KR20200114243A - Fire evacuation facilities through apartment fire evacuation spaces and emergency passages for each household - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fire escape space in an apartment house using emergency stairs as the escape space in the stair type apartment house, and an emergency passage for each household. A system in the fire escape space using the emergency stairs and the emergency passage for each household prepares against fires while having all survival requirements for people escaping to the escape space until the fires are completely extinguished, substantially, so that life damage is maximally reduced in a fire site when the large-sized fires occur in a large-sized building, thereby securing safety.

Description

Fire evacuation facilities through apartment fire evacuation spaces and emergency passages for each household{omitted}

The present invention relates to the fire evacuation space of the apartment and the emergency passage by household,

More specifically, if a large fire occurs in a high-rise apartment,

An evacuation space where people who are isolated in the building in which the fire can escape safely from the fire site, and survive the threat of fire until the fire is completely extinguished, and each household in which a fire occurs The purpose is to prevent personal injury from occurring even if a large fire occurs in a large building through a passage that can safely evacuate from to this evacuation space, and this fire evacuation facility is related.

Fires in large buildings, including high-rise apartments, cause a lot of casualties, and are emerging as a social problem.

However, the fire-fighting law related to this is trying to come up with countermeasures by reinforcing related laws and finding problems later when an incident large enough to become an issue occurs.

"Make two or more direct stairs in a multi-use building." There are regulations such as "Sprinkler must be installed on several floors above the ground.. ."

Meanwhile, Article 46 of the Enforcement Decree of the Building Act stipulates the provisions on the installation of fire protection zones for new apartments among apartment houses.

"If each household on the 4th floor or higher cannot use two or more direct stairs, one or more evacuation spaces meeting the requirements of the following subparagraphs shall be installed in the balcony jointly with the neighboring household or for each household. In this case, jointly with the neighboring household The evacuation space to be installed should be installed in a location where two or more direct stairs can be used through adjacent households.

The installation standard of this evacuation space is "① The evacuation space should be in contact with the outside air. ② The evacuation space should be divided into a fire zone and other parts of the room. ③ The evacuation space should be 3 m2 when installed jointly with adjacent households. In the case of installation by household, three standards are set: "It must be 2 m2 or more."

However, in Article 46 ⑤ of the Enforcement Decree of the same Act, the following subparagraphs "① When the boundary wall with neighboring households is a lightweight partition that is easy to destroy ② When an evacuation exit is installed on the light barrier wall ③ When a white evacuation exit is installed on the floor of the balcony" If one of the three structures is installed, it is stipulated that the above evacuation space does not need to be installed.

In conclusion, the Building Act Enforcement Decree 46 states, "First. Two or more direct stairs must be made, second, an evacuation space specified in ④ must be created, or third. One of the three structures specified in ⑤ must be installed." You only need to install one of the three.

So, among these three, the choice of "Which to install?" is the construction company.

However, the problem here is that the provisions of laws designed to ensure safety in case of fire carefully review various variables that may occur in the event of a fire, and take into account all possible risk factors, and save human life even in such situations. Legal and institutional arrangements must be prepared to protect them, but as if they were just vaguely determined, there were many problems.

Actually, the reality at the construction site, which is carried out in accordance with the provisions of Article 46 of the New Building Act, is that the for-profit corporations seeking profits have the least construction cost incurred. The purpose is to analyze and safely pass only the completion inspection from the supervisory authority.

In addition, the agency that supervises it simply checks for compliance with the requirements stipulated in the Building Act, and does not consider whether this facility can actually guarantee the safety of the people or whether there are any unexpected variables that need to be supplemented. Only a typical procedure goes through.

After that, no matter what kind of accident occurs, the construction company did it according to the regulations stipulated by the law, so it couldn't be helped because the judiciary did not violate the law.

Then, it is a pity that even if an accident occurs in the blind spot of safety, the general public cannot complain to anyone and suffer damage.

[Prior technical literature]

There are many low-rising evacuation devices that are stipulated in Article 46 ⑤ of the Enforcement Decree of the Building Act above, developed by private enterprises.

① Haenam C&D Co., Ltd. "Save Line" is a top-down evacuation device installed on the floor of a balcony.

This is to drill a hole in the floor of the balcony, install a ladder that can be folded and unfolded, open the lid in case of fire, open the folded ladder and evacuate downstairs.

② The non-powered evacuation device "Nerigo" of Asia Disaster Prevention is also a top-down evacuation device, which is also installed by drilling a hole in the floor of the balcony, but it is not a ladder like Saveline, but a person climbs up and presses a button to automatically descend to the lower floor. .

An object of the present invention is that, when a fire occurs in a high-rise apartment, it takes a lot of time to completely escape from the building, so that there are people who cannot escape and are isolated inside the building.

Therefore, in the event of a fire in a large building by securing an evacuation space where the isolated person in the building can secure safety from fire, and securing an emergency passage through which each household can quickly and safely evacuate to the separate evacuation space, Its purpose is to suppress damage as much as possible.

So, in order that people who have actually evacuated to the evacuation space can safely survive until the fire in the building is completely extinguished, a condition that can guarantee the survival of people under any adverse conditions in consideration of various variables that can occur in a large fire ( A firewall structure and fresh air supply facilities necessary for ventilation and breathing of the inflowed smoke should be provided.

And, ultimately, because it is to safely escape from the fire site, the purpose is to secure an escape route that can escape outside the building in a state where safety is secured first.

In order to achieve the above purpose, a space that can be safely protected from a fire should be created even if it is impossible to escape from the building in which the fire occurred.

Among the entire building space, the movement line is the shortest and it will be a place that can be easily accessed by all residents. However, in the present invention, it will be described as utilizing the emergency stairs of a staircase-type apartment, but in reality there will be no limit to the scope of its application.

In practice, there are many advantages to using emergency stairs as an evacuation space in a staircase-type apartment.

first. Since there is no need to create a new evacuation space in the dedicated space for each household, the range of use of the dedicated space for residents is widened.

second. If you are alone in an evacuation facility built in a closed space separated from the outside in each household's exclusive space, it will be psychologically unstable and difficult to endure, but if you are with other people in a common space where you can move up and down like an emergency staircase, you will be psychologically It will be comfortable, and it will be easy to overcome difficult crises because you can rely on each other and cope with the situation.

third. Since there is an escape route that allows vertical movement up and down, it is possible to escape by yourself, and because several people are gathered in a common space, it is easier to rescue than if it is dispersed in several places.

And in order to ensure that this space can be safely protected from fire, all walls must be completely blocked by concrete walls with sufficient fire protection strength.

In addition, emergency passages to safely escape from the fire site must also be secured.

And the most terrifying thing that threatens people's lives in the fire scene is suffocation caused by soot.

Therefore, in the emergency stairway, which is an evacuation site, sufficient ventilation windows, ventilation pipes connecting from the first floor to the rooftop, and a powerful ventilation fan capable of forcibly discharging the soot gas are installed in case of inflow of soot gas.

In addition, in case the air quality of the evacuation site is low due to the inflow of soot gas into the evacuation site, it is difficult to breathe naturally with its own air, and a ventilation pipe to forcibly supply the sacred air from the outside is installed, and air is forcibly blown. There is a need to install a blower that can be supplied.

In the event of a large fire in a large building, the golden time for people to safely evacuate is short, while the difficulty of moving between floors takes too much time to safely escape from the building. There are people who cannot escape and are isolated.

Therefore, the inventors believe that if the situation is not good, an evacuation space that can guarantee the survival of a person until the fire is completely extinguished must be provided, rather than an option, so that they can evacuate to a safe place rather than hastily and reckless escape. do.

Therefore, the following effects can be expected by securing a safe evacuation space even in all predictable situations.

First. People in the building are isolated and wait anxiously for the help of the rescue, but in situations where rescue is difficult, it is possible to reduce personal injury by securing an evacuation space that can be safely protected from fire.

second. In the event of a fire in each household, the safety of the evacuation site is secured because it secures an emergency passage that can move to a safer evacuation site, and this passage is made of double fire doors to prevent flames from spreading to the evacuation site. .

third. And in a place where safety is guaranteed in an emergency, people can cope with the situation more calmly, so they can safely escape to the emergency stairs.

fourth. Since the place used as an evacuation space uses the existing emergency stairs, there is no need to search for a new space, and conditions are secured to escape from the building by moving between floors up and down while being safely protected from fire.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of the present invention
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an installation configuration of a ventilation facility capable of supplying fresh air and discharge of polluted air to the evacuation space through a side view of the emergency stairs
3 is a block diagram showing an emergency path divided by a firewall.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those of ordinary skill in the art may easily implement the present invention.

However, since the description of the present invention is only a practical example for structural or functional description, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the embodiments described in the text.

For example, since the embodiments can have various modifications and various forms, the scope of the present invention should be understood to include equivalents capable of realizing the technical idea.

In addition, since the object or effect presented in the present invention does not mean that a specific embodiment should include all or only such effects, the scope of the present invention should not be understood as being limited thereto.

In the present specification, the present embodiment is provided to complete the disclosure of the present invention, and to fully inform a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. And the invention is only defined by the scope of the claims.

Accordingly, in some embodiments, well-known components, well-known operations, and well-known techniques have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring interpretation of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the description of the embodiments, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same components, and the description of the same augmented numerals will be omitted in some cases.

[Example]

When the present invention is described with reference to the above drawings, as shown in FIG. 1, in a staircase-type apartment, households of left and right symmetrical types face each other in a symmetrical type with an emergency staircase and a common space of an elevator interposed therebetween.

The walls indicated by the red line in Fig. 1 are fire resistant walls.

A fire proof wall and fire door should be installed between the emergency stair part and the elevator part to block flames from spreading to the emergency stairway, the evacuation site.

The walls of each household in contact with the emergency stairs divide the double fireproof walls as shown in Fig. 1, and the space between the double walls and the walls becomes a necessary passage for the residents of the apartment to escape from the house to the evacuation space. After going through 111 (the first fire door for emergency exit) and then 112 (the second fire door for emergency exit), you can exit the emergency stairs, which is an evacuation space.

And no matter how concrete a firewall is, it is impossible to guarantee the safety of people in a large fire site with only one layer of walls.

Actually, as a result of a simulation of the firestop p made in accordance with the requirements specified in the building law, it became unrealistic as it was confirmed that the temperature inside it rose to a level where humans could not survive 25 minutes after the fire occurred.

Realistically, when a large-scale fire occurs in a large building, it becomes an extreme situation that cannot be done by human power. In this situation, a person who waits for a rescue is a golden time in which only one minute and one second determine life or death, but it is the opposite position that is difficult to approach for a person who rescues.

Therefore, in such an extreme situation, it is impossible to vaguely wait for someone else's rescue, and to try to escape from the building in a hurry is also a reckless behavior.

Therefore, in order to overcome the unfortunate reality of having to end up being isolated from the fire scene while having no hope of the golden time that judges life or death in such an extreme situation, it will be best to thoroughly predict and prepare.

So, what I would like to propose as an alternative in the present invention is to create a fire evacuation space, but even if a fire occurs, a thorough evacuation space with all the necessary requirements for survival can be guaranteed to ensure the safety of people at least until the fire is completely extinguished. I want to verify and install it.

As shown in Fig. 1, the safety of the evacuation space is further ensured by predicting the direction in which flames can contact the evacuation space in case of a fire, creating a protective wall, and blocking the fire with a double fire proof wall to withstand the temperature of the flame of a large fire. Made it possible.

In addition, 110 (external firewall) installs an additional 1m wide firewall outside the building line to block flames from spreading outside the veranda from spreading to the window of the emergency stairs, which is a great wave place.

The 120 (ground passage) should be equipped with two entrance doors, and the inner wall should be installed as a firewall and fire door to prevent the fire from spreading to the great wave area.

In addition, the outer door is not opened from the outside, but only from the inside to prevent abuse by crime.

3 is a block diagram showing an emergency path divided by a firewall.

The first door that goes through to go out from the inside is made up of a firewall and fire door 111, and the second door 112 is not open from outside, but only from the inside to prevent being abused in ordinary crimes.

And a ventilation window 113 is installed so that the remaining window wall can be ventilated.

Figure 2 shows a side view of an emergency staircase, through which it is an installation situation of a ventilation facility installed to discharge contaminated air and supply fresh air so that there is no difficulty in breathing comfortably inside the emergency staircase, an evacuation space.

In the evacuation area, in order for people to be safely protected from fire, first, a firewall that blocks fire and second. There must be fresh air for people to breathe.

So, the firewall was installed in duplicate. And by installing two air pipes that pass through the emergency stairway, which is an evacuation space, from the first floor to the roof, the hina 122 is forcibly discharged from the evacuation space by a motor on the roof, and the other 121 is It is to force fresh air into the motor outside the building.

In addition, a ventilator that discharges contaminated air and an inhaler that supplies fresh air are installed on each floor in connection with the pipe, and the device is operated when it is determined that it is necessary for the safety of people evacuating to the fire evacuation area in case of emergency.

As shown in the above drawing, if a fire occurs inside the apartment, you can quickly cope with the situation in the evacuation space and cope with the situation more calmly if the trust relationship is established that you can feel relieved once you quickly come to a safe evacuation site through the bar-sang passage. Since an escape route is also secured, it has the effect of replacing the function of the shelter under Article 46 of the Building Act Enforcement Decree and the function of the fire evacuation facility separately installed by private companies on the exterior wall of the apartment.

Moreover, it can be said that the evacuation space under Article 46 of the Building Act Enforcement Ordinance does not function to protect people and that fire evacuation facilities installed by private companies are theoretically excellent facilities, but as mentioned above, escape from the ignition point downwards. It may seem easy, but if a situation occurs where it is difficult for people above the ignition point to escape due to various variables in a fire situation, people face a situation in which people are isolated inside the building.

Therefore, it is judged that we should focus on escaping from the fire site, but we need to make enough countermeasures for what to do when a situation where it is difficult to escape.

In addition, fire doors must be installed in duplicate, as it is necessary to prevent the inflow of exhaust smoke to the evacuation site as much as possible.

In addition, the firewall should be provided with an external fire blocking wall 110 to block the flames coming up from the outside of the veranda from spreading to the window of the emergency stairs.

By doing this, it is possible to block flames to the emergency stairs, which is an evacuation space, and to block the inflow of smoke as much as possible.

110: external fire barrier 111: inner first fire door 112: outer second fire door
113: contaminated air discharge pipe 114: fresh air supply pipe
115: Polluted air exhaust fan (installed on each floor, operated only in case of emergency)
116: Fresh air supply inhaler (installed for each insect, operated only in case of emergency)

Claims (6)

With the emergency stairs and the common space of the elevator in between, each household can completely block fire by dividing the walls of each household in contact with the emergency stairs into double fireproof walls in a staircase-type apartment with symmetric left and right sides. Emergency stairs so that
Fire evacuation space, characterized in that using the emergency step above as an evacuation space The method of claim 1,
Emergency evacuation passage through the space between the double fireproof walls to escape from the house to the emergency stairway, which is an evacuation space: The first and second fire doors are installed in this emergency evacuation passage, so that smoke generated from fire flows into the evacuation space. Fire evacuation space using emergency stairs, characterized in that it blocks things The method of claim 2,
The first fire door installed inside the emergency passage so that smoke from the ignition point does not flow into the evacuation space, so that it can be quickly closed: outside of the emergency passage, it is opened only from the inside and not from the outside, so that it can prevent ordinary crimes. Installed second fire door: Fire evacuation space using emergency stairs characterized by installing a light The method of claim 1,
Among the double-installed fire proof walls, the fire proof walls installed inside are external fire protection walls that protrude about 1m more than the building lines outside the balcony as shown in (110) in Fig.1: The above external fire protection walls spread outside the balcony. Is a fire evacuation space using emergency stairs, characterized in that it blocks the access of fire flames to the evacuation space. The method of claim 1,
Ventilation pipes and ventilators installed to force the exhaust of polluted air by inevitably entering the emergency stairs used as evacuation spaces: In addition, air inlet pipes installed to forcibly supply fresh air from the outside. Blower: A fire evacuation space using emergency stairs, characterized in that it is equipped with facilities such as so as to prevent suffocation by smoke. The method of claim 5
Ventilation fans installed to discharge contaminated air on each floor of the ventilation pipe, which penetrates from the first floor of the emergency stairs to the roof, and an air inhaler installed to supply fresh air from the outside on each floor of the air inlet pipe. A fire evacuation space using emergency stairs, characterized in that it is equipped with facilities so that people who evacuate from a fire can breathe comfortably in case of emergency.

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