KR20210150115A - Vibration measuring devices for ships structure using smart sensors, methods of measuring using them, and ships applying them - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for using a smart sensor in a ship in operation to measure vibration of a ship structure in real-time, a method thereof, and a ship thereof. To this end, the device comprises: smart sensors installed in a plurality of locations of a ship structure; an access point (AP) unit capable of performing data communication with the smart sensors; and a server device connected to the AP unit. The smart sensor includes: (i-1) a sensor unit measuring one of vibration and noise of a ship structure in which the sensor unit is installed; (i-2) a time data file generation unit generating a time domain data file on the basis of a measurement signal of the sensor unit; and (i-3) a sensor communication unit transmitting the time domain data file to the AP unit and receiving a control command from the AP unit. The server device includes: (ii-1) a storage unit storing the time domain data file received from the AP unit; (ii-2) a vibration analysis and measurement unit analyzing and measuring the vibration of the ship structure on the basis of the time domain data file; and (ii-3) a satellite communication unit transmitting the time domain data file and an analysis result of the ship structure measurement unit to a satellite.

Description

Vibration measuring devices for ships structure using smart sensors, methods of measuring using them, and ships applying them}

The present invention relates to vibration and noise measurement and monitoring, and more particularly, to a system for attaching a smart sensor to a main structure of a ship in operation and analyzing and measuring the vibration of a ship structure in real time.

Recently, cases of applying smart ship technology to ships operating in the ocean (eg, container ships, oil tankers, LNG carriers, etc.) are increasing. Smart ship is a technology that collects important data of a ship by installing navigation data collection equipment and satellite communication transmission module on a ship, and makes the collected data into a database and asset. In addition, the collected ship navigation data is transmitted to the land control center through satellite, and thus is utilized for operator decision making.

From this point of view, data collected for a vessel in operation are various, such as power, communication, vibration, noise, flow rate, speed, location, weather, and the like. Among them, the biggest influence on the safety and operation schedule of a ship is the deformation and vibration of the ship's engine, generator, boiler, pump, and other mechanical parts and the entire ship structure.

Machine parts such as engines, generators, and boilers of ships operate 24 hours a day without stopping during the operation period (eg 20 to 40 days). Therefore, continuous monitoring and maintenance of the operating state during operation is required. During such monitoring, vibration and noise generated from marine engines, generators, boilers, and pumps become industry standard parameters for judging normal operation and maintenance prediction (Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines, ISO.FDIS 17359:2002). See (E)).

In addition, ship structures (head of the ship, oil storage tanks, bulkheads, cabins, cabins, etc.) constantly repeat elastic deformation and vibration according to the weight of cargo, waves, wind, and operating speed during operation. In particular, unlike fixedly installed machinery, since a ship floats on water, deformation and vibration may occur in all directions (tension, compression and bending, and torsional moment for each of the three axes). Rather than being independent, they may act in combination with each other to cause resonance. In addition, there is a risk that fatigue failure may occur due to long-term operation even if the deformation and vibration are within the allowable values.

To this end, various vibration sensors or acoustic sensors that can be attached to machinery or ship structures are provided. However, one-time monitoring was possible because wiring had to be connected for each vibration sensor or acoustic sensor, but regular monitoring was difficult. In particular, considering that it is a narrow space made of steel and an internal space of a ship made with waterproofing in mind, it is almost impossible to additionally wire the sensor to a ship that is already in operation.

In addition, when monitoring vibration and noise for 24 hours, a large amount of data is generated. Unlike general sensors such as temperature or pressure sensors, the signals of vibration and noise sensors must acquire a large amount of data before frequency analysis is possible. Because. In order to increase the frequency analysis resolution in the frequency analysis process, a large number of time data is required. In this case, the computational complexity of the FFT for frequency analysis is expressed as the following equation.

FFT computational complexity = N log ₂ N

According to this formula, the computational complexity increases by about 21.26 times when N is 32,000 compared to the case where the number of processed data (N)) is 2,048. There is a time delay until the analysis results are displayed. In addition, a large-scale computer resource is required to transmit, process, and store them.

In addition, the signal measured by the conventional vibration sensor or noise sensor was transmitted in the form of RAW data. However, even if a part of the RAW data is missing or deformed due to damage in the process of wirelessly transmitting the RAW data, the receiver could not confirm it. For this reason, it was necessary to use erroneous data to determine whether there is an abnormality in vibration and noise.

Therefore, there is a need for R&D on an optimal monitoring method or system configuration for effective vibration and noise monitoring that can be realized in a ship. Moreover, in the recent smart ship technology field, there is a need for the land control headquarters to share the vibration noise generated by ships in operation in near real time.

1. Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1409986 (Vibration Monitoring Fault Diagnosis Device), 2. Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-0444568 (Computer-readable recording medium containing an integrated monitoring operating system business method using the Internet and a program that can implement it).

Accordingly, the present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and the object to be solved is the vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor that can constantly analyze and monitor the vibration and noise of a ship in operation. To provide a measuring device, a measuring method using the same, and a ship to which the same is applied.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for measuring vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor capable of analyzing the vibration mode of the entire ship by measuring the vibration and noise of the ship structure in operation, a measuring method using the same, and a ship to which the same is applied will do

Another object of the present invention is to omit the wiring related to the smart sensor in the ship and minimize the wiring related to communication, and to save data in the form of a file, not in the RAW data form, so that data damage or deformation during communication does not occur. It is to provide an apparatus for measuring vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor that is configured to transmit and can be installed even on a new ship or a ship in operation, a measurement method using the same, and a ship to which the same is applied.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for measuring vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor that can effectively analyze and monitor without acting as a large load on communication facilities in the ship, a measuring method using the same, and a ship to which the same is applied .

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for measuring vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor that can share vibration noise generated by a ship in operation with a land control center in near real time, a measurement method using the same, and a ship to which the same is applied will be.

However, the technical problems to be achieved in the present invention are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems that are not mentioned are clearly to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs from the description below. can be understood

In order to achieve the above technical task, a smart sensor installed in a plurality of locations of the ship structure; AP unit capable of data communication with smart sensors; and a server device connected to the AP unit; including, a smart sensor, (i-1) a sensor unit for measuring either vibration or noise of the installed gift structure; (i-2) a time data file generating unit for generating a time domain data file based on the measurement signal of the sensor unit; and (i-3) a sensor communication unit that transmits the time domain data file to the AP unit and receives a control command from the AP unit, wherein the server device includes, (ii-1) the time domain data file received from the AP unit. a storage unit for storing the (ii-2) a vibration analysis and measurement unit that analyzes and measures the vibration of the ship structure based on the time domain data file; and (ii-3) a satellite communication unit for transmitting the time domain data file and the analysis result of the ship structure measurement unit to the satellite;

In addition, the time data file generation unit may generate a time domain data file by receiving a signal from the sensor unit in a range of 30 seconds to 3 minutes.

In addition, the time data file generator periodically generates a time domain data file or generates a time domain data file according to a synchronization command output from the server device.

In addition, the server device, (ii-4) a control unit for determining whether an abnormality by comparing the time-domain data file based on the vibration standard and the noise standard stored in advance; And (ii-5) may further include an alarm unit for expressing the determination result of the control unit to the outside.

In addition, the server device further includes (ii-6) an FFT unit that converts the time domain data file into frequency domain data, and the vibration analysis and measurement unit measures the vibration of the ship structure based on the time domain data file and the frequency domain data. interpret and measure

In addition, it is connected to a plurality of smart sensors installed in the ship structure by wire, and may further include a measurement unit capable of wireless communication with the AP unit.

In addition, the AP unit is capable of wireless communication with a plurality of measurement units.

In addition, the smart sensor is a plurality of smart sensors installed along the longitudinal direction of the ship.

In addition, the smart sensor, a pair of leading smart sensors installed in the lead along the longitudinal direction of the ship structure; A pair of stern smart sensors installed at the rear of the leading smart sensor along the longitudinal direction; and a pair of smart sensors in the ship installed between the front smart sensor and the stern smart sensor.

In addition, the smart sensor is a plurality of smart sensors installed along the height direction of the ship.

In addition, the smart sensor, the port smart sensor installed on the port along the width direction of the ship; and a starboard smart sensor installed on the starboard along the width direction.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, as a first embodiment of another category, in the method for measuring the vibration of a ship structure using the above-described vibration measuring device, a plurality of smart sensors distributedly disposed in the ship structure are installed at each installation location. Measuring vibration or noise (S100); generating a time domain data file based on the signal measured by the time data file generation unit of the smart sensor (S110); Transmitting the time domain data file to the AP unit by the sensor communication unit of the smart sensor (S130); transmitting the time domain data file to the server device by the AP (S140); and the server device analyzing and measuring the vibration of the ship structure based on the time domain data file (S160).

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, as a second embodiment of another category, in the method for measuring the vibration of a ship structure using the above-described vibration measuring device, a plurality of smart sensors distributedly disposed in the ship structure are installed at each installation location. Measuring vibration or noise (S200); generating a time domain data file based on the signal measured by the time data file generation unit of the smart sensor (S210); Transmitting the time data file generation unit to the time domain data file to the measurement unit (S220); transmitting, by the measuring unit, a plurality of time domain data files to the AP unit (S230); transmitting the time domain data file to the server device by the AP (S240); The server device analyzes and measures the vibration of the ship structure based on the time domain data file (S260); a method for measuring vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor is provided, comprising: a.

Optionally, the analyzing and measuring steps (S160, S260) further include the step (S150, S250) of the FFT unit converting the time-domain data file into the frequency-domain data, and the server device includes the time-domain data file and the frequency-domain data Based on this, vibrations of ship structures can be analyzed and measured.

Optionally, in the analysis and measurement steps (S160, S260), the vibration analysis and measurement unit of the server device measures at least one of the amplitude, frequency, deformation, and damping of the ship structure.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, there is provided a ship characterized in that it has the above-described vibration measuring device.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to monitor the vibration and noise of the vessel unattended for 24 hours, so that the monitoring manpower can be minimized. In addition, since it is possible to quickly and intuitively grasp various vibration modes for the entire structure of the ship, it can be helpful in determining safe operating conditions.

In addition, by omitting the wiring related to the smart sensor in the vessel and minimizing the wiring related to the communication, it is possible to install it on a new vessel or a vessel in operation.

And, by minimizing the data file related to vibration and noise and optimizing the monitoring period, it does not act as a large load on the communication network in the ship. Accordingly, there is an economical efficiency that does not require a large-capacity server device, storage device, or high-speed processing device. In addition, there is an effect that data reliability can be improved and reliable signal transmission can be ensured by transmitting information in a file format instead of a data format so that data damage or deformation during communication does not occur.

In addition, since vibration noise generated from ships operating in the ocean can be shared with the land control center in almost real time, there is an advantage in that it is possible to obtain accurate advice from external personnel when a breakdown or abnormal situation occurs.

However, the effects obtainable in the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs from the following description. will be able

The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and serve to further understand the technical spirit of the present invention together with the detailed description of the present invention to be described later. It should not be construed as being limited only to
1 is an overall schematic view of a ship using a smart sensor according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a system according to a first embodiment in the vessel 5 shown in Fig. 1;
3A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a communication connection between the engine 30, the AP unit 1200, and the ship structure and the server device 1300 according to the first embodiment;
Figure 3b is a perspective view showing the attachment position of the smart sensor in the ship (5) according to the present invention,
4A is a side view showing an example in which the vessel 5 shown in FIG. 3B bends and vibrates in the longitudinal direction;
Figure 4b is a perspective view showing that the smart sensor is additionally attached to a place where stress is concentrated through the structural analysis of the ship 5 shown in Figure 3b;
4c is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example in which the ship 5 shown in FIG. 3b vibrates in the width direction;
4D is a perspective view showing an example in which the vessel 5 shown in FIG. 3B torsally vibrates along the longitudinal direction;
5 is a perspective view of the smart sensor 10 according to the first embodiment;
6 is an internal block diagram of the smart sensor 10 according to the first embodiment;
7 is a timing diagram showing the operation of the smart sensor 10 shown in FIG.
8 is a block diagram of a time domain data file according to an embodiment of the present invention;
9 is a partial cross-sectional view when the mass member 84 is located at the bottom of the power generation unit 80 according to the present invention;
10 is a partial cross-sectional view when the mass member 84 of the power generation unit 80 according to the present invention is located at the upper end;
11 is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring vibration and noise of a ship according to the first embodiment;
Fig. 12 is a block diagram of a system according to a second embodiment in the vessel 5 shown in Fig. 1;
13 is an explanatory diagram showing a communication connection between the engine 30 and the smart sensor 10 of the ship structure, the measurement unit 1400, the AP unit 1200, and the server device 1300 according to the second embodiment;
14 is an internal block diagram of the smart sensor 10 according to the second embodiment;
15 is an internal block diagram of the measuring unit 1400 according to the second embodiment;
16 is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring vibration and noise of a ship according to a second embodiment;
17 is an internal block diagram of the smart sensor 10 according to the third embodiment.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those of ordinary skill in the art can easily carry out the present invention. However, since the description of the present invention is merely an embodiment for structural or functional description, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the embodiment described in the text. That is, since the embodiment may have various changes and may have various forms, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention includes equivalents capable of realizing the technical idea. In addition, since the object or effect presented in the present invention does not mean that a specific embodiment should include all of them or only such effects, it should not be understood that the scope of the present invention is limited thereby.

The meaning of the terms described in the present invention should be understood as follows.

Terms such as “first” and “second” are for distinguishing one component from another, and the scope of rights should not be limited by these terms. For example, a first component may be termed a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be termed a first component. When a component is referred to as being “connected to” another component, it may be directly connected to the other component, but it should be understood that other components may exist in between. On the other hand, when it is mentioned that a certain element is "directly connected" to another element, it should be understood that the other element does not exist in the middle. Meanwhile, other expressions describing the relationship between elements, that is, "between" and "between" or "neighboring to" and "directly adjacent to", etc., should be interpreted similarly.

The singular expression is to be understood to include the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and terms such as "comprise" or "have" are not intended to refer to the specified feature, number, step, action, component, part or any of them. It is intended to indicate that a combination exists, and it should be understood that it does not preclude the possibility of the existence or addition of one or more other features or numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

All terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. Terms defined in general used in the dictionary should be interpreted as having the same meaning in the context of the related art, and cannot be interpreted as having an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present invention.

Construction of the first embodiment

Hereinafter, the configuration of the preferred embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is an overall schematic view of a system for measuring vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the ship 5 or a plurality of other ships 5a may be a container ship, an oil tanker, an LNG carrier, a cargo ship, a cruise ship, etc. that operate the ocean. These ships 5 or a plurality of other ships 5a can communicate individually with the land control server 3 through the satellite 2, and can transmit data in both directions.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system according to a first embodiment in the vessel 5 shown in FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 2 , a server device 1300 , a plurality of smart sensors 11a , 11b , ... 15a , 15b , and a plurality of AP units 1200 are installed in the ship 5 .

The server device 1300 may be configured as a server computer, a workstation, or the like.

The satellite communication unit 1320 transmits the time domain data file and the frequency domain data file stored in the storage unit 1330 to the satellite 2 1 to 5 times a day. Or, when a special or dangerous situation occurs, the file is transmitted according to the user's command. Also, the satellite communication unit 1320 may receive a control command (eg, remote control) or data from the land control server 3 .

The storage unit 1330 stores the time domain data file received from the AP unit 1200 and the frequency domain data file converted by the FFT unit 1360 . The storage unit 1330 may be a hard disk drive, an SSD, a flash memory, a CD-ROM writer, or the like.

The vibration analysis and measurement unit 1350 generates a frequency domain data file using the frequency domain data converted by the FFT unit 1360 . In addition, the vibration analysis and measurement unit 1350 periodically calculates data such as average amplitude, maximum amplitude, amplitude, frequency, vibration bandwidth, deformation amount, strain rate, and damping of the ship structure from the time domain data file and the frequency domain data file. interpret

In addition, the vibration analysis and measurement unit 1350 uses a time domain data file and a frequency domain data file to perform various add-on analysis algorithms (eg, vibration slow motion video of a structure, stress distribution and stress concentration (finite element method), modal testing). (Modal Test) simulation, natural frequency calculation, etc.) are executed.

The display 1340 may be a monitor, a speaker, or the like that displays the processing process or processing result of the controller 1310 .

An FFT unit (Fast Fourier Transformation, 1360) generates data for each frequency band using a time domain data file.

The database unit 1370 (eg, SCADA DB) includes a database table for maintenance of the entire system and a database table for storing transmitted measurement data. In the database table, the sensor management DB (not shown) defines fields such as the serial number, location, date of manufacture, date of purchase, firmware updater version and update date of the smart sensor 10 . Error and abnormality DB (not shown) sequentially stores the history of errors, defects, and abnormalities related to vibration and noise of the machine. To this end, the error and abnormality DB has fields such as the order of occurrence, the date of occurrence, the type of error, and follow-up actions.

The alarm unit 1380 is a member that notifies when vibration, noise, or temperature deviating from a reference value is detected. The alarm unit 1380 may be a speaker, a warning light, a buzzer, or a warning display on the display 1340 .

An input terminal of the gateway 1390 is connected to the plurality of AP units 1200 , and an output terminal is connected to the controller 1310 of the server device 1300 .

The controller 1310 performs an operation, control, instruction, operation, determination, etc. of the server device 1300 , and may be a CPU or the like.

Each AP unit (Access Point, 1200) is capable of wireless communication with a plurality of (eg, 2 to 6) smart sensors (11a, 11b, ... 15a, 15b), and these AP units 1200 are the ships (5) Each is attached to the inner wall or ceiling. To this end, the AP unit 1200 includes at least one of a Bluetooth communication module, a Wi-Fi communication module, an infrared communication module, a LAN communication module, and a USB communication module.

3A is an explanatory diagram illustrating communication connections between the engine 30 , the ship structure, the AP unit 1200 , and the server device 1300 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3A , the engine 30 is the main engine of the ship and has a height of 9 to 10 m, and generates vibration, noise and high temperature during operation. The generator 32 is for generating electricity, and operates by the auxiliary engine 33 (eg, a diesel engine).

The AP unit 1200 may be installed by being attached to the ceiling or wall of each deck in the engine room. Since the engine room is opened from the upper deck (37a) to the lower deck (37e), it is better to install the AP unit (1200) in a minimum number rather than installing the AP unit (1200) for each deck. Each AP unit 1200 is connected to the gateway 1390 through wiring.

As shown in FIG. 3A , the engine smart sensor 10b is installed at various locations on the engine 30 . For example, the engine smart sensor 10b may be installed in several places on the upper side of the engine 30, several places in the middle position and several places in the lower position, and the bearing housing of the rotating shaft. In addition, the AP unit 1200 may be installed one per 3 to 5 engine smart sensors 10b.

And, a plurality of generator smart sensors 10a may be installed in the generator 32 and the auxiliary engine 33, and one AP unit 1200 in charge of this may be installed.

In the bow portion of the structure of the ship (5), the tip smart sensors 11a and 11b may be installed at the top of the front part and the bottom of the front part, respectively. Among the structures of the ship (5), the front smart sensors (12a, 12b) are installed on the rear left and right sides of the tip smart sensors (11a, 11b). The AP unit 1200 installed in the middle region of the bow is capable of data communication with the leading smart sensors 11a and 11b and the leading smart sensors 12a and 12b, respectively. Although only the front part of the ship 5 is illustrated and described in FIG. 3A , the same configuration is applied to the middle region and the stern of the ship 5 in the same manner.

For example, Figure 3b is a perspective view showing the attachment position of the smart sensor in the ship (5) according to the present invention. The smart sensor attached to the ship 5 uses different reference numbers and names depending on the attachment location, but the smart sensor 10 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be equally applied. As shown in Figure 3b, in order to analyze and measure the vibration of the structure of the ship (5) along the longitudinal direction of the ship tip smart sensors (11a, 11b), the lead smart sensor (12a, 12b), the ship smart sensor (13a) , 13b, 13c, 13d), engine room smart sensors (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d), and stern smart sensors (15a, 15b) are attached. Each smart sensor may be installed to be symmetrical (port and starboard smart sensors), and a plurality of smart sensors may be installed according to the height. Specifically, the smart sensor is the main structure (eg, column, bulkhead, outer wall, H-beam) of the ship (5), major facilities (oil tank, LNG tank, engine room, engine, boiler, cabin, cargo compartment, ballast tank, bow thrust) Room, mast, etc.) can be fixedly installed.

4A is a side view illustrating an example in which the vessel 5 shown in FIG. 3B bends and vibrates in the longitudinal direction. As shown in FIG. 4A , the vessel 5 may generate bending vibrations due to the external force of waves or wind during operation. For safe operation of the ship (5) and cargo, the bending amplitude and bending frequency should be within the allowable range.

Figure 4b is a perspective view showing the additional attachment of a smart sensor to a place where stress is concentrated through the structural analysis of the ship 5 shown in Figure 3b. As shown in FIG. 4B , it is possible to confirm in advance where stress is concentrated through the simulation of the structural analysis in the design stage of the ship 5 . Where these stresses are concentrated, more monitoring and measurement are needed. In FIG. 4b, a bright area indicates a place where stress is concentrated, and stress concentration smart sensors 16a and 16b are additionally installed there to measure vibration, noise, and the like.

4C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating an example in which the ship 5 shown in FIG. 3B vibrates in the width direction. As shown in Fig. 4C, the vessel 5 causes shear deformation and shear vibration in the width direction (lateral direction). In the middle area of the ship (5), install the smart sensors (13c, 13d) in the lower left and right, and install the smart sensors (13a, 13b) in the upper left and right. By comparing the output signals of these smart sensors 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d with each other or with other smart sensors, the amplitude and frequency of vibration in the width direction can be analyzed and measured.

4D is a perspective view illustrating an example in which the vessel 5 shown in FIG. 3B is torsionally vibrated along the longitudinal direction. As shown in FIG. 4D , when an external force (eg, waves or wind) deflected from the head of the ship 5 is applied, torsional vibration may occur along the longitudinal direction. For the safe operation of the ship (5) and cargo, the torsional angle and torsional frequency should be within the allowable range.

5 is a perspective view of the smart sensor 10 according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 6 is an internal block diagram of the smart sensor 10 according to the first embodiment. The smart sensor 10 of FIGS. 5 and 6 is the various smart sensors 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b).

5 and 6, a defect notification unit 900 is exposed on the upper surface of the smart sensor 10, a power generation unit 80 is installed in the middle, and an attachment unit 20 for fixing at the bottom. is composed The attachment part 20 may be composed of a permanent magnet, so it can be easily attached to the surface of a machine made of steel, and can be removed by hand. Accordingly, the user may measure vibration and noise while holding the smart sensor 10 here and there on the machine. The attachment part 20 may be attached by an adhesive, and may be coupled to a machine by a bolt or screw. Optionally, the lower surface of the attachment part 20 may form a curved part 25 so that it can be installed in a shape fit to the surface of a cylindrical member (eg, a pipe).

As shown in FIG. 6 , the sensor unit may include a gyroscope, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an acceleration sensor, etc. in addition to the vibration sensor 100 and the acoustic sensor 200 . The vibration sensor 100 may measure vibrations in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, respectively. The acoustic sensor 200 detects ambient noise and may be a microphone. The vibration sensor 100 , the acoustic sensor 200 , the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, and the acceleration sensor may have an output frequency of 0.1 second to 1 second interval (0.1 to 1 Hz).

The signal processing unit 300 includes a filter, an amplifier, an analog-digital converter (ADC), a digital signal processor (DSP), and the like. The signal processing unit 300 converts the electrical signal of the sensor unit into discrete data. Since these components are known components, detailed internal descriptions will be omitted.

The time data file generating unit 400 receives the signal processed by the signal processing unit 300 and generates a time data file. The time data file generating unit 400 generates a time domain data file by receiving a signal from the sensor unit in the range of 30 seconds to 3 minutes. Preferably, it is good to receive for 1 minute. In addition, the time data file generating unit 400 generates a time domain data file periodically (eg, every 5 to 15 minutes) or generates a time domain data file according to a synchronization command periodically output from the server device 1300 . can create Preferably, it is good to create a file every 10 minutes.

Also, the time data file generating unit 400 may have a time resolution of 0.1 to 1 Hz when receiving for 1 minute. This is because such a time range and resolution can minimize the overall communication load by reducing the file size and obtain an optimal amplitude resolution.

As a modified example of the present invention, the temporal data file generating unit 400 may set the temporal resolution smaller or larger according to the type of machinery and structures to which the smart sensor 10 is attached. For example, since the engine 30 has a vibration frequency range of less than 400 Hz, the time resolution is set to 1 Hz, and the generator 32 has a vibration frequency range of less than 1.6 KHz, so the time resolution is set to 0.5 Hz And, since the pump has a vibration frequency range of less than 3.2 KHz, the temporal resolution can be set to 0.1 Hz.

The sensor data storage unit 1000 stores a time domain data file generated every 10 minutes. The sensor data storage unit 1000 may be a flash memory or an SSD. The sensor data storage unit 1000 secures a storage space by sequentially deleting transmitted or old files when the storage capacity is exceeded.

The sensor communication unit 1100 transmits data stored in the sensor data storage unit 1000 to the AP unit 1200 and receives a control command from the AP unit 1200 . The sensor communication unit 1100 may be wireless communication or wired communication of at least one of a Bluetooth communication module, a Wi-Fi communication module, an infrared communication module, a LAN communication module, and a USB communication module.

The sensor power supply unit 50 may be a secondary battery that can be charged by receiving the power generated by the power generation unit 80 . The sensor power supply unit 50 supplies power throughout the sensor control unit 70 and the smart sensor 10 .

The sensor control unit 70 controls the overall control, calculation, determination and operation of the smart sensor 10, and may be implemented with a CPU, MICOM, or the like.

The AP unit 1200 is capable of bidirectional communication with the sensor communication unit 1100 by adopting at least one of a Bluetooth communication module, a Wi-Fi communication module, an infrared communication module, a LAN communication module, and a USB communication module. The AP unit 1200 is connected to the gateway 1390 through wiring. The AP unit 1200 determines whether the received time domain data file is damaged. If the file is damaged or an error occurs during the transmission process, retransmission of the time domain data file is requested, and this process is repeated until it is determined that the file is not damaged.

7 is a timing diagram showing the operation of the smart sensor 10 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7 , the time data file generating unit 400 according to the control of the sensor control unit 70 generates an output signal of the sensor unit (eg, the acoustic sensor 200 and the vibration sensor 100, etc.) at a 10-minute period. Creates a time domain data file based on A time domain data file is generated by processing the output signals of the acoustic sensor 200 and the vibration sensor 100 for the first 1 minute within a period of 10 minutes, and is stored in the sensor data storage unit 1000, and then the AP unit ( 1200) (takes about 1-2 seconds). The time data file generating unit 400 and the AP unit 1200 repeat this process every 10 minutes.

8 is a block diagram of a time domain data file according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8 , the time domain data file is in a text (TEXT) file format, and may be compressed and transmitted in a known compression format (eg, a ZIP file). Such compressed transmission has the effect of reducing transmission time and network load.

The time domain data file includes the location where the smart sensor 10 is installed (eg, on the engine, under the engine, in the boiler, pump 1, head 1, stern 1, engine room 1, etc.), the serial number of the smart sensor 10 (eg : 001, 002, etc.) and measurement time (eg, 20200325_18161212: May 1, 2020 18:16:12:12). And, at least among the X-axis amplitude (eg 0.2315), Y-axis displacement (eg 0.8723), Z-axis displacement (eg 0.0001), and sound signal (eg 76 dB) measured by the smart sensor 10 includes one In addition, error codes (eg, 1 (normal), 0 (low power), 2 (communication failure), 3 (sensor malfunction), etc.), temperature data, humidity data, acceleration data, etc. may be included.

The time domain data file includes sensor unit data for 1 minute based on the measurement time.

9 is a partial cross-sectional view when the mass member 84 of the power generation unit 80 according to the present invention is located at the lower end, and FIG. It is a partial cross-sectional view when positioned. 9 and 10, the power generation unit 80 is a component that converts the vibration of a mechanical device (eg, engine) to which the smart sensor 10 is attached into electrical energy. According to the vibration of the mechanical device, the mass member 84 supported by the spacing spring 86 vibrates up and down. At this time, current is generated by the bobbin 83 and the coil 89 that reciprocate the magnet 85 in the axial direction to generate electricity. Although the reciprocating power generation unit 80 is illustrated and described in FIGS. 9 and 10 , various power generation mechanisms such as a rotary power generation unit 80 by an eccentric member (not shown), and a left and right vibration type power generation unit 80 may be applied.

Operation of the first embodiment

11 is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring vibration of a ship structure according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 11 , first, the sensor controller 70 instructs the time data file generating unit 400 every predetermined period (eg, 10 minutes) or synchronizes it from the server device 1300 through the AP unit 1200 . The command is transmitted to the smart sensor (10). The sensor controller 70 may minimize energy consumption by setting the operation mode for about 1 minute and 30 seconds and the standby mode for 8 minutes and 30 seconds within a period of 10 minutes.

According to this command, the time data file generating unit 400 outputs the sensor unit signal processed from the signal processing unit 300 for 1 minute (eg, the vibration sensor 100, the acoustic sensor 200, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, output of the acceleration sensor) is input (S100). Thereafter, the time data file generating unit 400 generates a text file (time domain data file) in a predetermined format as shown in FIG. 8 ( S110 ). Optionally, the text file may be compressed.

The generated time domain data file is stored in the sensor data storage unit 1000 (S120).

Then, the sensor control unit 70 wirelessly transmits the time domain data file to the AP unit 1200 through the sensor communication unit 1100 (S130). Next, the AP unit 1200 transmits the received plurality of time domain data files to the server device 1300 through the gateway 1390 (S140).

Then, the transmitted time domain data file is once stored in the storage unit 1330, and the vibration analysis and measurement unit 1350 generates a frequency domain data file using the FFT unit 1360 (S150). The generated frequency domain data file is also stored in the storage unit 1330 .

The vibration analysis and measurement unit 1350 generates a frequency domain data file using the frequency domain data converted by the FFT unit 1360 . In addition, the vibration analysis and measurement unit 1350 calculates and analyzes data such as average amplitude, maximum amplitude, amplitude, frequency, vibration bandwidth, deformation amount, strain rate, and damping of the ship structure from the time domain data file and the frequency domain data file. (S160).

In addition, the vibration analysis and measurement unit 1350 uses a time domain data file and a frequency domain data file to perform various add-on analysis algorithms (eg, vibration slow motion video of structures, stress distribution and stress concentration (finite element method), modal tests). (Modal Test) simulation, natural frequency calculation, etc.) are executed. The execution result may be displayed through the display unit 1340 and warned through the alarm unit 1380 .

Then, the control unit 1310 determines whether the threshold value of vibration and noise and the frequency band are out of a threshold range based on the time domain data file and the frequency domain data file. If out of the critical range, the control unit 1310 operates the alarm unit 1380 and stores related information and history in the database unit 1370 . In addition, the control unit 1310 transmits the time domain data file and the frequency domain data file to the satellite 2 through the satellite communication unit 1320 so that the land control server 3 can share it almost simultaneously.

Under normal operating conditions, the satellite communication unit 1320 transmits a time domain data file and a frequency domain data file about 1 to 5 times a day.

Vibration, noise, temperature, humidity, and acceleration generated in each structure and machinery of a ship in operation can be easily integrated and managed and recorded through the server device 1300 through this process. In addition, even if it is a ship sailing far away in the ocean, the land control server 3 can share data on vibration, noise, temperature, humidity, and acceleration in the ship almost simultaneously, so collaboration between the land control headquarters, the ship wheelhouse, and the engine room is possible. .

second embodiment

12 is a block diagram of a system according to a second embodiment in the ship 5 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 13 is a smart sensor 10a, .., 15b, and a measurement unit 1400 according to the second embodiment. ), an explanatory diagram showing a communication connection with the AP unit 1200 and the server device 1300 . Among the configurations of the second embodiment, a description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted. 12 and 13 , the AP unit (Access Point, 1200) is capable of wireless communication with a plurality (eg, 2 to 6) of the measurement units 1400 .

One measurement unit 1400 may be installed in the engine 30 to handle the engine 30 , and installed to the auxiliary engine 33 to handle the auxiliary engine 33 and the generator 32 . In addition, the measuring unit 1400 may be installed in each of the head area, the middle area, the engine room area, and the stern area of the ship. One AP unit 1200 may be installed per 3-5 measurement units 1400 .

14 is an internal block diagram of the smart sensor 10 according to the second embodiment. 14, the smart sensor 10 of the second embodiment includes a sensor unit (a sound sensor 200, a vibration sensor 100, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an acceleration sensor, etc.), a signal processing unit 300, It consists of a time data file generation unit 400 , a power generation unit 80 , a sensor power supply unit 50 , and a sensor control unit 70 .

The time data file generating unit 400 of the second embodiment is connected to the measuring unit 1400 through wired or wireless.

The measuring unit 1400 is connected to the time data file generating unit 400 by wireless or wiring, and functions to receive a time domain data file and wirelessly transmit it to the AP unit 1200 . In particular, the measurement unit 1400 may sequentially transmit time domain data files input from 3 to 5 smart sensors 10 .

The time data file generating unit 400 generates a time domain data file by processing the output signals of the acoustic sensor 200 and the vibration sensor 100 for the first 1 minute within a period of 10 minutes, and is then sent to the measuring unit 1400 transmission (takes about 1 to 2 seconds), and then transmits the time domain data file from the measurement unit 1400 to the AP unit 1200 (takes about 1 to 2 seconds). The time data file generating unit 400 , the measuring unit 1400 , and the AP unit 1200 repeat this process every 10 minutes.

15 is an internal block diagram of the measurement unit 1400 according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 15 , a communication unit 1420 , a wireless communication unit 1430 , and an auxiliary power supply unit 1440 are configured inside the measurement unit 1400 .

The communication unit 1420 may communicate with the smart sensor 10 through wired or wireless communication. In the smart sensor 10 , the power generation unit 80 and/or the sensor power supply unit 50 may be omitted due to the auxiliary power supply unit 1440 . In addition, the smart sensor 10 and the measuring unit 1400 may be connected to each other by a sub-wiring 1410 . The sub-wiring 1410 includes a power line for supplying power to the smart sensor 10 and a communication line for receiving a data signal from the smart sensor 10 .

The wireless communication unit 1430 is a component for performing wireless communication with the AP unit 1200 . That is, the wireless communication unit 1430 transmits the time domain data files received from the plurality of smart sensors 10 to the AP unit 1200 . In the embodiment of the present invention, the wireless communication unit 1430 uses a Wi-Fi module.

The auxiliary power unit 1440 may be a replaceable large-capacity rechargeable battery, and supplies power required for the smart sensor 10 . Other communication and control matters are the same as in the first embodiment.

16 is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring vibration of a ship structure according to a second embodiment. Steps S200, S210, S240, S250, and S260 of the second embodiment are the same as steps S100, S110, S140, S150, and S160 of the first embodiment, respectively.

After step S210 , the time data file generating unit 400 transmits the generated time domain data file to the measuring unit 1400 ( S220 ).

Then, the measurement unit 1400 wirelessly transmits the plurality of time domain data files received from the plurality of smart sensors 10 sequentially to the AP unit 1200 (S230).

Thereafter, the execution process of the AP unit 1200 and the server device 1300 is the same as in the first embodiment.

third embodiment

17 is an internal block diagram of the smart sensor 10 according to the third embodiment. The configuration and operation of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 17 are substantially similar to those of the first and second embodiments, and below, the differences between the third embodiment will be mainly described. As shown in FIG. 17 , the comparator 600 compares the sensor data of the time domain data file with the threshold values of vibration, amplitude, frequency, noise, temperature, humidity, and acceleration read from the reference setting unit 800 . Compare each. For example, the comparator 600 uses the crest factor from the time domain data file as a criterion for determining the presence or absence of an abnormality. Crest Factor is defined as the ratio of the peak value to the RMS value (Peak/RMS). Crest Factor is to detect and monitor impulse signal components or signals caused by short events. is an element Since there is a set standard for the normal signal and the crest factor of the vibration signal that is generated when there is an abnormality in the machine, you can find out whether the bearing is abnormal by calculating the crest factor of the measured vibration signal. In addition, the comparator 600 determines that the amplitude of the vibration exceeds the maximum allowable amplitude as vibration abnormality, and determines that the acoustic signal value exceeds the noise standard as noise abnormality. In addition, even if the thresholds of vibration, noise, temperature, humidity, and acceleration are not exceeded, if it is determined as a sign or harbinger of a defect or failure, it is determined as a "defect".

The defect notification unit 900 expresses the comparison result to the outside based on the comparison result (normal or defective) of the comparison unit 600 . The expression method can be a lamp, LED, LCD lamp, warning lamp, speaker, buzzer, etc., and text transmission through the sensor communication unit 1100 is also possible. When the defect notification unit 900 is an LED, "green" light is emitted when vibration and noise are normal, "red" light is emitted when there is a defect, and "yellow" is emitted when there is a warning.

The sensor data storage unit 1000 and the sensor communication unit 1100 have the same configuration and operation as those of the first embodiment of FIG. 6 . However, the sensor communication unit 1100 may optionally communicate with the AP unit 1200 or the measurement unit 1400 . Other matters related to communication and control are the same as in the above-described embodiment.

The detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed as described above is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and practice the present invention. Although the above has been described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, those skilled in the art can use each configuration described in the above-described embodiments in a way in combination with each other. Accordingly, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the present invention. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as restrictive in all respects but as exemplary. The scope of the present invention should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. The present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. In addition, claims that are not explicitly cited in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment, or may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

2: satellite, 3: land control server,
5: vessel, 5a: other vessel;
5b: torsional deformed vessel, 5c: bending deformed vessel,
10: smart sensor, 10a: generator smart sensor,
10b: engine smart sensor, 11a, 11b: tip smart sensor,
12a, 12b: Leading smart sensor,
13a, 13b, 13c, 13d: smart sensor in the ship,
14a, 14b, 14c, 14d: engine room smart sensor,
15a, 15b: stern smart sensor,
16a, 16b: stress concentration smart sensor,
20: attachment part, 25: curved part,
30: engine, 32: generator,
33: auxiliary engine, 50: sensor power unit,
70: sensor control unit, 80: power generation unit,
82: support spring, 83: bobbin,
84: mass member, 85: magnet,
86: gap maintaining spring, 87: core,
88: support, 89: coil,
90: body, 100: vibration sensor,
200: acoustic sensor, 300: signal processing unit,
400: time data file generation unit, 600: comparison unit,
800: standard setting part, 850: terminal part,
900: defect notification unit, 1000: sensor data storage unit,
1100: sensor communication unit, 1200: AP unit,
1300: server device, 1310: control unit,
1320: satellite communication unit, 1330: storage unit,
1340: display, 1350: vibration analysis and measurement unit,
1360: FFT unit, 1370: database unit,
1380: alarm unit, 1390: gateway,
1400: measurement unit, 1410: sub wiring,
1420: communication unit, 1430: wireless communication unit,
1440: Auxiliary power supply.

Claims (16)

Smart sensors installed in multiple locations of the ship structure;
AP unit capable of data communication with the smart sensor; and
Including; a server device connected to the AP unit;
The smart sensor is
(i-1) a sensor unit for measuring either vibration or noise of the installed ship structure;
(i-2) a time data file generating unit for generating a time domain data file based on the measurement signal of the sensor unit; and
(i-3) a sensor communication unit for transmitting the time domain data file to the AP unit and receiving a control command from the AP unit; and
The server device,
(ii-1) a storage unit for storing the time domain data file received from the AP unit;
(ii-2) a vibration analysis and measurement unit that analyzes and measures the vibration of the ship structure based on the time domain data file; and
(ii-3) a satellite communication unit for transmitting the time domain data file and the analysis result of the vessel structure measurement unit to a satellite; The method of claim 1,
The time data file generating unit receives the signal from the sensor unit in the range of 30 seconds to 3 minutes to generate a time domain data file. The method of claim 1,
The time data file generator periodically generates the time domain data file or generates the time domain data file according to a synchronization command output from the server device. The method of claim 1,
The server device,
(ii-4) a control unit for determining whether there is an abnormality by comparing the time domain data file based on a previously stored vibration standard and a noise standard; and
(ii-5) Vibration measuring apparatus of a ship structure using a smart sensor, characterized in that it further comprises an alarm unit for expressing the determination result of the control unit to the outside. The method of claim 1,
The server device,
(ii-6) further comprising an FFT unit for converting the time domain data file into frequency domain data, and
The vibration analysis and measurement unit is a vibration measuring device of a ship structure using a smart sensor, characterized in that it analyzes and measures the vibration of the ship structure based on the time domain data file and the frequency domain data. The method of claim 1,
It is connected to the plurality of smart sensors installed in the ship structure by wire,
Vibration measuring device of a ship structure using a smart sensor, characterized in that it further comprises a measurement unit capable of wireless communication with the AP unit. 7. The method of claim 6,
The AP unit is a vibration measuring device of a ship structure using a smart sensor, characterized in that wireless communication with a plurality of the measuring unit is possible. The method of claim 1,
The smart sensor is a vibration measuring device of a ship structure using a smart sensor, characterized in that a plurality of smart sensors installed along the longitudinal direction of the ship. 9. The method of claim 8,
The smart sensor is
A pair of leading smart sensors installed at the head along the longitudinal direction;
A pair of stern smart sensors installed in the rear of the lead smart sensor along the longitudinal direction; and
A pair of smart sensors in the ship installed between the lead smart sensor and the stern smart sensor; Vibration measuring device of a ship structure using a smart sensor comprising a. The method of claim 1,
The smart sensor is a vibration measuring device of a ship structure using a smart sensor, characterized in that a plurality of smart sensors installed along the height direction of the ship. The method of claim 1,
The smart sensor is
a port smart sensor installed on the port side along the width direction of the vessel; and
Starboard smart sensor installed on the starboard along the width direction; Vibration measuring device of a ship structure using a smart sensor comprising a. In the method for measuring the vibration of a ship structure using the vibration measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
A plurality of smart sensors distributed in the ship structure measuring vibration or noise at each installation location (S100);
generating a time domain data file based on the signal measured by the time data file generation unit of the smart sensor (S110);
Transmitting the time domain data file to the AP unit by the sensor communication unit of the smart sensor (S130);
transmitting, by the AP unit, the time domain data file to a server device (S140); and
The server device analyzes and measures the vibration of the ship structure based on the time domain data file (S160); A method for measuring vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor, comprising: a. In the method for measuring the vibration of a ship structure using the vibration measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
A plurality of smart sensors distributed in the ship structure measuring vibration or noise at each installation location (S200);
generating a time domain data file based on the signal measured by the time data file generator of the smart sensor (S210);
transmitting the time domain data file generated by the time data file generating unit to the measuring unit (S220);
transmitting, by the measuring unit, the plurality of time domain data files to the AP unit (S230);
transmitting, by the AP unit, the time domain data file to a server device (S240);
The server device analyzes and measures the vibration of the ship structure based on the time domain data file (S260); A method for measuring vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor, comprising: a. 14. The method according to claim 12 or 13,
The analysis and measurement steps (S160, S260) are,
The FFT unit further comprises the steps of converting the time domain data file into frequency domain data (S150, S250), and
The server device is a method for measuring vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor, characterized in that it analyzes and measures the vibration of the ship structure based on the time domain data file and the frequency domain data. 15. The method of claim 14,
In the analysis and measurement steps (S160, S260), the vibration analysis and measurement unit of the server device measures at least one of amplitude, frequency, deformation, and damping of the ship structure. Vibration of a ship structure using a smart sensor How to measure. A ship having the vibration measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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