KR20240024791A - Shotcrete system for construction under ultra-deep shafts and method of spraying concrete under ultra-deep shafts - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention includes a material mixing machine, a shotcrete machine, an ash chute, a hose and a concrete spraying device, wherein the shotcrete machine supplies wet concrete material to the ash chute and hose, and finally sprays it on the inner wall of the vertical shaft through the concrete spraying device. This relates to a shotcrete system for construction under ultra-deep vertical shafts. Adopting the shotcrete system and method for construction under ultra-deep vertical shafts of the present invention can reduce the number of times the spraying device goes up and down the shaft during construction of ultra-deep vertical shafts, reduce safety risks, shorten construction process changeover time, and It can reduce auxiliary work and improve construction progress. During construction, the concrete spraying material is transported within the pipeline to prevent the tunnel walls from being wetted by water, which helps control the quality of protection for the concrete sprayed under the ultra-deep mine shaft. Signal stations and cameras enable long-distance and visual manipulation.

Description

Shotcrete system for construction under ultra-deep shafts and method of spraying concrete under ultra-deep shafts

The present invention relates to the field of vertical tunnel construction technology, and particularly to a shotcrete system for construction under an ultra-deep vertical shaft and a method for spraying concrete under an ultra-deep vertical shaft.

In general, shafts with a depth of less than 300 meters are considered shallow shafts, 300-600 meters are medium-depth shafts, 600-1,000 meters are deep shafts, and more than 1,000 meters are considered ultra-deep shafts. During the construction of a vertical shaft, concrete must be sprayed on the walls of the vertical shaft to support and protect it during the continuous excavation process. The traditional method is to use an elevator on the ground to transport the spraying device to the bottom of the mine shaft, and place the shotcrete machine by avoiding the up and down position of the bucket on the bottom of the mine shaft, and the shotcrete machine is connected to the slurry spraying transport pipeline to spray concrete and from the ground to the bottom of the shaft. The slurry spray head is connected to a water pipe supplying water from the ground, and the concrete mixture to be sprayed is placed in the bottom discharge bucket and sent down to the bottom of the mine shaft, where two people use shovels. The wet sprayed concrete material is put into the receiving hopper of the shotcrete machine, and under the action of pressurized air, the wet concrete material in the receiving hopper reaches the mixer of the shotcrete head through the shotcrete pipeline, so that one person turns on the water supply device of the shotcrete head mixer. The wet concrete material is mixed with a high-pressure water stream to form a semi-wet sample, and the sprayed concrete is sprayed onto the walls of the shaft through a shotcrete head.

According to statistics, it takes a lot of time each time to lower and level the shotcrete machine, connect the shotcrete machine to pressurized air, connect to the shotcrete pipeline, connect the mixer to the water pipe, etc., for example, deep 1,500 meters deep. In the case of a shaft, it takes at least 60 minutes each time and 30 hours to lower each 60m section 30 times. Therefore, the prior art has the following disadvantages. (1) Process changes are frequent and time-consuming, and the construction process efficiency is low due to long circulation times. (2) The work surface is narrow, there are a lot of people and devices, so accidents with injuries are easy to occur. (3) The equipment has to be lifted and transported frequently in the mine shaft, which poses safety risks and increases costs. (4) If the bottom of the tunnel is wet with water, the spraying material can easily be soaked or washed away, and the pipe can easily be clogged when spraying.

The object of the present invention is to provide a shotcrete system for construction under ultra-deep vertical shafts, comprising a material mixing machine, a shotcrete machine, an ash chute, a hose and a concrete spraying device, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

The material mixing machine is used to continuously feed wet concrete material to the shotcrete machine, wet concrete material refers to concrete with a moisture content of 8%-10%. The shotcrete machine is used to inject wet concrete material supplied by the material mixing machine into an ash chute with compressed gas.

The ash chute is made of a steel tube, such as a ϕ159 steel tube, and is configured to quickly transport concrete to the bottom of the mine shaft through the ash chute and hose through the action of gravity and compressed gas and deliver it to the concrete spraying device. The hose can use rubber steel wire tube, and the ash chute and hose are connected in the pallet.

The function of the mixer is to sufficiently mix the wet concrete material in the hose (carried by the high-pressure airflow provided by the shotcrete machine) with water, and then spray it onto the vertical shaft wall through the spray nozzle by the action of the high-pressure airflow inside the slurry spraying pipeline. By spraying, it attaches to the rock surface of the tunnel wall and reaches a stable state where it does not flow or fall off. After explosion, it fills and closes cracks in the tunnel wall and achieves adhesive bonding. Reinforced mesh shotcrete is formed together with the reinforcing bar network to support and protect, and the reinforcing mesh shotcrete serves as a temporary support for the vertical shaft rock, preventing accidents where the rock layer of the vertical shaft wall falls off and injures people.

Based on the above-described solution, it further includes a ring-shaped track installed at the bottom of the shaft and used to drive the concrete spraying device. The movement of the concrete sprayer on the ring track can be driven by a servo motor.

The present invention also provides a method for spraying concrete under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, wherein, when starting to spray concrete, first transport high-pressure air into the ash chute through the shotcrete machine, and at the same time into the mixer through the water inlet. transporting water to and finally introducing wet concrete material into the ash chute through a shotcrete machine; In the process of spraying, the concrete spraying device is first rotated 180° in one direction on the ring track to spray on the half shaft surface of the shaft wall, then rotated in reverse to return to the starting position, and then rotated 180° backwards from the starting position. Spraying the remaining half of the tunnel surface on the tunnel wall; When spraying is finished, first stop transporting the concrete material into the shotcrete machine, then stop transporting water into the mixer, and finally stop transporting high-pressure air from the shotcrete machine into the ash chute. Includes.

The above-mentioned method strictly controls the sequential order of supplying and blocking high-pressure air, water, and concrete, and this control can avoid the risk of pipes being blocked during the construction process.

Adopting the shotcrete system and method for construction under ultra-deep vertical shafts of the present invention can reduce the number of times the spraying device goes up and down the shaft during construction of ultra-deep vertical shafts, reduce safety risks, and shorten construction process changeover time. This can reduce auxiliary work and improve construction progress. During construction, the concrete spraying material is transported within the pipeline to prevent the tunnel walls from being wetted by water, which helps control the quality of protection for the concrete sprayed under the ultra-deep mine shaft. Signal stations and cameras enable long-distance and visual manipulation. In the actual application process, the system and method of the present invention can show superiority as the depth of the vertical shaft increases.

The advantages and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reading the detailed description of the specific embodiments below. The attached drawings are illustrative and should not be considered limiting to the present invention.
1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the shotcrete system of the present invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the mixer structure of the concrete spraying device in the system of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing another mixer structure of a concrete spraying device in the system of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a specific concrete spraying device in Example 1 of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the concrete spraying device and the annular track in Example 5.
Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of another specific concrete spraying device in Example 1 of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the planar visual structure of the concrete spraying device shown in Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the concrete spraying device of Example 7 and the annular track.

The following examples are provided to illustrate the technical solution according to the present invention. It should be noted that the following examples do not limit the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, the shotcrete system for construction under ultra-deep vertical shafts includes a material mixing machine (1), a shotcrete machine (2), an ash chute (4), a hose (5), and a concrete spraying device (6). Includes.

The material mixing machine (1) is used to continuously feed wet concrete material (wet concrete material means concrete with a moisture content of 8%-10%) to the shotcrete machine (2). The shotcrete machine (2) is used to inject the wet concrete material supplied by the material mixing machine (1) into the ash chute (4) with compressed gas.

The ash chute (4) is made of a steel tube such as a ϕ159 steel tube, and by the action of gravity and compressed gas, concrete is transported to the bottom of the mine shaft through the ash chute (4) and hose (5), and is sprayed onto the concrete spraying device (6). It is configured to be delivered to. The hose (5) can use a rubber steel wire tube, and the ash chute (4) and hose (5) are connected on the pallet (3).

The concrete spraying device 6 is used to receive wet concrete material delivered by the hose 5, mix it with water, and spray it on the tunnel walls.

As a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the concrete spraying device 6 includes a mixer 6-7 and a mixer 6-7 that mix the wet concrete material transported by the hose 5 with water. It includes a spray nozzle (6-8) for spraying the wet concrete material mixed by 7) onto the shaft wall, and water flowing into the mixer (6-7) is provided by the inlet (6-74).

The function of the mixer (6-7) is to sufficiently mix the wet concrete material (carried by the high-pressure airflow provided by the shotcrete machine) in the hose (5) with water, and then by the action of the high-pressure airflow inside the slurry spraying pipeline. It is sprayed on the vertical shaft wall through the spray nozzle (6-8), attaches to the rock surface of the shaft wall, reaches a stable state where it does not flow and does not fall off, explodes, and fills and closes the cracks in the shaft wall, creating an adhesive bond. . Reinforced mesh shotcrete is formed together with the reinforcing bar network to support and protect, and the reinforcing bar mesh shotcrete serves as a temporary support for the vertical shaft rock, preventing accidents where the rock layer of the vertical shaft wall falls off and injures people.

In order to better implement the mixing of wet concrete material and water and at the same time obtain a better spraying effect, as shown in FIG. 4, in a further optimized embodiment, the mixer 6-7 is provided with a material receiving chamber 6- 71), a nozzle 6-72, a mixing chamber 6-73, and a water inlet 6-74.

The material receiving chamber 6-71, the mixing chamber 6-73, and the spray nozzle 6-8 are sequentially connected, and the nozzle 6-72 is located inside the material receiving chamber 6-71. is installed, the material entry end of the nozzle 6-72 is connected to the hose 5, and the material outlet end of the nozzle 6-72 is configured to face the mixing chamber 6-73. The water inlet (6-74) is installed in the material receiving chamber (6-71), and water is supplied through a pump from the side of the vertical shaft, or a water storage device is installed on the pallet and water is transported to the water storage device in advance and then pumped. Water can be supplied in various ways, such as supplying water to the water inlet (6-74) or directly extracting water from the tunnel wall below the tunnel using a pump.

In order to better implement mixing of wet concrete material and water, the inner diameter of the material receiving chamber 6-71 is larger than the inner diameter of the mixing chamber 6-73, and the material receiving chamber 6-71 and the mixing chamber ( A conical chamber (6-76) is installed between 6-73), the inner diameter of the inlet end of the conical chamber (6-76) is the same as the inner diameter of the material receiving chamber (6-71), and the inner diameter of the outlet end is mixed. It is the same as the inner diameter of the chamber (6-73).

The material receiving chamber 6-71 receives high-pressure wet concrete material from the hose 5 and water from the water inlet 6-75, and the high-pressure gas, water and wet concrete material are exposed to the action of the high-pressure gas. It passes through the shrinkage chamber 6-73 and the mixing chamber 6-74, is sufficiently mixed to form wet concrete, and is sprayed through the spray nozzle 6-8 under the drive of high-pressure gas.

Because the high-pressure air of the shotcrete machine 2 is transported over a long distance, the pressure is lowered when sprayed from the nozzle 6-72. In order to solve this technical problem, as shown in FIG. 4, the present invention installs an air inlet (6-75) on the wall of the material receiving chamber (6-71) to allow high pressure air to flow from the air inlet (6-75). Supplement. By installing a compressor inside the tunnel, high-pressure air can be supplied from the compressor, or by installing an air tube outside the tunnel in advance, high-pressure air can be supplied from a compressor on the ground. Both methods are no longer shown in the drawings.

When spraying concrete, the worker holds the concrete spray device (6) and performs the spraying work. This method consumes a lot of the worker's physical strength, and requires coordination and communication with the worker above the tunnel during the work process. It is difficult for a person to complete all tasks. To solve this problem, as shown in FIG. 5, the concrete spraying device 6 of FIGS. 3 and 4 may further include a base 6-1 and a support frame 6-4. The support frame 6-4 is installed on the base 6-1, the mixer 6-7 is installed on the support frame 6-4, and the concrete spraying device is installed on the base 6-1. Wheels (6-2) are installed for movement of (6). Accordingly, the movement of the concrete spraying device 6 is driven by the wheels 6-2, thereby significantly saving manpower.

The wheel 6-2 can save a lot of manpower, but in the case of concrete spraying work, since the movement of the wheel 6-2 is irregular, it is difficult to spray concrete evenly on the walls of the vertical shaft. In order to solve this problem, as shown in FIG. 6, the shotcrete system of the present invention additionally includes an annular track 10 installed at the bottom of the annular shaft and used for movement of the concrete spraying device 6. The annular track 10 may be in the shape of a complete circle or may be in the shape of a partial circle depending on the actual injection demand.

The concrete spraying device 6 can move along the annular track 10 within the shaft and spray concrete in each direction along the circular shaft wall of the vertical shaft. The movement of the concrete spraying device 6 on the annular track 10 can be driven by a servo motor.

The spray speed can be controlled by controlling the volume and pressure of pressurized air on the ground. In other words, if you close the air volume slightly and release the pressure slightly, the injection speed will decrease, and vice versa.

Because the distance from the bottom of the mine shaft to the ground is long, there is a large delay in controlling the spraying speed using the wind volume and pressure of the shotcrete machine (2) installed completely on the ground. To solve this problem, as shown in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9, the base 6-1 of the concrete spraying device 6 of the present invention includes a spraying device base 6-11 and a moving base 6. -12) is included. The support frame 6-4 is installed on the sprayer base 6-11, and the wheel 6-2 is installed on the mobile base 6-12, and the mobile base 6-12 is equipped with a sprayer base 6-11. A track 6-13 is provided for sliding the device base 6-11, and the moving base 6-12 is used to run on the annular track 10. If the spraying speed is too fast, only adjust the relative position between the spraying device base (6-11) and the moving base (6-12) so that the spraying device base (6-11) moves away from the shaft wall; if the spraying speed is too slow, Simply move the sprayer base (6-11) through the track (6-13) so that the spray nozzle (6-8) is closer to the shaft wall.

As shown in Figures 5 and 7, as a specific solution, the support frame 6-4 is a lifting cylinder that can be used to adjust the spray height, and a U between the mixer 6-7 and the lifting cylinder A shaped frame (6-5) and bracket (6-6) are installed. The cylinder barrel 6-41 of the lifting cylinder is fixed to the base 6-1, the piston rod 6-42 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped frame 6-5, and the mixer 6-7 ) is fixed to the bracket (6-6). The bracket (6-6) is rotatably connected to the U-shaped frame (6-5), and the U-shaped frame (6-5) is installed so that the spray nozzle (6-8) can rotate up and down 90°. , a rotation axis implementing rotation in the horizontal direction of the spray nozzle 6-8 may be added between the piston rod 6-42 and the U-shaped frame 6-5 (the rotation axis is no longer shown in the drawing). does not work).

In the process of constructing ultra-deep vertical shafts, communication between below and above the shaft is very important, for example, to ensure that the workers above the shaft are fully aware of the situation below the shaft before operating the shotcrete machine, and that the workers below the shaft are also The signal sent by must be received. For this reason, the shotcrete system for construction under an ultra-deep vertical shaft of the present invention additionally includes a monitoring control system, and the monitoring control system includes an operation control console (7) installed above the tunnel and a concrete spraying device (6). It includes one camera (6-3), a second camera (8) installed on a pallet (3) in the tunnel, and a signal relay station (9).

The operation control console 7 receives real-time monitoring video signals from the first camera 6-3 and the second camera 8 and a work command request sent by the worker under the tunnel through the signal relay station 9. The operation control console (7) is also used to transmit work orders to workers down the shaft through the signal relay station (9).

Based on the above-described solution, in order to ensure a smooth communication channel between workers above and below the shaft, an explosion-proof telephone (not further shown in the drawing) is additionally included for communicating above and below the shaft.

Example 2

Based on the shotcrete system for construction under ultra-deep shafts provided in Example 1, this embodiment provides a method for spraying concrete under ultra-deep shafts, the method comprising:

When starting concrete spraying, first transport high-pressure air into the ash chute (4) through the shotcrete machine (2), and at the same time transport water into the mixer (6-7) through the water inlet (6-74); Finally, introducing the wet concrete material into the ash chute (4) through the shotcrete machine (2); in the process of spraying, the concrete spraying device (6) is first moved in one direction (e.g., on the annular track (10)) For example, rotate 180° in the direction of the forward hand and spray on half of the shaft surface of the tunnel wall, then rotate reversely (reverse clock) to return to the starting position, and then rotate 180° reverse (reverse clock) from the starting position to spray into the tunnel. spraying the other half of the shaft face of the wall; When spraying is finished, first stop transporting the concrete material inside the shotcrete machine (2), then stop transporting water inside the mixer (6-7), and finally stop transporting the water into the ash chute (2) from the shotcrete machine (2). 4) stopping transporting high pressure air into the interior.

The above-mentioned method strictly controls the sequential order of supplying and blocking high-pressure air, water, and concrete, and this control can avoid the risk of pipes being blocked during the construction process.

As a more optimized implementation method, when starting spraying, the concrete spraying device 6 is first moved to the midpoint position of the track 6-13, and then according to the speed of the concrete sprayed from the spray nozzle 6-8. Control the relative position of the concrete spraying device 6 on the track 6-13, and if the spraying speed is too fast, adjust the concrete spraying device 6 so that the concrete spraying device 6 moves away from the shaft wall, and adjust the spraying speed If is too slow, moving the concrete spraying device 6 on the track 6-13 so that the concrete spraying device 6 is closer to the shaft wall.

To provide lighting, lights can be installed on the pallet 3, and will not be described further here.

The contents described above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit other forms of the present invention. A person skilled in the art can use the technical details disclosed above to change or modify the embodiments into identically changed embodiments with equivalent effects. However, simple modifications, equivalent changes or transformations of the above embodiments based on the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

A shotcrete system for construction under ultra-deep vertical shafts,
It includes a material mixing machine (1), a shotcrete machine (2), an ash chute (4), a hose (5) and a concrete spraying device (6);
The material mixing machine (1) is used to continuously supply wet concrete material to the shotcrete machine (2);
The shotcrete machine (2) is used to inject the wet concrete material supplied by the material mixing machine (1) into the ash chute (4) with compressed gas;
The wet concrete material in the ash chute (4) is conveyed through the hose (5) to the concrete spraying device (6) at the bottom of the mine shaft;
The concrete spraying device (6) is a shotcrete for construction under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, characterized in that it is used to receive wet concrete material transported through a hose (5), mix it with water, and then spray it on the shaft wall. system. According to paragraph 1,
The concrete spraying device 6 includes a mixer 6-7 and a spray nozzle 6-8 connected to the hose 5; The mixer (6-7) is used to mix wet concrete material and water delivered through hose (5); A shotcrete system for construction under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, characterized in that the spray nozzle (6-8) is used to spray wet concrete material mixed by a mixer (6-7) onto the shaft wall. According to paragraph 1,
The mixer 6-7 includes a material receiving chamber 6-71, a nozzle 6-72, and a mixing chamber 6-73; The material receiving chamber (6-71), the mixing chamber (6-73) and the spray nozzle (6-8) are sequentially connected; the nozzle (6-72) is located inside the material receiving chamber (6-71) installed, the material entry end of the nozzle 6-72 is connected to the hose 5, and the material outlet end faces the mixing chamber 6-73; A shotcrete system for construction under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, characterized in that the material receiving chamber (6-71) is provided with a water inlet (6-75) that transports water into the material receiving chamber (6-71).
According to paragraph 3,
The inner diameter of the material receiving chamber 6-71 is larger than the inner diameter of the mixing chamber 6-73, and a conical chamber 6-76 is formed between the material receiving chamber 6-71 and the mixing chamber 6-73. installed under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, wherein the large mouth section of the conical chamber (6-76) is connected to the material receiving chamber (6-71) and the small mouth end is connected to the mixing chamber (6-73). Shotcrete system for construction in .
According to paragraph 1,
A shotcrete system for construction under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, characterized in that it additionally includes an annular track (10) installed at the bottom of the shaft and used for operation of the concrete spraying device (6). According to any one of paragraphs 2 and 5,
The concrete spraying device 6 includes a mixer 6-7, a spray nozzle 6-8, a support frame 6-4, and a base 6-1 connecting the hose 5, and the support The frame 6-4 is installed on the base 6-1, the mixer 6-7 is installed on the support frame 6-4, and the concrete spray device 6 is installed on the base 6-1. ) A shotcrete system for construction under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, characterized in that wheels (6-2) used to move the shotcrete are installed. According to clause 6,
The base 6-1 includes an injector base 6-11 and a mobile base 6-12, and the wheel 6-2 is installed on the mobile base 6-12. A shotcrete system for construction under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, characterized in that a track (6-13) used to move the sprayer base (6-11) is installed at (6-12). According to paragraph 1,
Includes an operation control console (7) installed on the mine shaft, a first camera (6-3) installed on the concrete spraying device (6), a second camera (8) installed on the pallet (3) in the mine shaft, and a signal relay station (9). It further includes a monitoring control system; The operation control console (7) receives real-time monitoring video signals from the first camera (6-3) and the second camera (8) and a signal relay station (9) by the operator below the tunnel. ) is used to receive work command requests sent via ; A shotcrete system for construction under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, characterized in that the operation control console (7) is used to transmit work commands to workers below the shaft through a signal relay station (9). A method of spraying concrete under an ultra-deep vertical gang,
When starting concrete spraying, first transport high-pressure air into the ash chute (4) through the shotcrete machine (2), and at the same time transport water into the mixer (6-7) through the water inlet (6-74); Finally, introducing wet concrete material into the ash chute (4) through the shotcrete machine (2);
In the process of spraying, the concrete spraying device (6) is first rotated 180° in one direction on the annular track (10) to spray the half shaft surface of the shaft wall, then rotated in reverse to return to the starting position, and then returned to the starting position. Spraying the remaining half of the tunnel surface by rotating it 180° backwards;
When spraying is finished, first stop transporting the concrete material inside the shotcrete machine (2), then stop transporting water inside the mixer (6-7), and finally stop transporting the water into the ash chute (2) from the shotcrete machine (2). 4) A method of spraying concrete under an ultra-deep vertical shaft, comprising the step of stopping transport of high-pressure air into the interior. According to clause 9,
When starting spraying, the concrete spraying device (6) is first moved to the midpoint position of the track (6-13) and then moved to the track (6-13) according to the speed of the concrete sprayed from the spray nozzle (6-8). Control the relative position of the concrete spraying device 6, and if the spraying speed is too fast, adjust the concrete spraying device 6 so that the concrete spraying device 6 moves away from the tunnel wall; If the spraying speed is too slow, moving the concrete spraying device (6) on the track (6-13) so that the concrete spraying device (6) is closer to the shaft wall. How to spray.