LU500152B1 - Blasting Method for Reducing Surrounding Rock Damage and Blasting Vibration - Google Patents
Blasting Method for Reducing Surrounding Rock Damage and Blasting Vibration Download PDFInfo
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- LU500152B1 LU500152B1 LU500152A LU500152A LU500152B1 LU 500152 B1 LU500152 B1 LU 500152B1 LU 500152 A LU500152 A LU 500152A LU 500152 A LU500152 A LU 500152A LU 500152 B1 LU500152 B1 LU 500152B1
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- holes
- easer
- presplitting
- periphery
- common
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed by the present invention is a blasting method for reducing surrounding rock damage and blasting vibration, comprising the following steps: I: arranging oblique cut holes (1), burn cut holes (2), first common easer holes (3), second common easer holes (4), presplitting easer holes (5) and periphery holes (6) along the roadway contour line on a working face; II: providing multifunctional cartridges with functions of crack number and direction control and energy absorption protection; III: loading the multifunctional cartridges filled with explosives into the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6) by using tamping rods, adjusting the direction of cutting seams of the multifunctional cartridges to be parallel to the roadway contour line, and charging ordinary cartridged explosives into the oblique cut holes (1), the burn cut holes (2), the first common easer holes (3) and the second common easer holes (4); and IV: carrying out millisecond blasting.
Description
Description Blasting Method for Reducing Surrounding Rock Damage and Blasting Vibration
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a blasting method capable of controlling blasting vibration and reducing surrounding rock damage, and belongs to the field of mining engineering.
BACKGROUND With the rapid development of economy, the construction requirements for blasting engineering are getting higher and higher, that is, the damage and destruction to protected surrounding rocks should be minimized while blasting rocks to be blasted efficiently. For example, special projects such as underground reservoirs and nuclear waste repositories have higher requirements for the integrity of surrounding rocks. The conventional smooth blasting and presplitting blasting improve the contour regularity, but cause great damage and vibration to surrounding rocks and reduce the stability of surrounding rocks due to disorderly release of explosion energy and random propagation of blasting cracks.
SUMMARY In response to the above situation, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a blasting method for reducing surrounding rock damage and blasting vibration.
In order to solve the problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A blasting method for reducing surrounding rock damage and blasting vibration, comprising the following steps: step (1): arranging oblique cut holes (1), burn cut holes (2), first common easer holes (3), second common easer holes (4), presplitting easer holes (5) and periphery holes (6) along the roadway contour line on a working face; step (2): providing special multifunctional cartridges with functions of crack number and direction control and energy absorption protection; step (3): loading the special multifunctional cartridges filled with explosives into the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6) by using tamping rods, adjusting the direction of cutting seams of the special multifunctional cartridges to be parallel to the roadway contour line, and charging ordinary cartridged explosives into the oblique cut holes (1), the burn cut holes (2), the first common easer holes (3) and the second common easer holes (4); and step (4): carrying out millisecond blasting.
According to the blasting method, in the step (1), presplitting empty easer holes (7) are uniformly arranged between the presplitting easer holes (5) at intervals, and empty periphery holes (8) are uniformly arranged between the periphery holes (6) at intervals; and in the step (3), the presplitting empty easer holes (7) and the empty periphery holes (8) are not charged. The empty holes have two functions: 1. to guide the directional crack propagation toward the empty holes; and 2. to inhibit wing cracks generated at the tip of directional cracks under explosion loads from propagating to reserved rock masses.
According to the blasting method, the diameters of the presplitting empty easer holes (7) and the empty periphery holes (8) are larger than or equal to the diameters of the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6).
According to the blasting method, the millisecond blasting sequence in the step 4 is that the presplitting easer holes (5) are detonated, and then the oblique cut holes (1), the burn cut holes (2), the first common easer holes (3), the second common easer holes (4) and the periphery holes (6) are sequentially detonated.
According to the blasting method, in the step (1), the row spacing between the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6) is larger than the hole spacing between the periphery holes (6) and the empty periphery holes (8) to ensure that through cracks can be formed between the periphery holes (6) to form regular contour surfaces.
According to the blasting method, each of the multifunctional cartridges comprises an explosive chamber (9), an annular cavity (10) surrounding the explosive chamber and a cutting seam (11) running through the cavity (10); incompressible granular capacity expansion materials including fine sand are filled into cavities adjacent to the direction of rocks to be blasted, and particle “jets” produced by the explosion are used to destroy the rocks and enhance crack propagation; and energy-absorbing materials including rubber and foamed aluminum are filled into cavities adjacent to protected surrounding rocks to protect the surrounding rocks.
Compared with the prior art, the first advantageous effect of the present invention is that the presplitting easer holes are detonated first to form presplitting cracks before the cut holes and the easer holes are detonated, so as to weaken the propagation of stress waves formed by blasting of the cut holes and the easer holes to the reserved rock masses and prevent blasting cracks formed by the explosion of the cut holes and the easer holes from propagating to the reserved rock masses. The second advantageous effect of the present invention is that undetonated periphery holes can weaken stress waves generated by explosion of the presplitting easer holes, the cut holes and the common easer holes. The third advantageous effect of the present invention is that the periphery holes are finally detonated, and the presplitting easer holes, the cut holes and the common easer holes that are detonated first form free faces for the periphery holes in the direction of rock masses to be blasted, thereby guiding explosion energy from the periphery holes to propagate to the free faces of blasted rock masses, reducing the propagation of explosion energy to protected rock masses and reducing damage to the protected surrounding rocks. The fourth advantageous effect of the present invention is that orifices arranged in the presplitting cut holes and the periphery holes can not only guide directional cracks to propagate toward the empty holes and optimize directional splitting effects, but also inhibit wing cracks generated at the tip of directional cracks under explosion loads from propagating to reserved rock masses. The fifth advantageous effect of the present invention is that energy-absorbing materials are filled between two shells of the special cartridges to strengthen the protection of reserved rock masses.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 shows the layout of drift holes based on presplitting of easer holes for vibration and loss reduction (A is a front view, and B is a top view).
FIG. 2 shows the layout of sink shaft holes based on presplitting of easer holes for vibration and loss reduction (A is a front view, and B is a sectional view).
FIG. 3 shows the layout of drift holes (with empty holes) based on presplitting of easer holes for vibration and loss reduction (A is a front view, and B is a top view).
FIG. 4 shows the layout of sink shaft holes (with empty holes) based on presplitting of easer holes for vibration and loss reduction (A is a front view, and B is a sectional view).
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of two cutting seams of a multifunctional cartridge.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of three cutting seams of a multifunctional cartridge.
In the figures: 1- oblique cut holes; 2-burn cut holes; 3-first common easer holes; 4-second common easer holes; 5-presplitting easer holes; 6-periphery holes; 7-presplitting empty easer holes; 8-empty periphery holes; 9-explosive chamber; 10-cavity; 11-cutting seam.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail in combination with specific examples.
Example 1 FIG. 1 shows the layout of drift holes based on presplitting of easer holes for vibration and loss reduction, and FIG. 2 shows the layout of sink shaft holes based on presplitting of easer holes for vibration and loss reduction, including oblique cut holes (1), burn cut holes (2), first common easer holes (3), second common easer holes (4), presplitting easer holes (5) and periphery holes (6).
Example 2 Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, for use in the case of poor lithology, such as when rocks are extremely hard or rock fractures are extensively developed, presplitting empty easer holes (7) are uniformly arranged between the presplitting easer holes (5) at intervals, and empty periphery holes (8) are uniformly arranged between the periphery holes (6) at intervals on the basis of Example 1.
Example 3 FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a special cartridge with two cutting seams, and FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a special cartridge with three cutting seams, including a charging chamber (9), a cavity (10) and cutting seams (11), wherein energy-absorbing materials can be filled in the upper part of the cavity (10) to protect surrounding rocks, capacity expansion materials can be filled in the lower part to improve the utilization rate of explosive energy, and the shell of the special cartridge can also be simply formed from PVC without the cavity (10). The cutting seams (11) can be designed as one cutting seam, two cutting seams, three cutting seams, four cutting seams or a plurality of cutting seams based on actual engineering requirements.
Example 4 A blasting method based on presplitting of easer holes (drift) for vibration and loss reduction in Example 1 is described below, comprising the following steps:
step 1: arranging a circle of oblique cut holes (1) on a roadway working face, wherein the cut holes (1) are located in the lower middle part of the roadway section, as shown in FIG. 1;
as a preferred solution, the oblique cut holes (1) have a hole spacing of 450 mm, a hole diameter of 42 mm, a dip angle of 81° and a hole depth of 2 m;
step 2: arranging two rows of common easer holes, namely first common easer holes (3) and second common easer holes (4), on the periphery of the oblique cut holes (1), as shown in FIG. 1;
as a preferred solution, the spacing between the oblique cut holes (1) and the first common easer holes (3) is 550 mm, the first common easer holes (3) and the second common easer holes (4) have a row spacing of 550 mm and a hole spacing of 450 mm, and the holes are drilled vertically with a depth of 2 m;
step 3: arranging presplitting easer holes (5) on the roadway working face peripheral to the second common easer holes (4), as shown in FIG. 1;
as a preferred solution, the presplitting easer holes (5) have a hole spacing of 600 mm and a hole depth of 2 m, and the row spacing between the presplitting easer holes (5) and the common easer holes (4) is 550 mm;
step 4 arranging periphery holes (6) on the roadway working face peripheral to the presplitting easer holes (5), as shown in FIG. 1;
as a preferred solution, the spacing between the periphery holes (6) is 600 mm, and the spacing between the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6) is 600 mm, as shown in FIG. 1;
step 5: making multifunctional cartridges: loading explosives into explosive chambers (9) of the special multifunctional cartridges, then making detonators, cutting loading wires of two electric detonators for primers to a length of 20 cm, connecting the loading wires with leading wires respectively, and wrapping tightly with insulating tape to prevent short circuit and open circuit; then inserting the two detonators into an explosive column and loading the explosive column into each of the explosive chambers (9) in the special multifunctional cartridges, where the place to make the primers is kept 10 m away from the explosive storage site; as a preferred solution, energy-absorbing materials such as foam can be filled into the upper cavity when making multifunctional cartridges to greatly absorb energy transmitted by explosion to the upper reserved rock masses and reduce damage of explosion to the reserved rock masses; step 5: loading the special multifunctional cartridges into the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6), and then adjusting the direction of cutting seams (11) of the multifunctional cartridges to be parallel to the contour line, so that macro cracks can be formed along the cutting seams after explosion; step 6: charging ordinary explosives into the oblique cut holes (1), the first common easer holes (3) and the second common easer holes (4); step 7: carrying out millisecond blasting, with blasting damage in an order of the presplitting easer holes (5), the cut holes (1), the first common easer holes (3), the second common easer holes (4) and the periphery holes (6); and step 8: deslagging.
Example 5
A blasting method based on presplitting of easer holes (sink shaft) for vibration and loss reduction in Example 1 is described below, comprising the following steps:
step 1: arranging oblique cut holes (1) and burn cut holes (2) on a sink shaft working face, as shown in FIG. 2;
as a preferred solution, the oblique cut holes (1) have a circle diameter of 1600 mm, a hole spacing of 628 mm and a hole angle of 81°, and the burn cut holes (2) have a circle diameter of 1800 mm, a hole spacing of 706 mm and a hole depth of 5.4 m;
step 2: arranging first common easer holes (3) and second common easer holes (4) on the sink shaft working face, as shown in FIG. 2;
as a preferred solution, the first common easer holes (3) have a circle diameter of 3100 mm and a hole spacing of 885 mm; and the second common easer holes (4) have a circle diameter of 4300 mm and a hole spacing of 843 mm;
step 3: arranging presplitting easer holes (5) on the sink shaft working face, as shown in FIG. 2;
as a preferred solution, the presplitting easer holes (5) have a circle diameter of 5300 mm and a hole spacing of 800 mm;
step 4: arranging periphery holes (6) on the sink shaft working face, as shown in FIG. 2;
as a preferred solution, the periphery holes (6) have a circle diameter of 6600 mm and a hole spacing of 800 mm;
step 5: loading the special multifunctional cartridges filled with explosives into the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6), with the cutting seams parallel to the sink shaft contour line, and plugging with stemming; as a preferred solution, incompressible granular capacity expansion materials such as fine sand can be filled into cavities adjacent to the direction of rocks to be blasted, and particle “jets” produced by the explosion are used to destroy the rocks and enhance crack propagation; and energy-absorbing materials including rubber and foamed aluminum are filled into cavities adjacent to protected surrounding rocks to protect the surrounding rocks; step 6: charging ordinary explosives into the oblique cut holes (1), the burn cut holes (2), the first common easer holes (3) and the second common easer holes (4), and plugging with stemming; step 7: carrying out millisecond blasting, with a blasting sequence as follows: the presplitting easer holes (5), the oblique cut holes (1), the burn cut holes (2), the first common easer holes (3), the second common easer holes (4) and the periphery holes (6); and step 8: deslagging.
Example 6 A blasting method for vibration and loss reduction based on presplitting of easer holes (drift) in Example 2 is described below, comprising the following steps: step 1: arranging a circle of oblique cut holes (1) on a roadway working face, wherein the cut holes (1) are located in the lower middle part of the roadway section, as shown in FIG. 3; as a preferred solution, the oblique cut holes have a hole spacing of 450 mm, a hole diameter of 42 mm, a dip angle of 81° and a hole depth of 2 m;
step 2: arranging first common easer holes (3) and second common easer holes (4) on the roadway working face, as shown in FIG. 3;
as a preferred solution, the first common easer holes (3) and the second common easer holes (4) have a row spacing of 550 mm and a hole spacing of 450 mm, and the holes are drilled vertically with a depth of 2 m;
step 3: arranging presplitting easer holes (5) and presplitting empty easer holes (7) on the roadway working face, as shown in FIG. 3;
as a preferred solution, the presplitting easer holes (5) have a hole spacing of 600 mm, the spacing between the presplitting easer holes (5) and the presplitting empty easer holes (7) is 300 mm, with a hole depth of 2 m, and the row spacing among the presplitting easer holes (5), the presplitting empty easer holes (7) and the second common easer holes (4) is 550 mm;
step 4: arranging periphery holes (6) and empty periphery holes (8) on the roadway working face, as shown in FIG. 2;
as a preferred solution, the spacing between the periphery holes (6) and the empty periphery holes (8) is 300 mm, the spacing between the periphery holes (6) is 600 mm, and the empty periphery holes (8) are uniformly distributed between two adjacent periphery holes (6), as shown in FIG. 2;
step 5: making multifunctional cartridges: loading explosives into explosive chambers (9) of the special multifunctional cartridges, then making detonators, cutting loading wires of two electric detonators for primers to a length of 20 cm, connecting the loading wires with leading wires respectively, and wrapping tightly with insulating tape to prevent short circuit and open circuit; then inserting the two detonators into an explosive column and loading the explosive column into each of the explosive chambers (9) in the special multifunctional cartridges, where the place to make the primers is kept 10 m away from the explosive storage site: as a preferred solution, energy-absorbing materials such as foam can be filed into the upper cavity when making multifunctional cartridges to greatly absorb energy transmitted by explosion to the upper reserved rock masses and reduce damage of explosion to the reserved rock masses; step 5: loading the special multifunctional cartridges into the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6), and then adjusting the direction of cutting seams (11) of the multifunctional cartridges to be parallel to the contour line, so that macro cracks can be formed along the cutting seams after explosion; step 6: charging ordinary explosives into the oblique cut holes (1), the first common easer holes (3) and the second common easer holes (4): step 7: carrying out millisecond blasting, with blasting damage in an order of the presplitting easer holes (5), the cut holes (1), the first common easer holes (3), the second common easer holes (4) and the periphery holes (6); and step 8: deslagging.
Example 7 A blasting method based on presplitting of easer holes (sink shaft) for vibration and loss reduction in Example 2 is described below, comprising the following steps: step 1: arranging oblique cut holes (1) and burn cut holes (2) on a sink shaft working face, as shown in FIG. 4;
as a preferred solution, the oblique cut holes (1) have a circle diameter of 1600 mm, a hole spacing of 628 mm and a hole angle of 81°, and the burn cut holes (2) have a circle diameter of 1800 mm, a hole spacing of 706 mm and a hole depth of 5.4 m;
step 2: arranging first common easer holes (3) and second common easer holes (4) on the sink shaft working face, as shown in FIG. 2;
as a preferred solution, the first common easer holes (3) have a circle diameter of 3100 mm and a hole spacing of 885 mm; and the second common easer holes (4) have a circle diameter of 4300 mm and a hole spacing of 843 mm;
step 3: arranging presplitting easer holes (5) and presplitting empty easer holes (7) on the sink shaft working face, as shown in FIG. 2;
as a preferred solution, the presplitting easer holes (5) have a circle diameter of 5300 mm and a hole spacing of 800 mm, the presplitting empty easer holes (7) are arranged between two presplitting easer holes (5), and the spacing between the presplitting easer holes (5) and the presplitting empty easer holes (7) is 400 mm;
step 4: arranging periphery holes (6) and empty periphery holes (8) on the sink shaft working face, as shown in FIG. 2;
as a preferred solution, the periphery holes (6) have a circle diameter of 6600 mm and a hole spacing of 800 mm, the empty periphery holes (8) are arranged between two periphery holes (6), and the spacing between the periphery holes (6) and the empty periphery holes (8) is 800 mm;
step 5: loading the special multifunctional cartridges filled with explosives into the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6), with the cutting seams parallel to the sink shaft contour line, and plugging with stemming; as a preferred solution, incompressible granular capacity expansion materials such as fine sand can be filled into cavities adjacent to the direction of rocks to be blasted, and particle “jets” produced by the explosion are used to destroy the rocks and enhance crack propagation; and energy-absorbing materials including rubber and foamed aluminum are filled into cavities adjacent to protected surrounding rocks to protect the surrounding rocks; step 6: charging ordinary explosives into the oblique cut holes (1), the burn cut holes (2), the first common easer holes (3) and the second common easer holes (4), and plugging with stemming; step 7: carrying out millisecond blasting, with a blasting sequence as follows: the presplitting easer holes (5), the oblique cut holes (1), the burn cut holes (2), the first common easer holes (3), the second common easer holes (4) and the periphery holes (6); and step 8: deslagging.
It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can make improvements and changes according to the description above, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A blasting method for reducing surrounding rock damage and blasting vibration, characterized by comprising the following steps: step (1): arranging oblique cut holes (1), burn cut holes (2), first common easer holes (3), second common easer holes (4), presplitting easer holes (5) and periphery holes (6) along the roadway contour line on a working face; step (2): providing special multifunctional cartridges with functions of crack number and direction control and energy absorption protection; step (3): loading the special multifunctional cartridges filled with explosives into the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6) by using tamping rods, adjusting the direction of cutting seams of the special multifunctional cartridges to be parallel to the roadway contour line, and charging ordinary cartridged explosives into the oblique cut holes (1), the burn cut holes (2), the first common easer holes (3) and the second common easer holes (4); and step (4): millisecond blasting.
2. The blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), presplitting empty easer holes (7) are uniformly arranged between the presplitting easer holes (5) at intervals, and empty periphery holes (8) are uniformly arranged between the periphery holes (6) at intervals; and in the step (3), the presplitting empty easer holes (7) and the empty periphery holes (8) are not charged.
3. The blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that the diameters of the presplitting empty easer holes (7) and the empty periphery holes (8) are larger than or equal to the diameters of the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6).
4. The blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that the millisecond blasting sequence in the step 4 is that the presplitting easer holes (5) are detonated, and then the oblique cut holes (1), the burn cut holes (2), the first common easer holes (3), the second common easer holes (4) and the periphery holes (6) are sequentially detonated.
5. The blasting method according to claim 4, characterized in that in the step (1), the row spacing between the presplitting easer holes (5) and the periphery holes (6) is larger than the hole spacing between the periphery holes (6) and the empty periphery holes (8) to ensure that through cracks can be formed between the periphery holes (6) to form regular contour surfaces.
6. The blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the multifunctional cartridges comprises an explosive chamber (9), an annular cavity (10) surrounding the explosive chamber and a cutting seam (11) running through the cavity (10); incompressible granular capacity expansion materials including fine sand are filled into cavities adjacent to the direction of rocks to be blasted, and particle “jets” produced by the explosion are used to destroy the rocks and enhance crack propagation; and energy-absorbing materials including rubber and foamed aluminum are filled into cavities adjacent to protected surrounding rocks to protect the surrounding rocks.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU500152A LU500152B1 (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Blasting Method for Reducing Surrounding Rock Damage and Blasting Vibration |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU500152A LU500152B1 (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Blasting Method for Reducing Surrounding Rock Damage and Blasting Vibration |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LU500152B1 true LU500152B1 (en) | 2021-11-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU500152A LU500152B1 (en) | 2021-05-12 | 2021-05-12 | Blasting Method for Reducing Surrounding Rock Damage and Blasting Vibration |
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| Country | Link |
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| LU (1) | LU500152B1 (en) |
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2021
- 2021-05-12 LU LU500152A patent/LU500152B1/en active IP Right Grant
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Effective date: 20211112 |