounding rock.
Therefore, the double-layer combination shielding structure of the present invention can effectively avoid the secondary destruction to the surrounding rock.
In addition, according to the present invention, the reflective inner layer 1s constructed by means of spray-filling, which avoids excessive use of fixing devices in the process of arranging the shielding layer. Due to the influence of factors such as a surrounding rock structure, too many fixing devices may sometimes destruct the surrounding rock; and a shielding layer completely formed by combining fixing devices has a low degree of integration, which may reduce the shielding protection effect of the shielding layer in actual use. Therefore, the reflective inner layer is arranged in the spray-filling manner in the present invention to achieve the integrated combination shielding structure, and one of the problems in actual arrangement of a multilayer combination shielding structure 1s also solved.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly as follows. (1) Compared with the existing porous material, the novel material used for the reflective inner layer in the present invention has a good reflection effect on the impact stress waves, and has a good stress wave dispersion effect at the same time. (2) The cost of the raw materials used by the reflective inner layer is not high, and the preparation process is simplified, which is suitable for promotion. (3) The novel porous material for the reflective inner layer can be used in the spray-filling manner. The reflective inner layer formed in the spray-filling manner has a higher degree of integration, better stress wave dispersion and reflection effects, and is easier and more convenient to use. (4) According to the novel combination shielding structure, by means of the absorption and buffering effect of the porous material of the energy-absorbing outer 6 layer on the elastic energy impact stress waves and the reflection effect of the reflective inner layer, the impact stress waves undergo energy absorption and buffering for multiple times in the process of reaching and leaving the combination shielding structure, which can not only effectively protect the roadway from destruction by the impact stress waves, but also avoid secondary destruction of the reflected stress waves to the surrounding rock. Therefore, a good roadway safety guarantee effect can be achieved. (5) According to the novel combination shielding structure, materials with energy absorption and reflection properties are combined and used together, which 1s applied to the shielding structure for the first time, thereby being worthy of further research and promotion.
Therefore, the combination shielding structure composed of the reflective inner layer and the energy-absorbing outer layer of the present invention has a good application prospect and promotion value.
Fig. 1 1s a schematic structural diagram of a novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining.
In the drawing: 1: roadway; 2: reflective inner layer; 3: energy-absorbing outer layer; 4: impact stress wave; 5: incident wave; 6: reflected wave; 7: surrounding rock.
Fig. 2 1s a flow chart of a process for preparing a novel porous material of a reflective inner layer in the novel combination shielding structure. 7
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with accompanying drawings.
It should be clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms of "a", "the", and "this" used in the embodiments of the present invention and the claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.
Embodiment 1
Required equipment: pressure sensors (used to measure a peak pressure when impact stress waves act on different positions of the shielding structure), a support body (used to support and fix a test sample), an impact stress wave blocking device (used to block impact influence of direct impact stress waves of explosion when reflected stress waves are detected), an explosive with specified performance (spherical trinitrotoluene (TNT) being selected), an explosive suspension support and other related equipment. In addition, the ground of a test site needs to be hardened or paved with steel plates. 8
Local stress wave impact test: a test sample selects and uses a novel porous material plate for a reflective inner layer, which has a thickness of 10 cm, and a length and a width of 100 cm, a 500gB explosive is used; a test distance is 1 m; a blocking baffle plate is arranged at a position that is 2 cm away from the front of the novel porous material plate; a small round hole with a radius of 5 cm is reserved in a position of the blocking baffle plate facing a center of the novel porous material plate; the blocking baffle plate and a backing plate are fixed by the support body; the novel porous material plate abuts against the backing plate of a simulated roadway; and pressure sensors are arranged on a front surface of the novel porous material plate directly facing the small hole of the blocking baffle plate and between the novel porous material plate and the backing plate. A No. 1 pressure sensor is arranged on the front surface of the novel porous material plate directly facing the small hole; a No. 2 pressure sensor is arranged on a back surface of the novel porous material plate directly facing the No. 1 pressure sensor; a No. 3 pressure sensor, a No. 4 pressure sensor and a No. 5 pressure sensor are arranged at a radiation distance of 10 cm in a positive triangular direction around the position of the No. 2 pressure sensor; a No. 6 pressure sensor, a No. 7 pressure sensor and a No.8 pressure sensors are arranged at a radiation distance of 20 cm; and a No. 9 pressure sensor, a No. 10 pressure sensor and a No. 11 pressure sensor are arranged at a radiation distance of 30 cm. Test results: a pressure peak value is 0.51 MPa at the position of the No. 1 pressure sensor, is 0.08
MPa at the position of the No. 2 pressure sensor, is 0.07 MPa at the position of the No. 3 pressure sensor, is 0.06 MPa at the position of the No. 4 pressure sensor, is 0.07
MPa at the position of the No. 5 pressure sensor, is 0.05 MPa at the position of the No. 6 pressure sensor, is 0.06 MPa at the position of the No. 7 pressure sensor, is 0.05
MPa at the position of the No. 8 pressure sensor, is 0.04 MPa at the position of the No. 9 pressure sensor, is 0.04 MPa at the position of the No. 10 pressure sensor, and is 0.03 MPa at the position of the No. 11 pressure sensor. 9
The test shows that the novel porous material plate for the reflective inner layer in the combination shielding structure features with extremely good rigidity and can effectively disperse the local stress wave impact, thus avoiding local destruction and serious consequences of the roadway caused by the stress wave impact at a site where a surrounding rock ground pressure disaster caused by mining occurs.
Embodiment 2
Reflection test on a reflective inner layer: a test sample selects and uses a novel porous material plate for a reflective inner layer with a thickness of 10 cm, and a 500 gB explosive is used; a test distance is 1 m; the novel porous material plate abuts against a backing plate fixed through a support body; and a No. 1 pressure sensor, a
No. 2 pressure sensor and a No. 3 pressure sensor are respectively arranged at positions at a front surface of the novel porous material plate, between a back surface of the novel porous material plate and a backing plate, and being 0.5 m away from a reflection surface blocked by a blocking device. Test results: a peak pressure value is 0.52 MPa at the position of the No. 1 pressure sensor, is 0.26 MPa at the position of the No. 2 pressure sensor, and is 0.34 MPa at the position of the No. 3 pressure sensor.
The test shows that the material of the reflective inner layer has the characteristic of reflecting stress waves.
Embodiment 3
Comparative test on a commercially available foamed aluminum material and a novel porous material plate: the commercially available foamed aluminum material and the novel porous material plate in the present invention which are the same in size and thickness are used; and test conditions are the same as those in Embodiment 2. Test results of the novel porous material plate: a peak pressure value is 0.51 MPa at the position of the No. 1 pressure sensor, is 0.21 MPa at the position of the No. 2 pressure sensor, and 1s 0.32 MPa at the position of the No. 3 pressure sensor. Test results of the foamed aluminum material: a peak pressure value is 0.50 MPa at the position of the
No. 1 pressure sensor, is 0.33 MPa at the position of the No. 2 pressure sensor, and is 0.03 MPa at the position of the No. 3 pressure sensor.
The comparative test shows that the material for the reflective inner layer has obviously better stress wave reflection performance than the commercially available material.
Embodiment 4
Tin powder addition test: tin powder among raw materials for the composition of a novel porous material is abandoned, and other raw materials have the same composition, which are prepared into the porous material plate. Test conditions are the same as those in Embodiment 2. Test results: a peak pressure value is 0.51 MPa at the position the No. 1 pressure sensor, is 0.36 MPa at the position of No. 2 pressure sensor, and is 0.03 MPa at the position of the No. 3 pressure sensor.
Tin powder substitution test: the tin powder material among the raw materials for the composition of the novel porous material 1s replaced with aluminum and zinc. Under the same conditions, when the tin powder material is replaced with aluminum, test results are as follows: a peak pressure value is 0.51 MPa at the position of the No. 1 pressure sensor, is 0.30 MPa at the position of the No. 2 pressure sensor, and is 0.14 11
MPa at the position of the No. 3 pressure sensor. When the tin powder material is replaced with zinc, results are as follows: a peak pressure value is 0.50 MPa at the position of the No. 1 pressure sensor, is 0.29 MPa at the position of the No. 2 pressure sensor, and is 0.12 MPa at the position of the No. 3 pressure sensor.
The test shows that tin powder among the raw materials of the reflective inner layer has great influence on the reflection property.
Embodiment 5
Combination comparison test on an energy-absorbing outer layer and a reflective inner layer: in the present invention, an energy-absorbing outer layer with a thickness of 20 cm and a reflective inner layer with a thickness of 10 cm are laminated to form a combination shielding structure with a thickness of 30 cm; a commercially available foamed aluminum material is cut into square blocks with the same size and a thickness of 30 cm; and a test is carried out according to the same way in
Embodiment 2. Test results: for the combination shielding structure, a peak pressure value is 0.51 MPa at the position of the No. 1 pressure sensor, is 0.02 MPa at the position of the No. 2 pressure sensor, and is 0.03 MPa at the position of the No. 3 pressure sensor; and for an aluminum foam structure, a peak pressure value is 0.50
MPa at the position of the No. 1 pressure sensor, is 0.21 MPa at the position of the No. 2 pressure sensor, and is 0.03 MPa at the position of the No. 3 pressure sensor.
The test shows that the combination shielding structure composed of the energy-absorbing outer layer and the reflective inner layer of the present invention has good stress wave protection performance, which is superior to that of a commercially available material. 12
Embodiment 6
A novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining, as shown in Fig. 1, is arranged between a roadway 1 and surrounding rock 7. The surrounding rock 7 is located outside the roadway 1; the combination shielding structure is characterized by being composed of an energy-absorbing outer layer 3 and a reflective inner layer 2; the energy-absorbing outer layer 3 is formed by a material with buffering and energy absorption effects; and the reflective inner layer 2 is formed in a spray-filling manner by a novel porous material capable of reflecting, dispersing and buffering elastic energy impact stress waves.
The reflective inner layer 2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of olefin resin, 14 parts of styrene resin, 4.8 parts of carbon material powder, 2.1 parts of glass fibers, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 1 part of citric acid, 0.35 part of tin powder and 17.6 parts of silicon dioxide powder.
A process for preparing the novel porous material for the reflective inner layer 2 from the raw materials in the above-mentioned weight parts is as follows: (1) the olefin resin is mixed with the styrene resin to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is heated and melted at 175°C to form a melt; (2) the carbon material powder, the calcium carbonate, tin powder, and the silicon dioxide powder are put into a ball mill for ball milling for 5 h; (3) the uniformly ground powder in the step (2) is added into the melt in the step (1), and stirring is carried out for 20 min; (4) the glass fibers are added into the melt, and stirring is continued to be carried out 13 for 20 min; (5) the citric acid subjected to grinding is added and then is stirred for 10 min; and (6) the temperature is maintained, and a melt state is kept for 40 min.
By means of the above process, the novel porous material for spraying the reflective inner layer 2 can be obtained. The energy-absorbing outer layer 3 can adopt a commercially available foamed aluminum material with a thickness of 30 cm. First, the foamed aluminum material with the thickness of 30 cm for the energy-absorbing outer layer is fixed on the surrounding rock; the roadway is then paved; a distance between the roadway and the foamed aluminum is controlled to be about 10 cm; the novel porous material is spray-filled between the roadway and the foamed aluminum; and after natural cooling and curing, the novel porous material and the energy-absorbing outer layer form the combination shielding structure. In an actual operation, according to an actual situation, a material for the energy-absorbing outer layer, which has an appropriate thickness, can be selected, and a material for the reflective inner layer, which has an appropriate thickness, can be spray-filled, so as to achieve the function of effective protection. In the building process o the novel combination shielding structure, isolation and support molds can be erected between the roadway and the foamed aluminum layer according to actual needs. The combination shielding structure can effectively prevent destruction to the roadway and secondary damage to the surrounding rock caused by an impact ground pressure during underground deep mining, and has a good protective effect on the safety of life and property.
Embodiment 7
According to a novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock 14 ground pressure disaster caused by mining, a reflective inner layer 2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24 parts of olefin resin, 19.2 parts of styrene resin, 7.2 parts of carbon material powder, 3.2 parts of glass fibers, 2 part of calcium carbonate, 2 part of citric acid, 0.6 part of tin powder and 23.8 parts of silicon dioxide powder.
À process for preparing the novel porous material for the reflective inner layer 2 from the raw materials in the above-mentioned weight parts is as follows: (1) the olefin resin is mixed with the styrene resin to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is heated and melted at 170°C to form a melt; (2) the carbon material powder, the calcium carbonate, tin powder, and the silicon dioxide powder are put into a ball mill for ball milling for 10 h; (3) the uniformly ground powder in the step (2) is added into the melt in the step (1), and stirring is carried out for 25 min; (4) the glass fibers are added into the melt, and stirring is continued to be carried out for 25min; (5) the citric acid subjected to grinding is added and then is stirred for 15 min; and (6) the temperature is maintained, and a melt state is kept for 50 min.
By means of the above process, the novel porous material for spraying the reflective inner layer 2 can be obtained. The energy-absorbing outer layer 3 can adopt commercially available reinforced polyurethane foam plastic with a thickness of 35 cm. First, the reinforced polyurethane foam with the thickness of 35 cm for the energy-absorbing outer layer is fixed on the surrounding rock; the roadway is then paved; a distance between the roadway and the reinforced polyurethane foam plastic is controlled to be about 10 cm; the novel porous material is spray-filled between a mold and the reinforced polyurethane foam plastic; and after natural cooling and curing, the novel porous material and the energy-absorbing outer layer form the combination shielding structure. In an actual operation, according to an actual situation, a material for the energy-absorbing outer layer, which has an appropriate thickness, can be selected, and a material for the reflective inner layer, which has an appropriate thickness, can be spray-filled, so as to achieve the function of effective protection. In the building process of the novel combination shielding structure, isolation and support molds can be erected between the roadway and the reinforced polyurethane foam plastic layer according to needs. The combination shielding structure can effectively prevent destruction to the roadway and secondary damage to the surrounding rock caused by an impact ground pressure during underground deep mining, and has a good protective effect on the safety of life and property.
Embodiment 8
According to a novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disaster caused by mining, a reflective inner layer 2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of olefin resin, 16 parts of styrene resin, 5.5 parts of carbon material powder, 2.5 parts of glass fibers, 1.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1.5 parts of citric acid, 0.45 part of tin powder and 20.5 parts of silicon dioxide powder.
A process for preparing the novel porous material for the reflective inner layer 2 from the raw materials in the above-mentioned weight parts is as follows: (1) the olefin resin is mixed with the styrene resin to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is heated and melted at 170°C to form a melt; (2) the carbon material powder, the calcium carbonate, tin powder, and the silicon dioxide powder are put into a ball mill for ball milling for 8 h; 16
(3) the uniformly ground powder in the step (2) is added into the melt in the step (1), CET and stirring is carried out for 22 min; (4) the glass fibers are added into the melt, and stirring is continued to be carried out for 22 min; (5) the citric acid subjected to grinding is added and then is stirred for 12 min; and (6) the temperature is maintained, and a melt state is kept for 45 min.
By means of the above process, the novel porous material for spraying the reflective inner layer 2 can be obtained. The energy-absorbing outer layer 3 can adopt a commercially available foamed aluminum material with a thickness of 35 cm. First, the foamed aluminum material with the thickness of 35 cm for the energy-absorbing outer layer is fixed on the surrounding rock; the roadway is then paved; a distance between the roadway and the foamed aluminum is controlled to be about 15 cm; the novel porous material is spray-filled between the roadway and the foamed aluminum; and after natural cooling and curing, the novel porous material and the energy-absorbing outer layer form the combination shielding structure. In an actual operation, according to an actual situation, a material for the energy-absorbing outer layer, which has an appropriate thickness, can be selected, and a material for the reflective inner layer, which has an appropriate thickness, can be spray-filled, so as to achieve the function of effective protection. In the building process of the novel combination shielding structure, isolation and support molds can be erected between the roadway and the foamed aluminum layer according to needs. The combination shielding structure can effectively prevent destruction to the roadway and secondary damage to the surrounding rock caused by an impact ground pressure during underground deep mining, and has a good protective effect on the safety of life and property. 17
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in CET accordance with the implementation modes, and each implementation mode does not only contain one independent technical solution. This narration in the specification 1s only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole.
The technical solutions in all the embodiments can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. 18
Claims (10)
1. A novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining, which is arranged between a roadway and surrounding rock that is located outside the roadway, characterized in that the combination shielding structure is composed of an energy-absorbing outer layer and a reflective inner layer, wherein the energy-absorbing outer layer is formed by a material with buffering and energy absorption effects; and the reflective inner layer is formed in a spray-filling manner by a novel porous material capable of reflecting, dispersing and buffering elastic energy impact stress waves.
2. The novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective inner layer formed in the spray-filling manner is of an integrated structure.
3. The novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective inner layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-24 parts of olefin resin, 14-19.2 parts of styrene resin, 4.8-7.2 parts of carbon material powder, 2.1-3.2 parts of glass fibers, 1-2 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-2 parts of citric acid, 0.35-0.6 part of tin powder and 17.6-23.8 parts of silicon dioxide powder.
4. The novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining according to claim 2, characterized in that a method for preparing the novel porous material of the reflective inner layer comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the olefin resin with the styrene resin to obtain a mixture, and 1 heating and melting the mixture to form a melt; (2) putting the carbon material powder, the calcium carbonate, tin powder, and the silicon dioxide powder into a ball mill for ball milling for 5-10 h; (3) adding the uniformly ground powder in the step (2) into the melt in the step (1), and carrying out stirring for 20-25 min; (4) adding the glass fibers into the melt, and continuing to carry out stirring for 20-25 min; (5) adding the citric acid subjected to grinding, and carrying out stirring for 10-15 min; (6) maintaining the temperature, and keeping a melt state for 40-50 min; and (7) directly spray-filling the melt treated in the above-mentioned steps to a desired part, carrying out natural cooling, and then carrying out curing to form the novel porous material.
5. The novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining according to claim 4, characterized in that the spray-filling manner is that the novel porous material melt prepared in claim 4 is spray-filled between the roadway and the energy-absorbing outer layer in the spray-filling manner, and the reflective inner layer is formed after the novel porous material melt is cured.
6. The novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy-absorbing outer layer is formed by various flexible porous materials featuring with light weight, low density, buffering and energy absorption.
7. The novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground 2 pressure disasters caused by mining according to claim 1, characterized in that when CET an impact ground pressure disaster occurs, the energy-absorbing outer layer absorbs and buffers impact stress waves for the first time; when the attenuated impact stress waves reach the reflective inner layer, the impact stress waves are buffered and attenuated again, and are reflected back to the energy-absorbing outer layer; and the impact stress waves reach the surrounding rock only after being subjected to energy absorption and buffering by the energy-absorbing outer layer for the second time.
8. The novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective inner layer is prepared from a porous material formed by a three-dimensional interconnection net, which has a good reflection effect on incident stress waves.
9. The novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the reflective inner layer comprises a plurality of nanopores with an average cross-sectional size of at most 800 nanometers, which may further achieve buffering and energy absorption.
10. The novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining according to claim 3, characterized in that the carbon material powder comprises at least one of carbon fibers, a carbon nanotube and carbon powder. 3
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