LT6244B - Solar power plant with two axis positioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to oriented with respect the sun the solar power plants. Solar power plant comprises rotatable about the vertical axis of the multistory amphitheater form bearing construction (1) on which are mounted oriented about a horizontal axis (9) a solar panels (3) array and a rotatable device (7) of bearing construction. Bearing construction (1) consists of ladder-shaped folding frame (2). Solar battery panels (3) are arranged by arc of supporting structure (1) in floors (4), which are separated with technology channels (5). A base (14) of a frame (2) is fixed to the pivoting platform (6) having an assembled collapsible radial sections (15). Under a platform (6) are fixed two metal rings (19) between which are disposed moving rollers (20) the lateral curved surfaces of which are in contact with the guide ring (19) surface. Rotating device (7) having revolving platform axis (28), the base axis (41), rotating wheel (29) and its supporting ring (30) to which is fixed metal frame (32) on which top ring (33) radial bearing (34) lying sections (15) of pivoting platform (6). Rotating wheel (29) via tooth wheel (39), the pivoting axis of the platform (28) and tooth wheels (40) is connected to an engine (37) or diesel engine (38).

Description

1

The invention relates to the field of solar energy, namely, to solar-oriented solar power plants having a rotating vertical axis bearing structure on which solar cells with a variable angle of rotation with respect to the horizontal axis are mounted.

Recently, in many countries, high-power ground-based solar power plants have been rapidly expanding, with solar cell systems made up of battery matrices, the amount of which and the size of the battery system depend on the installed power and the area of the plot. The solar cell array consists of parallel rows of solar panels, where the battery panels are placed on support frames or other supporting structures. Solar panels are usually set at a fixed optimum angle to the sun to increase solar energy. The power of such power plants can range from hundreds of kilowatts to several hundred megawatts. For example, in 2014 At the end of 2008, the world's largest 550 MW power plant, with around 9 million solar modules installed, was launched in California at 24.6 km2. Although the power of such solar power plants can be increased virtually indefinitely, these plants have very low solar energy efficiency.

Pole-mounted stationary solar systems, for example, in the design according to patent application KR20120100334 (A), in which the angle of inclination of the solar panel to the sun can be changed manually can be quite widespread. Adjusting the angle of the solar panels allows you to get more solar energy. Although such solar cell systems can be used in solar power plants of any size, however, a limited number of solar cells can be mounted on a single pole or similar support to ensure structural stability, especially due to the potential for strong wind. In addition, the installation of such a solar power plant would require very high costs, since it would be necessary to install a large number of piles.

The pole or similar support structures can thus be mounted on a rotating vertical axis or on a vertical and horizontal axis of solar cell systems (e.g., JP2013028953 (A), DE10343374 (Al), GB2503964 (A)). Such rotating systems follow the sun's movement and orientate the solar cells at the best angle to ensure greater solar power. Depending on the latitude position and the tilt angle, batteries 2

The LT 6244 B system rotating devices orient the solar panel plane in the direction of solar movement. Solar cells then receive more sunlight and produce up to 30% more electricity than a stationary system. However, such solar systems, despite their much higher solar energy efficiency, are practically not used in high-power solar power plants for two main reasons - the complexity of the design and low wind resistance, as the supporting structures of such solar systems are based on the rotating axis only. From VV02007011442 (Al) is known a high-power solar power plant with a one-axle positioning system, equipped with a ground-based support structure, arranged in parallel with rows of solar panels mounted on a pivotable horizontal axis of tubes controlled by a common drive mechanism. Such a drive mechanism allows the use of a single-axis solar tracking system, which is a compromise between a purely fixed solar panel layout system and a two-axis solar tracking system. The one-axle solar tracking system makes it possible to increase the efficiency of a solar power plant compared to fixed systems, and is limited to a less complex design that helps prevent significant price increases for most solar power plants with two-axle solar tracking systems.

The closest analogue is a solar power plant with a two-axis positioning system (W02011043757 (Al), which has a rotatable vertical axis bearing structure, on which is mounted an array of horizontal axis-oriented solar panels. The supporting structure is mounted on a base that has at least two octagonal frames, two spacers perpendicular to each other and two diagonal frame elements attached to each corner of the diagonal frame, attached to each corner of the diagonal frame. with other ends attached to adjacent outer sides of an octagonal frame The solar panels are rotated about a horizontal axis on perpendicular holders arranged in parallel rows on the stat. In addition, the supporting structure has a positioning control system that changes the solar energy output according to the solar power output by rotating the supporting structure about the vertical axis and the solar cells 3

LT 6244 B plates for horizontal axis

Solar power plant according to VV020II043757 (Al) supports its application to high-power solar power plants. However, such a supporting structure is complicated and requires a lot of time when installing it due to the numerous details assembled at the site of the power plant unit. Since the supporting structure is lifted on the perpendicular holders - the piles raised above the surface of the structure, on which the panels of the solar panels are fixed, form a large area, it is not resistant to strong wind. In addition, uncomfortable access to solar panels complicates the maintenance of the power plant during its operation. The object of the invention is to create a simpler, easier to assemble, more resistant to wind and to provide a more convenient solar power plant. The object of the invention is achieved by the fact that a solar power plant with a two-axis positioning system has a rotating about a vertical axis in a multi-storey amphitheater bearing structure, on which is mounted an array of oriented solar panels on the horizontal axis, and a rotating device of the supporting structure. The load-bearing structure consists of a staircase frame made of prefabricated rigid elements embedded in solar panels, the array of which is arranged on the hinges of the bearing-supporting structure, separated by technical corridors.

Solar panels are mounted on a frame that is rotated about a horizontal axis between two metal angles. The angle of inclination of the solar panels is adjusted with respect to the horizontal axis by using sliding, such as telescopic, guide rails or programmed pneumatic cylinders or hydraulic cylinders.

The supporting frame of the supporting structure is fixed on a rotatable cylindrical platform with collapsible radial sections. After the platform there are two metal guide rings, which are equipped with movement (slip) rollers, which have a fastening device, bearings and are mounted on a fastening bracket attached to the swivel platform sections. The concave surfaces of the rollers come in contact with the surface of the guide rings. The guide rings are fixed in a tray that has metal supports fixed to the base of the supporting structure.

The rotating device has a pivoting pivot axis, a pivot axis, 4

LT 6244 B rotating wheel and rotating wheel support ring. The metal frame attached to the rotating ring support ring, on which the upper ring radial supports are based on a swivel bracket, a rotary platform axle and a tapered gear is connected to an electric motor or a diesel engine. The bearing axle, which has a bearing bearing mounted on the base, is connected by an electric motor or a diesel engine to the conical gears and a pivoting axle of the platform.

The torque and timing of the electric motor or diesel engine of the rotary drive is controlled by a maximum power tracking (MPPT) charging controller. An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a solar power plant with a two-axis positioning system.

FIG. Figure 2 shows the construction of solar panels.

FIG. Fig. 3 shows the attachment of movement rollers to the swivel platform sections.

FIG. Fig. 4 shows the construction of the rotary device and the attachment of the swivel platform sections to the rotary device;

FIG. Figure 5 shows the main mechanisms and assemblies of the rotary device.

The solar power plant has a multi-storey amphitheater supporting structure 1 (Fig. 1). Constructively, the supporting structure 1 consists of a prefabricated metal frame 2 consisting, for example, of angles of aluminum or other light alloys. The metal frame 2 is provided with solar panels 3, the array of which is arranged in the arc-bearing layers 1 of the structure 4, which are separated by the technical corridors 5. The supporting structure 1 is fixed on the swivel platform 6 and the rotation device 7.

Solar panels 3 (Fig. 2), mounted on a frame 8, which is rotated about a horizontal axis 9] between two metal angles 10. One axle 9 can be fitted with up to ten solar panels 3 (a specific number is determined by the project). The angle of inclination of the solar panels 3 with respect to the horizontal axis 9 can be adjusted by means of spacers, such as telescopic guides 11, positioning screws 12 and metal angular ruler 5.

13. The guide rails 11 can be replaced by standard pneumatic cylinders (ISO 1552) or hydraulic cylinders operated from a solar panel control panel operator display with a programmable logic controller (not shown in the drawing).

The base 14 of the supporting structure 1 frame 2 is mounted on a pivoting platform 6, which has assembled-disassembled radial sections 15, interconnected by connecting members 16, such as trigger latches. Technological ladders 17 for mounting and maintenance work, placed on a swivel platform 6. A cargo-passenger elevator 18 is used to install solar panels 3 on the floor 4 of the supporting structure 1, where the construction 1 has, for example, at least five floors.

After the platform 6 there are two metal guide rings 19, including movement (slip) rollers 20, whose lateral concave surfaces are in contact with the surface of the guide rings 19 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3). The guide rings 19 are secured to the tray 21, which has metal supports 22 mounted on the base of the supporting structure 1 23. The rollers 20 having the fastening device 24 and the bearings 25 (Fig. 3) are mounted on the fastening clamp 26, which is fastened, for example, with screws. 27 to section 6 of the swivel platform 15.

The rotary device 7 (Fig. 1, Fig. 5) has a rotary axis 6, a rotary axis 28, a rotary wheel 29 with a support ring 30 and a sliding bearing 29 of a spinning wheel 29. Attaching a metal frame 32 to the support ring 30 by screws or welding means (Fig. 4). The frame 32 consists of an upper ring 33 and a standing triangular radial bracket 34 which is attached to the support ring 30, the upper ring 33 and the base 35. The radial brackets 34 may be made of solid metal and secured to the supporting ring 30, the upper ring 33 and the metal. base 35 screws (not shown). The swivel platform 6 sections 15 have holes 36 for fastening the rotating wheel 29 to the swivel platform 6 sections 15.

The metal base 35 is also fitted with a rotary device 7 with its electric motor 37 and a diesel engine 38. The rotating wheel 29 is connected to the electric motor 37 and the diesel motor 38 by a rotary axis 28 and a conical gear 40. the rotary axis 41 has a bearing bearing 42 [mounted on a metal base 35.] 6

LT 6244 B

The torque and duration of the electric motor 37 and the diesel engine 38 of the rotary device 7 are controlled by a maximum power tracking (MPPT) solar battery charge controller (not shown). On the MPPT controller, the timing of the motors 37 and 38 is programmed or set by the automatic control system depending on the maximum solar cell power point. The control of the MPPT controller is performed from the control panel with the display using a typical power dispatching and quality management system (not shown in the drawing). The programmable relays of the MPPT controller via the logic circuits of the electrical automation unit and high power automation (high power electric vending machines and actuators) switch the connection of the high power power supply to the electric motors 37 and 38 of the rotary device 7.

The rotation of the motor 37 or 38 shaft is transmitted to the rotary axis 28 through the taper teeth of the rotary device 7. The rotary axis 28 transmits the torque to the spinning wheel 29 through the gearing 39, which transmits the rotational movement 15 through the bolted joints 36 and the collapsible radial sections 15 to the guide rings 19 the rotary rollers 20 continue to rotate the entire support structure with the solar panels 3 in a horizontal plane.

The sliding of the rollers 20 is due to the low coefficient of friction μ of the contact metal rings 19 and the concave motion rollers 20 and, consequently, the low friction Ffr between their contact surfaces. The slip friction coefficient μ shall be determined on the test track by measuring the traction power module under steady linear motion according to a formula known to the mechanic:

Ftr = μ · N, where μ is the friction coefficient of the slip, the force of the normal reaction of the N-support (normal pressure),

Ftr - the frictional force of slip.

With smooth (no acceleration) linear motion in the horizontal plane, the traction force modulus F is equal to the slip friction force module Ftr and the normal pressure force N is equal to the force (weight) force module p, ie F = Ftr, N - P. So the test track slip friction the coefficient can be practically determined by the formula: 7

LT 6244 B μ = F / P, where F is the traction force, P- weight.

The size of the slip friction coefficient μ depends on the nature of the guide rings 19, the movement (slip) rolls 20 and the cleanliness (quality) of their machining. Coating of the oxide films and the use of liquid ointments on the contact surfaces of the metal rings 19 and the movement rolls 20 allows a significant reduction in the slip friction and enables the reduction of energy costs required to rotate the entire support structure 1.

The optimum tilt angle orientation of solar panels 3 or their sections mounted on the support structure 1 is performed in manual or automatic mode. In the manual mode for optimum tilt angle, a flat angle graded metal ruler 13, floating guides 11 and positioning screws 12 are used. The angle of inclination of the solar panels 3 or sections thereof relative to the horizontal axis 9 of the supporting structure 1 is determined by the scale of the angle ruler 13 and secured with screws. 12.

When selecting an automated mode for setting the optimum swing angle in the horizontal direction, the guides 11 are constructively replaced by pneumatic cylinders or hydrocylinders. This change makes it possible to select the optimum swing angle of solar panels 3 from the control panel. Pneumatic cylinders and hydraulic cylinders are controlled via MPPT controllers and programmable controllers according to program-controlled time intervals or according to the maximum capacity of solar panels 3 (sections).

The described solar power plant with two-axis positioning system on a swivel platform 6 can be operated using typical schematic solutions based on the use of batteries and electrical switching equipment or schematic solutions without batteries - in warm climate countries and regions.

Claims (11)

8 LT 6244 B Definition of the invention 1. Solar power plant with a two-axis positioning system having a rotatable support (1) on a vertical axis, on which is mounted an array of solar panels (3) oriented on a horizontal axis (9), and a rotating device for the support structure (7), characterized in that the retaining structure (1) is in the form of a multi-storey amphitheater consisting of a staircase (2) of rigid elements assembled, on which the solar panels (3) are mounted on the frame (2), the array of which is arranged in an arc bearing (4) on the floors (4) of the structure (1), which are separated by technical corridors (5). 2. Solar power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar panels (3) are mounted on a frame (8) which is rotated about a horizontal axis (9) between two metal angles (10). 3. Solar power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the solar panels (3) with respect to the horizontal axis (9) is controlled by the use of sliding guide rails (11) or programmable pneumatic cylinders or hydraulic cylinders. 4. Solar power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (14) of the frame (2) of the supporting structure (1) is mounted on a swivel platform (6) having collapsible radial sections (15). 5. Solar power plant according to claim 4, characterized in that two metal guide rings (19) are mounted under the platform (6), including movement rollers (20), whose lateral concave surfaces are in contact with the surface of the guide rings (19). 6. Solar power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the guide rings (19) are fixed in a trough (21) which has metal supports (22) fixed to the base (23) of the supporting structure (1). 7. Solar power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the rollers (20) have a fastening device (24), bearings (25) and are mounted on a fastening clamp (26) secured to sections (15) of the swivel platform (6). 8. Solar power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating device (7) has a pivoting platform axis (28), a bearing shaft (41), a rotating wheel (29) and a support ring (30) of the rotating wheel (29). 9 EN 6244 B 9 Solar power plant according to claim 8, characterized in that a metal frame (32) on which the radial brackets (34) of the upper ring (33) are based on a swivel platform (6) is attached to the ring (30) of the rotating wheel (29). ) sections (15) having holes (36) for fastening the rotating wheel (29). 10. Solar power plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the rotating wheel (29) is connected to the electric motor (37) or the diesel engine (38) via a rack pin (39), a pivoting platform axle (28) and a conical pinion (40). 11. Solar power plant according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the bearing axis (41) has a bearing bearing (42) mounted on the base (35) and that the bearing axis (41) is connected to the electric motor by means of a taper (40) (37). ) or a diesel engine (38) and a rotary platform axle (28). 12. The solar power plant according to claim 11, wherein the actuation moment and duration of the drive electric motor (37) or diesel engine (38) is controlled by a maximum power tracking (MPPT) charge controller.