LT7186B - HOUSEHOLD BIOHUMUSU COMPOST - Google Patents

Abstract

The household biohumus composter belongs to composting facilities. It can be used to compost biodegradable waste using California earthworms and produce biohumus fertilizer. The composite cylinder consists of the following parts: two plastic strips (1) and (2) with insulation material (3) between them, a bottom (6) with insulation material protecting against temperature fluctuations and a metal mesh (12) protecting against rodents, a ventilation hole (7) with a metal mesh used for biohumus removal and ventilation, a top cover with a plastic strip (13) and a metal mesh (14) protecting against flies and precipitation, a drainage pipe (8) with a plastic container (9) for collecting excess water. In the cold season, the ventilation hole is closed with insulation material (17), the top cover is replaced with an OSB board (4) with foam (5) used to maintain a positive temperature. The best time to remove biohumus is spring or autumn.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

A method of recycling biodegradable waste to produce organic fertilizer. A household biohumus composting plant, which involves the composting of household kitchen and green waste. Biohumus is produced using California Red Earthworms.

PRIOR ART After assessing the negative effects of temperature, time, and transportation on biodegradable waste, it is necessary to compost it at the place of its generation. Biodegradable waste, when disposed of in a landfill, causes undesirable processes:

1. Transported materials contaminate secondary raw materials.

2. Causes high temperatures in the landfill.

3. They release methane and carbon dioxide gases as they decompose.

4. Pollutes environmental groundwater.

5. Increases the risk of infection.

6. It emits unpleasant odors.

When composting biodegradable waste, the following methods are used: cold, hot, fly larvae, and earthworms.

1. Cold method: waste is pressed, crushed, mixed, stored in piles, aerated KR20150142263. Sophisticated technical equipment and large areas far from settlements are used.

2. Hot method: waste is stored in closed storages, sometimes additionally mixed with mycelium as a catalyst to raise the temperature. The fermentation of waste occurs quickly, the temperature reaches 120 °C, then it is crushed and mixed RU2013143384.

3. This is a new method: waste is converted into biohumus using fly larvae RU94012015A, WO2008040033. Sophisticated technical equipment is used.

4. High-quality fertilizer - biohumus. It is obtained by processing fermented biodegradable waste using: California earthworms. Earthworms are used only after making sure that the biodegradable waste does not contain chemicals, oil products, fats, salt and other harmful substances. Thus, California earthworms are not used in landfills, but are most often used on farms, for processing fermented manure and spoiled vegetables into biohumus RU225507C1, RU233960C1.

Three types of structures are used for continuous biohumus production.

1. These are concreted areas 3 m, 4 m wide and 10 m, 20 m, 50 m long with a groove for water drainage. Fermented manure with worms is stacked 0.3 m high and covered with straw or special fabric. RU2547553, RU2008111671, RU2090541. Used for composting large amounts of waste and protecting it from negative temperatures.

2. The bunker structure consists of a rectangular large-capacity box with heating, air supply and water jet. At first, a 0.2 m high fermented manure with earthworms is poured, and later, when it reaches a height of 0.8 m, it is removed. Heating plates RU2013113190 are used to separate the earthworms from the biohumus.

3. The rack structure is used for a continuous process. Boxes with sieve bottoms with fermented manure are placed one on top of the other. The worms move from the bottom to the top. After some time, the bottom box with biohumus is removed RU2108998, RU225S078. These composting facilities require complex engineering structures installed indoors and supervised by qualified personnel.

4. The closest analogue to the proposed invention is patent LT6416. This design is proposed for use in the production of biohumus in a household environment. The design consists of a perforated metal cylinder, an insulated reinforced concrete ring, a metal frame, a drainage pipe, a ventilation hole and a plastic container for excess water. Disadvantages of the analogue: it is stationary, complex earthworks are performed when installing the composting plant - inserting the reinforced concrete ring and the plastic container into the ground. In order to remove the resulting biohumus, it is necessary to move the metal barrel away from the reinforced concrete ring. The metal barrel is subject to corrosion over time and requires repair.

ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

The goal is to obtain organic fertilizer - biohumus at low costs by composting biodegradable waste throughout the year. Taking into account the seasonality of the year, to extend the active period of earthworms. It is necessary to irrigate biodegradable waste with natural precipitation, collect the excess amount of liquid formed, protect it from rodents and flies, create conditions for natural aeration, and not disturb the earthworm population by removing biohumus.

The proposed composting facility is aesthetically pleasing. The precipitation necessary for waste fermentation falls through the top cover with a metal mesh protecting against flies. The size of the composter can be chosen according to need. It is mobile and there is a possibility to change its location when relocating if necessary. There is no need for earthworks. Fully insulated - sides, bottom. And in the cold season, the lid and ventilation hole are insulated, while in the indicated analogue there is only a reinforced concrete ring. Simplified removal of biohumus, this is done only after removing the ventilation grilles. In the indicated analogue, it is necessary to push the metal barrel with biodegradable waste to reach the reinforced concrete ring with biohumus. Over time, the metal cylinder is exposed to corrosion rust, holes appear, which attracts rodents. A composter made of plastic is proposed, the bottom is additionally protected by an iron mesh from rodents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the composting plant during the cold off-season.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of a composting plant during the warm season.

The composter consists of: two plastic strips (1), (2) with 3 cm of thermal insulation (3), a ventilation hole with a sieve (7) at the bottom, a rodent sieve at the bottom of the composter (12), a drainage pipe (8) leading to a container for excess liquid (9) and a 10 cm thermal insulation foam base (6), the top cover consists of a 2 mmx2 mm sieve (14) which is attached to the plastic strip (13). In the cold season, the following are used: the top cover, which consists of an OSB 5 mm board (4), 10 cm of thermal insulation (5), a handle (10), fastening screws (11) and a ventilation cover consisting of a board and thermal insulation (17). Soil (15). Rubber hinges (16).

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

In the preparatory stage, it is necessary to provide a convenient, easily accessible place on the plot, preferably in the shade. Non-degradable waste is loaded by lifting the lid (4) during the cold season and by lifting the belt (13) during the warm season. After filling the composter with biodegradable waste, mature California earthworms are introduced to a height of up to 20 cm. Their amount depends on the amount of biodegradable waste loaded. We monitor that the temperature in the composter does not rise above 35 °C. The pH should be 6.5. The resulting liquid should not exceed the level of the drainage pipe. After a week without rain, it is desirable to water the biodegradable waste in the composter. After half a year or a year, the ventilation screen (7) is removed and the formed biohumus is removed at the height of the ventilation screen. It is important to remove the resulting biohumus over the entire area of the cylinder so that the biohumus fertilizer slides off the top and there is more space to add biodegradable waste.

Claims (6)

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION 1. A household biohumus composter is loaded with biodegradable waste with California earthworms for biohumus production, has an insulated reinforced concrete ring together with a plastic container for collecting excess liquid, a metal cylinder with a lid and ventilation grilles on top of the ring, differing in that the cylinder body is plastic and is not subject to corrosion. 2. A household biohumus composter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder body is insulated and maintains a constant positive temperature. 3. A household biohumus composter according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a lid with a metal sieve during the warm season and protects against flies. 4. A household biohumus composter according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a lid with OSB board and 10 cm of foam for protection against negative temperatures during the cold season. 5. A household biohumus composter according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the composter is insulated with 10 cm of foam to protect against negative temperatures. 6. A household biohumus composter according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation grilles are removable at the bottom for removing the biohumus.