WO2023133948A1

WO2023133948A1 - Concrete-spraying system for underground construction of ultra-deep vertical shaft and method for underground concrete spraying in ultra-deep vertical shaft

Info

Publication number: WO2023133948A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/074492
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张馨; 董晓辉; 李艮桥
Original assignee: 中铁十八局集团有限公司
Priority date: 2022-01-17
Filing date: 2022-01-28
Publication date: 2023-07-20
Also published as: KR20240024791A; CN114412472A

Abstract

A concrete-spraying system for underground construction of an ultra-deep vertical shaft. The concrete-spraying system comprises a batching machine (1), a mortar-spraying machine (2), a concrete-sliding tube (4), a hose (5) and a concrete-spraying device (6), wherein the mortar-spraying machine (2) feeds wet concrete into the concrete-sliding tube (4) and the hose (5), and the wet concrete is ultimately sprayed onto an inner wall of a vertical shaft by means of the concrete-spraying device (6). By using the concrete-spraying system and method for underground construction of an ultra-deep vertical shaft, the number of times that a spraying apparatus ascends and descends a shaft can be reduced in the construction of an ultra-deep vertical shaft, and potential safety hazards are reduced; and the construction process conversion time can be shortened, auxiliary work is reduced, and the construction progress is accelerated. During construction, shotcrete is transported in a pipeline, and water spraying of a shaft wall is isolated, such that the underground concrete spraying quality in the ultra-deep shaft can be controlled. By means of a transfer signal station and a camera, a remote and visualized operation can be achieved.

Description

Shotcrete system for underground construction of ultra-deep shaft and method for spraying concrete in ultra-deep shaft

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of shaft construction, in particular to a shotcrete system for underground construction of ultra-deep shafts and a method for spraying concrete in ultra-deep shafts.

Background technique

It is generally believed that a shaft with a depth of less than 300 meters is a shallow shaft, a shaft with a depth of 300 to 600 meters is a medium-depth shaft, a shaft with a depth of 600 to 1,000 meters is a deep shaft, and a shaft with a depth of more than 1,000 meters is an ultra-deep shaft. During the construction of the shaft, it is necessary to carry out shotcrete support on the shaft wall during the continuous excavation process. The existing method is to use a hoist on the ground to transport the spraying equipment to the bottom of the well, and place the spraying machine at the bottom of the well avoiding the upper and lower positions of the bucket. The compressed air pipeline, the spraying head is connected to the water pipe supplied by the ground, the bottom unloading bucket lowers the sprayed concrete mixture to the bottom of the well, two people use a shovel to put the sprayed concrete tidal material into the upper receiving hopper of the spraying machine, and the receiving hopper The tidal concrete material reaches the spraying head mixer through the spraying pipeline under the action of compressed air, and one person controls the water supply device of the spraying head mixer to mix the wet concrete material and high-pressure water flow into a semi-wet sprayed concrete. The grouting head is sprayed onto the shaft wall.

According to statistics, it takes a lot of time to lower the shotcrete machine and level it every time, connect the shotcrete machine to the compressed air, connect the shotcrete pipeline, and connect the mixer to the water pipe. Taking a 1,500-meter deep well as an example, each time it takes At least 60 minutes, every 60m section needs to be lowered 30 times, and it takes 30 hours. Therefore, the prior art has the following disadvantages: (1) The process is changed frequently, takes a lot of time, the cycle time is long, and the construction efficiency is low. (2) The working face is narrow, with many personnel and equipment, and accidents are prone to occur; (3) The number of equipment going up and down the well is frequent, the lifting and transportation are frequent, there are many potential safety hazards, and the cost increases; Or flushing, it is easy to block the pipe when spraying.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a shotcrete system for underground construction of ultra-deep shafts, including a batching machine, a shotcrete machine, ash chute pipes, hoses and concrete spraying devices;

The batching machine is used to continuously provide the concrete tidal material to the spraying machine. The concrete tidal material refers to concrete with a water content of 8%-10%; the spraying machine is used to supply the concrete tidal material supplied by the batching machine with compressed air input into the ashes chute;

The material of the ashes conveying pipe is steel pipe, such as φ159 steel pipe; under the action of gravity and compressed gas, the concrete is quickly transported to the bottom of the well in the ashes conveying pipe and hose, and then delivered to the concrete spraying device. The hose can use a rubber steel wire pipe; the connection between the ash chute and the hose is at the hanging pan.

The role of the mixer is to fully mix the concrete tidal material from the hose (carried by the high-pressure airflow provided by the shotcrete machine) with water, and then spray it to the shaft wall through the nozzle under the action of the high-pressure airflow in the shotcrete pipeline. Make it stick to the rock surface of the well wall to achieve a stable state of no flow and no falling off, so as to realize the filling, plugging and bonding of the cracks on the well wall after blasting. Together with the steel mesh, the reinforced mesh shotcrete support is formed, and the reinforced mesh shotcrete acts as a temporary support for the surrounding rock of the shaft to prevent accidents where the rock layer of the shaft wall falls off and hurts people.

On the basis of the above solution, it also includes a circular track arranged at the bottom of the well, and the circular track is used for the walking of the concrete spraying device. The walking of the concrete spraying device on the circular track can be driven by a servo motor.

This patent also provides a method for spraying concrete in an ultra-deep shaft, including:

When starting to spray concrete, first send high-pressure air to the ash conveying pipe through the spraying machine, and at the same time send water to the mixer through the water inlet, and finally send concrete tidal material into the ash conveying pipe through the spraying machine;

During the spraying process, the concrete spraying device first rotates 180° on the circular track in one direction to complete the spraying of half the well surface of the well wall, then reverses back to the starting position, and then reverses 180° from the starting position to complete Jetting of the other half of the well surface of the well wall;

At the end of the spraying, stop sending concrete material to the spraying machine first, then stop sending water to the mixer, and finally stop the spraying machine to send high-pressure air to the ash chute.

The above-mentioned method strictly controls the sequence of high-pressure air, water and concrete delivery and shutdown, and this control can avoid the risk of pipe blockage during construction.

The sprayed concrete system and method for underground construction of ultra-deep shafts of the present invention can reduce the number of times of injection equipment going up and down the shaft during the construction of ultra-deep shafts, reduce potential safety hazards, shorten the conversion time of construction procedures, reduce auxiliary work, and improve construction progress . During construction, the concrete sprayed material is transported in the pipeline to isolate the water from the well wall, which is beneficial to control the quality of the sprayed concrete protection in the ultra-deep mine. Through the relay signal station and the camera, long-distance and visual operation can be realized. In the process of practical application of the system and method of this patent, the deeper the shaft is, the more the superiority of the system and method of this patent can be reflected.

Description of drawings

Advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of specific embodiments. The drawings are illustrative and are not to be considered limiting of the invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the sprayed concrete system of this patent;

Fig. 2 is the enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the mixer of the concrete injection device in this patent system;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of another kind of mixer of the concrete injection device in this patent system;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of a specific concrete injection device in the patent embodiment 1;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the concrete spraying device and the annular track in Embodiment 5;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of another specific concrete spraying device in Example 1 of the present patent;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the top view angle of the concrete spraying device shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the concrete spraying device and the circular track in Embodiment 7.

Detailed ways

Now enumerate the following examples to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention. It should be noted that the following examples do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, a sprayed concrete system for underground construction of an ultra-deep shaft includes a batching machine 1, a spraying machine 2, an ash evacuation pipe 4, a hose 5 and a concrete spraying device 6;

The batching machine 1 is used to continuously provide concrete tidal material to the spraying machine 2 (concrete tidal material refers to the concrete with a water content of 8%-10%); Concrete tidal material is input in the ash chute pipe 4 with compressed gas;

The material of the ash evacuation pipe 4 is a steel pipe, such as φ159 steel pipe; under the action of gravity and compressed gas, the concrete is quickly transported to the bottom of the well in the ash evacuation pipe 4 and the flexible pipe 5, and is delivered to the concrete injection device 6. The flexible pipe 5 can use a rubber steel wire pipe;

The concrete spraying device 6 is used to receive the concrete tidal material delivered by the hose 5, mix it with water and spray it onto the well wall.

As a specific specific implementation, as shown in Figure 3, the concrete injection device 6 includes a mixer 6-7 for mixing the concrete tidal material delivered by the hose 5 with water and for mixing the The wet concrete material mixed by the mixer 6-7 is sprayed onto the shower nozzle 6-8 on the well wall, and the water entering the mixer 6-7 is provided by the water inlet 6-74.

The role of the mixer 6-7 is to fully mix the concrete tidal material from the hose 5 (carried by the high-pressure airflow provided by the shotcrete machine 2) with water, and then pass through the spray head 6 under the action of the high-pressure airflow in the shotcrete pipeline. -8 is sprayed onto the shaft wall to make it stick to the rock surface of the shaft wall to achieve a stable state of no flow and no falling off, so as to realize the filling, plugging and bonding of the cracks on the shaft wall after blasting. Together with the steel mesh, the reinforced mesh shotcrete support is formed, and the reinforced mesh shotcrete acts as a temporary support for the surrounding rock of the shaft to prevent accidents where the rock layer of the shaft wall falls off and hurts people.

In order to better realize the mixing of concrete tidal material and water, and achieve better grouting effect at the same time, as a more optimized implementation, as shown in Figure 4, the mixer 6-7 includes a material receiving chamber 6-71, Nozzle 6-72, mixing chamber 6-73 and water inlet 6-74;

The material receiving chamber 6-71, the mixing chamber 6-73 and the nozzle 6-8 are sequentially connected; the nozzle 6-72 is arranged in the material receiving chamber 6-71, and the feed end of the nozzle 6-72 is connected to the hose 5 Connected, the discharge end of the nozzle 6-72 faces the mixing chamber 6-73. The water inlet 6-74 is arranged on the material receiving cavity 6-71, and the water can be supplied in various ways, such as supplying water from the well surface of the shaft through a water pump, or placing a water storage device on the hanging pan to transport the water in advance to the water storage device, and then supply water to the water inlet 6-74 through the water pump or directly use the water pump to extract water from the well wall in the well.

In order to better realize the mixing of concrete material and water, the inner diameter of the material receiving chamber 6-71 is larger than the inner diameter of the mixing chamber 6-73, and a tapered Cavity 6-76, the inner diameter of the inlet end of the tapered cavity 6-76 is the same as the inner diameter of the receiving chamber 6-71; the inner diameter of the outlet end is the same as the inner diameter of the mixing chamber 6-73;

The material receiving chamber 6-71 receives the high-pressure concrete tidal material from the hose 5 and the water from the water inlet 6-75, and the high-pressure gas, water and concrete tidal material pass through the shrinkage chamber 6-73 and mix under the action of the high-pressure gas. The chambers 6-74 are fully mixed to form wet concrete, which is sprayed out through the nozzles 6-8 driven by the high-pressure gas.

Because the high-pressure air from the shotcrete machine 2 is conveyed through a long distance, when it is ejected from the nozzle 6-72, the pressure will become smaller. In order to solve this technical problem, as shown in Figure 4, this patent is in the material receiving chamber 6-72 An air inlet 6-75 is set on the wall of 71, fills in high-pressure air from air inlet 6-75 again. A compressor can be arranged in the well, and the high-pressure air supplied by the compressor can be provided, or an air duct can be set in advance from the outside of the well, and the high-pressure air can be provided by the compressor on the ground. The two ways are not shown in the figure.

When the concrete is sprayed, the operator holds the concrete spraying device 6 to carry out the spraying work; however, this method consumes a lot of physical strength for the staff, and it is also necessary to coordinate and communicate with the personnel on the well during the work process, which is difficult for one person Complete all the work, in order to solve this problem, as shown in Figure 5, the concrete spraying device 6 of Figure 3 and Figure 4 can also include a base 6-1 and a support frame 6-4, and the support frame 6-4 is set On the base 6-1, the mixer 6-7 is arranged on the support frame 6-4, and the base 6-1 is provided with wheels 6-2 for the concrete spraying device 6 to travel. The movement of concrete injection device 6 just can be driven by wheel 6-2 like this, saves manpower greatly.

Although the wheel 6-2 can save a lot of manpower, for the specific spraying work, because the walking of the wheel 6-2 is irregular, the concrete sprayed on the shaft wall is difficult to achieve uniformity. For this problem, as shown in FIG. 6 , the shotcrete system of this patent also includes a circular track 10 arranged around the bottom of the well, and the circular track 10 is used for the walking of the concrete spraying device 6 . The annular track 10 can be a complete circle, or can be set as a part of the circle according to actual injection needs.

The concrete spraying device 6 can move in the well along the circular track 10, so that the vertical well can spray concrete in all directions along the circular well wall. The walking of the concrete spraying device 6 on the annular track 10 can be driven by a servo motor.

The injection speed can be controlled by controlling the air volume and pressure of the compressed air on the ground, that is, if the air volume is lowered and the pressure is released, the injection speed will decrease, and vice versa.

Because the distance from the bottom of the well to the ground is long, there will be a great delay in fully using the air volume and pressure of the shotcrete machine 2 arranged on the ground to control the injection speed. In order to solve this problem, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 Shown, the base 6-1 of the concrete spraying device 6 of this patent includes a spraying device base 6-11 and a mobile base 6-12, and the support frame 6-4 is arranged on the spraying device base 6-11; the wheels 6- 2 is arranged on the mobile base 6-12, and the mobile base 6-12 is provided with a track 6-13 for the sliding of the injection device base 6-11; the mobile base 6-12 is used for walking on the circular track 10. When the injection speed is too high, it is only necessary to adjust the relative position between the injection device base 6-11 and the mobile base 6-12 to keep the injection device base 6-11 away from the well wall. 13 to move the injection device base 6-11, so that the nozzle 6-8 is close to the well wall.

As a specific solution, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 7, the support frame 6-4 is a lift cylinder, which can be used to adjust the spray height; a U-shaped frame 6 is set between the mixer 6-7 and the lift cylinder -5 and bracket 6-6; the cylinder barrel 6-41 of the lifting cylinder is fixed on the base 6-1, and the piston rod 6-42 is fixedly connected with the U-shaped frame 6-5; the mixer 6- 7 is fixed on the bracket 6-6; the bracket 6-6 is rotatably connected with the U-shaped frame 6-5; the setting of the U-shaped frame 6-5 can make the nozzle 6-8 realize the rotation of 90° up and down A rotating shaft may also be added between the piston rod 6-42 and the U-shaped frame 6-5 for realizing the rotation of the spray head 6-8 in the horizontal direction (the rotating shaft is not shown in the figure).

During the construction of an ultra-deep shaft, the communication between the downhole and the uphole is very important. For example, the operator on the well must fully understand the downhole situation and obtain the signal from the downhole operator before starting the shotcrete machine. For this reason, this paper The patented shotcrete system for underground construction of ultra-deep shafts also includes a monitoring and control system. The monitoring and control system includes an operation console 7 set on the well, a first camera 6-3 set on the concrete spraying device 6, and a camera 6-3 set in the well. The second camera 8 and signal relay station 9 on the suspension pan 3;

The control console 7 is used to receive the real-time monitoring video signal of the first camera 6-3, the second camera 8) and the request instruction sent by the downhole operator through the signal relay station 9; the control console 7 is also used to pass the signal The relay station 9 sends operation instructions to downhole operators.

In order to ensure a smooth communication channel between the personnel in the well and the underground, on the basis of the above-mentioned scheme, an explosion-proof telephone (not shown in the figure) for connecting the well and the underground is also included.

Example 2

Based on the shotcrete system for underground construction of ultra-deep shafts provided in Example 1, this embodiment provides a method for spraying concrete in ultra-deep shafts, including:

When starting to spray concrete, first send high-pressure air to the ash conveying pipe 4 through the spraying machine 2, and at the same time send water to the mixer 6-7 through the water inlet 6-74, and finally send water to the ash conveying pipe 4 through the spraying machine 2 Into concrete damp material;

During the spraying process, the concrete spraying device 6 first rotates 180° on the circular track 10 in one direction (such as clockwise) to complete the spraying of half the well surface of the well wall, and then reverses (counterclockwise) to return to the initial spraying position, and then reverse (counterclockwise) 180° from the initial injection position to complete the injection of the other half of the well surface; in this way, the 360° concrete injection of the entire well wall can be completed;

When spraying finishes, first stop conveying concrete material in the shotcrete machine 2, then stop water delivery in the mixer 6-7, and finally stop the shotcrete machine 2 to send the high-pressure air in the ash slipping pipe 4.

As a more optimal implementation method, when starting to spray, if the concrete spraying device 6 is moved to the midpoint position of the track 6-13, the concrete spraying device 6 is controlled to be in the position according to the speed of the concrete ejected from the spray nozzle 6-8. The relative position on track 6-13, if the spraying speed is too fast, adjust the concrete spraying device 6 to keep the concrete spraying device 6 away from the well wall; when the spraying speed is too slow, move the concrete spraying device 6 on the track 6-13 so that The concrete injection device 6 is close to the well wall.

In order to provide illumination, it is sufficient to arrange an illuminating lamp on the suspension pan 3 , which will not be repeated here.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to other forms. Any skilled person who is familiar with this profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify the equivalent of equivalent changes. Example. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

A shotcrete system for underground construction of an ultra-deep shaft, characterized in that it comprises a batching machine (1), a shotcrete machine (2), ash chute (4), a hose (5) and a concrete spraying device (6 );

The batching machine (1) is used to continuously provide concrete tidal material to the spraying machine (2);

The spraying machine (2) is used for inputting the concrete tidal material supplied by the batching machine (1) into the ashes evacuation pipe (4) with compressed gas;

The concrete tidal material in the ash chute (4) is transported to the concrete injection device (6) at the bottom of the well through the hose (5);

The concrete spraying device (6) is used for receiving the concrete tidal material delivered by the hose (5), mixing it with water and spraying it onto the well wall.
The shotcrete system for underground construction of ultra-deep shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that,

The concrete spraying device (6) comprises a mixer (6-7) and a sprinkler (6-8) connected to the hose (5); the mixer (6-7) is used to transport the hose (5) to The wet concrete material is mixed with water; the nozzle (6-8) is used to spray the wet concrete material mixed by the mixer (6-7) onto the well wall.
The shotcrete system for underground construction of ultra-deep shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that, the mixer (6-7) includes a receiving chamber (6-71), a nozzle (6-72) and a mixing cavity (6-73); the receiving cavity (6-71), the mixing cavity (6-73) and the nozzle (6-8) are sequentially connected;

The nozzle (6-72) is arranged in the material receiving chamber (6-71), the feed end of the nozzle (6-72) is connected to the hose (5), and the discharge end faces the mixing chamber (6-73);

The material receiving cavity (6-71) is provided with a water inlet (6-75) for delivering water into the material receiving cavity (6-71).
The shotcrete system for underground construction of ultra-deep shafts according to claim 3, characterized in that, the inner diameter of the material receiving chamber (6-71) is greater than the inner diameter of the mixing chamber (6-73), and the inner diameter of the material receiving chamber (6-73) is A conical cavity (6-76) is set between (6-71) and the mixing cavity (6-73), the large mouth section of the conical cavity (6-76) is connected with the receiving cavity (6-71), and the small Connect with mixing chamber (6-73).
The shotcrete system for underground construction of an ultra-deep shaft according to claim 1, further comprising an annular track (10) arranged at the bottom of the well, and the annular track (10) is used for the concrete injection device (6 ) walking.
The sprayed concrete system for underground construction of ultra-deep shaft according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that, the concrete spraying device (6) comprises a mixer (6-7) connected to a hose (5), a spray head (6-8), support frame (6-4) and base (6-1), described support frame (6-4) is arranged on the base (6-1), and described mixer (6-7) is set On the support frame (6-4), the base (6-1) is provided with wheels (6-2) for the concrete spraying device (6) to travel.
The shotcrete system for underground construction of an ultra-deep shaft according to claim 6, wherein the base (6-1) comprises a spraying device base (6-11) and a mobile base (6-12), the The wheels (6-2) are arranged on the mobile base (6-12), and the mobile base (6-12) is provided with a track (6-13) for the movement of the injection device base (6-11).
The shotcrete system for the construction of ultra-deep vertical shafts according to claim 1, is characterized in that it also includes a monitoring and control system, and the monitoring and control system includes an operation console (7) arranged on the well, and a concrete injection device ( 6) the first camera (6-3) on the top, the second camera (8) and signal relay station (9) arranged on the hanging pan (3) in the well;

The control console (7) is used to receive the real-time monitoring video signal of the first camera (6-3), the second camera (8) and the request instruction sent by the underground operator through the signal relay station (9); the control The operating console (7) is used to send operating instructions to underground operators through the signal relay station (9).
A method for spraying concrete in an ultra-deep shaft, characterized in that it comprises:

When starting to spray concrete, first send high-pressure air to the ash chute pipe (4) through the spraying machine (2), and at the same time send water to the mixer (6-7) through the water inlet (6-74), and finally pass the spraying machine (2) Send concrete tidal material in the ashes slipping pipe (4);

During the spraying process, the concrete spraying device (6) turns 180° on the annular track (10) in one direction to complete the spraying of the half well surface of the well wall, then reverses back to the starting position, and then starts from the starting position. The position is reversed by 180° to complete the injection of the other half of the well surface;

When the spraying is finished, firstly stop conveying the concrete material to the spraying machine (2), then stop sending water to the mixer (6-7), and finally stop the spraying machine (2) to send high pressure to the ash conveying pipe (4) wind.
The method for spraying concrete in an ultra-deep shaft downhole according to claim 9, wherein when spraying is started, if the concrete spraying device (6) is first moved to the midpoint position of the track (6-13), according to the nozzle (6-13) 8) The speed of the sprayed concrete is used to control the relative position of the concrete spraying device (6) on the track (6-13). If the spraying speed is too fast, adjust the concrete spraying device (6) so that the concrete spraying device (6) is far away from the Well wall; when the injection speed is too slow, move the concrete injection device (6) on the track (6-13) so that the concrete injection device (6) is close to the well wall.