KR960015620B1 - Method for manufacturing a plastic pipe - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a plastic pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR960015620B1 KR960015620B1 KR1019930016362A KR930016362A KR960015620B1 KR 960015620 B1 KR960015620 B1 KR 960015620B1 KR 1019930016362 A KR1019930016362 A KR 1019930016362A KR 930016362 A KR930016362 A KR 930016362A KR 960015620 B1 KR960015620 B1 KR 960015620B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- drain pipe
- molded body
- molded bodies
- manufacturing
- projections
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0021—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with joining, lining or laminating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
- B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
- B29C53/583—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically for making tubular articles with particular features
- B29C53/587—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically for making tubular articles with particular features having a non-uniform wall-structure, e.g. with inserts, perforations, locally concentrated reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C53/82—Cores or mandrels
- B29C53/821—Mandrels especially adapted for winding and joining
- B29C53/825—Mandrels especially adapted for winding and joining for continuous winding
- B29C53/827—Mandrels especially adapted for winding and joining for continuous winding formed by several elements rotating about their own axes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/16—Rigid pipes wound from sheets or strips, with or without reinforcement
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
Abstract
Description
제1도는 본 발명의 제조과정을 보인 평면도.1 is a plan view showing a manufacturing process of the present invention.
제2도는 본 발명 제1도의 A-A'선 단면도.2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A 'of FIG. 1 of the present invention.
제3도는 본 발명 제1도의 B-B', C-C', D-D'선의 단면도.3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B ', C-C', and D-D 'of FIG. 1 of the present invention.
제4도는 본 발명 제1도의 E-E'선 단면도.4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E 'of FIG. 1 of the present invention.
제5도는 본 발명에 의한 배수관의 관두께 내부에 빈 공간이 없도록 형성한 일실시예의 요부 확대단면도.Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main portion of an embodiment formed so that there is no empty space inside the pipe thickness of the drain pipe according to the present invention.
제6도는 본 발명에 의한 배수관의 관두께 내부에 공간이 형성되도록 한 다른 실시예의 요부 확대단면도.Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main portion of another embodiment to allow a space to be formed inside the pipe thickness of the drain pipe according to the present invention.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
1, 2, 3 : 압출기 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 : 다이스1, 2, 3: Extruder 4, 5, 6, 7, 8: Die
9 : 권취기 10 : 권취롤러9: winding machine 10: winding roller
11, 12, 13, 14, 15 : 성형체 16 : 관내면11, 12, 13, 14, 15: Molded body 16: Inner tube surface
17 : 관외면 18 : 공간17: exterior 18: space
20 : 배수관20: drain pipe
본 발명은 합성수지의 대구경 배수관의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 특히, 두께가 두껍고 대구경인 배수관을 간편하고 용이하게 제조할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 제조설비를 간소화하여 원가를 절감할 수 있도록 하는 배수관의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a large diameter drain pipe of a synthetic resin, and in particular, a method of manufacturing a drain pipe that can not only easily and easily manufacture a thick and large diameter drain pipe, but also reduce the cost by simplifying the manufacturing equipment. It is about.
일반적으로 현재 유통되고 있는 합성수지재의 주름관은 사실상 두께가 얇아서 사용할때 하중강도가 약해지고 파손율이 높을 뿐만 아니라, 이로 인하여 사용을 기피하는 경향이 많아져 고강도의 견고한 배수관이 요구되었다.In general, the corrugated pipes of synthetic resin materials that are currently in circulation are thin in nature, resulting in a weak load strength and a high breakage rate when used.
그러나, 종래에는 대구경이면서 두께가 두꺼운 합성수지관을 제조하려면 대구경이고 두께가 두꺼울수록 제조공정상 냉각과 성형에 있어서 시설이 거대 복잡할 뿐만 아니라, 이로 인하여 제조에 여러가지로 어려움이 많이 발생되어 쉽고 경제적인 제조방법이 연구 개발되어야 함이 커다란 당면 과제로 대두되어 왔다.However, conventionally, to manufacture large diameter and thick synthetic resin tubes, the larger diameter and the thicker the thickness, the more complicated the facilities for cooling and molding in the manufacturing process, and this causes a lot of difficulties in manufacturing, thereby making it easy and economical. This need to be developed has been a major challenge.
따라서, 본 발명의 목적은 한꺼번에 두꺼운 두께의 대구경관은 만들기가 어려우므로 다수개의 압출기와 다이스에서 압출 성형되는 성형체를 서로 적층하면서 권취하여 배수관을 성형하되 상기 다수의 성형체에는 사다리꼴형상의 단면을 갖는 돌기와 요입홈을 반복 형성하여 그 돌기와 요입홈들이 서로 결합되면서 하나의 배수관이 성형되도록 함으로서 두껍고 대구경인 배수관을 간편하고 용이하게 제조할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 제조설비를 간소화하여 원가를 절감할 수 있도록 한 배수관의 제조방법을 제공함에 있다.Therefore, an object of the present invention is difficult to make a large diameter large diameter tube at a time, so that a plurality of extruders and dies are formed by winding and stacking the molded bodies extruded from each other while forming a drainage pipe and the plurality of the molded body has a projection having a trapezoidal cross section By repeatedly forming the recessed grooves to form a single drain pipe as the protrusions and the recessed grooves are combined with each other, a thick and large diameter drain pipe can be easily and easily manufactured, and a drain pipe that can reduce costs by simplifying manufacturing equipment. To provide a method of manufacturing.
이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부 도면에 의하여 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
본 발명은 합성수지의 압출기(1)(2)(3) 선단에 구비된 다수의 다이스(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)에서 압출된 성형체(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)를 회전하는 권취기(9)의 권취롤러(10) 외주면에 순차적으로 적층 권취시키되 각각의 성형체(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)에 사다리꼴 단면 형상을 갖도록 형성된 돌기(11a)(12a)(12c)(15a)와 요입홈(11b)(12b)(12d)(15b)이 서로 합치되어 배수관(20)이 성형되도록 한 것이다.The present invention is a molded body 11, 12, 13 extruded from a plurality of dice (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) provided at the tip of the extruder (1) (2) (3) of the synthetic resin (14) (15) is laminated on the outer peripheral surface of the winding roller (10) of the winding machine (9) to rotate sequentially, each trapezoidal cross-sectional shape on each of the molded body (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) The projections 11a, 12a, 12c, 15a and the recessed grooves 11b, 12b, 12d, and 15b formed to have the same coincide with each other so that the drain pipe 20 is formed.
이때, 본 발명의 배수관(20)은 상기 성형체(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)의 돌기(11a)(12a)(12c)(15a)와 요입홈(11b)(12b)(12d)(15b)이 서로 밀접되도록 적층 권취할 수도 있으며, 상기 성형체(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)의 돌기(11a)(12a)(12c)(15a)와 요입홈(11b)(12b)(12d)(15b)이 서로 적층 권취될 때 그 돌기(11a) (12a) (12c)(15a)와 요입홈(11b)(12b)(12d)(15b)사이에 공간(18)이 구비되도록 적층 권취할 수도 있는 것이다.At this time, the drain pipe 20 of the present invention is the projection (11a) (12a) (12a) (12c) (15a) and the recessed groove (11b) (12b) of the molded body (11) (12) (13) (14) (15). (12d) 15b may be laminated and wound so as to be in close contact with each other, and the projections 11a, 12a, 12c and 15a of the molded bodies 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 are recessed and recessed. The space between the projections 11a, 12a, 12c, 15a and the recessed grooves 11b, 12b, 12d, and 15b when the (11b), 12b, 12d, and 15b are laminated and wound together. It can also be laminated | stacked so that 18 may be provided.
이와 같이 구성된 본 발명은 성형체(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)를 압출기(1)(2)(3)의 다이스(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)에서 압출되도록 하되 제2도에 도시한 바와 같이 하측은 평면이고 상측에만 돌기(11a)와 요입홈(11b)을 반복 형성시킨 성형체(11)와, 제3도에 도시한 바와 같이 상하측에 돌기(12a)(12c)와 요입홈(12b)(12d)을 모두 반복 형성시킨 성형체(12)(13)(14) 및 제4도에 도시한 바와 같이 상측은 평면이고 하측에만 돌기(15a)와 요입홈(15b)을 반복 형성시킨 성형체(15)로 압출 성형하여 배수관(20)을 성형한다.According to the present invention configured as described above, the dies 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the molded bodies 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are extruded. As shown in FIG. 2, the lower side is flat and the molded body 11 is formed by repeatedly forming the projections 11a and the recessed grooves 11b on the upper side, and the protrusions on the upper and lower sides as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the molded bodies 12, 13, 14, and FIG. 4, in which both the 12a, 12c, and the recessed grooves 12b, 12d are formed repeatedly, and the projections 15a, The drain pipe 20 is formed by extrusion molding into the molded body 15 in which the recessed grooves 15b are repeatedly formed.
즉, 첫번째 압출기(1)의 다이스(4)에서 압출되는 성형체(11)를 회전하는 권취기(9)의 권취롤러(10)에 권취하되 성형체(11)의 상측에 형성된 돌기(11a)와 요입홈(11b)이 권취롤러(10)의 외측을 향하도록 하고, 두번째 압출기(2)의 다이스(5)(6)(7)에서 압출 성형되는 성형체(12)(13)(14)를 순차적으로 상기 성형체(11)위에 적층 권취하며, 그 두번째 압출기(2)의 다이스(5)(6)(7)에서 압출 성형된 성형체(12)(13)(14)의 외측 성형체(14) 위에는 세번째 압출기(3)의 다이스(8)에서 압출 성형되는 성형체(15)를 돌기(15a)와 요입홈(15b)이 하측을 향하도록 적층 권취하여 배수관(20)을 제조하는 것이다.That is, the projection 11a and the yaw formed on the winding roller 10 of the winding machine 9 rotating the molded body 11 extruded from the die 4 of the first extruder 1 and formed on the upper side of the molded body 11 The mouth groove 11b faces the outer side of the take-up roller 10, and the molded bodies 12, 13, 14 which are extruded from the dice 5, 6, 7 of the second extruder 2 are sequentially A third extruder on the outer molded body 14 of the molded bodies 12, 13, 14 extruded from the dies 5, 6, 7 of the second extruder 2, laminated on the molded body 11. The molded product 15 extruded from the die 8 of (3) is laminated and wound so that the projection 15a and the recessed groove 15b face downward to manufacture the drain pipe 20.
이때, 상기 배수관(20)은 각각의 성형체(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)에 형성된 돌기(11a)(12a)(12c)(15a)가 대응하는 성형체(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)의 요입홈(11b)(12b)(12d)(15b)에 삽입되도록 하면 원하는 두께의 배수관(20)이 제조되는 것이다.At this time, the drain pipe 20 is a molded body (11, 12) corresponding to the projections (11a), 12a, 12c, 15a formed in each of the molded body (11) (12) (13) (14) (15). 13), 14, and 15 to be inserted into the recess 11b, 12b, 12d, 15b of the drain pipe 20 of the desired thickness is manufactured.
또한, 상기와 같이 제조되는 배수관(20)에는 관내면(16)과 관외면(17)은 각각의 성형체(11)(15)에 의해 평면을 이루게 될 뿐만 아니라, 관내면(16)과 관외면(17)을 이루는 성형체(11)(15)를 제외한 중간의 성형체(12)(13)(14)는 그 적층 권취되는 성형체(12)(13)(14)의 수량을 조절할 수 있으며, 그로 인하여 배수관(20)의 두께를 조절할 수 있는 것이다.In addition, in the drain pipe 20 manufactured as described above, the inner surface 16 and the outer surface 17 of the tube not only form a plane by the respective molded bodies 11 and 15, but also the inner surface 16 and the outer surface of the tube. The intermediate molded bodies 12, 13 and 14 except for the molded bodies 11 and 15 forming (17) can adjust the quantity of the molded bodies 12, 13 and 14 to be laminated. The thickness of the drain pipe 20 can be adjusted.
한편, 본 발명의 배수관(20)은 사다리꼴 단면을 갖는 돌기(11a)(12a)(12c)(15a)와 요입홈(11b)(12b)(12d)(15b)의 결합상태를 제5도에 도시한 바와 같이 밀접시키거나, 제6도에 도시한 바와 같이 돌기(11a)(12a)(12c)(15a)과 요입홈(11b)(12b)(12d)(15b)의 결합면 사이에 공간(18)이 형성되도록 할 수 있으며, 이로 인하여 배수관(20)의 용도와 설치한 곳에 따라 강도를 조절할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 돌기(11a)(12a)(12c)(15a)와 요입홈(11b)(12b)(12d)(15b)의 사이에 공간(18)을 형성하면 제조원가를 더욱 절감할 수 있는 것이다.On the other hand, the drain pipe 20 of the present invention is a projection 11a, 12a, 12c, 15a having a trapezoidal cross section and the coupling state of the recessed grooves (11b) (12b) (12d) (15b) in FIG. As shown in the drawing, or as shown in FIG. 6, the space between the engaging surfaces 11b, 12a, 12c, 15a and the concave grooves 11b, 12b, 12d, and 15b. 18 can be formed, thereby not only can adjust the strength according to the use and installation of the drain pipe 20, but also the projection (11a) (12a) (12c) (15a) and the recess groove (11b) If the space 18 is formed between (12b) (12d) and (15b), manufacturing cost can be further reduced.
상기에서와 같이 본 발명은 첫번째 압출기의 다이스에서 압출되는 성형체를 회전하는 권취기의 권취롤러에 권취하되 성형체의 상측에 형성된 돌기와 요입홈이 권취롤러의 외측을 향하도록 하고, 두번째 압출기의 다이스에서 압출 성형되는 성형체를 순차적으로 상기 성형체 위에 적층 권취하며, 그 두번째 압출기의 다이스에서 압출 성형된 성형체의 외측 성형체 위에는 세번째 압출기의 다이스에서 압출 성형되는 성형체를 돌기와 요입홈이 하측을 향하도록 적층 권취하여 배수관을 제조함으로써 두껍고 대구경인 배수관을 간편하고 용이하게 제조할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 제조설비를 간소화하여 원가를 절감할 수 있는 효과가 제공되는 것이다.As described above, the present invention is wound on the take-up roller of the winding machine to rotate the molded body extruded from the die of the first extruder, so that the projections and recesses formed on the upper side of the molded body facing the outer side of the take-up roller, the extrusion from the die of the second extruder The molded body to be molded is sequentially wound on the molded body, and on the outer molded body of the molded body extruded from the die of the second extruder, the molded body extruded from the die of the third extruder is laminated and wound up so that the recessed groove faces downward. By manufacturing, the thick and large diameter drain pipe can be easily and easily manufactured, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced by simplifying the manufacturing equipment.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019930016362A KR960015620B1 (en) | 1993-08-23 | 1993-08-23 | Method for manufacturing a plastic pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019930016362A KR960015620B1 (en) | 1993-08-23 | 1993-08-23 | Method for manufacturing a plastic pipe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR950005506A KR950005506A (en) | 1995-03-20 |
| KR960015620B1 true KR960015620B1 (en) | 1996-11-18 |
Family
ID=19361767
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019930016362A KR960015620B1 (en) | 1993-08-23 | 1993-08-23 | Method for manufacturing a plastic pipe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR960015620B1 (en) |
-
1993
- 1993-08-23 KR KR1019930016362A patent/KR960015620B1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR950005506A (en) | 1995-03-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR20050000859A (en) | Manufacturing apparatus for Composite multi wall pipe | |
| KR960015620B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a plastic pipe | |
| CA1226710A (en) | Apparatus for producing double-walled corrugated pipes | |
| KR101712578B1 (en) | Strong corrosion-resistant spiral rib steel pipe the manufacture method | |
| KR100535367B1 (en) | Currugated type triple pipe and currugated type triple pipe manufacturing apparatus | |
| US5297946A (en) | Multilayer parison extruder | |
| KR940011362B1 (en) | Forming method for sprial pipe | |
| KR101966299B1 (en) | Composite resin spiral and its method of manufacture | |
| KR100537088B1 (en) | Double wall drainpipe that improve strength and the manufacture method | |
| CN217916678U (en) | Inner layer forming die for composite hose | |
| EP0291136B1 (en) | Plastic tube with solid crossribs on the outer surface, a moulding device therefor; installation comprising such a device and a method for moulding a plastic tube | |
| KR19990080374A (en) | Synthetic resin pipes and manufacturing apparatus thereof | |
| JPH07171882A (en) | Manufacture of flexible hose and flexible hose | |
| KR890005306B1 (en) | Corrugated pipe with plastic flange and its method | |
| JPS5649231A (en) | Continuous molding for bellow tube with flat part | |
| CN220198405U (en) | Mode locking structure applied to pipe products | |
| CN205033553U (en) | Plastics strip mould for manufacturing among steel band helical bellows | |
| CN204062221U (en) | For the manufacture of the band of internal rib reinforcing outer ripple type plastic twining structured wall pipe | |
| CN212839850U (en) | HDPE adds muscle winding bellows | |
| JPH0238029A (en) | Manufacture of tube with spiral threads and apparatus therefor | |
| KR100365952B1 (en) | Triple tube and manufacturing method | |
| KR200197252Y1 (en) | Large Diameter Triple Tube | |
| JPS6036143A (en) | Manufacture of double wall pipe with joint section | |
| CA2002721A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for the production of foamed polyolefin sheets | |
| KR200312711Y1 (en) | High strength synthetic resin tube and its molding method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A201 | Request for examination | ||
| E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
| G160 | Decision to publish patent application | ||
| E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
| NORF | Unpaid initial registration fee |