LU102282B1 - A Method for Improving the Metallurgical Quality of a Laser Modified Zr-alloyed Layer on a Titanium Alloy Surface - Google Patents

A Method for Improving the Metallurgical Quality of a Laser Modified Zr-alloyed Layer on a Titanium Alloy Surface Download PDF

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LU102282B1
LU102282B1 LU102282A LU102282A LU102282B1 LU 102282 B1 LU102282 B1 LU 102282B1 LU 102282 A LU102282 A LU 102282A LU 102282 A LU102282 A LU 102282A LU 102282 B1 LU102282 B1 LU 102282B1
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laser
titanium alloy
molten pool
inferior
equal
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Cong Li
Jian Chen
Wanglin Chen
Pan Xie
Weiying Huang
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Univ Changsha Science & Tech
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/30—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes using a layer of powder or paste on the surface
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/242—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the metallurgical quality of laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on titanium alloy surface. The laser Zr-alloying process window is preliminarily optimized in a pulse laser output mode. The three-dimensional temperature field of the molten pool under the preliminary optimization parameters is calculated using finite element heat transfer model, and the instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool is obtained. The average value Tmax of the peak temperature of the molten pool instantaneous temperature curve is extracted respectively, and the intercept t between the temperature curve and the liquidus in a single pulse cycle and the average cooling rate [xi] in the cooling stage of the molten pool is calculated. According to the principles of 1.5 Tm [inferior/equal to] Tmax [inferior/equal to] 1.6 Tm, 45ms [inferior/equal to] t [inferior/equal to] 90 ms, 1.0 × 10[cubed] °C/s [inferior/equal to] [xi] [inferior/equal to] 5.0 × 10[to the fourth] °C/s, the process parameters were optimized to obtain the optimized process window. According to the optimized process parameters, laser 3D printing is carried out to obtain a compact and high metallurgical quality modified Zr-alloyed layer on the surface. The invention is able to improve the quality of the surface modified Zr-alloyed layer, and further improve the mechanical performance.

Description

A Method for Improving the Metallurgical Quality of a Laser Modified LU102282 Zr-alloyed Layer on a Titanium Alloy Surface Field of the Invention
[0001] The invention relates to the field of laser metal material processing, in particular to a method for improving the metallurgical quality of laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on titanium alloy surface. Background of the Invention
[0002] Titanium alloy characterized by excellent low density, high specific strength and good corrosion resistance has been widely used in aerospace, navigation, energy and chemical industry. However, titanium alloy with the shortcomings of low surface hardness and poor wear resistance is difficult to meet the requirements of wide application in practice.
[0003] At present, the laser cladding modification, as one of titanium alloy surface modification technologies, including micro-arc oxidation, ion implantation, electroless plating, vapor deposition, laser cladding and plasma spraying, is to synchronously transport the powder and the laser beam, irradiate the surface of the substrate by the high energy density laser beam, melt the powder material, and form a modified layer with good metallurgical bonding after rapid solidification. For example, Weng et al. clad SiC on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy and react with the matrix to generate S15Si3 and TiC, thus improving the hardness and wear resistance of the titanium alloy surface. In order to improve the friction and wear properties of TC11 titanium alloy, Jiang Ailong et al. carried out Zr-alloying treatment on the surface of titanium alloy. The results show that the thickness of the Zr-alloying layer is about 25um, and the Zr-alloying layer has uniform structure mainly composed of a-Ti phase. Wu Hongyan et al. used double-layer glow plasma metallization technology to prepare Zr-alloying layer on TC4 titanium alloy surface. It was found that the Zr-alloying layer has continuous, uniform and compact structure, good combination with the matrix, and zirconium content is distributed gradient from the surface layer to the inside of the matrix. The friction coefficient and specific wear rate of Zr-alloyed layer are about 45.9% and 13.6% of TC4 titanium alloy matrix, and the friction and wear properties are obviously improved. In addition, the research shows that the friction and wear properties can be effectively improved by cladding or infiltrating zirconium particles on the surface of titanium alloy by laser cladding technology. However, some pending problems in laser Zr-alloying technology such as pores, cracks and other defects which often occur in the infiltration layer have limited the further application of this technology. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively control the metallurgical quality of titanium alloy during laser Zr-alloying.
[0004] The method provided by the invention is able to improve the mechanical properties of the 1 infiltrated layer by controlling the metallurgical quality of the laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on the| (102282 titanium alloy surface. Description of the Invention
[0005] The object of the invention is to provide a method for improving the metallurgical quality of a laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on the surface of a titanium alloy.
[0006] A method for improve that metallurgical quality of a laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on a titanium alloy surface is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step 1: A lase is set in a pulse laser output mode, and a process window of Zr-alloying on a laser surface is preliminarily optimize to obtain a preliminarily optimized process window with a square laser waveform, a spot of 0.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter, a defocus distance of -2.5 mm, a laser peak power of 700 to 1000W, a repetition frequency of 10 to 40Hz, a duty ratio of 0.6 to 0.9, a scanning speed of 6 to 13mm/s, and a powder feeding quantity of 2 to 7g/min. Step 2: Arbitrarily select a group of preliminarily optimized process parameters, calculate the three-dimensional temperature field of the molten pool under the parameters using a finite element heat transfer model, and extract the instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool center after laser loading for 1.5 seconds. The average value Tmax of the wave peak temperature of the molten pool instantaneous temperature change curve is extracted and calculated. Calculate the intercept t between the temperature change curve in a single pulse cycle and the titanium alloy liquidus in the instantaneous temperature change curve before deriving the temperature drop part on the right side of the temperature change curve in a single pulse cycle, and calculating the average value & of the derivative, that is, to obtain the average cooling rate & of the molten pool, wherein the units of Tmax, t and € are 'C, s and ‘C/s respectively; Step 3: Optimize that technological parameters of lase spot diameter, laser peak power, repetition frequency, duty ratio, defocus distance, scanning speed and powder feeding quantity according to the principles of 1.5 Tm < Tmax < 1.6 Tm, 45ms <t< 90 ms, 1.0 x 10° ‘C/s < E< 5.0 x 10* C/s, wherein Tm is the melting point of titanium alloy; Step 4: Repeat the process form step 2 to step 3 in an ascending order the above parameters until all process parameters are matched, and obtain an optimized process window with a square wave laser waveform, a laser spot diameter of 1.0 to 1.5 mm, a laser peak power of 700 to 850W, a repetition frequency of 10 to 25Hz, a duty ratio of 0.75 to 0.9, a defocus distance of -2.5 mm, a scanning speed of 7 to 12mm/s, and a powder feeding quantity of 3 to 6g/min. Step 5: Carry out laser Zr-alloying on that surface of the titanium alloy according to the above process parameters to obtain a surface Zr-alloying modify layer with compact and high metallurgical quality.
[0007] The titanium alloy includes a-titanium alloy, a+p-titanium alloy and B-titantum alloy.
2
[0008] The scanning path of the process window referred to in step 4 is a one-way path or aLu102782 bidirectional path.
[0009] A optimized process window is obtained through this invention, with a square wave lase waveform, a laser spot of 1.0 to 1.5 mm in diameter, a peak power of lase is 700 to 850W, a repetition frequency of 10 to 25Hz, a duty ratio of 0.75 to 0.9, a defocus quantity of -2.5 mm, a scanning speed of 7 to 12mm/s, and a powder feeding quantity of 3 to 6g/min. Under these conditions, laser Zr-alloying on titanium alloy surface was carried out to obtain a compact and high metallurgical quality surface modified Zr-alloyed layer. Figure Description
[0010] FIG. 1 is a metallographic diagram of a laser Zr-alloying sample on the surface of a titanium alloy obtained in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic diagram of a laser Zr-alloying sample on the surface of titanium alloy obtained by the existing method. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
[0011] Further description of the present invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0012] Embodiment 1 A method for improve that metallurgical quality of a laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on a titanium alloy surface comprises the following steps: A method for improve that metallurgical quality of a laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on a titanium alloy surface is characterize in that it comprises the following steps: Step 1: A lase is set in a pulse laser output mode, and a process window of Zr-alloying on a laser surface is preliminarily optimize to obtain a preliminarily optimized process window with a square laser waveform, a spot of 0.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter, a defocus distance of -2.5 mm, a laser peak power of 700 to 1000W, a repetition frequency of 10 to 40Hz, a duty ratio of 0.6 to 0.9, a scanning speed of 6 to 13mm/s, and a powder feeding quantity of 2 to 7g/min. Step 2: Arbitrarily select a group of preliminarily optimized process parameters, calculate the three-dimensional temperature field of the molten pool under the parameters using a finite element heat transfer model, and extract the instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool center after laser loading for 1.5 seconds. The average value Tmax of the wave peak temperature of the molten pool instantaneous temperature change curve is extracted and calculated. Calculate the intercept t between the temperature change curve in a single pulse cycle and the titanium alloy liquidus in the instantaneous temperature change curve before deriving the temperature drop part on the right side of the temperature change curve in a single pulse cycle, and calculating the average 3 value & of the derivative, that is, to obtain the average cooling rate & of the molten pool, wherein the| y102282 units of Tmax, t and € are 'C, s and ‘C/s respectively; Step 3: Optimize that technological parameters of lase spot diameter, laser peak power, repetition frequency, duty ratio, defocus distance, scanning speed and powder feeding quantity according to the principles of 1.5 Tm < Tmax < 1.6 Tm, 45ms <t<90 ms, 1.0 x 10° C/s < &<5.0 x 10* C/s, wherein Tm is the melting point of titanium alloy; Step 4: Repeat the process form step 2 to step 3 in an ascending order the above parameters until all process parameters are matched, and obtain an optimized process window with a square wave laser waveform, a laser spot diameter of 1.0 to 1.5 mm, a laser peak power of 700 to 850W, a repetition frequency of 10 to 25Hz, a duty ratio of 0.75 to 0.9, a defocus distance of -2.5 mm, a scanning speed of 7 to 12mm/s, and a powder feeding quantity of 3 to 6g/min. Step 5: Carry out laser Zr-alloying on that surface of the titanium alloy according to the above process parameters to obtain a surface Zr-alloying modify layer with compact and high metallurgical quality.
[0013] FIG. 1 is a metallographic diagram of a laser Zr-alloying sample on the obtained titanium alloy surface. According to the figure, the sample is almost completely compact and the internal metallurgical quality is good. Because the method is adopted, the molten pool will be periodically remelted due to the periodic input of laser energy, which is beneficial to the removal of pores. On the other hand, adopting the patented method is able to ensure that the molten pool has sufficient temperature and time (1.5 Tm < Tmax < 1.6 Tm, 45ms <t < 90 ms) in the melting state in a single pulse cycle, which is beneficial to the full wetting and melting of zirconium particles. The above results show that the mechanical properties of the modified layer will be improved by the patented method which is able to improve the metallurgical quality of the modified Zr-alloyed layer.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a metallographic diagram of the laser Zr-alloying sample on the surface of titanium alloy obtained by the existing method after mechanical grinding and polishing. According to the diagram, there are a large number of pores and irregular pores in the sample, indicating that the internal quality of the sample is poor. This may be caused by the involvement of gas in the processing process or the poor wettability of zirconium particles and titanium alloy matrix.
4

Claims (3)

1. A method for improving the metallurgical quality of a laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on alU102282 titanium alloy surface, which is characterize by following steps: Step 1: A lase is set in a pulse laser output mode, and a laser surface Zr-alloying process window is preliminarily optimized to obtain a preliminarily optimized process window with a square laser waveform, a spot of 0.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter, a defocus distance of -2.5 mm, a laser peak power of 700 to 1000W, a repetition frequency of 10 to 40Hz, a duty ratio of 0.6 to 0.9, a scanning speed of 6 to 13mm/s, and a powder feeding quantity of 2 to 7g/min. Step 2: Arbitrarily select a group of preliminarily optimized process parameters, calculate the three-dimensional temperature field of the molten pool under the parameters using a finite element heat transfer model, and extract the instantaneous temperature change curve of the molten pool center after laser loading for 1.5 seconds. The average value Tmax of the wave peak temperature of the molten pool instantaneous temperature change curve is extracted and calculated. Calculate the intercept t between the temperature change curve in a single pulse cycle and the titanium alloy liquidus in the instantaneous temperature change curve before deriving the temperature drop part on the right side of the temperature change curve in a single pulse cycle, and calculating the average value & of the derivative, that is, to obtain the average cooling rate & of the molten pool, wherein the units of Tmax, t and € are ‘C, s and ‘C/s respectively; Step 3: Optimize that technological parameters of lase spot diameter, laser peak power, repetition frequency, duty ratio, defocus distance, scanning speed and powder feeding quantity according to the principles of 1.5 Tm < Tmax < 1.6 Tm, 45ms < t < 90 ms, 1.0 x 10° C/s < &< 5.0 x 10* C/s, wherein Tm is the melting point of titanium alloy; Step 4: Repeat the process form step 2 to step 3 in an ascending order the above parameters until all process parameters are matched, and obtain an optimized process window with a square wave laser waveform, a laser spot diameter of 1.0 to 1.5 mm, a laser peak power of 700 to 850W, a repetition frequency of 10 to 25Hz, a duty ratio of 0.75 to 0.9, a defocus distance of -2.5 mm, a scanning speed of 7 to 12mm/s, and a powder feeding quantity of 3 to 6g/min. Step 5: Carry out laser Zr-alloying on that surface of the titanium alloy according to the above process parameters to obtain a surface Zr-alloying modify layer with compact and high metallurgical quality.
2. A method for improving the metallurgical quality of a laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on the surface of a titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the titanium alloy comprises an a-titanium alloy, an a+B-titanium alloy and a B-titanium alloy.
3. The method for improving the metallurgical quality of laser modified Zr-alloyed layer on titanium alloy surface as referred to in claim 1, is characterized in that the scanning path of the process window is a unidirectional path or a bidirectional path in step 4.
1
LU102282A 2019-12-31 2020-12-15 A Method for Improving the Metallurgical Quality of a Laser Modified Zr-alloyed Layer on a Titanium Alloy Surface LU102282B1 (en)

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CN108754373A (en) * 2018-06-15 2018-11-06 湖南大学 A kind of pulse laser surface melting method for realizing the regulation and control of titanium alloy surface grain form
CN109797360A (en) * 2019-03-14 2019-05-24 太原理工大学 A kind of processing method improving titanium alloy surface wearability

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