KR950006873B1 - Centrifugal compressor - Google Patents
Centrifugal compressor Download PDFInfo
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- KR950006873B1 KR950006873B1 KR1019920010196A KR920010196A KR950006873B1 KR 950006873 B1 KR950006873 B1 KR 950006873B1 KR 1019920010196 A KR1019920010196 A KR 1019920010196A KR 920010196 A KR920010196 A KR 920010196A KR 950006873 B1 KR950006873 B1 KR 950006873B1
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- impeller
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- space
- seal
- centrifugal compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
- F04D29/161—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/162—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps of a centrifugal flow wheel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/5846—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling by injection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
내용 없음.No content.
Description
제1도는 본 발명의 일실시예에 관한 원심압축기의 단면도.1 is a cross-sectional view of a centrifugal compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
제2도는 그 작용설명도.2 is a diagram explaining its operation.
제3도는 종래의 원심압축기의 단면도.3 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional centrifugal compressor.
제4도는 그 작용설명도.4 is a diagram explaining its operation.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
(1) : 임펠러 (2) : 로우터축(1): impeller (2): rotor shaft
(3) : 주드러스트베어링 (4) : 반드러스트베어링(3): Jud thrust bearing (4): Anti thrust bearing
(6) : 환형상공간 (7) : 시일공간(6): annular space (7): seal space
(8) : 방풍(放風) 구멍 (9) : 공기공급통로(8): Wind hole (9): Air supply passage
(11) : 드러스트칼라 (12) : 케이싱(11): Drust collar (12): Casing
(15) : 래비린드패킹(15): labyrinth packing
본 발명은, 예를 들면 엔진의 과급기동으로서 적용되는 원심압축기 및 그의 냉각방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a centrifugal compressor and a cooling method thereof, for example, which are applied as a supercharge start of an engine.
제3도는 종래의 원심압축기의 구조설명도, 제4도는 작용설명도, 도면에 있어서, 본 원심압축기의 임펠러(1) 배면에는 케이싱(12)과의 사이에 래비린드패킹(5)이 배설되고, 임펠러(1) 출구와 임펠러(1) 배면에 있어서의 시일공간(7)과의 사이를 시일하고 있다. 시일공간(7)은 방풍구멍(8)을 게재해서 외부와 도통하고 있으며, 래비린드패킹(5)을 통과해서 시일공간(7)으로 들어가는 약간량의 공기를 외부로 방출해서 시일공간(7)의 압력을 저하시킨다. 이에 의해 임펠러(1) 출구에 있어서의 고압의 공기가 임펠러(1) 배면으로 들어가서 로우터축(2)의 임펠러(1)의 입구의 방향으로 미는 추력이 발생하지 않도록 방지되고, 주드러스트베어링(3)의 면압을 저하시켜서 주드러스베어링(3)의 부담을 저감하고 있다. (11)은 드러스트칼라, (4)는 반드러스트베어링이다.3 is a structural explanatory diagram of the conventional centrifugal compressor, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the operation. In the drawing, the labyrinth packing 5 is disposed between the casing 12 and the back of the impeller 1 of the centrifugal compressor. Sealing is performed between the exit of the impeller 1 and the sealing space 7 on the back of the impeller 1. The seal space 7 conducts the outside by placing the wind hole 8, and releases a small amount of air passing through the labyrinth packing 5 into the seal space 7 to the outside to seal the space 7. To lower the pressure. As a result, the high pressure air at the outlet of the impeller 1 enters the rear surface of the impeller 1 and prevents the thrust pushing in the direction of the inlet of the impeller 1 of the rotor shaft 2, thereby preventing the main thrust bearing 3 The pressure of the judder bearing 3 is reduced by lowering the surface pressure of the diaphragm. (11) is a drust collar and (4) is a anti-rust bearing.
상기와 같은 종래의 원심압축기에 있어서, 임펠러(1) 출구에 있어서의 공기의 온도는 원심압축기의 압력비에 따라서 높아져 있으며, 예를 들면 상온의 공기를 흡입한 경우에도 압력비가 약 4.0정도라면 임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 공기의 온도는 200℃이상에 달한다. 이 고온의 공기가 래비린드패킹(5)을 통과하면 래비린드패킹(5)의 휜의 회전에 의해서 발생한 마찰열에 의해서 더욱 승온되고, 이 고열에 의해서 임펠러(1) 배면이 가열된다. 통상, 이와 같은 대기를 흡입하는 단단형(單段型)의 원심압축기에 있어서는 임펠러의 재료로서 알루미늄 합금이 사용되고 있으나, 임펠러(1) 배면의 공기에 의해 가열되면 임펠러(1)의 온도가 상승해서 임펠러(1)의 재료의 강도가 저하된다. 이 때문에, 임펠러(1)가 알루미늄제의 경우는 고압력비를 확보하는 일이 어렵다. 또, 임펠러(1)의 온도상승은 공기의 온도상승을 초래하고, 압축기 효율이 저하되는 요인이 된다.In the conventional centrifugal compressor as described above, the temperature of the air at the outlet of the impeller 1 is increased according to the pressure ratio of the centrifugal compressor. For example, if the pressure ratio is about 4.0 even when the air temperature is inhaled, the impeller ( 1) The temperature of the air at the outlet reaches 200 ° C or higher. When this hot air passes through the labyrinth packing 5, the temperature of the impeller 1 is further heated by the frictional heat generated by the rotation of the labyrinth packing 5, and the rear surface of the impeller 1 is heated. Normally, in a single-stage centrifugal compressor that sucks such air, aluminum alloy is used as the impeller material. However, when heated by air on the back of the impeller 1, the temperature of the impeller 1 rises. The strength of the material of the impeller 1 is lowered. For this reason, when the impeller 1 is made of aluminum, it is difficult to ensure a high pressure ratio. Moreover, the temperature rise of the impeller 1 causes the temperature rise of air, and becomes a factor which reduces compressor efficiency.
본 발명에 관한 원심압축기는 상기 과제의 해결을 목적으로 하고 있으며, 임펠러배면에 환형상당중으로 배설되고 임펠러출구와 상기 임펠러배면의 공간과의 사이를 시일하는 시일부재와, 이 시일부재에 의해 형성되는 환형상공간내에 상기 임펠러출구에 있어서의 압력보다도 고압의 냉기체를 공급하는 통로를 구비한 구성을 특징으로 한다.The centrifugal compressor according to the present invention aims to solve the above problems, and is formed by a seal member which is disposed in an annular equivalence on the impeller rear surface and seals between the impeller outlet and the space of the impeller rear surface. It is characterized by including a passage for supplying a cold gas of higher pressure than the pressure at the impeller outlet in the annular space.
즉, 본 발명에 관한 원심압축기에 있어서는, 임펠러배면에 시일부재가 환형상 다중으로 배설되어서 임펠러출구와 임펠러배면의 공간과의 사이를 시일하는 동시에 환형상공간을 형성하고 이 환형상 공간내에 통로로 부터 임펠러출구에 있어서의 압력보다도 고압의 냉기체가 공급되도록 되어 있으며, 통로로부터 공급되는 냉기에가 임펠러출구에 있어서의 압력보다도 높은 압력을 가지고 있으므로 임펠러출구에 있어서의 고온의 기체가 임펠러배면의 공간내에 흐르는 일없고, 반대로 공간내로부터 약간량의 냉기체가 임펠러출구쪽으로 흐른다. 이에 의해, 임펠러배면이 임펠러출구에 있어서의 기체에 의해서 가열되는 일없이, 통로로부터 공급되는 냉기체에 의해서 냉각된다.That is, in the centrifugal compressor according to the present invention, a seal member is disposed in an annular multiple on the impeller rear surface to seal between the impeller outlet and the space on the impeller rear surface, to form an annular space, and to form a passage in the annular space. From the impeller outlet, a cold gas having a higher pressure than the pressure at the impeller outlet is supplied, and since the cold air supplied from the passage has a pressure higher than the pressure at the impeller outlet, the hot gas at the impeller outlet is located in the space behind the impeller outlet. On the contrary, a small amount of cold gas flows from the space toward the impeller outlet. As a result, the impeller back surface is cooled by the cold air supplied from the passage without being heated by the gas at the impeller outlet.
이하 본 발명의 실시예를 첨부도면을 참조하면서 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
제1도는 본 발명의 일실시예에 관한 원심압축기의 구조설명도, 제2도는 작용설명도이다. 도면에 있어서, 본 실시예에 관한 원심압축기는 엔진의 과급기로서 사용되는 것이고, 제1도에 표시한 바와 같이 임펠러(1)배면에는 케이싱(12)과의 사이에 래비린드패킹(15)이 배설되고, 임펠러(1)출구와 임펠러(1)배면에 있어서의 시일공간(7)과의 사이를 시일하고 있다. 시일공간(7)은 방풍구멍(8)에 의해서 외부와 도통하고 있으며, 래비린드패킹(15)을 통과해서 시일공간(7)으로 들어가는 약간량의 공기를 외부로 방출해서 시일공간(7)의 압력을 저하시킨다. 이에 의해, 임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 고압의 공기가 임펠러(1)배면으로 들어가서 로우터축(2)을 임펠러(1)입구의 방향으로 미는 추력이 발생하지 않도록 방지되고, 주드러스트베어링(3)의 면압(面壓)을 저하시켜서 주드러스트베어링(3)의 부담을 저감하고 있다. (11)은 드러스트칼라, (4)는 반드러스트베어링이다.FIG. 1 is a structural explanatory diagram of a centrifugal compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a functional explanatory diagram. In the figure, the centrifugal compressor according to the present embodiment is used as a supercharger for the engine, and as shown in FIG. 1, the labyrinth packing 15 is disposed between the casing 12 and the back of the impeller 1. Thus, the seal is sealed between the outlet of the impeller 1 and the seal space 7 on the back of the impeller 1. The seal space 7 is electrically connected to the outside by the wind hole 8, and releases a small amount of air that passes through the labyrinth packing 15 into the seal space 7 to the outside, thereby Lower the pressure. As a result, the high pressure air at the outlet of the impeller 1 enters the back of the impeller 1 and prevents the thrust of pushing the rotor shaft 2 in the direction of the inlet of the impeller 1, thereby preventing the occurrence of the main thrust bearing 3. The pressure of the main thrust bearing 3 is reduced by lowering the surface pressure of the ring). (11) is a drust collar and (4) is a anti-rust bearing.
임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 공기의 온도는 원심압축기의 압력비에 따라서 높아져 있으며, 예를 들면 상온의 공기를 흡입한 경우에도 압력비가 약 4.0정도라면 임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 공기의 온도는 200℃이상에 달한다. 이 고열에 의해 임펠러(1)배면이 가열되는 것을 방지하기 위하여, 본 원심압축기에 있어서의 래비린드패킹(15)은 휜이 바깥쪽과 안쪽의 2군으로 나뉘어지고, 그 사이에 환형상공간(6)이 형성되어 있으며, 제2도에 표시한 바와 같이 이 환형상공간(6)내에 공기통로(9)를 개재해서 저온으로 임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 압력 P1보다도 높은 압력 P2의 공기가 외부로부터 공급되도록 되어 있다. 일반적으로, 원심압축기에서 나온 공기는, 예를 들면 과급기로부터 냉각기를 거쳐서 엔진으로 공급되는 저온 고압력의 압축공기등과 같이, 임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 공기의 압력 P1보다도 높고, 또 압축된 공기는 공기냉각기에 의해 냉각되어서 사용되므로, 이 냉각후의 공기를 임펠러(1)배면의 래드린드패키(15)으로 인도하도록 해도 된다.The temperature of the air at the outlet of the impeller 1 is increased according to the pressure ratio of the centrifugal compressor. For example, even when air at room temperature is inhaled, if the pressure ratio is about 4.0, the temperature of the air at the outlet of the impeller 1 is It reaches over 200 ℃. In order to prevent the back of the impeller 1 from being heated by this high temperature, the labyrinth packing 15 of the present centrifugal compressor is divided into two groups of the outer side and the inner side thereof, and an annular space (between them). 6) is formed, and as shown in FIG. 2, the pressure P 2 is higher than the pressure P 1 at the outlet of the impeller 1 at low temperature through the air passage 9 in the annular space 6. Air is to be supplied from the outside. In general, the air from the centrifugal compressor is higher than the pressure P 1 at the outlet of the impeller 1 and compressed, for example, compressed air of low temperature and high pressure supplied from the supercharger to the engine via the cooler. Since the air is cooled and used by an air cooler, the air after the cooling may be guided to the reddish package 15 on the back of the impeller 1.
종래의 원심압축기에 있어서의 임펠러 배면의 래비린드패킹에서는 안쪽의 시일공간내의 공기를 방출해서 압력을 내리고 있으므로, 임펠러출구에 있어서의 공기는 약간량이 래비린드패킹을 통과한다. 이에 대해서, 본 원심압축기에 있어서의 래비린드패킹(15)은 휜이 바깥쪽과 안쪽과의 2군으로 나뉘어져 있으며, 그 휜사이의 환영상공간(6)에 저온으로 임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 압력 P1보다도 높은 압력 P2의 공기가 공급된다. 공급된 공기는 임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 압력 P1보다도 높은 압력 P2를 가지고 있으며, 임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 공기가 래비린드패킹(15)을 통과해서 환형상 공간(6)으로 흐르는 일이 없으며, 반대로 환형상공간(6)에 공급된 공기의 약간량이 임펠러(1)출구쪽으로 흐른다. 따라서, 임펠러(1)배면에 고온의 임펠러(1)출구에 있어서의 공기가 흘러들어가서 임펠러(1)배면이 이 공기에 의해서 가열되는 일이 없고, 공기통로(9)를 개재해서 외부로부터 공급되는 저온의 공기에 의해서 냉각된다. 이에 의해 임펠러(1)의 온도상승을 억제할 수 있으며, 온도상승에 의한 임펠러(1)의 강도저하가 방지된다. 또한, 임펠러(1)배면의 시일공간(7)과 환형상공간(6)과의 사이는 래비린드패킹(15)에 의해 시일되어 있으므로, 시일공간(7)으로 약간량의 공기가 흘러들어가는 일이 있어도 방풍구멍(8)으로부터 방출해서 시일공간(7)내의 압력 P3을 내리고 있으며, 종래의 원심압축기와 마찬가지로 드러스트 힘이 평행되어서 주드러스트베어링(3)의 부하가 증대하는 일은 없다.In the labyrinth packing on the back of the impeller in the conventional centrifugal compressor, since the air in the inner seal space is released to lower the pressure, a small amount of air at the impeller outlet passes through the labyrinth packing. On the other hand, the labyrinth packing 15 of this centrifugal compressor is divided into two groups of the outer side and the inner side, and at the exit of the impeller 1 at a low temperature in the phantom phase space 6 therebetween. than the pressure P 1 is supplied to the high pressure P 2 in the air. The supplied air has a pressure P 2 higher than the pressure P 1 at the outlet of the impeller 1, and the air at the outlet of the impeller 1 passes through the labyrinth packing 15 to the annular space 6. On the contrary, a small amount of air supplied to the annular space 6 flows toward the outlet of the impeller 1. Therefore, air at the outlet of the hot impeller 1 flows into the back of the impeller 1 so that the back of the impeller 1 is not heated by the air, but is supplied from the outside through the air passage 9. Cooled by cold air. Thereby, the temperature rise of the impeller 1 can be suppressed, and the fall of the strength of the impeller 1 by the temperature rise is prevented. In addition, since the sealing space 7 and the annular space 6 on the back of the impeller 1 are sealed by the labyrinth packing 15, a small amount of air flows into the seal space 7. Even if it exists, the pressure P 3 in the seal space 7 is released from the wind hole 8, and the thrust force is parallel in parallel with the conventional centrifugal compressor, and the load of the main thrust bearing 3 does not increase.
본 발명에 관한 원심압축기는 상기와 같이 구성되어 있으며, 임펠러배면이 임펠러출구에 있어서의 기체에 의해 가열되는 일없이 냉기체에 의해서 냉각되므로, 임펠러가 알루미늄합금제의 경우에도 고압력비를 확보할 수 있는 동시에, 임펠러에 의해 압축되는 기체의 온도가 저감되어서 압축기효울이 향상된다.The centrifugal compressor according to the present invention is constructed as described above, and the impeller back surface is cooled by a cold air body without being heated by the gas at the impeller outlet, so that the high pressure ratio can be ensured even when the impeller is made of aluminum alloy. At the same time, the temperature of the gas compressed by the impeller is reduced, and the compressor effect is improved.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP3143231A JP2934530B2 (en) | 1991-06-14 | 1991-06-14 | Centrifugal compressor |
JP91-143231 | 1991-06-14 |
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KR930000807A KR930000807A (en) | 1993-01-15 |
KR950006873B1 true KR950006873B1 (en) | 1995-06-23 |
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KR1019920010196A KR950006873B1 (en) | 1991-06-14 | 1992-06-12 | Centrifugal compressor |
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EP (1) | EP0518027B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2934530B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR950006873B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69203293T2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI921758A (en) |
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-
1991
- 1991-06-14 JP JP3143231A patent/JP2934530B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-04-10 DE DE69203293T patent/DE69203293T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-10 EP EP92106288A patent/EP0518027B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-04-21 FI FI921758A patent/FI921758A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-06-12 KR KR1019920010196A patent/KR950006873B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0518027B1 (en) | 1995-07-05 |
EP0518027A1 (en) | 1992-12-16 |
KR930000807A (en) | 1993-01-15 |
JPH04365997A (en) | 1992-12-17 |
DE69203293T2 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
JP2934530B2 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
FI921758A (en) | 1992-12-15 |
DE69203293D1 (en) | 1995-08-10 |
FI921758A0 (en) | 1992-04-21 |
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