KR980009668A - Stop-End System for Advanced Diaphragm Wall Structures - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus are disclosed for removing a stop end from a concrete panel in the construction of a septum wall. The extractor tool is equipped with means to be attached to the free face of the stop end. The attachment means are spaced apart from the body of the extractor tool and contribute to peeling the stop end from the panel when the extractor tool is lowered against the concrete panel.

Alternatively, the attachment means is arranged with a drive means that serves to change the spacing of the attachment means from the body of the extractor tool. The present method and apparatus results in less damage to the concrete panels as compared to conventional methods and apparatus where a wedge is implemented between the concrete panels and the stop end.

Description

Stop-End System for Advanced Diaphragm Wall Structures

1 is a perspective view of a stop end (end stop member) suitable for use in the present invention.

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the stop end of Figure 1 after installation.

3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are explanatory views of the steps of injection molding a panel as part of a straight diaphragm wall.

9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are explanatory views of steps of injection molding a panel as part of a curved diaphragm wall.

Figure 15 is a side view of the extractor tool according to the present invention installed at the stop end of Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 16 is a side view of Figure 15;

Figures 17, 18 and 19 illustrate how the extractor tool of Figures 15 and 16 is used to remove the stop end from the concrete panel.

Figure 20 is a horizontal sectional view of another design example of a stop end suitable for use in the present invention.

Figure 21 is a side view of the stop end of Figure 20;

Figure 22 is a side view of another extractor tool in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 23 is a front view of the extractor tool of Figure 22;

24 is a horizontal sectional view of the extractor tool of FIGS. 22 and 23 installed at the stop end of FIGS. 20 and 21;

25, 26 and 27 are side views of yet another extractor tool in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 28 is a horizontal sectional view of the extractor tool of Figures 25, 26 and 27 installed at a stop end.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: stop-end 2: runner

3: free side 4,12: trench

5: concrete 6: thick plate

8: filling material 33: bag

14, 26, 34: extractor tool

The technical field to which the invention belongs and the prior art in that field

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a diaphragm structure, and in particular (but not intended to be limited to) the design and extraction method of an iron shutter known as a stop-end (end stop member) used when manufacturing a diaphragm wall. It is about.

The diaphragm wall can be made by injection molding a series of individual concrete panels (which may be reinforced) in an excavated trench, for example as described in EP 0 101 350. In some cases, an optional 'primary' panel is created first, followed by a 'closing' secondary panel. The installation procedure is, for example, panels 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and the like first, followed by panels 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and the like. In other cases, first only a few 'primary' panels are created, such as panels 1, 10 and 20 first. Thereafter, 'continuous' panels 2, 11, 3, 12, etc. are installed, and the diaphragm wall is completed by 'closing' panels 9 and 19. All primary panels need to use a cover on each edge of each trench, because each panel must have the correct edges to ensure that the joints between adjacent panels are waterproof. In contrast, continuous panels require only one cover at the edge of the trench remote from the preformed panel. The closure panel does not need a cover. The cover is a conventional 'stop end' and provides the desired shape to the concrete at each vertical edge of the panels.

The stop end is historically cylindrical in diameter nominally the same as the width of the diaphragm, but several other shapes, such as having a rectangular cross section or consisting of a row of cylinders, have also been used. All these types of stop ends are removed by extraction (pull out) in the vertical direction immediately after the concrete is introduced. A few hours of delay is allowed to allow the concrete to achieve some initial strength, but removal timing and removal rate should be carefully determined to ensure that the concrete is subjected to as little damage as possible. If the concrete is extracted before it has adequate strength, the concrete 'slumps' upon removal of the stop end, causing the trench to take adjacent panels. According to this extraction method, the waterproofing material and / or the metal connector do not need to be introduced across the junction between the two panels, where the waterproofing material is typically 150 mm wide and 10 mm thick and half is injected into the first concrete input. The other half is a strip of rubber, PVC or metal that is poured into the next concrete. In the process of vertically removing the stop end, the waterproofing material will separate or rupture.

Alternatively, once the hardening of the concrete, which may take several days or weeks, is completed, the stop end may be removed horizontally. These types of stop-ends, usually made of steel with boxes or with substantially flat cross-sections, are not removed until the trenches for adjacent panels are excavated. Stop-ends are difficult to remove because they tend to stick strongly to concrete.

Generally, it is removed by forcing a wedge between the concrete and the stop end, as disclosed, for example, in EP 0 101 350. This has the drawback of damaging concrete, especially because the wedges are formed so as to surround them, i.e. the stop-end must be narrower than the excavated trench, the diaphragm panel. As a result of this structure, there is a risk of unavoidable damage because the wedge cuts or breaks the portion of the vertical edge of the diaphragm wall panel when the stop end is removed. On top of this, the horizontal stripping method needs to apply a striking force to the wedge, which can further damage the concrete.

In some applications, the wedge is exerted by the excavation grab when excavating trenches adjacent to the cured diaphragm wall panel. When the wedge is attached to the grab and placed over the stop end to be removed, the grab follows the line of the stop end in the downward direction. This is above the joint to help prevent misalignment of the edges of the two adjacent panels. However, the result of installing the wedge in the grab is that during excavation of the secondary panel trench, the stop end is forced out of the concrete of the primary panel each time the grab descends to gradually excavate the secondary trench. When the grab is withdrawn, the stop end sometimes rebounds back to concrete, which can damage the concrete and / or the waterproofing that may be installed. Grabs will only sell 200mm to 300mm deep each time they are "excavated". For example, a 20m deep septum requires about 100 diggings. There is a risk of damage.

From European Patent Nos. 0 402 247 and 0 462 010, a stop end is applied by attaching an excavator grab to a groove formed below the free end of the stop end without using a wedge and opening and closing the grab to apply a striking or impact force. It is known to remove in the horizontal direction. In these systems the damage to the concrete is less than in a wedge-based system, but there is still a risk of damage to the concrete and / or waterproofing material by the gravitational force return of the stop end each time the grab is raised or closed.

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided an extractor tool for removing a closure element from a concrete panel during construction of a septum wall, comprising a body having an attachment means slidably attached to a free surface of the closure element. At least the upper parts arranged relative to each other to give the closing elements a bending force so that the closing elements can be peeled away from the concrete panel without using the returning elements to elastically return to the concrete panel in an uncontrolled manner. It has a lower part.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for removing a closure element from a concrete panel during construction of a septum wall, the method slidably attaching an extractor tool to the free surface of the closure element and along the length of the closure element. And gradually lowering the extractor tool, the extractor tool having a body and having attachment means for slidably attaching to the free surface of the closure element, wherein the attachment means is closed when in use. Characterized in that the elements have at least an upper part and a lower part arranged relative to each other so as to bend the closing elements so that they can be peeled away from the concrete panel without elastically returning to the concrete panel in an uncontrolled manner. do.

Preferably, the closing element or the stop end is arranged with a runner along the length of its free face and into which the attachment means of the extractor tool is slidably coupled. In some embodiments of the present invention, there are two runners each extending down on each side of the free surface of the stop end. However, when installing a relatively thick diaphragm wall (e.g., 1200 mm or more in thickness), two or more free surfaces of the stop end are used to ensure that the bending force (bending force) at the time of removal is uniformly applied to the full width of the stop end. It is advantageous to install a runner. The stop end may be formed as a continuous length of steel or other suitable material, or may be formed in such a way as to obtain the desired length by making parts or welding or making mechanical connections. In one embodiment of the present invention, the extractor tool, when the tool is attached to the stop end, the upper and lower attachment means stop end in first and second planes parallel to the plane of the interface between the concrete panel and the stop end. Respectively positioned on the free side of the first position, the first position comprising a body provided with top and bottom attachment means remote from the interface. Since the upper attachment means is more remote from the interface than the lower attachment means, the upper attachment means tends to bend and pull the stop end from the concrete panel by reacting the lower attachment means. Preferably it has at least two attachment points to the stop end, the attachment points being spaced apart from each other along the length of the stop end. This helps to keep the extractor tool substantially parallel to the interface between the concrete panel and the stop end and at a constant distance from the interface when the tool is advanced along the length of the stop end. Advantageously, the position of the up and down attachment means is adjustable relative to the body of the extractor tool.

To completely remove the stop end, advance the extractor tool along the length of the stop end. This is done by repeatedly elevating or dropping the extractor tool or by using a vibrator or hammer device. In some embodiments, the extractor tool forms part of the excavator grab. It is evident that the stop-end on every rise of the extractor tool is guided in a controlled manner by the attachment means of the extractor tool, without resilient return to the concrete in an uncontrolled manner. Compared to the known system described above, in the present invention, the stop end can be removed from the concrete without introducing a wedge or the like between the panel and the stop end without resilient return to the concrete or a waterproof material that may be installed. .

The present invention also allows the use of a runner on the free face of the stop end as a guide to the excavator grab without removing the stop end itself. This allows the excavator grab to fit snugly with adjacent trenches without placing the stop end from the previous concrete when it is excavated by placing a means in the excavator grab that snugly fits between the runners at the stop end but does not engage the runner. This is done by keeping the match.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower attachment means are passive in that they are fixed in position relative to the body of the extractor tool, the upper attachment means serving to pull the attachment means, thus the stop end, from the end of the concrete panel. It is active in that the driving means is installed. The drive means may be a hydraulic or pneumatic ram, an electric motor, or some other suitable means. Upper attachment means initially

Place it in the initial plane, approximately the same plane as the stage, and lower the extractor tool onto the stop end. With the extractor tool supported on the stop end, the drive is actuated to pull the top of the stop end remote from the concrete. The drive means is then reversed to cause the top attachment means to return to its original position, and then the extractor tool is lowered by a predetermined amount to restart the drive means. This process is repeated until the stop end is completely peeled from the concrete.

In another embodiment, active attachment means are disposed at the top and bottom of the body of the extractor tool with at least one passive attachment means between them. This allows the stop end to bend more fully during removal, which can shorten the length of the extractor tool than in the previous embodiment, which is useful when there is a deformation in the stop end.

Preferably, the active attachment means may be in the form of a rocker arm, which is actuated by the drive means to pull the body of the stop end and extractor tool together at the upper and lower attachment points.

The attachment means are in the form of nails or lugs or similar means that can engage a runner disposed on the free surface of the stop end. Since the attachment means engages the free surface of the stop end, it is possible, unlike that described in EP 0 101 350, to have the stop end equal to or slightly larger than the width of the trench to be injection molded into the concrete panel. . This avoids overflowing concrete that would otherwise have to be scraped off and avoided the risk of damaging the main part of the concrete panel when the stop end was removed.

In order to better understand the present invention and to show how it can be actually realized, reference is now made to the accompanying drawings by way of example.

Figure 1 shows a stop end 1 with two guide runners 2 on its free side. If the stop end 1 is relatively wide, it is preferable to install an additional runner 2 below the center of the free surface 3 of the stop end 1. In the case of the stop end 1 having a width of, for example, 1200 mm or more, a runner (not shown) of the 'T' cross section may be provided between the two edge runners 2. As shown in Fig. 2, the stop end 1 is disposed perpendicular to one edge of the trench in which the concrete panel is to be formed. Before the concrete is introduced, the thick plate 6 is installed between the two runners 2 to form the voids 7, and the fillers such as bubble plastic particles are introduced into the voids so that the concrete stops accidentally. To prevent it from overflowing to the free surface (3) of (1). In order to be able to easily remove the thick plate 6 later, the filler material 8 is placed in a bag 33 located in the cavity 7. The bag 33 generally has a circumference greater than the circumference of the void 7 such that the bag 33 extends outward to fill all local space behind the stop end 1. Bag 33 is made of burlap or other suitable material. Alternatively, instead of using the particulate filler 8, the bentonite may be filled in the voids 7 and a downcomer (not shown) may be inserted to pump additional bentonite into the bottom of the stop end 1. The accidentally embedded concrete 5 can then be washed away by bentonite. The face 9 of the stop end 1 which will be in contact with the concrete 5 is provided with one or more slots or key grooves 10 extending over the entire length of the stop end 1. These slots or key grooves 10 receive a waterproof material and / or metal connector 11, with half of the waterproof material and / or metal connector 11 being surrounded by concrete 5 constituting the first panel and the other half. The installation of the second adjacent panel is encased in concrete. The waterproof material 11 is made of rubber, plastic or metal.

3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the horizontal cross section of the steps of installing the panel of the diaphragm wall. First, trench 12 'is excavated in land 13, as shown in FIG. Then, a stop end 1 is placed at one end of the trench 12 '(Fig. 4), the void 7 is filled with the filler material 8, and the trench 12 is filled with the concrete 5 (Fig. 5). Once the hardening of the concrete, which will be approximately two or three days later, is made, the second trench 12 is excavated next to the first trench 12 on the other side of the stop end 1 (FIG. 6). When digging the second trench 12 ', the excavator grab is provided with a mating means (not shown) that is lightly inserted between the runners 2 of the stop end 1 but is not closely engaged. Ensure that 12) and 12 'are well matched. Thereafter, the extractor tool 14 is inserted into the runner 2 of the stop end 1 to alternately raise, lower, vibrate, hammer strike, or excavator grab. By using (not shown), the tool is advanced to the bottom of the stop end 1 until the stop end 1 is completely out of the concrete 5 (FIG. 8). Then place the stop end 1 at the end of the second trench 12 and repeat the same fixation again.

A similar procedure is followed if a curved diaphragm is required, but with a specially shaped stop end (1). 9, 10, 11, 12, 12 and 14 show the steps involved therein and illustrate the use of a stop end 1 with an extension flange 15 on one side.

Extractor tool 14 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 15 and 16. The body 16 of the extractor tool 14 is generally of considerable mass, preferably several tons. The lower attachment means protrude from the body 16, which includes two pairs of lugs mounted to the adjustable lug support 18, which lug support of the lugs 17 from the body 16. Allow the interval to change as needed. Typically, lugs 17 are spaced 200 mm away from the body, but the exact spacing will vary depending on the particular application. The upper attachment means comprises an additional pair of lugs 19 mounted to the adjustable lug support 20. The lugs 17, 19 are adapted to be inserted into the runner 2 of the stop end 1, which is made of hardened steel and is provided with rollers or bearings (not shown) for reducing friction. .

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the lug 19 is passive in that it is fixed at a predetermined distance from the body less than the spacing of the lower lugs 17 during the stop end removal process. Typically, in order to remove the stop end 1 from the concrete 5 (FIGS. 17, 18, 19), initially the upper lug 19 is spaced apart from the body 16, such as the lower lug 17. Set, insert the extractor tool 14 into the runner 2 of the stop end 1 (the tool will protrude from the concrete 5 side to some extent), and then the upper lug closer to the body 14 Adjust the upper lug, for example, by screw. Alternatively, as clearly shown in Fig. 22, the extractor tool 14 can be inserted into the stop end 1 even when the upper lug 19 is in the working stationary position. The edge of the runner 2 at the top of the stop end 1 can also be removed. In order to remove the stop end 1 from the concrete 5, by lifting the extractor tool 14 alternately by a crane or the like, or by using a vibrator, hammer or excavator grab (not shown), Advance the extractor tool 14 with the furnace. The upper lug 19 is closer to the main body 16 of the extractor tool 14 and the upper lug 19 is supported by the lower lug 17 which is rigidly supported by the stop end 1. It can be seen that) will apply a bending force to the stop end 1 so that the stop end 1 is separated from the concrete 5 without introducing any separation means between the concrete 5 and the stop end 1. have. When the extractor tool 14 is raised thereon, the stop end 1 does not uncontrollably return back to the concrete 5 but instead flexes and returns to its original position under the guidance of the lugs 17 and 19. This helps to avoid damaging the concrete 5 and any waterproofing material 11 to be installed.

In another embodiment of the invention, the upper lug 19 is active in that it is equipped with drive means (not shown) which are actuated to move the lug 19 closer to or further retract the body of the extractor tool 14. . The drive means may be a hydraulic or pneumatic ram, an electric motor or any other suitable means. In this embodiment, initially the upper lug 19 is spaced apart from the body 16 by the same distance as the lower lug 17 so that the cornerless runner 2 is not needed on top of the stop end 1. Except for the above, the extractor tool 14 is mounted to the stop end 1 by the runner 2 as before. Thereafter, the drive means are actuated to draw the upper lug 19 towards the body, thereby causing the stop end 1 to be spaced apart from the concrete 5. The upper lug 19 is then returned to its initial position and the extractor tool 14 is then lowered to a predetermined level, at which level the drive means is actuated again to bring the upper lug 19 and thus the stop end 1 into concrete. Extract from (5). This process is repeated until the entire stop end 1 is peeled off from the concrete 5.

In order to remove excess soil or residue from the free surface 3 of the stop end 1, scraper blades and / or teeth may be installed at the bottom of the extractor tool 14.

20 and 21 show another stop end 21 suitable for use in the present invention. In this stop end 21, the runner 22 is arrange | positioned at the free surface 23, and has the slot or key groove 24 which bent the insertion of a waterproofing material. There is also a removable back plate 25 at the stop end, which is inserted between the runners 2 to isolate the pores 26, which can be filled with filler when the diaphragm wall is installed. As best shown in Fig. 21, the runner 2 on top of the stop end 21 is located in a direction remote from the free surface 3 to facilitate the extraction of the extractor tool 26 shown in Figs. 22 and 23. It provides a lead section.

The extractor tool 26 has an adjustable passive lower mount 27 and an active upper mount 28. The active top mount 28 may be approached or moved away from the body 29 of the extractor tool 26 by drive means 30 which may be a hydraulic or pneumatic ram, an electric motor or other suitable means. The procedure for removing this kind of stop end 21 is as described above and again illustrated in FIG. 24, which shows a horizontal cross-sectional view of the bottom of the extractor tool 26 installed in the runner 22 of the stop end 21. Shows. The lower mounting portion 27 is attached to the body 29 of the extractor tool 26 by a bolt 31 and a lock nut 32, which bolts and nuts from the body 29 of the lower mounting portion 27. It can be adjusted to change the interval of. The body 29 of the extractor tool 26 is generally made of a large mass of material and the mass of the extractor tool is preferably at least 1 ton. In some embodiments, the mass can be quite large depending on the length of the extractor tools 14, 26, the width of the stop ends 1, 21, and the stiffness of the stop end portion.

Another extractor tool 34 is shown in FIGS. 25, 26 and 27. The extractor tool 34 has active mounting portions 35 and 36 at the upper and lower ends thereof and a passive mounting portion 27 therebetween. The active mounts 35, 36 are of the type rocker arms 38, 39 which are actuated by the rams 40, 41. The rocker arms 38, 39 are actuated to turn the top and bottom ends of the stop end 42 and extractor tool 34 together, with the passive mounting 37 acting as a point. This extractor tool 34 allows the stop end 42 to be bent larger, and because the extractor tool 34 provides a shorter but effective bending force than the extractor tools 14 and 26 described above, Deforming the stop end 42 is particularly useful in the case where there are almost no straight lines.

As shown in Fig. 28, the rocker arms 38 and 39 have lugs 43 inserted into the runner 44 disposed at the stop end 42. As shown in FIG.

Claims (14)

An extractor tool for removing a closure element from a concrete panel during construction of a diaphragm wall, the attachment means being slidably attached to a free surface of the closure element, wherein the attachment means is such that when the closure element is in use, An extractor tool having at least an upper portion and a lower portion arranged relative to each other to flex the closure elements so that they can be peeled away from the concrete panel without elastic return to the concrete panel in a controlled manner. 2. The free side of the stop end according to claim 1, wherein when the extractor tool is attached to the stop end, the upper and lower portions of the attachment means are at the first and second planes parallel to the plane of the interface between the concrete panel and the stop end. And wherein the first plane is further away from the interface than the second plane. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lower part of the attachment means has at least two attachment points with respect to the stop end, said attachment points being spaced apart from each other along an axis substantially parallel to the length of the body of the extractor tool. Extractor tool. 4. Extractor tool according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacing between the body of the extractor tool and the attachment means can be adjusted. The extractor tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper attachment means is provided with a drive means for changing the distance between the upper attachment means of the extractor tool and the body. The drive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the active attachment means is located at the upper end and the lower end of the main body of the extractor tool and also serves to change the distance between the active attachment means and the main body of the extractor tool. And a passive attachment means is installed in the body of the extractor tool at a position between the active attachment means. 7. Extractor tool according to claim 6, wherein the active attachment means comprises a rocker arm. 8. Extractor tool according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the drive means is a hydraulic or pneumatic ram. A method of removing a closure element from a concrete panel during construction of a septum wall, the method comprising slidably attaching an extractor tool to the free surface of the closure element and gradually lowering the extractor tool along the length of the closure element. And wherein the extractor tool has a body and is provided with attachment means for slidably attaching to the free surface of the closure element, wherein the attachment means is adapted to the concrete panel in an uncontrolled manner when the closure element is in use. And at least an upper portion and a lower portion arranged relative to each other to give the closing elements a bending force so that they can be peeled away from the concrete panel without returning to elasticity. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the upper attachment means has a drive means, which acts to change the spacing between the upper attachment means of the extractor tool and the body when in use to separate the closing element from the concrete panel. How to remove. 10. The active attachment means according to claim 9, wherein the active attachment means is located at the upper and lower ends of the main body of the extractor tool and has a drive means which is activated when used to change the distance between the active attachment means of the extractor tool and the main body, the passive attachment means Removal method characterized in that it is installed on the body of the extractor tool at a position between the active attachment means so as to act as a fulcrum of the closing element around it when the drive means is actuated. The method according to claim 9, wherein the extractor tool is raised and lowered repeatedly with respect to the closing element. 13. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that it also vibrates the extractor tool to assist in the removal of the closure element. 14. The part according to any one of claims 10 to 13, comprising: i) activating the attachment means by the driving means to pull the closure element and the body of the extractor tool towards each other to peel off portions of the closure element from the concrete panel; ii) driving the drive means in reverse to return the attachment means to the original position; iii) lowering the extractor tool a distance to the closing element; iv) removing said steps i) to iii) until the closing element is completely released from the concrete panel. ※ Note: The disclosure is based on the initial application.