KR820000361B1 - Method for densifying animal feed material - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for densifying granular animal feed material and A Lubricant-binder additive composition was described. Feed material was pelleted with a mixt. 0.01-0.2 wt. % of a fatty acid salt [(RCOO)nX; R = C1-30 aliphatic hydrocarbon, X=Na, K, Ca, Zn, Fe, Al, n=1-3 90-50 wt. %, a hydrogenated lipid 40-1 wt. %, and a water-sol. anionic polymer 15-0.5 wt. %. The mixt. acts as a lubricant and decreases power consumption during pelleting without reducing cohesion among the feed particles.

Description

Densification of Pressurized Animal Feed Materials by Lubricating-Binder

The present invention relates to a method and a lubricity-binding additive composition for densifying particulate solids while increasing the production rate without increasing the power for compaction molding.

Many products manufactured and marketed today have the appearance of agglomerates but are actually composed of finely divided particulate solids, which are compressed to the desired size and shape under high compression and elevated temperatures. Such a process is called volume densification and volume densification includes known methods such as pellets and extrusion. The basic purpose of this process is to obtain a durable, cohesive product that does not split or disintegrate, which requires relatively high power and at a relatively low production rate.

Products obtained from bulk densification are used for cattle feed with small ferrets of rat bait and cat dung, the main part of which is about 1/2 inch in length, and the briquettes and hay cubes, whose main part is about 1-4 inch in size. .

There are many limitations to reduce the power consumption and increase the production rate, as well as to improve the binding between the bulk densified particles used in animal feed, but unfortunately the improvement in particle binding leads to an increase in power consumption and a decrease in production rate. Additives that act as lubricants, for example during ferretization or extrusion, reduce the adhesion between the particles forming the final product.

It is known that the durability of volumetric densified animal feed products is reduced when used individually or in combination with plant and animal fats, oils and mineral oils. The amount of these substances to provide sufficient lubrication for power reduction and increased production is generally 1-2% by weight of the total feed. However, high concentrations of fats or oils reduce product cohesion, and high concentrations of fats or oils in the final product are inadequate for the end product application. For example, high levels of mineral oils can lead to decolorization and inadequate ferrets in addition to poor quality. Resin is not suitable for ruminants and in many cases oily fatty animals such as pigs and chicks use surplus amounts, and the feed has an oily appearance. For this reason, dairy and calf feeds cannot use surplus levels of oil and resin. In addition, the high viscosity of these materials makes it difficult to mix the solid components to be densified. The oil blends well though. However, the resin hardens at ambient temperature and needs heat to mix in the feed.

Additives are used to improve the cohesion between the particles that make densified products. Such additives are called binders and the binder commonly used for feed products is molasses. However, molasses as a binder decreases the lubricity and reduces the production speed, resulting in increased power consumption and increased production cost.

Other materials, such as clay, especially attapulgite, bentonite, ligninsulfonate, and by-products of the papermaking process, provide a relatively small lubricating effect for effective binders or large quantities of material to be densified.

In general, these substances should be present in at least 1-2% of the total feed, with a significant proportion present in the product but making little contribution to the nutritional value of the feed. For example, in 2 tonnes of feed, these binders correspond to 20-40 pounds of inert material, which provides no nutritional value.

The above-mentioned densified product, in which granular particles or granules are bound together by pressure during ferret operation, is formed from the granular particles but differs from other products produced in the mold of the gelatin binder, as described, for example, in US Pat. No. 2,593,577. Should be distinguished.

The improved process according to the present invention for compacting granular particles by compacting them into ferret-like forms provides for a complete feed mixture in which the blended feed is mixed with a sufficient amount of an additive mixture consisting of fatty hydrochloric acid, hydrogenated fat and anionic polymer. It consisted of pressure molding in the form. The additive compositions of the present invention provide a lubricity that improves durability of press-molded products and significantly reduces power consumption per unit yield of the product by performing pressure molding operations at significantly higher temperatures to improve binding between feed particles. Increase production rate per input.

The additive form of the present invention consisted of a mixture of a single salt of fatty acid, hydrogenated fat and a water soluble anionic polymer. The formulation of the additives gives the granular particles to be densified physical properties, providing good lubricity and binding to the animal feed material. These feed substances can be used for breeding animals, particularly for livestock such as pigs, sheep, horses, cattle, rabbits, and poultry such as ducks, geese, turkeys, chickens, and the like.

An important factor in using the additive composition of the present invention is the size of the particles. Selection of the appropriate particle size provides more effective dispersion of the additives in the feed material.

The improvement obtained from the use of the additive composition was found to be superior when the additive had a particle size no greater than minus 25 mesh and no less than minus 75 mesh in US sieve specifications. Although the minimum particle size is not known, decreasing the particle size below minus 75 mesh reduces the efficiency, it is necessary to increase the amount of material necessary to achieve the desired result, and the excessive increase in the particle size also causes similar problems. .

Typical salts of fatty acid components of the additives are monocarboxylic acid salts corresponding to the following general formula.

(RCOO) _n X

Wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 1-30 carbon atoms, in particular 10-25 carbon atoms, X is sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, iron, aluminum and R is 1-3.

Fatty acid salts suitable as components of the present invention come from fatty acids derived from most vegetable oils such as soybeans, peanuts, sharpurower, etc. Soaps from these fatty acids are excellent lubricants because of their low hydrogen unsaturation.

Many glyceride emulsifiers may be used, such as sorbitan stearate, laurate, orate, etc. and have this function as detergents derived from glycerides such as sodium lauryl sulfate, dicarboxylic acids or synthetic fatty alcohols. More suitable are salts derived from fatty acids found in resins known as resin soaps. Resin soaps known as high titration soaps are soaps with the highest melting points. This neutralized the high concentrations of stearic acid and palmitic acid with sodium ions to produce an appropriate level of 41-43. When finished in powder form, a high titration soap is 92-96% of by-products.

Hydrogenated fats include synthetic cocoates (solidified fats and oils), margarine (hydrogenated soybean oil), and additionally, solid fatty acids such as stearic acid, hydrogenated palmitic acid, oric acid are also suitable. A hypothetical suitable is hydrogenated resin glyceride (HTG), which is solidified by hydrogenating double bonds in the fatty acids contained in the resin. This raises the melting point by saturating each fatty acid chain with hydrogen. HTG has a titer of about 58 and an acid value of 1.4 parts. The acid value is determined by the number of potassium hydroxide neutralized by free acid in 1 g of fat, for example 1.4 mg of NaOH is neutralized by 1 g of HTG. The physical properties of the material are similar to those of hard paraffins, and the synthetic fatty alcohols CnOH, where n is not less than 16 in the formula, are not fats and are good substituents on HTG.

The most suitable water soluble anionic polymers are tolerable above the alkaline pH, i.e., alkaline carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) such as sodium, xanthan, locustamine, guar, Carrageenan and the like.

Suitable anionic polymers are polyacrylamides and polyacrylamides are acrylic acid-acrylamide resin based anionic polymers. Most suitable polyacrylamides in the present invention include up to 2% free acrylic acid monomers as required by the US Food and Drug Feeding Regulations of additives to animal feed. However, if they are to be used in feed, they may be used in the additive composition as polyacrylamide with a higher level of free acrylic acid.

Other suitable anionic polymers are karaya gums known as gum karaya, cardaya, catiro and the like. Karaya gum is a partially acetylated polysaccharide containing about 8% acetyl group and about 37% uronic acid residue.

When the three additives are combined, they become a product containing a water soluble phase (anionic polymer), a water soluble phase (fatty acid salt) and an insoluble phase (hydrogenated fat) in water.

In a suitable embodiment the additive mixture comprises polyacrylamide or gum karaya, resin soap, and HTG, both of the resin soap and HTG having a densification or ferretization temperature range of about 100-200 ° F., particularly 130-180 ° F. Melt within. The resin soap is hydrated in the presence of moisture so that all resin soaps of this type can liquefy the additive mixture under volumetric densification operating conditions.

Resin soap, a good lubricant, acts as an emulsifier between dissolved polyacrylamide and gum karaya and molten HTG. Preacrylamide or gum karaya acts as a thickener and stabilizer for the additive mixture and prevents the additive from penetrating into feed particles.

The HTG in the additive mixture melts to form a more viscous liquid to prevent excessive dilution or cleaning of the lubricant film by moisture.

The additive combination of HTG and soap provides good lubricity at typical densification temperatures in the range of about 100-200 ° F., in particular 130-180 ° F.

As mentioned above, the additive components of the present invention provide good lubricity to animal feed in or in water soluble systems. The appropriate amount of each additive depends on the nature, temperature and pressure of the particular feed to be analyzed and densified.

Generally, the total amount of additives is within about 0.01% to 0.2% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 0.1% by weight of the total feed material, although higher amounts may be used but there is no advantage of addition by this.

The ratio of fatty acid salts, hydrogenated fats and anionic polymers is in the ratio by weight of the additive of about 90: 40: 15-50: 1: 0.5 and especially 88: 20: 5-75: 5: 1.

In one embodiment, the anionic polymer and HTG are contacted with a molten resin soap containing 65% anhydrous soap and 35% water, by mixing the water-soluble slurry of the molten HTG with the anionic polymer. Is done. The resulting mixture is viscous as a partially hydrated polymer in water, cooled to solidify, dried and then triturated to the desired particle size according to standard soap treatment processes.

Additive components blended in this way have a significant advantage in dry blending each component for the following reasons. 1) to prevent the formation and separation of layers of components, 2) HTG melted with resin soap has a lower melting point than HTG and resin soap itself and is formulated into the product, and 3) the polymerization conditions of ferret mill Faster partial hydration in soap that is not post-treated in the chamber.

The basic soap preparation method is a suitable process that can be used to prepare the soap-HTG-polymer general formula. As illustrated in the figure, resin soaps are formed by neutralizing resin fatty acids with sodium hydroxide. To achieve this, the fatty resin is saponified, ie, fractionated with its glycerol and fatty acid components to remove glycerine by washing. Fractionation of resins is also achieved through the use of alkalis such as sodium hydroxide and potassium. The neutralization of fatty acids after removal of glycerin is allowed to continue to "cure" until the temperature drops to approximately 160-200 ° F and the water content is 32% by weight until the salts of fatty acids are formed. Since saponification of the resin and neutralization of fatty acids always occur near the boiling point of water, hardening of the kettle soap needs to cool the soap to complete the neutralization reaction and facilitate handling.

The kettle soap is then pumped into a mixing tank known as crunch to shake the crunch. Add karaya gum and other ingredients in HTG. The ingredients are added to the crunch to form a uniform liquid product which is then dried and crushed without separation in the drying step.

The soap from the crunch is dried by coating the membrane of the kettle soap on a large water-cooled roller and then collected in the form of a thin ribbon which is then passed through a dryer like a conventional dryer maintained at a temperature of about 170 ° F. Remove the remaining moisture from the soap.

The above-mentioned preparation method causes partial hydration of karaya gum in a soap solution, resulting in faster hydration of the polymer component in a ferret mill condition control chamber.

Other condition mechanisms can also be used in the soap industry. Rather than freezing soap on a chilled roller, it is better to coat the soap on a hot roller to remove moisture. The dried soap is scraped from the roller and crushed, which is called the "film drum dryer".

Densification of the feed material is subject to preconditioning operations in which the animal feed particles are mixed with a water soluble diluent.

Animal feed and particle size suitable for densification vary depending on several factors, such as composition, feed type, and operating conditions. These factors are known to those skilled in the art and the suitable particle size range for animal feed can generally vary from 1/8 inch to 300 mesh, in particular from about 1/8 inch to 100 mesh.

The use of water soluble diluents provides a method for the efficient and economical dispersion of liquefied form additives in particulate animal feed. Water vapor is the best way to disperse the admixture and water vapor also acts to dissolve and diffuse the admixture into the feed to activate it. The most effective steam temperature is 212–300 ° F. Steam is supplied until the water content of the feed mixture reaches 8-17%, in particular 10-15%, by weight of the total feed composition. The wetted particles are mechanically pressurized through a die opening to make a ferret, then cooled, dried by air flow, and the resulting ferret is packed and stored and shipped.

The preconditioning operation is suitably carried out on additives premixed with the feed material. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, such manipulations may be carried out in any order that is most convenient for the practitioner, either by diluting the additives and feed material, diluting them and then mixing with each other.

In a standard ferretization operation, the corrugated roller presses the granular particles through the lie opening to form a ferret, during which the subdivided particles of the feed material are pressed against each other and the heat passes through the die applied to the material. Increases to ° F.

The ferretized material released from the die is cooled and dried. A general method of ferreting animal feed is described in a book called "Petering Animal Feed" by Meyer Drive, published by the American Feed Manufacturing Association of Arlington, Virginia.

Ferret cattle feed is sometimes subject to rough handling by farmers during suits, transportation and distribution.

The ferrets must therefore have sufficient hardness and durability to withstand rough handling without disintegrating into unwanted powders that cannot retain nutrients. The standard test for durability involves placing 500 grams of ferret sample in a 12-inch by 12-inch X5 inch rectangular box, ie 30 revolutions per minute about an axis that is perpendicular to the long dimension of the can and passes through the center of the can between the axes. "Rolling Can Method" which rolls for 16.5 minutes at (rpm). After rolling, the ferret is collected and separated by quantification after passing through a screen having a hole of about 1/8 inch. The standard value PDI (Peret Endurance Index) is obtained by the following formula.

It is extruded through a die under pressure resulting from friction. Incorporation of the additive composition of the present invention into the feed material reduces this friction, which increases ferret manufacturing speed and produces a more durable high quality ferret.

The additive composition of the present invention is compressed in a passage through a closed mold or die to produce a pressurized product having a monolithic structure of predetermined arrangement and cohesion. Such processes include ferretization, shell carbonization, extrusion, compression molding and the like.

In order to provide nutritious round food to the cows, ferret feed materials formed from the combination of granular materials containing the desired nutritional value are prepared. The ferretized mill normally used is operated as follows.

The granular solids are mixed in a 400 pound ribbon mixer for about 5 minutes, the mixed solids are sent to a reservoir and then injected into a conditioning chamber and contacted with 60 psig water vapor for 30 seconds. The mixed solids discharged from the conditioning chamber are at a temperature of 100-170 ° F and have a water content of about 10-15 by weight. The conditioned feed is injected into a fixed roller and pressurized through the annular spinning die opening to compress the solid into the ferret.

The larger the PDI value, the more durable the Ferret product.

The following examples list particular examples of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

Example 1

Two tons of 16% natural protein ferrets are milled in a set of three revolution speeds on a rib drive mechanism under a controlled temperature of 188 ° F. Ferret has the following composition.

인치 다이로 부터 제조하며 9.12 또는 91.2%의 치를 갖는다.Perret

It is manufactured from inch die and has a value of 9.12 or 91.2%.

The same two tonnes of ferret are prepared by adding 0.05% of the following additives by weight.

* National purity Soap and chemical Co. Minneapolis, Minn.

** Glyco chemical Co., Greenwish, Conn.

*** Stein-Hall and Co., Louisville, Ky.

Mill speed and conditioning temperature are the same as those recorded in the comparison section. A significant reduction in power was obtained from the addition to the lubricant and a 14% power reduction was achieved in the feed formulations, the results of which are listed in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Example 2

Three tonnes of feed, similar to the 16% natural protein ferret of Example 1, were ferreted through a 3/16 inch die with the following additives.

1 serving: 2 tons as a comparison (without additives)

2 servings: 2 pounds with 2 pounds of 75% resin-soap, 25% HTG

3 Servings: 2 tons with 2 pounds of 85% resin-soap, 13% HTG and 1% polyacrylamide

Mill batches containing HTG and resin soap are 15 ° F hotter and 30% faster than batch batches. Three batches containing poria krillamide, HTG and resin-soap are milled 35 ° F. hotter than the comparison. The milling speed was 30% faster than the comparison and the three-division PDI showed a marked improvement over batch 1 and batch 2.

The results are listed in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Example 3

Three high tonnes of corn (4563 Hog Finisher Indianapolis farm Bureau), two tonnes each, are ferreted through a 1/4 inch die in 150 horsepower California ferrets and (CPM). The feed has the following composition:

The first batch contains no binder additive and the second batch contains 80 pounds of Massonnex TN, a binder based on lignin sulfonate, and the third batch contains two pounds of 13% HTG, 86% resin soap and 1% Polyacrylamide.

The results shown in Table 3 illustrate the ability of the present invention to obtain more durable ferrets at lower power under higher ferretization temperatures, higher milling speeds.

TABLE 3

Example 4

Three tonnes of two feeds containing 9% molasses are ferreted 5/16 inches in a 55 horsepower Simon-Baron ferret mill. Comparative batches do not include binding additives and batches include two pounds of additive having the following composition:

82 parts resin soap

13 HTG

Part 5 gum Karaya

Power consumption, wheat speed and feed temperature were recorded next and the results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4

The results indicate the additive's ability to ferret the feed at higher temperatures than the comparison. Additionally, the use of the lubricious binders, additives of the present invention can be ferretized with lower power consumption. Ferrets fed with additives are of higher quality, as is apparent with high PDI.

Claims (1)

Lubricating binder addition composition consisting of 90-50% by weight of fatty acid represented by (RCOO) nX, 40-1% by weight of hydrogenated fat and 15-0.5% by weight of water-soluble anionic polymer, was added to 0.01-0.2 Method for densification by adding by weight% to a predetermined shape (RCOO) nX Where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing 1-30 carbon atoms, X is selected from sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, iron, aluminum, etc., n is 1-3.