JPH0246259A - Feed for rearing fish - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a feed for rearing, having sufficient binding properties to prevent contamination of the seas and rivers even in the case of an increased ratio of a live feed and effective in growing cultured fish by containing salts coated with a highly water absorbing and water-insoluble substance. CONSTITUTION:A conventionally well-known formula feed is mixed with a live feed to produce a feed for rearing fish. In the process, e.g., a highly water absorbing resin, such as starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer, in an amount within the range of 0.01-20wt.%, preferably 0.1-10wt.% based on the total amount of the feed for rearing fish is added and salts, e.g., vitamins or minerals, in the formula feed are coated with at least one of water-insoluble substances, such as fats and oils or fatty acids, having >=30 deg.C melting point and added thereto.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to fish feed. More specifically, it has sufficient caking properties to prevent pollution of oceans and rivers even when the ratio of raw feed to compounded feed is increased, does not disintegrate after being administered in water, and is effective for the growth of cultivated fish. Regarding fish feed.

[Problems to be solved by conventional technology and the invention] Up until now, feed aquaculture in Japan has been using shredded and crushed fresh fish as feed, but this often results in leaching of nutrients, etc., and the conversion rate of feed to cultured fish is low. There was a significant decrease in water quality and pollution of the sea area around fish farms, and improvements in these areas were desired and were made.

Therefore, in recent years, a fish feed has been proposed in which raw feed and compound feed are mixed together and a water-soluble polymer is used as a binder to form pellets. 55-1
04864), and combinations of sodium polyacrylate with guar gum, sodium alginate or carboxymethyl cellulose salt (JP-A-54-105078, JP-A-54-105078, JP-A-54-5B-
158143) have been proposed.

However, the above binding agent has a blending ratio of raw bait of 50%.
When the proportion of raw feed is less than 50% by weight, it has sufficient cohesive strength and the appearance of the pellets is not relatively moist. As the temperature decreases, the pellet becomes sticky, and in extreme cases, there is a problem that pellets cannot be formed.

Therefore, a method of adding a super absorbent resin has been proposed (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 157940/1983). However, although simply adding a superabsorbent resin gives caking properties, if the content of salts such as vitamins and minerals in the compound feed increases, the water absorption performance decreases and the caking strength decreases. and was not necessarily satisfactory.

[Means to solve the problem]

Therefore, as a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventor added a super absorbent resin as an additive and coated the salts in the compound feed with a water-insoluble substance with a melting point of 30°C or higher. By adding this additive, even when the proportion of forage to the compounded feed is increased, it maintains the same caking properties as before, absorbs the water in the forage, does not make the pellets sticky, and has sufficient hardness when administered in water. The inventors have discovered that it is possible to obtain fish feed that does not disintegrate and does not have any adverse effects on fish farming, and has completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention provides at least one water-insoluble substance containing a superabsorbent resin and a salt, the salt having a melting point of 30°C or higher.
The present invention provides fish feed characterized by being coated with seeds.

The super absorbent resin according to the present invention is a substance that is insoluble in water, absorbs a large amount of water when it comes into contact with water, and has a water absorption capacity of 30 times or more its own weight. starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer,
The cross-linked polyalkylene oxide disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-89672, the saponified vinyl ester-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-13495, and the saponified vinyl ester-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-3℃710 A self-crosslinking polyacrylate obtained by the reversed-phase suspension polymerization method disclosed, a reaction product of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer and a cyclic acid anhydride disclosed in JP-A-54-20093, JP-A-55- Examples include crosslinked polyacrylates disclosed in JP-A No. 84304 and post-crosslinked polymers disclosed in JP-A-59-62665. A particularly preferable superabsorbent resin is a substance having a water absorption capacity of 100 times or more of its own weight, and from the viewpoint of caking property, a superabsorbent resin obtained by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers, especially acrylates. Excellent resin.

The superabsorbent resin used in the present invention is usually in the form of powder, particulates, granules, or scales. The amount added is 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total feed.

In addition, the salts used in the present invention include vitamins A, E, Kl, B, and C contained in compound feed.

B6. Examples include vitamins such as B+□, minerals such as potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, common salt, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate, or mixtures thereof. The content of salt top in the feed of the present invention is preferably 0.001 to 4% by weight.

In the present invention, the salts are coated with at least one water-insoluble substance having a melting point of 30° C. or higher. Examples of water-insoluble substances with a melting point of 30° C. or higher used in the present invention include fats and oils, fatty acids and their salts, higher alcohols, fatty acid derivatives, and the like.

The fats and oils with a melting point of 30°C or higher used in the present invention are not particularly limited, but include hardened beef tallow, hardened natto, chili oil,
Examples include hardened soybean oil and waxes. Examples of fatty acids and salts thereof include stearic acid, arachidonic acid, magnesium salts of stearic acid, and calcium salts of stearic acid. Examples of higher alcohols include Eva, coconut alcohol, stearyl alcohol,
Examples include myristyl alcohol. Examples of fatty acid derivatives include esterified products of fatty acids and alcohols, amidated products of fatty acids and amines, and specific examples include pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, higher alcohols, and higher alcohols having hydroxyl groups. Examples include esterified products with alcohols, amidated products with -class amines having 12 or more carbon atoms, or secondary amines.

In the present invention, the ratio of salts and water-insoluble substances having a melting point of 30°C or higher when coating salts is not particularly limited, but it is sufficient that the salts are sufficiently coated, and usually the melting point of the salts being coated is The amount of the water-insoluble substance at 30°C or higher is preferably 10.0 to 99.9% by weight,
More preferably, it is 20.0 to 99.0% by weight.

The coating method is not particularly limited, but salts may be poured into a molten water-insoluble substance with a melting point of 30°C or higher, stirred, and then ground to a certain size, or a similar method may be used. It is also possible to continuously feed salts into a water-insoluble substance to coat it and then crush it. This object can also be achieved by spraying a melted water-insoluble substance with a melting point of 30° C. or higher onto salts.

In the present invention, the superabsorbent resin works effectively by coating with salts, and the weight ratio of compound feed/raw feed is 5.
It became possible to produce fish feed with a ratio of 15 to 1/9.

Compound feeds are conventionally known sources of animal protein, such as fishmeal (white fishmeal, brown fishmeal), meat and bone meal, feather meal, fish 'n lubre, bloodmeal, etc., and vegetable oil meal (large amount). (bean meal, corn, milo, wheat flour, rice bran, etc.), and other raw materials as necessary (α-starch, gluten, etc., and trace additives such as vitamins and minerals).

Raw bait refers to frozen sardines, kounako, mackerel, saury, shrimp, etc., which are high-yield fish, either as they are or chopped into minced or chunky pieces.

The fish feed of the present invention contains conventionally known binders such as carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na).
There is no problem in adding small amounts of carboxymethylcellulose salts such as, sodium alginate, carrageenan, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, etc.

The moist pellets of the fish feed of the present invention may be produced by a commonly used method, except that the pellets are coated with a water-insoluble substance having a melting point of 30° C. or higher before adding salts. That is, fish meal, oil cake, flour powder, salt coating powder coated with a water-insoluble substance with a melting point of 30°C or higher, and a compound made by mixing super absorbent resin with other raw materials, and raw bait such as minced frozen sardines. The resulting mixture is granulated using an extrusion granulator to obtain moist pellets.

The moist pellets of the fish feed of the present invention are non-sticky and have excellent shape retention. In addition, there is no fragmentation and dispersion in the sea, and there is less exposure to water-soluble nutrients, making it highly palatable.
It has a good fish predation rate and is effective in preventing pollution of the aquaculture sea surface.

〔Example〕

Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail by giving examples and comparative examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Examples 1 to 4 Vitamins in hardened beef tallow with a vitamin content of 15% by weight
and 30% by weight coating powder, and 4 types of coating powders each coated with hardened beef tallow so that the mineral content is 15% by weight and 30% by weight, each with an effective content of 1. .0g and a super water absorbent resin made of a post-crosslinked polymer produced by the method disclosed in JP-A No. 59-62665.
．． 2g of the mixture was mixed, 100 + n7 of distilled water was added to the mixed product, and immediately after the mixture was left for 30 minutes, unabsorbed water was removed by suction filtration, the weight of the residue was measured, and its water absorption ability was investigated.

The results are shown in Table 1.

As is clear from Table 1, the water absorption performance of all the mixtures to which coating powder was added was slightly lower than that of the super absorbent resin alone (Reference Example 1), but the mixtures had a water absorption capacity of more than 100 times its own weight. It had water absorption ability and a sufficiently satisfactory caking force.

Comparative Examples 1-2 Non-coated product 1 of vitamin mixture and mineral mixture
．． 0g and 0.2 of the super absorbent resin similar to Examples 1 to 4.
g was mixed, and the water absorption capacity was measured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4.

The results are shown in Table 1.

As is clear from Table 1, the water absorption capacity of the comparative product to which the uncoated product was added was less than 100 times its own weight, which clearly lowered the water absorption capacity and the caking power was not satisfactory.

Table 1 Examples 5-6 Vitamin Px/Mineral Px (
Mixed product with a weight ratio of 2/1) and hardened beef tallow with a ratio of 1
Mixed feeds coated with 5% by weight and 30% by weight were added as effective ingredients in the proportions shown in Table 2, and minced sardines were added to 3nia (weight ratio).
The mixture was mixed in a ratio of 1, and then granulated into pellets to create moist pellets.

The performance evaluation results of this moist pellet are shown in Table 3.
This moist pellet did not cause any trouble in handling during production. In addition, there was no stickiness, the pellet surface was smooth, the pellet did not lose its shape, and the moist pellets broke apart well. Furthermore, this pellet was frozen and stored at -20°C for 24 hours, but it remained in good condition without any change. These pellets were fed to the yellowtail fish during cultivation, but the pellets had good shape retention in the sea, were well taken by fish, and no seawater contamination was observed.

Comparative Example 3 Moist pellets were created by performing the same operations as in Examples 5 and 6 using a compounded feed in which vitamin Px/mineral Px (weight ratio 2/1) was added in the proportions shown in Table 2 without coating. did.

The performance evaluation results of this moist pellet are shown in Table 3.
These moist pellets were sticky during manufacture and had poor dispersion, and in particular, moist pellets became sticky to each other due to pressure applied during handling during feeding, making it difficult to administer uniformly onto the sea surface.

There was also the risk of deformation in the sea, poor predation by fish, and seawater contamination.

Table 2 Note) *1: Table of post-crosslinked polymer produced by the method disclosed in JP-A No. 59-62665 Note) Evaluation criteria: ◎Best ○Good ∆ Average × Slightly bad × × Poor

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Contains a super absorbent resin and salts, and the salts have a melting point of 3
A fish feed characterized by being coated with at least one water-insoluble substance at a temperature of 0°C or higher. 2. The fish feed according to claim 1, wherein the water-insoluble substance having a melting point of 30°C or higher is an oil or fat, a fatty acid or a salt thereof, a higher alcohol, or a fatty acid derivative. 3. The fish feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the salts are vitamins, minerals, or a mixture thereof.