KR20220033156A - Feed composition - Google Patents

Abstract

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, disclosed is a feed composition for ruminants. The feed composition may comprise: 12 to 15 parts by weight of grains; 35 to 45 parts by weight of gourds; 8 to 13 parts by weight of seeds; 5 to 7 parts by weight of brans; and 2 to 3 parts by weight of pellets. According to the present invention, the immunity of young ruminants can be enhanced.

Description

Feed composition {FEED COMPOSITION}

The present disclosure relates to feed compositions, and more particularly, to feed compositions for young ruminants raised as livestock.

For ruminants with a rumen, the feeding period is very important in terms of nutrition and care. In particular, newborn calves are sensitive to stress and defenseless against infection. The calf's immunity is obtained by consuming colostrum within 36 hours of birth, and when the mother's milk is naturally depleted, the calf will consume grain feed. For weaning of calves, the weaning period in which feed such as forage is gradually increased and distributed to calves was usually after 120 days of age. Recently, research results have been published showing that starting weaning early after 90 days of age has several effects, such as weight gain, reproductive efficiency, and carcase quality. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide a baby feed containing adequately high protein, carbohydrate and fat from the weaning period to create a rumen environment that can rapidly digest a lot of fiber in cereals.

Existing feed for suckling ruminants is supplied in powder form by grinding raw materials with high palatability and nutritional value. Powdered feed cannot physically stimulate the rumen wall, which may slow the growth of rumen wall villi. Therefore, the digestive function of ruminants is lowered, which can cause metabolic diseases such as obesity and diarrhea, and the quality of meat is reduced. In other words, if a general compound feed (grains) is ground finely for easy digestion by rumen microbes, the growth of rumen wall cilia can be slowed, but body growth is accelerated and an environment that leads to early obesity can cause various digestive problems and irregularities. It can lead to poor fat deposition.

Therefore, there is still a need for research and development on a feed composition for young ruminants that can promote the growth of villi in the rumen to improve digestion, prevent diarrhea by increasing nutrient absorption of ruminants, and increase immunity.

Korean Registered Patent No. 10-2082427

The present disclosure relates to a feed composition for young ruminants raised as livestock to improve the problems of the prior art.

A feed composition for ruminants is disclosed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure for realizing the above-described problems. The feed composition comprises 12 to 15 parts by weight of cereals; 35 to 45 parts by weight of gourd; 8 to 13 parts by weight of seeds; 5 to 7 parts by weight of piscine; and 2 to 3 parts by weight of pellets.

Alternatively, the cereal may include at least one of corn or barley.

Alternatively, the gourd may include 3 to 5 parts by weight of soybean meal; 27 to 30 parts by weight of alcoholic beverages; and 5 to 7 parts by weight of cotton thread foil.

Alternatively, the seeds include 5 to 8 parts by weight of cottonseed; and 3 to 5 parts by weight of lupine.

Alternatively, the brine includes at least one of rice bran, wheat bran and wheat bran, the pellets are composed of at least one roughage source, and include at least one of organic matter and minerals, and the roughage source is alfalfa may include

Alternatively, 17.5 to 20 parts by weight of the additional ingredients may be further included, and the additional ingredients may include at least one of a digestive agent and a supplement.

Alternatively, the extinguishing agent consists of 0.5 to 1 part by weight, and the extinguishing agent may include at least one of yeast and lactic acid bacteria.

Alternatively, the supplement consists of 17 to 19 parts by weight, and the supplement comprises at least one of a vitamin and a mineral,

Alternatively, the feed composition may contain 20% by weight or more and 21% by weight or less of crude protein.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a compound feed for ruminants is disclosed. The compound feed includes a single feed and an auxiliary feed, and the single feed includes 12 to 15 parts by weight of cereals; 35 to 45 parts by weight of gourd; 8 to 13 parts by weight of seeds; 5 to 7 parts by weight of piscine; and 2 to 3 parts by weight of pellets.

The feed composition according to embodiments of the present disclosure may reduce the number of diarrhea by increasing immunity of young ruminants compared to a general feed composition, and may increase body weight by promoting rumen development.

1 is a graph showing the average weight of calves in a first group and a second group according to the number of months.

Various embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings. In this specification, various descriptions are presented to provide an understanding of the present disclosure. However, it is apparent that these embodiments may be practiced without these specific descriptions.

In addition, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unless otherwise specified or clear from context, "X employs A or B" is intended to mean one of the natural implicit substitutions. That is, X employs A; X employs B; or when X employs both A and B, "X employs A or B" may apply to either of these cases. It should also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and includes all possible combinations of one or more of the listed related items.

Also, the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" should be understood to mean that the feature and/or element in question is present. However, it should be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements and/or groups thereof. Also, unless otherwise specified or unless it is clear from context to refer to a singular form, the singular in the specification and claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more”.

Since the present disclosure can apply various transformations and can have various embodiments, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. However, this is not intended to limit the present disclosure to specific embodiments, and it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. In describing the present disclosure, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may obscure the gist of the present disclosure, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Ruminants refer to animals with a ruminant stomach, that is, four stomachs, that can decompose plant fibers through ruminant action and microbes to regurgitate and chew food once swallowed, and are also called ruminants. For example, the ruminant may be an animal such as camelidae, genus deer family, giraffidae, bovine family, among mammal subspecies, giraffe, deer, cattle, sheep, camel, water buffalo, goat, reindeer, and the like.

Young ruminants of the present disclosure may refer to suckling ruminants, and specifically may mean from 7 days of age to 9 months of age after birth. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the present disclosure, the feed is, for example, nutrient for livestock such as cattle or other animals or fish including ruminants, or is necessary for maintaining or growing the health thereof. .

In addition, the feed composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be prepared as a compound feed or as a single feed that is one of the sub-components of the compound feed according to another embodiment.

The compounded feed of the present disclosure may refer to a feed prepared by mixing or processing a simple feed and an auxiliary feed in an appropriate ratio.

Auxiliary feed of the present disclosure may refer to substances added to feed to prevent deterioration of feed quality or to increase feed utility.

The single feed of the present disclosure may refer to a feed that is directly used as a feed as a vegetable, animal or mineral material or used as a raw material of a compound feed.

The roughage of the present disclosure is a feed included in forages, and has relatively high crude fiber and low TDN and protein content, that is, straw including rice straw, farmhouse by-products, and hay made from straw remaining after seed production. , grasses and plant by-products, etc. Specifically, roughage may mean hay, grass and plant by-products containing 15% or more of fiber.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for helping understanding of the present disclosure will be described in detail.

The feed composition for ruminants according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes 12 to 15 parts by weight of cereals, 35 to 45 parts by weight of gourds, 8 to 13 parts by weight of seeds, 5 to 7 parts by weight of robins and 2 to 15 parts by weight of the feed composition. It is preferable to contain 3 parts by weight of pellets.

Grains included in the feed composition of the present disclosure may include at least one of corn or barley.

The gourd included in the feed composition of the present disclosure may include at least one of soybean meal, alcohol meal, and cottonseed meal. When the feed composition of the present disclosure includes soybean meal, distillery meal, and cottonseed meal as the gourd, the soybean meal contains 3 to 5 parts by weight, the distillate meal contains 27 to 30 parts by weight, and the cottonseed meal contains 5 to 7 parts by weight with respect to the feed composition. It is preferable to include

The seeds included in the feed composition of the present disclosure may include at least one of cottonseed and lupine. When cottonseed and lupine are included as seeds in the feed composition of the present disclosure, it is preferable to include 5 to 8 parts by weight of cottonseed and 3 to 5 parts by weight of lupine with respect to the feed composition.

The brine contained in the feed composition of the present disclosure may include at least one of rice bran, wheat bran, and wheat bran.

The pellets included in the feed composition of the present disclosure may include at least one of organic matter and minerals as pellets composed of at least one forage source including alfalfa and the like.

The feed composition of the present disclosure may further include 17.5 to 20 parts by weight of additional ingredients. Specifically, the additional constituents of the present disclosure may include at least one of a digestive agent and a supplement. The digestive agent of the present disclosure may include at least one of yeast and lactic acid bacteria as a material having a component that helps digestion of ruminants. In addition, the supplement of the present disclosure may include at least one of vitamins and minerals as a material for supplementing essential nutritional components of ruminants. When a digestive agent and a supplement are included as additional components of the feed composition of the present disclosure, 0.5 to 1 part by weight of the digestive agent is included with respect to the feed composition, and 17 to 19 parts by weight of the supplement may be included.

The feed composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may contain 20 wt% or more and 21 wt% or less of crude protein. Specifically, as a nutritional component of the feed composition, it may include moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, TDN, crude fat, crude flour, neutral fiber and acidic fiber. With respect to the feed composition of the present disclosure, moisture is 11 to 12.5 parts by weight, crude protein is 20 to 21 parts by weight, crude fiber is 9 to 10 parts by weight, TDN is 81 to 83.1 parts by weight, crude fat is 8 to 8.8 parts by weight, crude fat is 6.5 to 7.3 parts by weight, 29 to 31.5 parts by weight of neutral fiber, and 17 to 18 parts by weight of acidic fiber may be included. Here, TDN means the total amount of digestible nutrients.

As a compound feed for ruminants according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the compound feed includes a single feed and an auxiliary feed, and the single feed includes 12 to 15 parts by weight of cereals, 35 to 45 parts by weight of scallops, 8 to 13 parts by weight parts seeds, 5 to 7 parts by weight of hulls, and 2 to 3 parts by weight of pellets.

In addition, the single feed according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may further include 17.5 to 20 parts by weight of additional components. Specifically, the additional constituents of the present disclosure may include at least one of a digestive agent and a supplement. The digestive agent of the present disclosure may include at least one of yeast and lactic acid bacteria as a material having a component that helps digestion of ruminants. In addition, the supplement of the present disclosure may include at least one of vitamins and minerals as a material for supplementing essential nutritional components of ruminants. When a digestive agent and a supplement are included as additional components of the single feed of the present disclosure, the single feed includes 0.5 to 1 part by weight of the digestive agent, and may also include 17 to 19 parts by weight of the supplement.

Hereinafter, one preferred embodiment of preparing a feed composition is provided to help the understanding of the present disclosure. However, the following examples are only provided for easier understanding of the present disclosure, and the contents of the present disclosure are not limited by the following examples.

Example. Preparation of sweet rice feed

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the feed composition may include cereals, gourds, seeds, bran skins, pellets, and additional constituents. In addition, as described above, the cereals of the present disclosure may include corn, and the gourds may include soybean meal, distillery meal, and cottonseed meal. In addition, the seeds of the present disclosure may include cottonseeds and lupines, and the branaceae may include rice bran, wheat bran and wheat bran. In addition, the pellets composed of alfalfa of the present disclosure include organic matter and minerals, and may include digestive agents and supplements as additional components.

In addition, the feed may include a single feed, and a single feed of the feed composition according to an embodiment may be prepared.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, a single feed for young calves under 9 months of age was prepared as an example. Specifically, 15% by weight of grains, 42% by weight of gourds, 13% by weight of seeds, 7% by weight of shellfish, 3% by weight of pellets, and 20% by weight of additional components are blended with respect to the total weight of the feed. To prepare the feed of the example.

More specifically, the feed of Examples contains 15% by weight of corn as a grain, 5% by weight of soybean meal as a meal, 30% by weight of distillate meal, and 7% by weight of cottonseed meal as a grain, based on the total weight of the feed, 8% by weight of cottonseed and 5% by weight of lupine, 7% by weight of rice bran, wheat bran and wheat bran as bran shells, 3% by weight of organic matter and minerals as pellets composed of alfalfa, and It was prepared to contain 1% by weight of yeast and lactic acid bacteria as digestive agents, and 19% by weight of vitamins and minerals as supplements of additional components.

As shown in Table 1 below, the components and weight % contained in the feed of Examples are shown.

edifice ingredient Blending ratio (wt%) cereals corn 15 gourd Soybean Meal 42 berth cottonseed meal seeds cotton yarn 13 lupine brine Rice bran, wheat bran and wheat blood 7 pellets organic matter and minerals 3 additional components digestive medicine 20 supplements

The ingredients and blending ratios of ingredients shown in Table 1 represent weight percent with respect to the total weight of the feed.

The feed of the embodiment according to Table 1 above may further include cellulose (cellulase, cellulase) for helping digestion and decomposition of cellulose. Specifically, the feed and roughage of the embodiment may be supplied to calves, and the feed of the embodiment may further include a cellulose component for rapid digestion of cellulose contained in at least one of the example or forage.

A commercially available calf feed (Nonghyup feed, Korea) was used as a comparative example used in the experiments to prove the effect of the feed according to the example of the present disclosure, and the nutritional component of the example and the nutritional component of the comparative example were compared One Table 2 is as follows

nutrient comparative example Example moisture 11.1 12.5 crude protein 17.5 21 crude fiber 19.6 10 Total amount of digestible nutrients (TDN) 69.5 83.1 george 2.0 8.8 views 9.6 7.3 neutral fiber 30.0 31.5 acid fiber 16.4 18

Numerical values corresponding to the nutritional components in Table 2 above mean parts by weight. For example, it is shown in Table 2 that the water content of the feed of Comparative Example includes 11.1 parts by weight and the water content of the feed of Example contains 12.5 parts by weight.

As shown in Table 2, if the ratio of crude fiber in the feed is 15% or more, growth is slow, and if it is 10% or less, growth is fast, but fat deposition after growth may not be achieved because blood vessels, which are passageways for nutrients, are clogged or narrowed. . Even if fat deposition occurs, only inedible fat can be produced.

In addition, as shown in Table 2, when the crude protein of the feed is highly composed of 20% or more, it can be divided into a rumen degradable (dissolvable) protein and a non-degradable protein (bypass protein). Here, if the composition ratio of the non-degradable protein is lower than the composition ratio of the degradable protein, the ammonia production is high and causes frequent diseases, which may decrease the immunity of the calf and cause frequent diarrhea. Therefore, lowering the degradable protein and using the non-degradable protein higher than the degradable protein may have a desirable effect on the prevention of diarrheal disease and the growth of calves.

Hereinafter, experiments for comparing the effects of the feed of the above-described Example and the feed of the comparative example will be described.

The experiments described below were conducted for 9 months, which is a total experimental period, by dividing young calves from 1 week to 1 month old into two groups of 10 animals each. Specifically, the feed and roughage according to Comparative Example were supplied to a first group of 10 calves, and the feed and roughage of Example were supplied to a second group of 10 other calves. In addition, the roughage fed to the calves of the first group and the second group was the same, and the feed and the roughage were fed 3 times a day for 9 months. In addition, the following experiments were performed to measure the average number of diarrhea, average body weight, and average dry matter intake per month for each of the first and second groups under the same environment in the same barn.

Experimental Example 1. Evaluation of the number of diarrhea per calf group

In this Experimental Example 1, for each of the first group fed the Example feed and the second group fed the comparative example feed for 9 months, the number of times of dietary diarrhea in calves was measured in units of one month, and the average value was calculated as follows shown in Table 3.

number of months 1st group 2nd group One 10 8 2 2 One 3 One - 4 One - 5 One - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - -

Numerical values corresponding to the first group and the second group shown in Table 3 are the average number of diarrhea, and represent the average value of the number of diarrhea times of calves included in each group.

Specifically, the development of rumen villi to absorb nutrients is greatly affected by the type and amount of feed fed. General feed is fed in the form of Pellet, Scramble and Powder by grinding high-nutrient grains. However, this type of general feed generates a lot of ammonia by the rumen digestion process, causing diarrhea, and can lead to protein loss because nutrients cannot be absorbed.

As shown in Table 3, it can be seen that in the case of the first group fed with the general feed, diarrhea occurred for up to 5 months for a longer period than the second group. On the other hand, it can be seen that the second group did not have diarrhea after 3 months, the average number of diarrhea was less for 9 months compared to the first group, and diarrhea did not occur from 3 months through rapid rumen environment improvement. can see.

As shown in Table 2 above, the feed according to the example contains high protein compared to the comparative example, which is a general feed, and contains a large amount of inorganic substances, lactic acid bacteria and yeast to rapidly form the improvement of the rumen environment during suckling, resulting in crude fiber It can help in the development of intake and digestion.

Even if a calf is born healthy, it will experience dietary diarrhea and viruses while adapting to changes in the environment. It is possible to reduce the mortality rate of calves only by quickly getting rid of diseases such as minimal diarrhea or pneumonia. Therefore, as demonstrated in Table 3, the feed composition of the present disclosure can lower the number of diarrhea compared to general feed, and can grow calves into healthy breeding cattle. That is, by using the feed composition to quickly create a rumen environment and satisfy the nutrient requirements of calves, it is possible to lower the mortality rate of calves and grow them into healthy breeding cattle.

Experimental Example 2. Evaluation of average weight per calf group

According to Experimental Example 2, the weights of calves included in each of the first and second groups were measured every month, and the average calculated values are shown in Table 4 below.

number of months 1st group
Average weight (kg) 2nd group
Average weight (kg) Difference in average weight between groups (kg) One 50 53 3 2 70 83 13 3 100 125 25 4 110 159 49 5 135 188 53 6 160 221 61 7 180 246 66 8 200 271 71 9 220 315 95

In Table 4, numerical values according to the number of months of each of the first group and the second group represent the average body weight (kg). The average weight difference between groups in Table 4 represents a value obtained by subtracting the average weight of the first group from the average weight of the second group.

According to Table 4, it can be seen that the difference in average weight between groups increases from 1 month to 9 months. That is, as the calves grow, the calves of the second group grow faster than the calves of the first group, so it can be seen that the average weight difference gradually increases.

The graph of FIG. 1 is shown to clearly indicate the increase in the average weight of Table 4 above, and specifically, FIG. 1 is a graph showing the average weight of the first group and the second group of calves according to the number of months.

In FIG. 1 , the average weight graph of the first group is indicated by a dotted line, the average weight graph of the second group is indicated by a solid line, and a graph with a higher slope as the average weight increase increases is illustrated. Accordingly, in FIG. 1 , the graph of the average weight of the second group has a sharp slope compared to the graph of the average weight of the first group.

As such, the feed composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can increase the weight gain and growth rate of calves compared to general feed, so that time-efficient breeding is possible.

Experimental Example 3. Evaluation of average dry matter intake per calf group

According to Experimental Example 3, the dry matter intake according to the feed and roughage intakes supplied to the calves included in each of the first and second groups were measured every month, and the average calculated value is shown in Table 5 below. Specifically, the general feed and forage according to the comparative example were supplied to the first group, and the feed and forage according to the example were supplied to the second group. Accordingly, the total dry matter intake by the calves of the first and second groups was measured every month, and the average was calculated and shown in Table 5 below.

number of months 1st group
Average dry matter intake (kg) 2nd group
Average dry matter intake (kg) One 0.2 0.2 2 0.8 0.9 3 1.4 1.8 4 1.98 2.98 5 2.7 5.42 6 4.7 8.14 7 5.56 8.12 8 6.06 8.1 9 6.56 7.64

In Table 5, the numerical values according to the number of months of each of the first group and the second group represent the average dry matter intake (kg).

According to Table 5 above, it can be seen that the average dry matter intake of the second group was significantly higher than that of the first group. In particular, the average dry matter intake of the second group at 5 months was 5.42 kg, which is similar to the average dry matter intake of the first group at 7 months of 5.56 kg. In addition, like the calves of the first group, the average dry matter intake of calves generally increases little by little as they grow, but the calves of the second group that ingested the feed according to the embodiment of the present disclosure have an average dry matter intake faster than that of general calves. can be seen increasing.

That is, as shown in Table 5, it can be seen that the rumen of the calves of the second group is developed faster than that of the calves of the first group, so that the average dry matter intake increases more rapidly.

Accordingly, it is possible to accelerate the average dry matter intake of calves who have consumed the feed according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, and accordingly, a remarkable effect of rapidly improving the rumen development of calves is generated.

As evidenced by the aforementioned Experimental Examples 1 to 3, the feed composition for young ruminants according to an embodiment of the present disclosure increases the weight of ruminants up to 9 months of age, improves growth rate, improves rumen development, and improves dry matter intake , may have effects such as improvement of appetite, improvement of immunity and prevention of diarrheal disease.

In addition, the feed composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure contains highly nutritious grain raw materials, agricultural by-products, vitamins, inorganic substances, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, etc. so that the calf does not use antibiotics separately so that the calves have their own immunity. Accordingly, by inducing the development of the calf's rumen and managing it with the feed composition of the present disclosure from early weaning so that the immune function can be increased by itself, it is possible to create a healthy constitution with excellent ability to adapt to diarrhea or external environment.

Ruminant development in ruminants can be accelerated by physical stimulation of solids against the stomach wall and chemical stimulation of volatile fatty acids. The feed composition of the present disclosure can create an environment in which a large amount of crude fiber is consumed in order to physically stimulate the rumen wall to increase nutrient intake. In addition, a cow that consumes a large amount of the feed of the present disclosure can produce a lot of volatile fatty acids by microorganisms and chemically promote the development of the rumen.

Therefore, when the feed of the present disclosure is consumed, the digestion progress rate of the rumen is gradually increased compared to the livestock fed with the general feed, the intake increases, and a large amount of volatile fatty acids can be generated to grow into a healthy adult. In particular, when young ruminants and Korean cattle calves are supplied with the feed composition of the present disclosure, it is possible to increase the quality of carcasses to increase marketability, and to increase the quality of Korean cattle with a wide sirloin cross-section, thereby improving the profits of farmers.

Claims (10)

A feed composition for a ruminant animal, the feed composition comprising:
12 to 15 parts by weight of cereals;
35 to 45 parts by weight of gourd;
8 to 13 parts by weight of seeds;
5 to 7 parts by weight of piscine; and
2 to 3 parts by weight of pellets;
containing,
feed composition.
The method of claim 1,
The grain comprises at least one of corn or barley,
feed composition.
The method of claim 1,
The pulse is
3 to 5 parts by weight of soybean meal;
27 to 30 parts by weight of alcoholic beverages; and
5 to 7 parts by weight of cottonseed meal;
containing,
feed composition.
The method of claim 1,
The seeds are
5 to 8 parts by weight of cottonseed; and
3 to 5 parts by weight of lupine;
containing,
feed composition.
The method of claim 1,
The brine includes at least one of rice bran, wheat bran, and wheat bran,
The pellets are composed of at least one roughage source, and include at least one of organic matter and minerals, and
The forage source includes alfalfa,
feed composition.
The method of claim 1,
17.5 to 20 parts by weight of additional ingredients;
further comprising, and
wherein the additional composition comprises at least one of a digestive agent and a supplement;
feed composition.
7. The method of claim 6,
The extinguishing agent consists of 0.5 to 1 part by weight, and
The digestive agent comprises at least one of yeast and lactic acid bacteria,
feed composition.
7. The method of claim 6,
The supplement consists of 17 to 19 parts by weight, and
The supplement comprises at least one of vitamins and minerals,
feed composition.
The method of claim 1,
In the feed composition,
20 parts by weight or more and 21 parts by weight or less of crude protein is included,
feed composition.
A compound feed for a ruminant, wherein the compound feed comprises a single feed and an auxiliary feed, and
The danmi feed is,
12 to 15 parts by weight of cereals;
35 to 45 parts by weight of gourd;
8 to 13 parts by weight of seeds;
5 to 7 parts by weight of piscine; and
2 to 3 parts by weight of pellets;
containing,
Formulated feed for ruminants.

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