LT5422B - Device and method for recycling waste tires of vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The offered method and device for waste tires of vehicles has the following distinctive features. The method comprises serial technologic operations: an establishing mechanical tension in tyre cover, an intensive refrigerating lower than rubber crumbling temperature, a rubber destruction by ozone and cover destruction in small parts. All technologic operations of tyre destruction, rubber separation from steel and synthetic cord effect in the same apparatus. For that purpose apparatus comprisesa removable top. Devices are fixed on a top. Devices can be used for fixing some tires and for creating mechanical tension in rubber.

Description

Area of application

This device and method can be used by tire companies or technical rubber factories to obtain rubber crumbs, which will be further processed to produce the required rubber products. The machine can be used in the construction industry where tire recycling components - rubber crumbs, steel and synthetic (viscous) cords - are used in road construction and in the production of certain reinforced concrete, insulating and building structures.

On the basis of the proposed equipment, an independent recycling company for used tires and the production of modified rubber can be established.

Existing analogs

There are known methods of using a vehicle recycling system for worn tires using cryogenic cooling or ozone treatment of the tire, for example:

US Patent 5,385,307, TPK B02C 18/26, B02C 23/18, B02C 23/40;

U.S. Patent 5,264,640, U.S. Pat. 264/37, 83, 585/241;

U.S. Patent 5,369,215, U.S. Pat. 264/37, 83, 585/241;

U.S. Patent 5,683,038, U.S. Pat. 241/1; 24.13; 24.17; B02C 019/00;

U.S. Patent No. 5,758,831, U.S. Pat. 241/1; 23.65, 301; B02C 019/18;

US Patent - 5,888,600, TPK B02C 19/02, B02C 23/08;

U.S. Patent 6,277,248, U.S. Pat. 201/175; 422 / 186.17; B01J 019/08;

U.S. Patent 6,277,347, U.S. Pat. 423 / 240R; 204/169; 204/176; C01B 007/00

U.S. Patent 6,364,225, U.S. Pat. 241 / 41,241 / 24.11, 24.12

US Patent 6,543,618, U.S. Pat. 209/11; 425/200, 202; B29B 017/02;

U.S. Patent No. 6,581,816, U.S. Pat. 228/4/5; 228/180/5; B23K 031/02;

US Patent 6,655,167, U.S. Pat. 62/320; 62/64; 241/23, 65, 17, 62;

U.S. Patent 6,726,136 b2, U.S. Pat. 241/65;

Russian patent no. 2060882, TPK B029B 17/02;

Russian patent no. 211 1859, TPK B029B 17/00, C08J 11/10;

Russian patent no. 2123425, TPK B029B 17/00, B02C 18/44, C08J 11/16;

Russian patent no. 2144461, TPK B029B 17/00.

Companies: OK Tech Ine. (US), OK Tech Alliance Ltd. (UK), OK Ruber (Thai) Co. (Thailand), and several other companies use ozone-based tire recycling equipment. Known devices consist of identical machines and apparatus. The facilities include: pre-crushed whole-tire aggregates, ozone chambers, cord-sorting machines, rubber crushers. Some companies use technologies that use ozone crushing and tire processing in one machine, which reduces the number of machine units and shortens the time needed to move from one machine to another. The aforementioned equipment has several common disadvantages:

the use of tire shredding equipment and technologies; ozone is applied unevenly to the tire surface being treated; high losses of rubber crumbs that remain on the cord surface; high ozone costs and increased processing time.

The device according to U.S. Patent 5,492,657 is the closest analogue of the proposed technical solution. The patent uses ozone tire disruption technology, where the tire is not pre-exposed to destruction, i.e. non-destructive in large pieces. Two pairs of press rollers are used to create mechanical stresses in the tire rubber casing. The tire slides between the rollers and is then fed with ozone. The main disadvantage of this technology is that the tire is loaded externally. Mechanical stresses only occur along the contact line of the rollers. Ozone is also supplied from one side, which causes the rubber sheath to be disassembled on one side and mainly on the outside diameter. The cord retains a significant amount of rubber in excess of 20% by weight.

The essence of the invention

The proposed method and device have substantial differences from known techniques and devices at the prior art. Worn-out tires are recycled in a combination process that involves several sequential technological operations:

evenly distributed mechanical stresses in the rubber casing of the whole tire;

the tire rubber is intensively cooled (frozen) to a temperature 5 to 12 ° C lower than the rubbing temperature of the rubber by one of the known methods, such as cold air;

oxidation of hydrocarbon compounds to the rubber by treating it with ozone, which is deposited on the outer and inner surfaces of the tire;

breaking down the tire rubber casing and separating the rubber from the steel and synthetic cord;

the rubber bumps are crushed to one size and modified by one of the mechanical means.

The device for applying said method also has several characteristic features. The machine is equipped with an apparatus that performs all the above operations sequentially. The apparatus is connected to an ozone generator and a destructor and piped to the refrigerator air cooler. In addition, a separator, such as a cyclone type, is mounted in the line for extracting air from the apparatus chamber. The apparatus is equipped with a removable cover on which are mounted devices (manipulators) for securing and securing several tires. The force mechanisms of the said manipulators ensure the creation of mechanical stresses in the rubber casing. Manifolds are provided on the tire surface along the walls of the machine chamber to supply ozone. The manifolds are connected to a pipeline supplying ozone from an ozone generator with a control valve mounted on said pipeline. This control valve ensures stabilization of the manifold pressure and uniform velocity of ozone supply to the surface. The apparatus is also coupled to a screen, such as an inertial type having a discharge end fitted with a steel and synthetic cord separation device. In addition, the machine is connected to machines for grinding rubber bumps, steel wire and synthetic filaments.

The invention will be further explained by reference to the drawing, which shows the principle technological scheme of the device for implementing the proposed method of recycling used car tires.

The proposed unit (see figure) includes the following assemblies and assemblies: tire tire wrapping and rubber stripping machine 1, ozone generating unit, eg from the atmosphere, cooling unit 3, for example, with a low temperature cascade refrigerating machine 4, a unit of equipment 5 for separating the rubber crumbs from the cord, crushing the rubber and subsequently supplying it for packaging.

The apparatus 1 has a rectangular chamber 6 with a conical bottom 7 attached thereto. The apparatus is provided with a removable cover 8 on which are mounted manipulator 9 with actuators 10. The manipulator 9 is intended to secure the tires 11 and to create mechanical stresses in the casing. Bottom 7 has a discharge port 12. Chamber 6 is provided with conduits 13 and 14 for supplying and venting cold air, and conduits 15 and 16 for supplying ozone and directing unused ozone. The ozone generator 2 comprises an air dehumidifier 17 which is connected to the intake side of the compressor 18. The pressure side of the compressor 18 is connected to a gas concentrator 19 which is connected to an ozone generator 20. The ozone generator 20 is connected to a power supply unit 21. piping la is connected to the conduit 1 of the apparatus 1 15. The internal cavity of apparatus 1 is connected via conduit lb to the ozone destructor 22 and the exhaust fan 23 by means of a conduit 16b with a shut-off valve 24 and a control valve 25. 3 consists of a refrigerating machine 4, an air cooler 27 having a heating element 28, a fan 29 and a cyclone 30. The air cooler 27 is connected by a pipe 2a to a pipe 13 for supplying cold air to the chamber 6 of the apparatus 1. cyclone 30 and fans 29. The shut-off valves 31a and 31b on the pipelines 2a and 2b. The air cooler 27 is connected to the refrigerator 4 by piping 3a and 3b. The control valve 32 is mounted on the pipeline 2a and the shut-off valve 33 on the pipeline 3b. The block 5 has a screen 34, for example, of a flat type having a discharge unit 35 for separating the cord from the rubber crumbs, a screw conveyor 36 connected to a crumb mill. 37. The shredder 37 has a sluice closure 38 which is connected to a pneumatic conveyor line 40 by a pipe 39, the screen 7 having a dust shield 41 on which a hopper 42 of a machine 43 for crushing steel and synthetic cord is flanged. Block A. The machine 43 has a slider closure 44 and a chopped material collector 45, which is connected to a pneumatic operating separator 46. The separator 46 has a collector 47 for collecting steel shredded wire and a collector 48 for collecting chopped synthetic yarns. The pickup 47 is mounted above a conveyor 49 which is parallel to the magnetic separator 50 in a parallel plane and is dropped from the magnetic separator 50 into the hopper 51 and then into the hopper 52. The conveyor 49 is connected to the hopper 53 having a vibrating mesh bottom 54. The hopper 53 has a pipe 55 which is connected to a pneumatic transport system 56. A hopper 58 is connected to the system 56 by a pipe 57 which is connected to a separator 46 collector 48. The hopper 58 has a vibrating mesh bottom 59. From the bins 53 and 58 the rubber crumbs enter respectively accumulators 60 and 61, and synthetic filaments enter the picker62.

The device works this way.

The tires 11 are mounted on manipulators 9 mounted on a removable cover 8. The actuators 10 are mounted on manipulators which also create mechanical stresses in the rubber casing. The cover 8 with tires 11 is placed on the injection flange of the chamber 1 of the apparatus 1. The refrigerator 4 is switched on, which provides cooling of the air in the air cooler 27. The air is circulated by the fan 28. In order to achieve the required cold air temperature, for example minus 80-85 ° C, the circulation is by the bypass line (not shown). When the set cold air temperature is reached, the shut-off valves 31a and 31b are opened and cold air enters chamber 1 of apparatus 1 through vent 13, air is vented from chamber 6 to vent fan 29, air passes through cyclone 30 to remove dust or air. The particles are then fed back to the air cooler 27 for cooling and further to chamber 1 of the apparatus 6. The intensive rubber cooling (freezing) operation is carried out for 5-6 minutes until the rubber temperature is 5-12 ° C below the fracture temperature. When the set temperature is reached, the shut-off valves 31a and 31 are closed and the operating mode of the refrigerator is changed to maintain the cooling temperature in the air cooler 27. Cooled (frozen) tires are destroyed by ozone. To this end, an ozone generating device 2 is actuated. The gas containing ozone is injected from the ozone generator 20 into the chamber 6 of the apparatus 1 through a pipeline la to create a pressure of almost 2.5 bar. Before introducing the ozone into the chamber 6, a valve 26 is opened on the conduit 1b to direct a portion of the ozone that has not reacted with the rubber. The fan 23 and the ozone destructor 22 are switched on at the same time as opening a valve 24 on the pipeline la to supply the ozone to the apparatus 1. A constant valve 25 is mounted on the pipeline la to maintain constant pressure by supplying ozone to the chamber 6. -6 minutes. When released on the rubber surface, ozone, being the strongest oxidant, reacts intensively with hydrocarbon compounds at locations of mechanical stress concentrations. The tire's rubber wrap eventually begins to crumble. 5-10 mm pieces of rubber are formed. The size of rubber crumbs depends on the ozone concentration in the gas. The concentration of ozone in the gas when extracted from air is 5-6% (parts by weight). The resulting rubber crumbs enter the bottom 7 and accumulate during the process of disassembling the shell and separating the rubber from the cord. After interrupting the ozone supply for 0.5 to 1.0 minutes, opening 12 is opened and the crumbs are placed on a sieve 34 sieve. The actuators 10 of the manipulators 9, which drop the cord through the open hole 12 on the sieve 34, are actuated. The device 35 provided in the outlet section of the screen 34 ensures complete separation of the cord from the rubber crumbs. The crumbs pass through the sieve holes into the sieve trough and are further conveyed by a screw conveyor 36 to a crusher 37. The crushed crumbs of a predetermined size are fed through a sluice closure 38 into a nozzle 39 connected to a pneumatic transport line 40 to feed the crumbs into a wrapping machine.

The steel wire and synthetic cord yarn, separated from the rubber by means 35, are fed into the hopper 42 of the machine 43. Here the wire and thread are cut into pieces of 15-20 mm. The wire and thread pieces are fed through a closure 44 to a chopped material collector 45, from where they are evenly directed to a pneumatic separator 46. The steel wire pieces fall into the collector 47, and the synthetic filaments are fed into the collector 48 and further into a hopper 58 where slight air is maintained. depletion relative to the air pressure in the separator. From the pick-up 47, the pieces of steel wire are fed to a conveyor 49, from which the wire is removed by a magnetic separator 50 and fed to a hopper 51 and then to a conveyor 52. In addition, a certain amount of synthetic filament hopper 53. In hopper 53 and hopper 58, vibratory mesh bottoms 54 and 59 are used to separate the rubber remaining on the synthetic filaments. From the hopper 53 and 58, pieces of synthetic yarn are piped 55 and 57 to the pneumatic transport system 56 and routed to the hopper 62. From the hopper 62, the yarn is periodically passed for packaging.

The proposed method is implemented in this way.

In the mounted manipulators, the tires are powered by rubber mechanisms

Λ Mechanical stresses of almost 0.4-0.6 kgTcm. The cover 14 with the tires 11 is provided with the injection flange of the chamber 1 of the apparatus 1. Intensive rubber cooling (freezing) is performed, for example, when supplying cold air. For example, a cascade refrigeration machine 4 with an air cooler 27 is used for hot air, in which the refrigerant is immediately closed. The air is cooled in an air cooler to minus 80-85 ° C. From the air cooler 27, cold air is supplied to the chamber 6. The air velocity in the housing is about 20-25 m / s. Depending on the rubber properties of the tires, the freezing speed is 5-7 minutes.

The tires are frozen to a temperature 5-12 ° C lower than the crumbling temperature. When the set freezing temperature is reached, the cold air supply is cut off. The next step is to treat the rubber with ozone. To this end, gas containing ozone is introduced into the chamber 6 through a nozzle 15. The concentration of ozone in gas is 6-11%. Distribution manifolds shall be set at an ozone pressure within the range 0,2 to 0,3 at. This ensures normal gas delivery rates and an even distribution over each tire surface. The tire rubber is treated for 4-5 minutes. A portion of the ozone that has not reacted with the rubber is then routed through the conduit 16 to the ozone destructor 22 through the conduit 16 to remove unused ozone from the fan 23. The ozone treatment of the rubber undergoes an oxidation reaction of the hydrocarbon compounds. The processed rubber shreds into small pieces of 5-10 mm size. In addition, rubber is separated from steel wire and synthetic cord yarn. The rubber, separated from the cord, is collected in the lower part of the bottom 7. The supply of ozone to the chamber 6 is interrupted, the ozone residue is removed from the chamber, the opening 12 is opened and the rubber crumbs are placed on a sieve 34. By means of the actuators 10, the power mechanisms of the manipulators 9 are reset. The steel and synthetic cord also passes through the orifice 12 on the sieve 34. The rubber is separated from the cord and the cord is completely separated from the crumbs. The steel and synthetic cord is fed into a machine 43 for shredding into 15-20 mm pieces, and the rubber crumbs are fed into a machine 37 for shredding by a conveyor 36. All other sorting and transport operations shall be carried out by known methods.

The main advantages of the method and the device

The advantages of the method and the device ensure the aim of the invention: to increase the yield of pure product, rubber crumbs, to reduce the energy consumption per unit of production.

Advantages of the method:

the necessary mechanical stresses are created by the stretching method, which ensures their uniform distribution on the tire surface;

intensive cooling (freezing) increases the number of micro-cracks rubber becomes brittle;

ozone treatment of rubber in high tension conditions accelerates the tire wrapping process by reducing the energy consumption of recycled tires by a combination method of 2.5 to 3.0 times that of known techniques.

Advantages of the device:

the device allows to create mechanical stresses in the tire casing, freeze and process the rubber in one machine;

technology and equipment are classified as environmentally safe production and can be used without restriction in any area;

the number of units of machinery and equipment in the machine is lower than in any other tire recycling technology.

Claims (10)

Definition of the Invention 1. A method of recycling a worn-out tire of a vehicle comprising providing mechanical tension in the tires and treating the rubber with ozone, characterized in that all tires in the rubber casing create tension by twisting the tire along its longitudinal plane and then intensively cooling (freezing) 5-12 ° C lower than the breaking temperature of the rubber, it performs the oxidation reaction of the hydrocarbon compounds in particular at stress concentrations, supplying ozone to the outer and inner surface of the tire, while separating the rubber from the steel and synthetic cord. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tire surface is disrupted by the tire and exerted on the outer and inner side of the tire in the longitudinal plane direction. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the additional mechanical stresses are produced by intense rubber cooling (freezing). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure in the ozone supply manifolds is maintained within the range of 0.15 to 0.3 at. 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the ozone outlet from the collector openings does not exceed 20-25 m / s. 6. Vehicle worn tire recycling machine, comprising an ozone generator and a destructor tire recycling machine, a rubber crumb separator unit connected to a rubber wrapping machine, characterized in that the machine is equipped with a sequential technological machine. technological operations of tension generation, cooling, oxidation, disintegration of the rubber wrap and separation of the rubber from the cord. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the technological operation apparatus is connected to an ozone generator and a destructor and piped to a cold source such as a refrigerator air cooler. 8. A device as claimed in claim 6, 7, characterized in that the technological operation apparatus has a removable cover, on which are mounted manipulators for securing and securing the tires and creating stresses in the tire casing. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the inlet conduit for the ozone delivery chamber to the processor comprises a control valve for stabilizing the pressure and velocity of the introduction of the ozone to the surface of the tire being treated. 10. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the refrigerant supply and discharge piping are provided with shut-off valves and a separator, such as cyclone type, is provided in the chamber line of the refrigerant outlet from the process operation apparatus.