KR102263178B1 - Apparatus And Method for Shelter for the Old and the Infirm - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fire evacuation device for an old and infant living space capable of ensuring safety without moving the old and infant by converting a space used for a hospitalization or residential purpose such as a bedroom into an evacuation space in case of an emergency such as a fire, and a fire evacuation using the same. According to the present invention, a fire escape device of an old and infant living space comprises: an air supply and exhaust means; a fire prevention door installed in an entrance of the old and infant living space to open or close the entrance; a water film forming unit disposed on an upper side of the fire prevention door to form a water film by spraying water toward a front surface of the fire prevention door in case of fire; and a smoke proof gasket formed of a water inflatable material. The air supply and exhaust means includes an air supply and exhaust flow path having one end communicating with an outside of a building and the other end communicating with an inside of the old and infant living space, an air supply and exhaust ventilation unit for discharging air of the old and infant living space through the air supply and exhaust flow path in a normal use or for supplying external air to the old and infant living space in case of fire, and a controller for changing a direction of operation of the air supply and exhaust ventilation unit in case of fire. The smoke proof gasket is disposed between a rim of the fire prevention door and a door guide frame supporting the rim of the fire prevention door, and shields a space between the fire prevention door and the door guide frame while expanding by water sprayed from the water film forming unit.

Description

Fire evacuation device and fire evacuation method using the same for the living space of the elderly {Apparatus And Method for Shelter for the Old and the Infirm}

The present invention relates to a fire evacuation device for an elderly facility that can convert an elderly person's living space into a safe fire evacuation space, and a fire evacuation method using the same.

In apartment houses where the general public resides, securing the safety of occupants is the most important issue in fire safety. For this purpose, it is legally required that certain evacuation facilities such as evacuation spaces, evacuation boxes, and evacuation exits be installed for buildings of a certain size or larger.

In the case of apartment houses, it is stipulated to select and install lightweight partitions, evacuation spaces, evacuation exits, and evacuation boxes to enable two-way evacuation. In addition, in case of fire in various high-rise buildings with 50 or more floors, an evacuation floor is secured for every 30 stories in a high-rise building, and an intermediate floor within 25 floors is secured as an evacuation floor in a semi-skyscraper with 30-49 floors as an evacuation floor, etc. According to the (number of floors), it is mandatory to install an evacuation safety zone. As described above, although related regulations are being strengthened to have various evacuation facilities for fire safety in general buildings, these facilities still have problems that need to be supplemented. In other words, normal maintenance should be performed to ensure accessibility and functions of occupants in case of emergency, but there are still many problems.

On the other hand, social welfare services such as elderly nursing homes and hospitals for the elderly, facilities for the disabled and children's hospitals where the elderly, the disabled, patients, children, etc. who are subject to many restrictions on fire evacuation (hereinafter referred to as 'elderly people') reside It should be stipulated that the facilities should be equipped with an evacuation facility suitable for their physical characteristics, but it is not enough to effectively deal with evacuation by installing an evacuation mechanism for the general public. From this point of view, it is urgent to build a new evacuation facility that meets the characteristics of residents.

At home and abroad, fire evacuation of facilities for the elderly is premised on moving the elderly from the hospital room to a safe area with the help of the general public.

In foreign countries, an evacuation space of a certain area constructed using fireproof and non-combustible materials is separately prepared for each floor, and the elderly are evacuated quickly in case of emergency. In the United States and Japan, there are installation standards focusing on horizontal evacuation. In other words, considering the characteristics of obstacles, evacuation standards are mainly presented in the form of temporarily waiting by focusing on horizontal movement rather than vertical movement.

In Korea, referring to foreign examples, building evacuation spaces for each floor is reinforced, but it has not been reflected in the regulations yet. Currently, fire evacuation regulations for facilities for the elderly in Korea are based on the 「Act on Installation and Maintenance of Firefighting Facilities and Safety Management」, 「Act on the Promotion of Convenience for Lovers, the Elderly and Pregnant Women」, and 「Enforcement Rules of the Welfare Act for the Disabled」. Alerts for the deaf. It stipulates evacuation devices and facilities, fire extinguishing devices and emergency exits, smoke control facilities, and ramps.

The 「Enforcement Decree of the Act on the Promotion of Convenience for the Disabled, the Elderly and Pregnant Women」 makes it mandatory and recommended to have convenient facilities for the elderly and the disabled, but there are no specific regulations on how to evacuate the fire on the second floor or higher. There is no way to escape.

It is almost impossible for the elderly, disabled, and patients to evacuate without the help of others in case of a fire. In other words, it is natural to build an evacuation facility considering these characteristics, but the currently equipped evacuation equipment such as a rescue team is almost impossible for the disabled or seriously ill to use on their own.

In particular, most facilities related to the elderly, which are rapidly increasing in recent years, are installed on the second or higher floors. As such, the elderly installed on high floors and occupants of medical facilities have many problems in evacuation because they are required to evacuate vertically centered on the special evacuation stairs in case of fire.

Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1306151 Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1597890

In case of fire, it is almost impossible for the elderly to evacuate by themselves in case of a fire, and countermeasures should be prepared on the premise that it is almost impossible to evacuate quickly from the living space because of the problems that they have to move auxiliary equipment such as chairs and beds together.

The present invention from this point of view considers the physical characteristics of the elderly and utilizes the space in which they live as an evacuation space. In other words, a fire evacuation device and a fire evacuation method using the fire evacuation device for the elderly living space that can ensure safety without moving the elderly by converting the space normally used for residential purposes such as hospitalization and bedrooms into an evacuation space in case of an emergency such as a fire It is an object of the present invention to provide.

A fire evacuation device for an elderly living space according to the present invention for achieving the above object includes a supply/exhaust flow path having one end communicating with the outside of the building and the other end communicating with the inside of the elderly living space, and normally through the supply/exhaust flow path. Supply/exhaust means including a supply/exhaust ventilation unit for discharging the air of the elderly living space to the outside and supplying external air to the elderly living space in case of a fire, and a controller for switching the operation direction of the supply and exhaust ventilation unit in case of a fire; a fire door installed at the entrance of the elderly living space to open and close the entrance; a water film forming unit disposed above the fire door to spray water toward the front surface of the fire door in case of fire to form a water film; And, disposed between the rim of the fire door and the door guide frame supporting the rim of the fire door, it expands by the water sprayed from the water film forming unit and shields the space between the fire door and the door guide frame. It may include a smoke shielding gasket.

The fire evacuation device for the elderly living space of the present invention is installed to connect the elderly living space and a plurality of other non-residential spaces adjacent to it, and in the event of a fire, smoke generated in one non-residential space is discharged to the outside of the other non-residential space or building. smoke exhaust channel; and a smoke exhaust fan installed in each of the smoke exhaust passages to blow smoke generated in one non-residential space to the outside of another non-residential space or a building to discharge the smoke and a smoke motor to rotate the exhaust fan.

The supply/exhaust flow passage has one end communicating with the outside of the building from the upper part of the building, and a main duct extending vertically from the upper part to the lower part, and a distribution duct extending from the main duct to the living space of the elderly on each floor of the building; The distribution duct may include a supply and exhaust port formed to communicate with the elderly living space.

In addition, the supply/exhaust blowing unit may include a main blowing fan installed in the main duct to suck in air outside the building or to suck in and discharge air in the living space of the elderly, and a main blower motor for rotating the main blowing fan.

The air supply/exhaust blowing unit may further include a smoke exhaust fan installed in each of the distribution ducts to suck in air from outside the building or to suck and discharge air from a living space of the elderly, and a smoke motor for rotating the exhaust fan.

A filter may be installed in the main duct to filter out foreign substances from the air sucked from the outside.

The supply/exhaust means is installed at a branching point between the main duct and the distribution duct of each floor, and opens and closes a flow path so that air supplied from the supply/exhaust blowing unit can be selectively supplied to the distribution duct when a fire occurs. It may further include an automatic damper of.

The fire door is a sliding type fire door that opens and closes the doorway while sliding left and right on the doorway, and a thermal expansion material made of a thermally expansible material that expands to the outside of the rim of the fire door by the heat of the flame may be installed inside the fire door.

According to one aspect of the present invention, an auxiliary thermal barrier expandable material that serves to block heat and flame while overlapping with the thermal barrier expandable material while expanding by the heat of the flame may be installed on the door guide frame supporting the edge of the fire door.

In addition, a thermally expansible carbonized material that expands by the heat of the flame to form a uniform water film may be applied to the front surface of the fire door.

The fire evacuation method using the fire evacuation device according to the present invention comprises:

(S1) operating the air supply and exhaust ventilation unit in the forward direction to discharge the air in the residential space of the elderly to the outside through the supply and exhaust passage;

(S2) when detecting the occurrence of a fire, operating the supply/exhaust blowing unit in the reverse direction to supply external air to the living space of the elderly through the supply/exhaust passage; and;

(S3) blocking the space between the fire door and the door guide frame by spraying water on the front surface of the fire door through the water film forming unit to expand the smoke gasket;

may include.

According to the present invention, when air is supplied to and pressurized in the living space of the elderly when a fire occurs, flames and smoke cannot easily penetrate into the living space of the elderly, and by supplying fresh air from the outside to the elderly, it is possible to safely evacuate from the living space for a long time. can

In addition, since the upper and lower edges of the rim of the fire door are completely shielded, smoke and flames are prevented from flowing into the living space for the elderly, so that the living space for the elderly can be maintained as a safe fire evacuation space for a long time.

1 is a view showing the configuration of a fire evacuation device for an elderly living space according to an embodiment of the present invention, and shows an operation example of the fire evacuation device in ordinary times.
FIG. 2 is a view showing an operation example of the fire evacuation device shown in FIG. 1 when a fire occurs.
3 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the fire door of the fire evacuation device shown in FIG.
4A and 4B are cross-sectional views of essential parts showing an operation example of the fire door and the water film forming unit shown in FIG. 3 .

The configuration shown in the embodiments and drawings described in this specification is only a preferred example of the disclosed invention, and there may be various modifications that can replace the embodiments and drawings of the present specification at the time of filing of the present application.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a fire evacuation device for the elderly living space and a fire evacuation method using the same will be described in detail according to the embodiments described below. In the drawings, like reference numerals denote like elements.

1 to 4B , the fire evacuation device for the elderly living space according to an embodiment of the present invention exhausts the air inside the space where the elderly live (hereinafter referred to as 'old person residence space') to the outside to ventilate supply/exhaust means for supplying external air to the inside of the elderly living space (R) in case of fire or fire, the fire door 30 installed at the entrance of the elderly living space (R) to open and close the entrance, the upper side of the fire door 30 A water film forming unit that forms a water film by spraying water toward the front surface of the fire door 30 in case of fire, and a door guide frame that supports the frame of the fire door 30 and the frame of the fire door 30 ( 31) is disposed between the water film forming unit and expands by the water sprayed from the water film forming unit to shield the space between the fire door 30 and the door guide frame 31, and a water-inflatable smoke gasket 60 made of a water-expandable material, and the residence of the elderly It is installed to connect the space (R) and a plurality of other non-residential spaces (C) adjacent to it, for example, a corridor to guide smoke generated in one non-residential space (C) to the other non-residential space (C) or to the outside of the building in the event of a fire and a smoke exhaust fan 41 installed in each of the smoke exhaust passages 40 to blow smoke generated in one non-residential space (C) to another non-residential space (C) or to the outside of the building to discharge it. and a smoke exhaust motor 42 for rotating the exhaust fan 41 .

The supply/exhaust flow passage has one end communicating with the outside of the building from the upper part of the building, and a main duct 11 extending vertically from the upper part to the lower part, and from the main duct 11 on each floor of the building to the living space (R) for the elderly. ) and a distribution duct 12 extending horizontally, and a supply and exhaust port 13 formed in communication with the elderly living space (R) in the distribution duct (12).

A filter 14 may be installed in the main duct 11 to filter out foreign substances from the air sucked from the outside.

The air supply/exhaust blowing unit performs a ventilation function of discharging the air inside the elderly living space (R) to the outside through the main duct 11 and the distribution duct 12 of the supply/exhaust flow path in normal times, and when a fire occurs It is configured to perform a supply air function of preventing flames and smoke from penetrating into the inside of the elderly living space (R) by supplying external air to the elderly living space (R) to increase the internal pressure.

In this embodiment, the supply/exhaust blowing unit is installed in the main duct 11 to suck air from outside the building or to suck air from the living space of the elderly and exhaust the main blowing fan 21 and the main blowing fan 21. It includes a main blower motor 22 for rotating.

The main blower fan 21 may be configured by applying a variable-wing axial fan or a centrifugal fan in which the blowing direction of air is changed according to the rotational direction. The exhaust motor 42 of the smoke exhaust passage 40 may also be configured by applying a variable-wing axial fan or a centrifugal fan, in which the blowing direction of air is changed according to the rotational direction. The operating directions of the main blower motor 22 of the air supply/exhaust blowing unit and the exhaust motor 42 of the smoke discharge passage 40 are controlled by a controller not shown in the drawings.

In addition, at the branching point to the main duct 11 and the distribution duct 12 of each floor, in the event of a fire, the air supplied from the supply/exhaust blowing unit can be selectively supplied to the distribution duct 12 to open and close the flow path. A plurality of automatic dampers 15 may be installed. The automatic damper 15 is provided with blades whose angle is adjusted by the controller (not shown), so that air supply and exhaust to each elderly living space R can be selectively controlled according to the opening degree of the blades.

The automatic damper 15 is normally operated so that exhaust is made to the outside through the distribution duct 12 and the main duct 11 in the elderly living space R of each floor, and the controller detects a fire signal When this is done, the automatic damper 15 installed on the floor other than the floor where the fire occurred is closed, and only the automatic damper 15 installed on the floor where the fire occurred is opened, and the main blower fan 21 and the exhaust fan 41 rotate in reverse to the outside. Air supplied from the fire can only be supplied to the residential space (R) of the elderly on the floor where the fire occurred.

The fire door 30 that moves in a sliding manner is mainly applied to the entrance door of the elderly residence space of the elderly facility. The upper and lower edges of the fire door 30 are slidably inserted into the door guide frames 31 installed at the upper and lower ends of the doorway, respectively, and slide under the guidance of the door guide frame 31 . Therefore, a slight gap exists between the upper end and lower end of the fire door 30 and the door guide frame 31 at the upper end and lower end of the doorway. Accordingly, in the event of a fire, if smoke or flame penetrates through the gap between the upper and lower edges of the fire door 30 and the door guide frame 31, the fire may spread or an elderly person in the room may inhale harmful gas, resulting in personal injury. have.

Accordingly, between the upper and lower edges of the fire door 30 and between the door guide frame 31, the space between the fire door 30 and the door guide frame 31 is shielded while expanding by the water sprayed from the water film forming unit. A smoke shielding gasket 60 made of a water-inflatable material is installed. The smoke shielding gasket 60 may be configured by applying a well-known submerged expansion fiber that can rapidly expand when water is absorbed. The smoke shielding gasket 60 is preferably formed to protrude downward or upward at the front end of the door guide frame 31 so that it can be easily wetted with water sprayed from the nozzle 53 of the water film forming unit and expanded.

In addition, when the flame reaches the immediate vicinity of the fire door 30, it expands by the heat of the flame and the thermal expansion material 32 that shields the gap between the fire door 30 and the door guide frame 31 is installed in the fire door 30 ) is installed as a core material inside the The thermal barrier expandable material 32 expands to the outside of the rim of the fire door 30 by the heat of the flame, filling the gap between the rim of the fire door 30 and the door guide frame 31, thereby acting as a smoke shielding and flame blocking function. At this time, for more reliable smoke-blocking and flame-blocking action, the auxiliary heat-shielding expandable material 33 overlaps with the heat-shielding expandable material 32 while expanding by the heat of the flame inside the door guide frame 31 to provide heat-shielding and flame-blocking action. can be installed. The thermally expandable material 32 and the auxiliary thermally expandable material 33 may be made of a known thermally expansible material in which expanded graphite and an inorganic flame retardant are mixed in a resin.

In addition, a thermally expansible carbonized material 70 that expands by the heat of the flame is applied to the front surface of the fire door 30 . The thermally expandable carbonized material 70 expands by heat so that the water sprayed from the water film forming unit is uniformly spread over the entire front surface of the fire door 30 to form a uniform water film. It acts as a heat shield to further improve safety.

The water film forming unit includes a pump 51 connected to a water supply facility, a water supply line 52 connected to the pump 51 to supply water, and a water supply line 52 extending above the front of the fire door 30, and the water supply It is installed at the end of the line 52 and includes a nozzle 53 for spraying water from the upper side of the front portion of the fire door 30 toward the front surface of the fire door 30 . The pump 51 is connected to the controller or a separate fire detection and pump control controller to operate when a fire is detected to supply water to the water supply line 52 .

The operation method of the fire evacuation device of the present invention will be described as follows.

In normal times when a fire does not occur, when the main blower motor 22 of the supply/exhaust blowing unit is operated in the forward direction to rotate the main blowing fan 21, the main duct 11 and the distribution duct 12 that form the supply/exhaust flow path The air in the living space (R) for the elderly on each floor is discharged to the outside through the ventilation system.

When the occurrence of a fire is detected, the controller (not shown) operates the air supply/exhaust blowing unit in the reverse direction to supply external air to the user's living space R through the supply/exhaust flow path. At this time, the controller may close the flow path by rotating the automatic damper 15 so that air is not supplied to the floor where the fire has not occurred.

In this way, when air is supplied and pressurized to the elderly living space (R) in the event of a fire, flames and smoke cannot easily penetrate into the elderly living space (R), and by supplying fresh air to the elderly for a long time, the elderly living space ( R) can be safely evacuated.

At the same time, the pump 51 of the water film forming unit operates to spray water from the upper side of the front surface of the fire door 30 through the water supply line 52 and the nozzle 53 . The water sprayed through the nozzle 53 expands the smoke gasket 60 installed in the door guide frame 31 that guides the movement of the fire door 30, so that the front surface of the door guide frame 31 and the fire door ( 30) Shield the gap between the front faces. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent smoke from entering through the gap between the door guide frame 31 and the fire door 30 before the flame reaches the fire door 30 .

And when the flame reaches the fire door 30, the thermal barrier expandable material 32 installed as a core material inside the fire door 30 and the auxiliary thermal barrier expandable material 33 installed inside the door guide frame 31 ) expands by the heat of the flame to completely shield the gap between the edge of the fire door 30 and the door guide frame 31 .

As such, when a fire occurs, external air flows into the elderly living space R through the supply/exhaust means to pressurize the inside of the elderly housing space R, and the upper and lower edges of the fire door 30 are completely shielded from smoke and The flame is prevented from flowing into the old user's living space (R), so that the old user's living space (R) can be maintained as a safe fire evacuation space for a long time.

In addition, when a fire occurs, the exhaust motor 42 and the exhaust fan 41 of the smoke exhaust passage 40 are operated while supplying external air to the inside of the elderly living space R through the supply and exhaust means. Through the smoke discharge passage 40, smoke from the non-residential space (C) where the fire has occurred is sucked and discharged to another non-residential space (C) or the smoke is discharged to the outside.

In the above, the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains may make various substitutions, additions and modifications within the scope not departing from the technical spirit described above. Of course, it will be understood that such modified embodiments also fall within the protection scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims below.

R: Residential space for the elderly C: Non-residential space
10: supply/exhaust flow path 11: main duct
12: distribution duct 13: supply and exhaust port
21: main blowing fan 22: main blowing motor
30: fire door 31: door guide frame
32: thermal expansion material 33: auxiliary thermal expansion material
40: smoke exhaust passage 41: smoke fan
42: exhaust motor 51: pump
52: water supply line 53: nozzle
60: smoke shielding gasket 70: thermally expandable carbonized material

Claims (10)

One end communicates with the outside of the building and the other end communicates with the inside of the elderly living space, and the air in the elderly living space is usually discharged to the outside through the supply and exhaust passage, and in case of a fire, the outside air is discharged into the elderly living space. Supply/exhaust blowing unit for supplying to the air supply and exhaust means including a controller for switching the operating direction of the supply and exhaust blowing unit in the event of a fire;
a fire door installed at the entrance of the elderly living space to open and close the entrance;
a water film forming unit disposed above the fire door to form a water film by spraying water toward the front surface of the fire door in case of fire; and;
A smoke barrier gasket made of a water-expandable material that is disposed between the edge of the fire door and the door guide frame that supports the edge of the fire door to shield the space between the fire door and the door guide frame while expanding by the water sprayed from the water film forming unit. ;
includes,
The fire door is a sliding fire door that opens and closes the door while sliding left and right on the door. Inside the fire door, a thermal expansion material made of thermally expandable material that expands to the outside of the rim of the fire door by the heat of the flame is used as the core material of the fire door. installed,
Auxiliary thermal insulation expansion material is installed in the door guide frame supporting the edge of the fire door, which expands by the heat of the flame and overlaps with the thermal insulation expansion material, and acts as a heat shield and flame blocking material,
A fire evacuation device for the elderly living space in which a thermally expansible carbon material that expands by the heat of a flame to form a uniform water film is applied to the front surface of the fire door. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: a smoke exhaust passage that is installed to connect the elderly living space and a plurality of other non-residential spaces adjacent to it and guides smoke generated in one non-residential space to be discharged to another non-residential space or to the outside of the building in case of a fire; and;
a smoke exhaust fan installed in the smoke discharge passage to blow smoke generated in one non-residential space to the outside of another non-residential space or a building to discharge it, and a smoke motor to rotate the exhaust fan;
Fire evacuation device of the elderly living space further comprising a. According to claim 1, wherein the supply and exhaust flow path is a main duct that communicates with the outside of the building at one end of the upper part of the building and extends vertically from the upper part of the building to the lower part of the building, and from the main duct to the living space for the elderly on each floor of the building It includes a distribution duct extending and a supply/exhaust port formed in communication with the elderly living space in the distribution duct,
The air supply/exhaust blowing unit is installed in the main duct and includes a main blowing fan for sucking air outside the building or for sucking and discharging air from the elderly living space, and a main blowing motor for rotating the main blowing fan. fire escape device. The exhaust fan according to claim 3, wherein the air supply/exhaust blowing unit further comprises a smoke exhaust fan installed in each of the distribution ducts to suck in air from outside the building or to suck and discharge air from the living space of the elderly, and a smoke motor for rotating the exhaust fan. Fire evacuation device in the living space of the elderly who The fire evacuation device of claim 3, wherein a filter for filtering out foreign substances from the air sucked in from the outside is installed in the main duct. The method according to claim 3, wherein the supply and exhaust means is installed at a branching point between the main duct and the distribution duct of each floor, and when a fire occurs, the air supplied from the supply and exhaust blowing unit can be selectively supplied to the distribution duct. A fire evacuation device for the elderly living space further comprising a plurality of automatic dampers to open and close the flow path. delete delete delete A fire evacuation method using the fire evacuation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
(S1) operating the air supply/exhaust blowing unit in the forward direction to discharge air in the living space of the elderly to the outside through the supply/exhaust flow path;
(S2) when the occurrence of a fire is detected, operating the air supply and exhaust ventilation unit in the reverse direction to supply external air to the living space of the elderly through the supply and exhaust passage; and;
(S3) spraying water on the front surface of the fire door through the water film forming unit to expand the smoke gasket to shield the space between the fire door and the door guide frame;
A fire evacuation method of the residential space for the elderly, including a.

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