LT7054B - Prefabricated building construction kit, method of manufacturing this kit, and method of constructing a building using this construction kit - Google Patents

Abstract

Prefabricated building construction kit, the method of making said kit and the method of construction works using this construction kit for residential or commercial prefabricated buildings include factory/workshop-made concrete slabs for walls, foundations/floor, floors and/or roofs reinforced with reinforcing mesh and rebars and fixed heat-insulating layer. Using this kit, i.e., connecting the slabs of the construction kit by means of insertion utilising the reinforcements arranged around the perimeter, a homogenous compound of the foundation/floor, floor slabs, roof beams and wall columns is obtained. This solid structure ensures the strength and stability of the structure, quick connection, elimination of cold bridges. This solid structure ensures the strength and stability of the structure, quick connection, elimination of cold bridges.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to the construction industry, more precisely to the field of prefab concrete multi-purpose building constructions, from ready-made concrete building panels for building foundations/floors, walls, ceilings, roofs with a reinforced insulation layer, and the production of these panels.

STATE OF THE ART

When constructing buildings from reinforced concrete structures, a reinforcement frame is usually formed with or without an insulating layer, then the form is placed and concrete is poured. If the frame is without an insulating layer, the building still needs to be insulated later.

Due to the ever-decreasing natural resources, all industries are constantly looking for innovative and efficient solutions that would help to use these resources more efficiently. In the construction sector, a lot of attention is paid to the search for innovative structural solutions, in order to ensure greater safety, reliability, durability, and construction speed of constructions.

Three-layer reinforced concrete walls with insulating material are characterized by tightness and heat accumulation properties, so less energy is used to heat the building. External three-layer wall panels protect against noise, internal partitions reduce airborne and impact sound, and are also guaranteed: fire resistance, mechanical resistance protects against accidental damage, does not allow absorbed precipitation moisture to destroy the structure from the inside, does not require plastering; wall and ceiling constructions are smooth enough that it is enough to putty before painting, it is not necessary to install a suspended ceiling; ready installation; there is no need at all or significantly less cutting and filling of electrical and plumbing ducts after installing the systems.

In the invention patent US11053675 published on July 6, 2021, building construction panels and building construction panel assemblies are presented. The panel comprises a foam insulation core with first and second opposed non-linear longitudinal surfaces, each of the first and second non-linear longitudinal surfaces having a plurality of pockets defined by a plurality of peaks and a plurality of troughs. A reinforcing mesh panel is disposed along at least a portion of each of the first and second longitudinal foam core surfaces. The rebars are at least partially located in the pockets of the foam core surfaces, and concrete is placed on the foam core surfaces and mesh reinforcement panels to secure the rebars. In some embodiments, the reinforcing bars are located between the surface of the foam core and the mesh reinforcement plate. In this case, concreting is done at the construction site and a set of rebars is attached to the foundation of the building by pouring the rebars into concrete. In this way, sufficient strength of the structure is obtained, but forming the structure and pouring concrete at the construction site takes a lot of time, and the quality of the concrete cannot be guaranteed. Bad concrete composition or technological violations can cause damage to the finishing layers of the structure. In addition, it is unclear how other overlays, roof structures are connected to maintain a single, strong, frost-free bridge structure.

Changes in the production technologies of precast concrete elements, product quality, versatility and speed of installation led to the rapid development and recognition of precast concrete structures. However, the global construction sector accounts for around 40% of emissions and around 60% of waste. Concrete production accounts for about 7 percent. of total CO2 emissions. A large amount of CO2 is also emitted during the production and transportation of the steel used for concrete reinforcement. In order to reduce the amount of CO2 gas emitted into the atmosphere, it is necessary to reduce the amount of concrete used and the weight of building structures, without deteriorating the strength characteristics of the structure.

Three-layer reinforced concrete slabs produced in a factory allow better control of the quality of concrete and achieve better strength properties by forming a thinner layer of concrete. The construction time is up to two times shorter than when building structures from other materials, it is easier to ensure the quality of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures than monolithic reinforced concrete structures.

Patent US2020240144, published on July 30, 2020, describes a prefabricated lightweight composite heat-insulating exterior wall panel that includes a heat-insulating central layer, a reinforcing mesh on both sides of the heat-insulating layer, and a concrete layer poured over the reinforcing mesh. The heat-insulating central part has more than one curve along its entire length. Between the adjacent curvatures of the thermal insulation central plate, stable connection elements connecting with the reinforcing mesh are inserted, and prestressed tension rods are placed along the adjacent curvatures of the thermal insulation central plate and between adjacent layers of concrete. This pre-formed composite panel has sufficient stability, but is only intended for walls and has no integration with other building elements such as foundations or decks. In order to use it in construction, it is necessary to form a separate supporting frame, which prolongs the installation process and adds additional costs. In addition, a cold bridge is formed at the connection point.

Precast reinforced concrete structures can be applied to buildings and structures of any purpose. Such building construction is suitable for both public purpose objects: large and small shopping and entertainment centers, shops, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, office buildings, and industrial objects: warehouses, factories, their administrative premises, terminals, etc. The elements of precast reinforced concrete constructions occupy their rightful place in the construction of multi-storey buildings. This is due to fast construction, good quality.

One of the features of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures is the speed of construction. Usually, the frame of a prefabricated reinforced concrete building is made up of separate reinforced concrete elements: columns, beams, plates. All these elements are interrelated. When designing the frame of a prefabricated building, a considerable role is played by the interconnections of the prefabricated elements, or the so-called nodes. Also, when assembling products on the construction site, assemblies of prefab elements are very important. Usually, in the construction of buildings from reinforced concrete elements, initially, the columns are attached to the base through released reinforcing bars or anchor bolts. Columns are fastened to each other with bolts or continuous reinforcement at the connection node, after which beams are usually supported on the console. And this is where the attachment unit for the beam resting on the column appears, as well as the attachment unit for the beam and the cover plate. They are captured using a gate protruding from the console. A neoprene spacer is usually provided between the beam and the console, which evenly distributes the load transmitted by the beam. Later, the walls are built, the blocks are assembled, they are usually connected to each other with epoxy glue, in addition, for the mutual connection of the walls (vertical seams), connecting rods are used. In individual cases, three-layer walls can be fixed by providing other fastening methods (for example, by welding using specially designed inserts).

For the durability and longevity of the structure (building), proper installation of precast reinforced concrete construction joints, their protection from various possible environmental effects (moisture, chemicals) is very important.

Connection units are constantly being improved in order to achieve the highest possible speed of installation using the simplest possible solutions for connecting prefab elements.

Improper assembly of structures can cause damage, which will affect the load-bearing capacity of the structures and the building, as well as their aesthetic appearance.

Many types of buildings are known, in which various elements are fastened together in various ways. Although the known methods of constructing a building have different advantages, they also have a number of disadvantages, one of which is the time it takes to construct a building. For example, the construction of a small high-rise building would normally take several weeks, depending on the building and the construction method used.

There are known individual building elements, such as columns, wall or floor panels, which are connected by hammering. Also with holes or openings into which another building element can be inserted with a projecting reinforced reinforcement, thus ensuring a tight and strong connection of the elements.

For example, on May 10, 2017 published Chinese patent document no. 106638987, a method of connecting a concrete column, in which vertical holes and a vertical groove are formed in the upper plane of the lower part of the precast concrete column, which correspond to the arrangement of the reinforcement protruding from the lower part of the formed upper column. After using the glue in the connecting part, the parts of the column are connected dry. This connection method is convenient and fast. However, it is not linked to other elements of the building.

In another Chinese patent document no. 110644663, published in 2020 January 3 described building reinforced reinforcement floor plate, with connecting elements protruding on the sides, for connecting another floor plate with cavities, also with connecting elements protruding upwards at the edge in the upper part of the plate for connecting to the wall. This concrete floor slab does not have a thermal insulation layer, which causes frost bridges. A lot of reinforcement is used to make the board.

The proposed invention eliminates the mentioned disadvantages: a light, but durable structure is created, the elements of which use significantly less concrete and reinforcement than in traditional concrete structures. The features of this design include quick connection, elimination of cold bridges and production of products fully ready for operation (no additional plastering, painting or other works are required). Due to the light construction, large cranes are not required, installation manipulators are sufficient (for lifting light constructions of several tons). By reducing the amount of concrete (5 times reduction in CO2 emissions), quick installation and dismantling can be achieved, and the products can be reused in other places. The products are fully prepared in the factory and interconnected by special fasteners, they are quickly and easily installed on the construction site, thus saving time and avoiding construction waste. In addition, the lightweight products, which can be transported horizontally on top of each other, reduce transportation costs and environmental pollution.

These concrete structures not only maintain all safety and quality parameters, but are also superior to traditional concrete structures in the following features:

1. Strength - withstands pressure of more than 1000 kg per 1 m ² .

2. Lightness - the weight of 1 m ² is about 70 kg. Due to its lightness, transportation costs are saved, the 80 m ² building fits into 2 trucks;

3. Longevity;

4. Withstanding higher tensile stress (resistance in case of earthquakes);

5. Resistance to crushing, impact, fire, water absorption and other environmental factors; 6. Simple installation with each other, avoiding cold bridges;

7. Complete absence of adhesion in the construction between concrete and thermal insulation material;

8. No possibility of corrosion.

ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

In order to eliminate the mentioned disadvantages, a construction kit for residential or commercial prefab buildings has been developed, which includes factory/workshop-made concrete slabs for walls, foundations/floors, slabs and/or roofs reinforced with reinforcing mesh and rebars, with a thermal insulation layer, using this kit, it is by inserting the panels of the building kit into one-piece joints of the foundation/floor, overlays, roof beams and wall columns. This one-piece construction ensures the strength and stability of the structure, quick connection, elimination of cold bridges.

The prefab construction kit provided includes: fully factory-prepared lightweight, concrete composite panels with thermal insulation layer with internal, external, top, bottom and side surfaces for foundations / floors, overlays, roof, walls including: an internal concrete layer reinforced with reinforcement and reinforcing plaster; outer concrete layer reinforced with reinforcement and reinforcing plaster; a layer of thermal insulation material between the aforementioned concrete layers;

connecting reinforcement passing through all layers, to which the reinforcement and reinforcing mesh in the inner concrete layer and the reinforcement and reinforcing plaster in the outer concrete layer are attached. Due to the strengthening of the place of insertion of the reinforcements in the concrete layer, the reinforcements of the wall panel are embedded in the layer of thermal insulation material, at the edges of the longitudinal part, a recess is formed in such a way that the said reinforcements are arranged along the panel and are surrounded by concrete, moreover, the said reinforcements protrude beyond the limits of the upper and lower surfaces of the wall panel . In the inner concrete layer of the wall corner panel, at the place where the next wall panel will be connected, there is additionally a strip of heat-insulating material layer formed over the entire height, corresponding to the width of the heat-insulating layer on the side surface of the wall panel. And in the slabs of the foundation/floor, overlay, roof, at least a pair of reinforcements parallel to each other at a distance are, due to the strengthening of the place where the reinforcement is anchored in the concrete layer, inserted into the recesses of the thermal insulation material at the edges of the longitudinal part and the transverse part so that they are surrounded by concrete; in addition, in the part of the inner concrete layer of the mentioned foundation / floor, roof slab, where the wall panel is installed, a strip of thermal insulation material corresponding to the width of the thermal insulation layer on the lower surface of the wall panel is formed, and in the place where the wall panel is installed, holes corresponding to those in the wall panel are formed the placement of protruding reinforcements, and in the parts of the inner and outer concrete layers of the cover plate, where the wall plate is installed, there are formed strips of thermal insulation material corresponding to the width of the thermal insulation layer on the lower and upper surfaces of the wall plate, in addition, in the place where the wall plate is installed, there are formed holes in the wall plate corresponding to the width the arrangement of the protruding reinforcements. The roof plate can be additionally pre-formed with a slope.

Due to the structure's strength, lightness, and thermal insulation properties, the armature and the reinforcing mesh are made of glass-decorated material or materials with similar properties.

These concrete slabs are light, because the thickness of the concrete layer is from 1 to 5 cm, the most optimal is 2 cm, the wider part of the concrete layer is only in the places where the reinforcement is installed, and the thickness of the layer of thermal insulation material is from 10 to 25 cm, the optimal is 20 cm, thermal insulation the material layer consists of polyurethane or a material with similar properties.

In order to avoid the need for additional finishing of the constructed building, the outer side surfaces of the slab edge foundation/floor, overlay, roof and wall corner slabs can be poured with concrete during the production/forming of the slabs.

The elements of the construction set of prefabricated buildings are manufactured in a production workshop, they can be manufactured according to the planned project.

During the production of composite panels, it is possible to additionally form a thermal insulation layer into which the heating and cooling elements can be installed on the inner surface side, by leading the tubes or wires of the heating and cooling elements to the outside of the panel, so that it can be connected to the heating and cooling system, as well as integration during the production of the panel and other communications.

A method of manufacturing a prefabricated building construction kit comprising the steps of:

- preparation of the formwork, when each individual thermal insulation layer is formed according to the dimensions of the foundation/floor, wall, wall corner, ceiling, roof panels with cavities for fittings and holes for inserting the connecting fittings; pierces the connecting reinforcement through the holes; lays the reinforcing mesh from the outer side of the thermal insulation layer corresponding to the outer area of the thermal insulation material, and from the inner side to the area corresponding to the construction site of the wall formed in the thermal insulation layer, lays the reinforcement in the cavities formed in the thermal insulation layer, where it is necessary to pierce through the holes formed in the thermal insulation layer, these reinforcing networks and reinforcements connects to each other through joints, in order to keep stable;

- the formation of concrete composite foundation/floor, walls, corners, overlaps, roof panels in individual forms with an insulating layer, when

- the formed formwork is placed in the appropriate form of the foundation/floor, walls, corner, overlaps, roof and poured with concrete mixture;

- removal of the formed plate;

- storage/preparation for transportation.

But for the production of the above-mentioned building kit, it is possible to use separate forms, in which, by pouring concrete, they form foundation / floor, wall, ceiling, corner, roof panels with concrete-coated external side surfaces.

In order to make more panels at the same time, several connected perpendicular forms can be used, thus forming several composite panels, when several forms with formwork placed in them are poured with concrete at the same time.

In order to additionally strengthen the joints of the foundation/floor, walls, ceiling and/or roof panels, additional connecting means, such as plates, can be used to strengthen the joints of the panels.

Prefab buildings are constructed using the aforementioned kit elements, when the foundation/floor panels are laid on the foundation or compacted soil surface where the house is to be built, with the inner surface facing up, and are connected to each other on the side surfaces, due to the formation of a continuous thermal insulation layer throughout the building structure, thermal insulation in the place of the layer, it is connected with thermal insulation glue (such as thermal insulation foam), and in the place where the concrete is used, concrete glue is used. After laying the foundation, the mentioned wall panels are placed with the lower surface down, with the inner surface inward, in those places where the wall is intended, fixed to the foundation / floor, when glue is added to the holes in the foundation / floor panels, the protruding reinforcements of the wall panels are placed in the mentioned holes, the bottom of the wall panels is attached using the thermal insulation layer where the concrete is the concrete glue, next to it, similarly builds and connects the other wall, the adjacent wall panels are connected to each other, using the thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation foam where the concrete is, the concrete glue, and when connecting the corner, connects the side of the wall panel to the edge of the inner surface of the wall corner panel with a strip of thermal insulation layer formed along the entire height of the panel and used where concrete is concrete glue, where the thermal insulation layer is thermal insulation foam. On the walls built in accordance with the project, the overlay panels are laid one next to the other, with the inner surface facing up, they are connected by pouring glue into the holes and putting on the reinforcements protruding from the top of the built walls, and they are fixed in the place where the concrete is with concrete glue, where the insulating layer is with thermal insulation foam, the overlays for the connection of panels on the sides of the panels, in the place where concrete is concrete glue is used, where the insulating layer is thermal insulating foam. For the next floor, the walls are built and connected in the same way as on the foundation/floor slabs. Roof panels are used for the roof, these roof panels are laid and connected analogously to the laying of the cover plate, only with the inner surface facing downwards.

When the foundation/floor, wall, ceiling and/or roof panels are connected to each other according to the presented invention, a single structure is formed with lintels evenly distributed throughout the building, which ensures the strength, stability and evenness of the structure, and a thermal insulation layer distributed continuously throughout the building structure ensures cold elimination of bridges.

These concrete structures not only maintain all safety and quality parameters, but are also superior to traditional concrete structures in the following features:

1. Strength - withstands pressure of more than 1000 kg per 1 m ² .

2. Lightness - the weight of 1 m ² is about 70 kg. Due to its lightness, transportation costs are saved, the 80 m ² building fits into 2 trucks;

3. Longevity;

4. Withstanding higher tensile stress (resistance in case of earthquakes);

5. Resistance to crushing, impact, fire, water absorption and other environmental factors; 6. Simple installation with each other, avoiding cold bridges;

7. Complete absence of adhesion in the structure between concrete and thermal insulation material;

8. No possibility of corrosion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF IMAGES

Fig. 1 - shown, a composite concrete slab with a thermal insulation layer.

Fig. 2 - reveals the layout of the disassembled components of the composite concrete foundation / floor, roof edge panels with a thermal insulation layer.

Fig. 3 - reveals the layout of the components of the composite concrete with a thermal insulation layer of the foundation / floor, the side panels of the roof, with the element of the heating, cooling system.

Fig. 4 - reveals the arrangement of components of a composite concrete wall panel with a thermal insulation layer.

Fig. 5 - reveals a cross-sectional view of the foundation / floor, roof slab, at the connecting armature.

Fig. 6 - reveals a fragment of the connection of the foundation / floor, walls, wall corners and roof panels of the prefabricated building construction kit.

Designations of the elements of the invention:

T, 1", T" - inner concrete layer;

- heating and cooling system;

, 3', 3", 3"' - reinforcement network;

, 4', 4" - armature;

- connecting fittings;

6', 6", 6"', 6"" - thermal insulation layer;

, 7' 7" - formed tape of the thermal insulation layer, on the surface of the plate;

- roof panels;

’, 9”, 9”’ - outer concrete layer;

, 10' - foundation/floor slabs;

,11'- wall panel;

- inner surface;

- external surface;

- upper surface;

- lower surface;

- side surface..

EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

According to the construction project and according to the necessary need for the foundation/floor, walls, overlays and/or roof panels of the building structural elements, rectangular thermal insulation layers (polyurethane/polystyrene) are formed in special forms:

- heat-insulating layer 6” for foundation/floor plate 10 (Fig. 5):

the inner and outer surfaces (12, 13) of the thermal insulation layer (Fig. 1) on the sides, along and across, at the edges and at a distance (preferably, across the width of the thermal insulation layer on the lower surface of the wall panel) are formed by recesses for placing the fittings 4', 4", and in these in the holes removed from the thermal insulation layer, latches can be formed to fix the armature, at the place of construction of the wall, a strip of thermal insulation layer 7" is formed, which coincides with the parameters of the thermal insulation layer 6"' of the lower surface 15 of the panel 11 and during the construction process it rests on the thermal insulation layer 6"' of the lower surface 15 of the wall panel 11. , and the outer edges are formed narrower through the thickness of the concrete layer;

- thermal insulation layer 6' for the foundation/floor edge plate 10' (Fig. 2):

on the inner and outer surfaces (12, 13) of the thermal insulation layer, on the sides, along and across, at the edges and at a distance (preferably, across the width of the thermal insulation layer on the lower surface of the wall panel), recesses are formed for placing fittings 4', 4", and in these recesses it is possible to remove from the thermal insulation layer to form fasteners to fix the armature, at the place of construction of the wall forms a strip of thermal insulation layer 7', which coincides with the parameters of the thermal insulation layer 6"' of the lower surface 15 of the panel 11 and during the building construction process rests on the thermal insulation layer 6"' of the lower surface 15 of the wall panel 11, and the outer edges forms narrower through the thickness of the concrete layer;

- the thermal insulation layer is intended for the cover plate:

the same as the thermal insulation layer 6"" for the foundation/floor plate 10 (Fig. 5), only on both sides of the inner and outer surfaces 12, 13 there is a part of the connection of the formed wall, a strip of the thermal insulation layer 7";

- the thermal insulation layer is intended for the edge panel of the ceiling:

the same as the heat-insulating layer 6' for the foundation/floor edge plate 10' (Fig. 2), only on both sides of the inner and outer surfaces 12,13 there is a part of the connection of the formed wall, a band of the heat-insulating layer 7';

- the thermal insulation layer is intended for the roof plate:

the same as the thermal insulation layer 6"" intended for the foundation/floor plate 10 (Fig. 5), only longitudinally formed with a slope, one edge is higher and descends to the other longitudinal edge;

- the thermal insulation layer 6 is intended for the edge roof plate 8, (Fig. 6):

the same as the thermal insulation layer of the foundation/floor edge panel 6', only longitudinally formed with a slope, one edge is higher and descends to the other longitudinal edge;

- thermal insulation layer 6"' is intended for wall plate 11 (Fig. 4, 6):

on the sides of the inner and outer surfaces (12, 13) of the thermal insulation layer, along the edges, recesses are formed for placing fittings 4, and in these recesses it is possible to form latches from the thermal insulation layer to lock the fittings;

- thermal insulation layer 6" for wall corner panel 11' (Fig. 6):

on the sides of the inner and outer surfaces (12, 13) of the thermal insulation layer, along the edges, recesses are formed for placing the fittings 4, and in these recesses it is possible to form fasteners from the thermal insulation layer to fix the fittings, and on the side of the inner surface 12, at the edge, a strip of the thermal insulation layer 7 is formed, which coincides with the parameters of the thermal insulation layer 6"' of the side surface 16 of the panel 11 and during the building construction process rests on the thermal insulation layer 6"' of the side surface 16 of the wall panel 11, and the outer edge is formed narrower through the thickness of the concrete layer.

After forming the heat-insulating layers of the plates 6, 6', 6", 6"', 6"", the formwork is made, when the connecting reinforcement 5 is placed in the recesses formed in the heat-insulating layers perpendicular to the heat-insulating layer, and in the recesses formed on the sides of the inner and outer surfaces, a gap is rotated where necessary, reinforcement for foundation / floor, ceiling, roof panels 4', for 4" wall panels, reinforcement 4, then on both inner and outer sides of the panels, reinforcing nets 3, 3', 3", 3"' are laid according to the formed thermal insulation layer, and connected on both sides of the plate, reinforcing nets and reinforcements are attached to the connecting reinforcement 5, in the thermal insulation layer of the foundation/floor, ceiling, and roof panels, the tubes for inserting the reinforcements 4 of the wall panels 11, 11' are anchored.

Formed formwork is placed in molds to increase production speed, molds are connected to each other and filled with high-quality concrete.

After the concrete has hardened, the panels are taken out of the form and ready for the construction of the structure.

After forming the elements of the set required for the prefab building according to the project, they are transported to the construction site. Unloading.

Constructs a prefabricated building using the aforementioned kit elements, when the foundation / floor panels 10, 10' are laid on the foundation or compacted surface where the building site of the house is intended, with the inner surface 12 facing up, and connected to each other on the side surfaces 16, due to the integral thermal insulation layer 6 , 6', 6"" throughout the entire structure of the building, in the heat-insulating layer 6, 6', 6"" place, is connected with heat-insulating glue (such as heat-insulating foam), and in the place where concrete is used, concrete glue is used. At the edges, they lay (Fig. 2) the edge panels of the foundation/floor 10'. After laying the foundation/floor, the wall panels 11, 11' are placed with the lower surface (15) down, the inner surface (12) inwards, in the places where the wall is intended, they are attached to the foundation/floor, when in the holes in the foundation/floor panels 10, 10' (tubes) add glue (it can be concrete glue or other glues suitable for locking fittings), insert the protruding fittings 4 of the wall panels 11, 11' into the mentioned holes, fix the bottom of the wall panels using the place where the thermal insulation layer 6", 6'" thermal insulation foam, where concrete, concrete glue, next to it analogically builds and connects another wall, connects adjacent wall panels to each other, using in the place where the thermal insulation layer 6", 6'" thermal insulation foam, where concrete is concrete glue, and when connecting the corner, connects the wall panels 11 side to the edge of the wall corner panel 11' of the inner surface 12 with a thermal insulation layer strip 7 formed along the entire height of the panel and used where concrete is concrete glue, where the thermal insulation layer is thermal insulation foam. Overlay panels are laid side by side on the walls built in accordance with the project, with the inner surface 12 facing upwards, connected by pouring glue into the holes and mounting on the reinforcements 4 protruding from the top of the built walls, and fixed in the place where the concrete is with concrete glue, where the thermal insulation layer is with thermal insulation foam , for the connection of overlay panels on the sides of the panels, in the place where concrete concrete glue is used, where the insulating layer is thermal insulation foam.

For the next floor, the walls are built and connected in the same way as on the foundation/floor slabs 10, 10'. Roof panels are used for the roof, these roof panels 8 are laid and connected analogously to the laying of the cover plate, only the inner surface 12 is directed downwards.

In order to additionally strengthen the interconnection points of the foundation/floor, walls, ceiling and/or roof panels 10, 10', 11, 11' 8, additional connecting means, such as plates, can be used to strengthen the joints of the panels.

By connecting the foundation/floor, wall, cover and/or roof panels 10, 10', 11, 11'8 to each other according to the described invention, a single structure is formed with lintels (rigid edges) evenly distributed throughout the structure, which ensures the strength, stability and evenness, and a thermal insulation layer distributed continuously throughout the entire building structure ensures the elimination of cold bridges.

These concrete structures not only maintain all safety and quality parameters, but are also superior to traditional concrete structures in the following features:

1. Strength - withstands pressure of more than 1000 kg per 1 m ² .

2. Lightness - the weight of 1 m ² is about 70 kg. Due to its lightness, transportation costs are saved, the 80 m ² building fits into 2 trucks;

3. Longevity;

4. Withstanding higher tensile stress (resistance in case of earthquakes);

5. Resistance to crushing, impact, fire, water absorption and other environmental factors; 6. Simple installation with each other, avoiding cold bridges;

7. Complete absence of adhesion in the construction between concrete and thermal insulation material;

8. No possibility of corrosion.

In order to illustrate and describe the present invention, the above description of implementation is provided. This is a partial representation of the building construction system, which can be used to build single or multi-story buildings of various architectures and purposes. When building more than two floors, additional supporting structure solutions are required. This is not an exhaustive or limiting description. Other materials of appropriate strength and insulating properties may be used.

Claims (13)

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION 1. Prefab building construction kit including: fully precast lightweight concrete composite panels with thermal insulation for foundations/floors, walls, overlays, roofs with internal, external, top, bottom and side surfaces (12, 13, 14, 15, 16) comprising: the inner concrete layer reinforced with reinforcement and reinforcing plaster; outer concrete layer reinforced with reinforcement and reinforcing plaster; a layer of thermal insulation material between the aforementioned concrete layers; connecting reinforcement passing through all three layers, to which the reinforcement and reinforcing mesh in the inner concrete layer and the reinforcement and reinforcing plaster in the outer concrete layer are attached, differing in that the reinforcements (4) of the wall plate (11, 1 T) are embedded in in the heat-insulating material layer (6'"), at the edges of the longitudinal part, a recess is formed so that the said reinforcements (4) arranged along the panel are surrounded by concrete and form stiffening edges, and the said reinforcements (4) also protrude beyond the upper and lower surfaces of the wall panel (14, 15) boundaries; wall corner panels (1 T) in the inner concrete layer (9”), in the place where another wall panel will be connected at a right angle, a layer of thermal insulation material (7) is formed over the entire height, flush with the inner surface (12) and corresponding to the wall panels (11) the width of the thermal insulation layer (6”') located on the side surface; in the foundation/floor, overlay (not shown), roof panels (10, 10', 8), at least a pair of mutually parallel reinforcements (4', 4") are inserted into the recesses at the edges of the longitudinal part and the transverse part of the thermal insulation layer so that they are encased in concrete and form stiffening edges; in addition, said foundation/floor roof panels (10, 10', 8) in the part of the inner concrete layer, where the wall panel is installed is a formed band of thermal insulation material layer (7', 7"), flush with the inner surface (12) and corresponding to the wall panels (11, 1 T) the width of the thermal insulation layer on the lower surface (15), in addition, in the place where the wall plate is installed, holes (not shown) are formed corresponding to the arrangement of the protruding reinforcements (4) on the wall plate (11, 11'), and the cover plates (not shown) in the parts of the inner and outer concrete layers, where the wall plate (11) or (11') is installed, there are formed thermal insulation material layer strips corresponding to the thermal insulation on the lower and upper surfaces (14, 15) of the wall plate (11) or (11') the width of the layer, moreover, in the place where the wall plate is installed, holes are formed corresponding to the location of the protruding reinforcements in the wall plate (11) or (11'). 2. Prefab building construction kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof panels (8) are additionally formed with a slope. 3. The construction kit for prefabricated buildings according to any of points 1-2, but differs in that due to the strength, lightness, and thermal insulation properties of the structure, reinforcement (4, 4', 4") and reinforcing plaster (3, 3', 3", 3 ”') are made of a material decorated with glass or similar properties. 4. Prefab building construction kit according to any of points 1-3, but differs in that the thickness of the inner concrete layer (T, 1", T") and the outer concrete layer (9', 9", 9"') is 1- 5 cm, the most optimal 2 cm, the thickness of thermal insulation layers (6, 6', 6", 6"', 6"") is 10-25 cm, the most optimal 20 cm. 5. The construction kit for prefabricated buildings according to any of points 1-4, but differs in that the thermal insulation layer (6, 6', 6", 6"', 6"") is made of polyurethane or a material with similar properties. 6. Prefab building construction kit according to any one of claims 1-5, except that the outer side surfaces of the edge foundation/floor, overlay, roof, wall corner panels are poured with concrete. 7. Prefab building construction kit according to any of items 1-6, but differs in that the elements of the construction kit for prefabricated buildings are manufactured in the factory according to the intended project. 8. Prefab building construction kit according to any one of items 1-7, which is different in that it additionally includes elements of the heating, cooling system (2), built-in, on the inner surface of the composite board, specially formed thermal insulation layer, so that it is possible to connect to the heating and cooling system. 9. A method of manufacturing a prefabricated building construction kit comprising the steps of: preparation of the formwork, when the thermal insulation layer is formed according to the dimensions of the foundation/floor, walls, corners, overlaps, and roof panels; lays reinforcement and reinforcing mesh from the inner and outer sides of the thermal insulation layer, connects these meshes and reinforcements to each other through joints, in order to keep them stable; forming of concrete composite foundation/floor, walls, corner, overlaps, roof slabs in separate forms, placement of formed formwork in corresponding forms of foundation/floor, walls, corner, overlaps, roof; pouring of concrete mixture; removal of the formed plate; storage/preparation for transportation, differing in that the manufacturing method of the construction kit for prefabricated buildings according to any one of items 1-8 includes: - formwork preparation, when forming a separate heat-insulating layer for each foundation/floor, wall, ceiling, roof panels (6, 6', 6", 6"', 6"") with removable fittings (4, 4', 4") and holes for connecting fittings (5); in addition, on the inner surface (12) of the foundation/floor, wall corner, roof panels thermal insulation layer (6', 6", 6"', 6""), and on the sides of the inner and outer surfaces (12, 13) of the cover panels, in places , where the wall panels (11, 1 T) will be fixed, form a strip of thermal insulation material layer (7', 7") matching the parameters of the thermal insulation layer of the lower and/or upper surface (14, 15) of the panel (11, 11'), equal to plates on the inner or outer surface (12, 13); holes are formed in the thermal insulation layer of the foundation/floor, ceiling, roof panels, and the connecting fittings (5) are inserted through the holes; lays, where necessary, pierces the reinforcement (4, 4', 4") from the inner and outer sides of the thermal insulation layer into the formed cavities in the places of the foundation / floor, ceiling, roof panels, where the intended connection of the wall panels forms holes corresponding to the wall panels (11, 11' ) arrangement of the protruding reinforcements. 10. The method of production of a construction kit for prefabricated buildings, according to point 9, differs in that separate forms are used for the production of the said construction kit, in which the foundation/floor, wall, ceiling, corner, roof panels with concrete-covered outer side surfaces are formed by pouring concrete. 11. The method of manufacturing a prefabricated building construction kit according to any one of claims 9, 10, which differs in that it uses several connected perpendicular forms and forms several composite panels by simultaneously pouring concrete into several forms with formwork placed therein. 12. The method of constructing prefabricated buildings, when fully prepared composite concrete foundation/floor slabs (10, 10') are laid in the factory on the foundation or compacted surface where the building site of the house is intended, with the inner surface (12) facing up and connected to each other on the side surfaces ( 16); the fully precast composite concrete wall panels (11, 11') are placed on the decked foundation/floor panels (10, 10'), bottom surface (15) down, inner surface (12) inward, where the wall is provided and secured to foundation/floor (10, 10'), builds and fastens another wall next to it, connects adjacent wall panels (11,11') to each other on the side surfaces (16); when the second floor is being built, fully prepared composite concrete slabs are laid side by side on the upper surface (14) of the built walls (11, 11'), with the inner surface (12) facing up, connected to the upper surface of the built walls and connected to each other on the sides ; for the roof, fully prepared composite concrete roof slabs (8) are used for the roof, these roof slabs (8) are laid side by side on the built walls (11, 1 T) on the upper surface (14), with the inner surface (12) facing down, connected to the built of the upper surface of the walls (14) and connects to each other at the sides (16), differing in that it uses a kit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, where for the connection of the foundation/floor panels (10, 10') the sides of the panels (16) are used at that point, where concrete, concrete glue, where thermal insulation layer thermal insulation foam; glue is poured into the holes in the foundation/floor panels (10, 10'), the protruding reinforcements (4) of the wall panels (11, 1T) are inserted into the mentioned holes, the bottom of the wall panels is fixed using concrete glue where the thermal insulation layer is foam; on the sides (16) of the wall panels (11, 1 T) for mutual connection, in the place where the concrete is concrete glue is used, where the insulating layer is thermal insulation foam, and when connecting the corner, the side of the wall panel (11) is connected to the inner surface of the wall corner panel (11') ( 12) bands of the thermal insulation layer (7) are formed on the longitudinal edge and use concrete glue where the concrete is, and thermal insulation foam where the thermal insulation layer is; after the walls have been built and strengthened, the overlay or roof panels (8) are laid, the holes of which are filled with glue and placed on the reinforcements (4) protruding from the top of the built walls, the overlay or roof panels (8) are used to connect the sides of the panels (16) in the place where the concrete concrete glue, where the insulating layer is thermal insulation foam; when the foundation/floor, wall, ceiling and/or roof panels are connected to each other, a single structure is formed, a single structure with evenly distributed lintels and a thermal insulation layer throughout the building. 13. The method of construction of prefabricated buildings according to point 12, which differs in that at the connection points of the foundation/floor, walls, ceiling and/or roof panels, additional connection means, such as plates, are used to strengthen the connection joints.