KR910012640A - 저소음 냉장고 및 소음 제어방법 - Google Patents

저소음 냉장고 및 소음 제어방법 Download PDF

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KR910012640A
KR910012640A KR1019900020859A KR900020859A KR910012640A KR 910012640 A KR910012640 A KR 910012640A KR 1019900020859 A KR1019900020859 A KR 1019900020859A KR 900020859 A KR900020859 A KR 900020859A KR 910012640 A KR910012640 A KR 910012640A
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compressor
refrigerator
chamber
noise
opening
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KR1019900020859A
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KR930008006B1 (ko
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게이지 나까니시
야스유끼 세끼구찌
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아오이 죠이찌
가부시끼가이샤 도시바
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Priority claimed from JP1327787A external-priority patent/JPH0737870B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1327785A external-priority patent/JPH03191276A/ja
Priority claimed from JP1327784A external-priority patent/JPH03191275A/ja
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17813—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms
    • G10K11/17815—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms between the reference signals and the error signals, i.e. primary path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17813—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms
    • G10K11/17817—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms between the output signals and the error signals, i.e. secondary path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17813—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms
    • G10K11/17819—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms between the output signals and the reference signals, e.g. to prevent howling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17853—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices of the filter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17861—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
    • G10K11/17881—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/30—Insulation with respect to sound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/105—Appliances, e.g. washing machines or dishwashers
    • G10K2210/1054—Refrigerators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/109—Compressors, e.g. fans
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3036—Modes, e.g. vibrational or spatial modes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
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    • G10K2210/3045—Multiple acoustic inputs, single acoustic output

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Abstract

내용 없음.

Description

저소음 냉장고 및 소음제어방법
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제 1 도는 본 발명의 첫번째 실시예에 따른 저소음 냉장고의 뒷면 바닥부의 분해 투시도.
제 2 도는 제 1 도에 있어서의 능동제어 소음제거 시스템을 도시한 도면.

Claims (28)

  1. 소음제거 시스템을 구비한 냉장고에 있어서, 냉각제를 압축시키기 위한, 그리고 실질적인 소음원이 되는 압축기 ; 상기 압축기를 포함하고 한 부분에 개구부를 갖고 있으며 관의 단면치수가 감쇠될 압축기 소음의 파장보다 작은 1차원 관구조를 갖는 챔버 ; 압축기와 인접하여 위치하며, 압축기 소음을 나타내는 압축기 진동을 검출하기 위한 진동검출기 ; 상기 검출기의 출력신호를 처리하기 위한 제어회로 ; 및 상기 제어회로의 출력신호에 의해 구동되며, 압축기 소음에 대응하는 제어음향을 발생시키기 위한 음향발생기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  2. 제 1 항에 있어서, 챔버가 냉장고 뒷면의 바닥부에 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  3. 제 1 항에 있어서, 챔버의 내부벽면에 탄성 테이프가 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  4. 제 1 항에 있어서, 챔버가 약 640mm의 관길이를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  5. 제 1 항에 있어서, 챔버가 약 880mm의 관길이를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  6. 제 1 항에 있어서, 소음제거되는 주파수가 100-800Hz 범위에 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  7. 제 1 항에 있어서, 시간영역에서 신호를 처리하기 위한 FIR필터를 제어회로가 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  8. 제 1 항에 있어서, 제어회로가 다음식 ;
    G=-GMR/GAR
    GMR=GSR/GSM
    (여기서 GAR은 음향발생기와 개구부간의 음향전달함수, GSR은 압축기와 개구부간의 음향전달함수, GSM은 압축기와 검출기간의 음향전달함수)에 의해 결정되는 전달함수(G)를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  9. 제 1 항에 있어서, 압축기가 챔버내에서 개구부로부터 가장 먼 위치에 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  10. 제 1 항에 있어서, 음향발생기가 개구부에 근접하여 챔버내에 구비된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  11. 제 9 항에 있어서, 음향발생기가 개구벵 근접하여 챔버내에 구비된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  12. 제 1 항에 있어서, 음향발생기가 스피커인 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  13. 소음제거 시스템을 갖는 냉장고에 있어서, 냉각제를 압축시키기 위한 그리고 실질적인 소음원이 되는 압축기 ; 상기 압축기를 포함하고 한부분에 개구부를 갖고 있으며, 관의 단면적이 감소되는 압축기 소음의 파장보다 작은 1차원 관구조를 갖는 챔버 ; 압축기 상에 설치되며 압축기 소음을 나타내는 압축기 진동을 검출하기 위한 진동검출기 ; 상기 검출기의 출력신호를 처리하기 위한 제어회로 ; 및 상기 제어회로의 출력신호에 의해 구동되며, 압축기 소음에 대응하는 제어음향을 발생시키기 위한 음향발생기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  14. 제 13 항에 있어서, 챔버가 냉장고의 뒷면 바닥부에 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  15. 제 13 항에 있어서, 챔버가 약 640mm의 관길이를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  16. 제 13 항에 있어서, 챔버가 약 880mm의 관길이를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  17. 제 13 항에 있어서, 소음제거되는 주파수가 100-800Hz 범위에 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  18. 제 13 항에 있어서, 시간영역에서 직접적으로 신호를 처리히가 위한 FIR필터를 제어회로가 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  19. 제 13 항에 있어서, 제어회로가 다음식 ;
    G=-GMR/GAR
    GMR=GSR/GSM
    (여기서 GAR은 음향발생기와 개구부간의 음향전달함수, GSR은 압축기와 개구부간의 음향전달함수, GSM은 압축기와 검출기간의 음향전달함수)에 의해 결정되는 전달함수(G)를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  20. 제 13 항에 있어서, 압축기가 챔버내에서 개구부로부터 가장 먼 위치에 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  21. 제 13 항에 있어서, 음향발생기가 개구부에 근접하여 챔버내에 구비된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  22. 제 20 항에 있어서, 음향발생기가 개구부에 근접하여 챔버내에 구비된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  23. 제 13 항에 있어서, 음향발생기가 스피커인 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  24. 소음제거 시스템을 구비한 냉장고에 있어서, 냉각제를 압축시키기 위한 그리고 실질적으로 소음원이 되는 압축기 ; 압축기와 연결되어 있으며, 냉각제를 압축기로 전송시키기 위한 흡입관 ; 압축기를 포함하고, 한 부분에 개구부를 갖고 있으며, 관의단면치수가 감속될 압축기 소음의 파장보다 작은 1차원 관구조를 갖는 챔버 ; 흡입관 상에 설치되어 있으며, 압축기 소음을 나타내는 압축기 진동을 검출하기 위한 진동검출기 ; 검출기의 출력신호를 처리하기 위한 제어회로 ; 및 제어회로의 출력신호에 의해 구동되며 압축기 소음에 대응하는 제어음향을 발생하기 위한 음향발생기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  25. 제 24 항에 있어서, 검출기가 흡입관의 바닥부분에 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  26. 제 24 항에 있어서, 압축기가 챔버내에서 개구부로부터 가장 먼 위치에 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  27. 제 24 항에 있어서, 음향발생기가 개구부에 근접하여 챔버내에 구비된 것을 특징으로 하는 냉장고.
  28. 냉장고의 챔버에 음향발생기를 구비하여 압축기에 인접하여 설치된 진동검출기를 구비하는 냉장고의 소음제어 방법에 있어서, 압축기에서 발생되는 소음을 나타내는 압축기의 진동을 검출하는 단계 ; 압축기 소음에 반응하여 발생되는 제어음향의 크기를 결정하기 위한 진동 검출기의 출력신호를 처리하는 단계 ; 및 압축기 소음을 상쇄하기 위한 제어음향을 발생하는 음향발생기를 구동시키는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
    ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019900020859A 1989-12-18 1990-12-17 저소음 냉장고 및 소음제어방법 KR930008006B1 (ko)

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JP01-327785 1989-12-18
JP1327787A JPH0737870B2 (ja) 1989-12-18 1989-12-18 低騒音冷蔵庫
JP01-327784 1989-12-18
JP01-327737 1989-12-18
JP1327785A JPH03191276A (ja) 1989-12-18 1989-12-18 低騒音冷蔵庫
JP89-327784 1989-12-18
JP89-327785 1989-12-18
JP1327784A JPH03191275A (ja) 1989-12-18 1989-12-18 低騒音冷蔵庫
JP89-327787 1989-12-18

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GB2240199A (en) 1991-07-24
DE4040535C2 (de) 1995-10-12

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