LT6813B - Construction elements and their manufacturing method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention belongs to the sector of construction and is related to the method of positioning and joining construction elements by using robotic device controlled by computer. Since the amount of constructions is growing rapidly, the need for processes optimization is growing as well, which leads to a better materials, human resources optimization, the pollution is reduced and effectiveness grows, that is why high quality, fast, economical manufacturing is very relevant. Offered construction and method allows to achieve quality, precision and speed of the construction manufacturing process, which cannot be achieved by typical human work, significantly reduces waste, 95% of raw material is used for direct manufacturing and achieved precision lets to continue with finishing works without a need for additional processes or to use manufactured construction elements as finishing. The manufacturing process of the construction elements is executed in automatic mode, without a need of direct participation of operator, this way operator is secured from hazard materials from manufacturing process, and injuries. The aim of the invention is that manufacturing process of constructions becomes smart combination, which is easily used and combines the applicability of nowadays technologies.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention belongs to the field of the construction sector and relates to a method of arranging and connecting building elements using a computer-controlled robotic device.

Technical field

Robotic equipment is widely used in the construction, manufacturing and repair industries, where the assigned operations are performed by programmable robotic equipment. In industry, robotic equipment is a particularly productive workforce that results in reduced labor costs and increased production productivity. In construction, human resources have a limited amount of energy, accuracy, speed, efficiency. Human resources are saved by using factory-prepared materials, parts that result in additional production and transportation costs, and pollution. In order to use materials more efficiently and reduce construction costs, it is necessary to partially carry out the production process during construction. In this case, the physical workforce becomes unable to compete with the robotic process. The robotic construction process of constructions allows to perform construction works on the construction site with high efficiency, extremely precision, using a large amount of relatively small-sized materials, which become strong structural elements of the building when connected by joints.

The following specific requirements apply to robotic industrial equipment:

they must be easy to set up - usually programmable and calibrated, compact and mobile.

Patent application WO2018124573 (A1) describes a method and material for constructing an outer and inner wall using preformed blocks having a void for filling a heated material during wall production. It is possible to immediately prepare the blocks required for construction with heating material, then the construction process is limited to laying the blocks.

The presented method of wall production practically does not differ from the standard construction methods, where insulated or uninsulated blocks are used. Such construction requires manual labor.

Document ΜΧ2016014846 (A) describes the method and materials of wall production. The process is based on the production of connecting parts, through pre-milled "swallow tail" type joints.

The presented method of wall production is rarely used due to the cost of preparation of expensive building material, distortions of the construction of the finished building. Not very suitable for automated production due to the complexity of block connection. The blocks swell differently from moisture and it becomes impossible to connect their locks - this damages a lot of material.

U.S. Pat. No. 10,253,462 (B1) discloses an automated system for casting concrete walls using a robotic device. The robotic device has interchangeable nozzles that can correct the shape of the wall.

Rain walls made of concrete or foam are extremely uneven. The process itself requires a very well selected mixture, temperature, mixture delivery rate, and so on. Concrete is a heavy material and therefore requires a highly specific and robust system for supplying material over long distances and in large quantities.

The constructions of buildings are mainly distinguished as wooden, bonding concrete (concrete), metal and mixed. There are many methods and equipment for building construction and they all have their own specifics. For safety reasons, the aim is usually to meet or exceed the calculated recommended structural parameters of the building by combining a variety of building materials. Typically, most construction work is done using physical force. Physical labor is a fairly expensive resource whose productivity depends on a great many factors. There is also a risk of injuries and diseases. Due to the variety of building materials and construction methods, builders often confuse or do not know at all which process to perform, resulting in a lot of poor quality work in the building, as a result of which the building may not meet the standard of the project.

The specificity of the production of a house structure from connected blocks is that a large amount of materials needs to be evenly assembled and joined. When doing such work with human resources, the activity becomes too expensive, because the person needs to change work positions in space (possibly scaffolding) and the exact laying of the block takes a very long time, and there is always the possibility of human error. Inaccuracies can lead to significant deviations from the design standards specified in the design, which is not allowed. On-site production of some structural elements, such as rafters, beams, using human resources is even illogical, as accuracy requirements and structural weights would further slow down the work. Therefore, the construction of connected blocks requires special equipment, facilities and special processing methods in order to ensure the construction of the building is accurate, safe and fast. Such a solution becomes financially attractive and therefore applicable. The inconveniences and shortcomings of the patents and patent applications cited above are eliminated by the proposed device and method. It is obvious that the patented device has not been installed so far and has a clear application in the field of production of structural elements. The object of the present invention is to provide an innovative method of manufacturing structural elements of a building using a robotic device.

The essence of the invention

The object of the present invention is the production of structural elements of a building using a robotic device for this purpose.

The proposed production of building structural elements is carried out by connecting relatively small blocks - blocks.

The proposed robotic construction structure of the building consists of a robot with a first appendix unit, a scrap and garbage collection unit, a second appendix unit, a first part holder and a second part holder.

Blocks, which form the cavities of the building structure, the inner wall, the outer wall, the partition, the rafter, the beam, the strut, the lintel, the opening, the fence, the roof, the stairs, the cabinet, the chair, the table and other elements of the building, are positioned and joined by the same process. - quick connector.

Brief description of the drawings:

Drawing 1 - construction elements;

Drawing 2 - structural elements of the building;

Figure 3 - Additional products;

Figure 4 - robotic device;

Figure 5 - Elements of the robotic device;

Description of the invention

The structural elements of the building in Figure 1 are made of blocks (1), which are positioned in space and connected by joints (1a) and / or glued. Using a robotic device (2), the combined longitudinal / transverse connection of the blocks (1) forms a structural element (3) having separate cavities (3a) connecting the arrangement (3b), the arrangement for avoiding the cold bridge (3c), the inner wall (3d), external border (3e). The cavities (3a) are in contact or closed from each other in at least one plane. The cavities (3a) have unlimited forming possibilities (3b, 3c). The cavities (3a) are empty or filled with binding, insulating or other materials. substances. Reinforcement (4) can be provided in the cavities (3a). The armature (4) may have a fastening connection (4b) with the base (4a). The blocks (1) are connected to each other and / or to the foundation (4a) of the building, a base (4c) which can be connected to the foundation (4a) of the building. A waterproofing layer (4d) of the foundation is laid between the foundation (4a) and the foundation (4c). At least one auxiliary device (4e) for orientation in the space of the robotic device (2) and / or blocks (1) is positioned in the provided safe places.

Blocks (1) are any relatively small, substantially identical blocks suitable for the production of a building structure, but their shape can be changed, adapted, have differences. The positioning of the blocks (1) in space can be essentially the same and / or have several connected layers. The connection (a1) is a nail, a fitting, a wood screw and / or any connection suitable for connecting blocks (1). A space orientation device (4d) is any device that has direct or indirect functions that help a robotic device (2) (robot) to orient itself in space and position blocks (1) e.g. (level, laser spirit level, transmitter / receiver, etc.). The aggregate used in the cavities (3a) may be concrete, rock wool, foam or any material required to perform the function of the intended structure. The inner wall (3d) is the inner part of the building. The outer wall (3e) is the outer part of the building. The inner wall (3d) and / or the outer wall (3e) formed by the quick-element connection can be left as the final finish.

Figure 2 shows the structural elements of a building with longitudinally connected joints (1a) and / or glued blocks (1) which, using a robotic device (2) with a support unit (2a), form a long, solid structural element which is used as a partition ( 5), rafter (5a), beam (5b), strut (5c), lintel (5d), opening (5e), fence, roof or other structural element of the structure.

The holding unit (2a) is intended to hold the structural element formed in the required position. The partition (5) is also used as a wall. A space-forming structural element such as a rafter (5a), a beam (beam) (5b), a strut (5c), a lintel (5d), an opening (5e) is supported by a holder or a support assembly (2a).

Figure 3 shows the additional products when the blocks (1) are connected in combination, using a robotic device (2) to produce additional products (6) at the production site, e.g. stairs (6a), cabinets (6b), chairs (6c), tables (6d), etc.

Figure 4 shows a robot - a robotic device (2) with a first appendix assembly (7), a chip collection assembly (7a), a second appendix assembly (8) and blocks (1).

The first and second appendix assemblies (7, 8) have tools (cutting, glue application, filming, etc.). The required shape (e.g. length) of the blocks (1) is formed by a robotic device (2) using the equipment of the first or second appendix assembly, i. cutting equipment for changing the shape of the blocks (1).

The robot elements shown in Figure 5 are a robotic device (2) with a first block holder (2c), a second block holder (2d), blocks (1), a second appendix assembly (8) with appendages (8a), which have unrestricted degrees of freedom of movement, axis (8b) and an axis orientation assembly (8c).

Attachments (8a) are equipment required for spatial orientation of a block (1) processing, positioning or robotic device (2) (saw, laser level, camera, glue machine, nailer, spinner). By using at least one block holder (2c, 2d) it is possible to have a support function and to form structures in space by simulating or supplementing the support unit (2a).

The most appropriate implementation options

A method of manufacturing structural members using a robotic device (2) which is any robot suitable for having at least a first appendix assembly, a chip assembly, a second appendix assembly, a first part holder, a second part holder, or one of them. The robotic device (2) has the possibility to position the blocks (1) indefinitely in space, possibly with block holders (2c, 2d).

The robotic device (2) takes at least one block (1) by means of a block holder (2c, 2d) and places it in a suitable place in the space for the production of a structural element, if necessary it processes it with the help of cutting equipment blocks (1). The blocks (1) are then connected to each other by joints (1a), possibly using a pneumatic nailer, if necessary, applying glue between the blocks (1). The production process is monitored and recorded by a camera, possibly located in the appendix assembly (8a).

The robotic device (2) can be mobile / stationary and have any convenient supply / storage unit / equipment for the blocks (1). The practical size of the blocks (1) is from 0.005 m to 12 m long, from 0.005 m to 3 m wide and from 0.005 m to 3 m high, the best size of the blocks (1) is from 0.45 m to 0.55 m long , 0.04 m to 0.06 m wide and 0.04 m to 0.06 m high, but can be selected according to the solution of the building.

Although the embodiment of the present invention shown in the example and in the drawings is particularly suitable for the production of the above-mentioned structural elements of the building, it is self-evident that other structures can be produced using the method of manufacturing the structural elements. The production of the presented structure can be essentially fully or partially automated, as it is done manually.

The building from the structural elements of the building can be firmly or partially connected to the ground, mobile. The structural elements of a building form the structure of a building. The surfaces of the internal and external manufactured structural elements are relatively smooth, the angles are precise, so it is possible to immediately cover them with finishing materials, or leave the finished work as a final finish.

Other features of the individual units of the proposed device

As the number of buildings grows every year, so does the need for process optimization, which saves materials, human resources and reduces pollution and increases productivity, so high-quality, fast, cost-effective production of buildings is very important. The proposed design and its production method have the following advantages:

enables to perform construction works of building structures with such quality, accuracy and speed, which is usually impossible to achieve with human hand-operated processing tools;

significantly reduces the amount of production waste;

95% of the raw material is used for targeted production;

the obtained accuracy allows to carry out further finishing works without additional preparation or to use the manufactured structural elements as the final finish;

the production of structural elements of the building is carried out in automatic mode, without the direct involvement of the operator in the machining process and thus protects the operator from harmful effects on his health by processing products and injuries.

Claims (15)

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION A method of manufacturing structural elements of a building, comprising arranging and joining blocks (1) longitudinally and / or transversely, characterized in that by positioning in space and connecting the blocks (1), structural elements of the structure are formed: at least cavities (3a), inner wall (3d ), external wall (3e), partition (5), rafter (5a), beam (5b), strut (5c), lintel (5d), opening (5e), roof. A method of manufacturing structural elements of a building according to claim 1, characterized in that before the joints (1) are joined, their shape is changed, adapted, and there are differences. A method of manufacturing structural elements of a building according to claims (1-2), characterized in that the positioning of the blocks (1) in space is substantially the same. A method of manufacturing structural elements according to claims (1-3), characterized in that a structural element such as a rafter (5a), a beam (5b), a strut (5c), a lintel (5d) is formed in space. the opening edge (5e) is held by means of a holder or holding unit (2a). A method of manufacturing structural elements according to claims (1-4), characterized in that the structural element is formed by means of a robotic device (2a) which picks up the block (1), positions the block (1) in a programmed position and connects it. A method of manufacturing structural elements according to claim (5), characterized in that the robotic device (2a) processes the block (1) with the aid of changing the shape of the blocks (1) of the cutting equipment by changing its shape. Method of manufacturing structural elements of a building according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks (1) are connected at least by connections (1a). 8. A structural element of a building produced by arranging and connecting blocks (1) longitudinally and / or transversely according to claims (1-7), characterized in that the size of the blocks (1) is from 0.005 m to 12 m in length, from 0.005 m up to 3 m wide and from 0.005 m to 3 m high, the best size of blocks (1) is from 0.45 m to 0.55 m long, from 0.04 m to 0.06 m wide and from 0.04 m to 0.06 m high. 9. Structural element according to claim (8), characterized in that the cavities (3a) have an insulating material. 10. Structural element according to claims (8-9), characterized in that the cavities (3a) have a binder. 11. Structural element of a building according to claims (8-10), characterized in that the cavities (3a) have an arrangement for avoiding the cold bridge (3c). 12. A structural element of a building according to claims (8-11), characterized in that it has a reinforcement (4) provided in the cavities (3a). 13. A structural element according to claims (8-12), characterized in that the cavities (3a) are closed from each other by at least one plane. 14. A structural element according to claims (8-13), characterized in that it has a plurality of interconnected layers. A robotic device (2) for the production of structural elements of a building, characterized in that it comprises at least cutting equipment for changing the shape of the blocks (1), a first block holder (2c), a second block holder (2d), a first appendix assembly (7), a chip collection unit (7a), a second appendix assembly (8) with appendages (8a) having unrestricted degrees of freedom of movement, an axis (8b), an axis orientation assembly (8c).