KR20240172180A - 발포제, 발포성 수지 조성물, 폴리우레탄우레아 수지계 발포체, 및 폴리우레탄우레아 수지계 발포체의 제조방법 - Google Patents
발포제, 발포성 수지 조성물, 폴리우레탄우레아 수지계 발포체, 및 폴리우레탄우레아 수지계 발포체의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20240172180A KR20240172180A KR1020247032311A KR20247032311A KR20240172180A KR 20240172180 A KR20240172180 A KR 20240172180A KR 1020247032311 A KR1020247032311 A KR 1020247032311A KR 20247032311 A KR20247032311 A KR 20247032311A KR 20240172180 A KR20240172180 A KR 20240172180A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- amine compound
- compound
- resin composition
- carbon dioxide
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/14—Manufacture of cellular products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3225—Polyamines
- C08G18/3234—Polyamines cycloaliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3225—Polyamines
- C08G18/3237—Polyamines aromatic
- C08G18/324—Polyamines aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3225—Polyamines
- C08G18/3253—Polyamines being in latent form
- C08G18/3259—Reaction products of polyamines with inorganic or organic acids or derivatives thereof other than metallic salts
- C08G18/3265—Reaction products of polyamines with inorganic or organic acids or derivatives thereof other than metallic salts with carbondioxide or sulfurdioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/73—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates acyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
- C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
- C08G18/752—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
- C08G18/753—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
- C08G18/755—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/02—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by the reacting monomers or modifying agents during the preparation or modification of macromolecules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/02—Polyureas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022063537 | 2022-04-06 | ||
| JPJP-P-2022-063537 | 2022-04-06 | ||
| PCT/JP2023/007189 WO2023195270A1 (ja) | 2022-04-06 | 2023-02-28 | 発泡剤、発泡性樹脂組成物、ポリウレタンウレア樹脂系発泡体、及びポリウレタンウレア樹脂系発泡体の製造方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20240172180A true KR20240172180A (ko) | 2024-12-09 |
Family
ID=88242893
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020247032311A Pending KR20240172180A (ko) | 2022-04-06 | 2023-02-28 | 발포제, 발포성 수지 조성물, 폴리우레탄우레아 수지계 발포체, 및 폴리우레탄우레아 수지계 발포체의 제조방법 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250223412A1 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP4506399A4 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2023195270A1 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20240172180A (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN118871516A (https=) |
| TW (1) | TW202342591A (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2023195270A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119855854A (zh) * | 2022-09-08 | 2025-04-18 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 发泡树脂形成性组合物、聚脲系树脂发泡体和聚脲系树脂发泡体的制造方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4735799B1 (https=) | 1968-09-30 | 1972-09-08 | ||
| JPS5052175A (https=) | 1973-09-03 | 1975-05-09 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4735799Y1 (https=) * | 1967-09-20 | 1972-10-30 | ||
| JP2017125143A (ja) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-20 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | ポリウレア樹脂形成性組成物 |
| JP6921506B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-25 | 2021-08-18 | コベストロ、ドイチュラント、アクチエンゲゼルシャフトCovestro Deutschland Ag | 連続気泡性硬質ポリウレタンフォームの製造方法 |
| CN117980379A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2024-05-03 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 发泡性树脂组合物、发泡体、发泡体的制造方法、和发泡性固化剂 |
| US20250215177A1 (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2025-07-03 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Blowing agent, foaming resin composition, polyurea resin foam, and production method for polyurea resin foam |
-
2023
- 2023-02-28 JP JP2024514183A patent/JPWO2023195270A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-02-28 EP EP23784563.1A patent/EP4506399A4/en active Pending
- 2023-02-28 US US18/852,593 patent/US20250223412A1/en active Pending
- 2023-02-28 CN CN202380028027.9A patent/CN118871516A/zh active Pending
- 2023-02-28 KR KR1020247032311A patent/KR20240172180A/ko active Pending
- 2023-02-28 WO PCT/JP2023/007189 patent/WO2023195270A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-06 TW TW112107963A patent/TW202342591A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4735799B1 (https=) | 1968-09-30 | 1972-09-08 | ||
| JPS5052175A (https=) | 1973-09-03 | 1975-05-09 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2023195270A1 (https=) | 2023-10-12 |
| EP4506399A1 (en) | 2025-02-12 |
| EP4506399A4 (en) | 2025-07-02 |
| US20250223412A1 (en) | 2025-07-10 |
| WO2023195270A1 (ja) | 2023-10-12 |
| CN118871516A (zh) | 2024-10-29 |
| TW202342591A (zh) | 2023-11-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101939350B (zh) | 耐晒发泡聚氨酯模塑品 | |
| ES2687186T3 (es) | Composición que contiene compuestos especiales de tipo carbamato, apropiada para la producción de espumas de poliuretano | |
| ES2902790T3 (es) | Compuestos nitrogenados apropiados para empleo en la producción de poliuretano | |
| JP6291494B2 (ja) | 組成物 | |
| EP3374411B1 (en) | Reactive flame retardants for polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams | |
| WO2008062796A1 (en) | Method for producing hard polyurethane foam and hard polyurethane foam | |
| KR20130027419A (ko) | 2액 경화형 발포 폴리우레탄 수지 조성물, 우레탄 성형체 및 신발창 | |
| US20210122872A1 (en) | Flame-resistant polyurethane foam material | |
| KR20230117741A (ko) | 폴리우레탄 발포체의 제조 | |
| EP3328911A1 (en) | Guanylurea alcohol phosphates and their use as reactants in polyurethane and epoxy resin applications | |
| KR20180014001A (ko) | 알데히드 방출이 감소된 폴리우레탄 | |
| KR20240172180A (ko) | 발포제, 발포성 수지 조성물, 폴리우레탄우레아 수지계 발포체, 및 폴리우레탄우레아 수지계 발포체의 제조방법 | |
| KR20240172179A (ko) | 발포제, 발포성 수지 조성물, 폴리우레아 수지계 발포체, 및 폴리우레아 수지계 발포체의 제조방법 | |
| CN101190963A (zh) | 发泡聚氨酯的制造方法 | |
| US12129330B2 (en) | Method for reduction of aldehyde emission in polyurethane comprising materials | |
| JP6770475B2 (ja) | 親水性ポリウレタンフォームとその製造方法 | |
| CA3257349A1 (en) | POLYURETHANE FOAM PRODUCTION | |
| JP7597248B2 (ja) | 発泡樹脂形成性組成物、ポリウレア系樹脂発泡体、及びポリウレア系樹脂発泡体の製造方法 | |
| KR20070007278A (ko) | 열경화성 폴리아미드 발포체와 그의 용도 및 열경화성폴리아미드 제조방법 | |
| JP2022151503A (ja) | イソシアネート組成物、2液型ウレタン樹脂形成性組成物、およびウレタン樹脂 | |
| WO2021067553A1 (en) | Guanamines and bis-guanamines useful in polyols and foams | |
| KR102933604B1 (ko) | 폴리우레탄 엘라스토머 발포체의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 폴리우레탄 엘라스토머 발포체 | |
| WO2018234348A1 (en) | Formulation for reduction of formaldehyde emission in pu foam | |
| JP7838356B2 (ja) | ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィン発泡ポリウレタンフォーム製造用のポリオール系配合液組成物、及びその用途 | |
| CN110407998B (zh) | 降低醛释放的组合物、多元醇产品、聚氨酯体系及其制备方法和用途 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA0105 | International application |
Patent event date: 20240926 Patent event code: PA01051R01D Comment text: International Patent Application |
|
| PG1501 | Laying open of application |