KR20220034582A - Method for continuously treating vacuum residuals originating from the refinery of crude oil - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for continuous treatment of vacuum residues generated in refining crude oil according to the present invention is a method for continuously treating vacuum residues generated in refining crude oil, wherein the crude oil is subjected to first and second distillation steps, the second distillation step is performed under vacuum conditions, the vacuum residues are obtained after the second distillation step, the vacuum residues are continuously fed to a stirring bath, and the vacuum residues in the stirring tank can be treated with a vacuum of 5 mbar or more and 10 mbar or less and a temperature of 300 deg. C or more and 350 deg. C or less to remove volatile materials that cannot be removed by the distillation step.

Description

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY TREATING VACUUM RESIDUALS ORIGINATING FROM THE REFINERY OF CRUDE OIL

The present invention relates to a process for the continuous treatment of vacuum residues from the refining of crude oil.

Crude oil contains many substances of high value, including many economically important products. Crude oil is, for example, a raw material for fuel gas, liquefied petroleum gas, aviation gasoline, automobile gasoline, light solvent, jet fuel, kerosene, heavy solvent, distillate fuel oil and diesel fuel oil. The above-mentioned products are obtained by a number of different process steps during the purification process. In the distillation step of the refining process, the material remaining after the high-value material is extracted is collectively referred to as a residue.

In the refining process according to the state-of-the-art, crude oil is desalted to prevent corrosion of subsequently used machinery and introduced into a first distillation column, also referred to as a fractionation column. This first distillation stage is usually carried out in a column up to 50 meters high under atmospheric pressure. Substances of great value, such as so-called "naphtha", gases such as kerosene, are extracted from the residue and separated. The first column usually has one inlet port but several outlet ports of different heights. A temperature profile is established with the column, with the bottom having the highest temperature and the top having the lowest temperature. Crude oil components that are not converted to the gas phase inside the first column form residues, often referred to as atmospheric residues.

At the outlet port near the top of the column, the lowest molecular weight and lowest viscosity material is obtained. The lower the outlet port of the column, the higher the molecular weight of the obtained material and the higher the viscosity. Thus, a gradient with respect to molecular weight and viscosity of the obtained material is observed.

Also, a gradient for tray efficiency is observed, which corresponds to the quality of the separation in the column. The higher the outlet port, the higher the tray efficiency.

These atmospheric residues are subjected to a second distillation step in a second column that operates similarly to the first column but is carried out under vacuum to extract and separate the high-value substances not extracted by distillation under atmospheric conditions. The pressure in the second column is often about 20 mbar. The substances of great value obtained from the second distillation stage are called light vacuum distillates and heavy distillates. The residue remaining in this second distillation stage is called the vacuum residue. According to the prior art, the vacuum residue is introduced, for example, into a coker and cracks at high temperatures of 500° C., i.e. chemically decomposes into low molecular weight substances. Substances of high value that are not extracted by the first distillation step or the second distillation step remain in the residual fraction and cracks occur and cannot be used for manufacturing fuel or the like.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently extracting residual useful substances from vacuum residues of crude oil.

In order to achieve the above technical problem, the continuous processing method of vacuum residues generated in crude oil refining according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method of continuously processing vacuum residues generated in the refining of crude oil, wherein the crude oil is first and a second distillation step is applied, wherein the second distillation step is carried out under vacuum conditions, the vacuum residue is obtained after the second distillation step, and the vacuum residue is continuously fed to a stirring bath, in the stirring bath The vacuum residue can be treated with a vacuum of 5 mbar or more and 10 mbar or less and a temperature of 300 °C or more and 350 °C or less to remove volatiles that cannot be removed by the distillation step.

In addition, the method characterized in that the stirring tank is a twin-shaft kneader, wherein the vacuum residue is continuously fed to the twin-shaft mixer kneader through at least one feed point of the twin-shaft mixer kneader, the twin-shaft mixer The shaft of the kneader is equipped with kneading elements, the kneading elements of both shafts are arranged in a cooperative manner, the housing comprises at least one steam connection, the vacuum residue is twin-shaft with the twin-shaft mixer kneader It can be delivered to the dispensing device of the mixer kneader.

In addition, the mixer kneader may be equipped with a discharge screw.

In addition, in order to reduce the partial pressure of other gas components present in the stirring tank, a liquid formulation that can be transferred to a gas phase may be added.

The continuous treatment method of vacuum residues generated in crude oil refining according to the present invention has the effect of efficiently extracting residual useful substances from the vacuum residues of crude oil.

1 is a schematic diagram showing in detail the treatment of vacuum residues according to the invention;
2 and 3 are schematic diagrams showing an operating mechanism of a single-shaft mixer kneader according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments described below are illustratively shown to aid understanding of the invention, and the present invention may be implemented with various modifications different from the embodiments described herein. However, in the description of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related well-known function or component may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description and specific illustration thereof will be omitted.

1 is a schematic diagram showing in detail the treatment of vacuum residues according to the invention;

As shown in FIG. 1 , the vacuum residue is not discharged directly or introduced into the coker, but is instead treated in a single-shaft mixer kneader 1 where an additional distillation step is performed.

The engine 2 of the single-shaft mixer kneader 1 is shown as well as the shaft 4 , the double-shaft ejection screw 3 and the housing 5 .

Also shown is a steam connection 8 , a feed point 9 . A kneading element 6 mounted on a shaft 4 and a kneading-reverse element 7 mounted on a housing 5 are shown.

2 and 3 are schematic diagrams showing an operating mechanism of a single-shaft mixer kneader according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the single-shaft mixer kneader 1 of FIG. 1 , and the engine 2 is omitted for simplicity. Also shown is a cross section of the single-shaft mixer kneader 1 .

3 shows the single-shaft kneader 1 of FIG. 1 filled with vacuum residue that does not completely fill the interior of the housing 5 .

According to an embodiment of the invention, the vacuum residue from the vacuum distillation step is introduced via a feed point 9 into a single-shaft mixer kneader 1 , a kneading element 6 and a kneading counter-element 7 ) is conveyed together with the single-shaft mixer kneader (1) during mixing by the cooperation of , and volatile compounds including valuable substances are removed through the vapor connection (8). Thereafter, the residue is discharged by means of a discharge screw (3). Heat and vacuum are applied during this process.

As described above, the present invention has been described in detail based on a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, and the technical spirit of the present invention and the Of course, various modifications and variations are possible within the equivalent scope of the claims to be described later.

1: single-shaft mixer kneader 2: engine
3: double-shaft release screw 4: shaft
5: housing 6: kneading element
7: kneading-reverse element 8: steam connection
9: supply point

Claims (4)

A method for continuously treating a vacuum residue generated in the refining of crude oil, wherein the crude oil is subjected to first and second distillation steps, the second distillation step is performed under vacuum conditions, and wherein the vacuum residue is subjected to a second Obtained after the distillation step, the vacuum residue is continuously supplied to the stirring bath, and the vacuum residue in the stirring bath is vacuum and not less than 5 mbar and not more than 10 mbar in order to remove volatile substances that cannot be removed by the distillation step; A method for continuous treatment of vacuum residues generated in crude oil refining, characterized in that it is treated at a temperature of 300 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower.
The method of claim 1,
A method, characterized in that the stirring vessel is a twin-shaft kneader, wherein the vacuum residue is continuously fed to the twin-shaft mixer kneader through at least one feed point of the twin-shaft mixer kneader, The shaft is equipped with kneading elements, the kneading elements of both shafts being arranged in a cooperative manner, the housing comprising at least one steam connection, the vacuum residue being combined with the twin-shaft mixer kneader in the twin-shaft mixer kneader A method for continuous treatment of vacuum residues from crude oil refining, characterized in that it is delivered to a discharge device of
3. The method of claim 2,
The mixer kneader is a continuous method of processing vacuum residues generated in crude oil refining, characterized in that the discharge screw is mounted.
4. The method of claim 3,
A method for continuous treatment of vacuum residues generated in crude oil refining, characterized in that a liquid formulation that can be transferred to a gas phase is added to reduce the partial pressure of other gas components present in the stirring tank.

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