KR20200039131A - Tower crane configured for emergency escape - Google Patents

Tower crane configured for emergency escape Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR20200039131A
KR20200039131A KR1020180118614A KR20180118614A KR20200039131A KR 20200039131 A KR20200039131 A KR 20200039131A KR 1020180118614 A KR1020180118614 A KR 1020180118614A KR 20180118614 A KR20180118614 A KR 20180118614A KR 20200039131 A KR20200039131 A KR 20200039131A
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
tower crane
driver
seat
sensor
axis gimbal
Prior art date
Application number
KR1020180118614A
Other languages
Korean (ko)
Other versions
KR102102478B1 (en
Inventor
임수정
박덕근
이향이
Original Assignee
대한민국(행정안전부 국립재난안전연구원장)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 대한민국(행정안전부 국립재난안전연구원장) filed Critical 대한민국(행정안전부 국립재난안전연구원장)
Priority to KR1020180118614A priority Critical patent/KR102102478B1/en
Publication of KR20200039131A publication Critical patent/KR20200039131A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR102102478B1 publication Critical patent/KR102102478B1/en

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88—Safety gear
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/08—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/02—Heads
    • F16M11/04—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand
    • F16M11/06—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting
    • F16M11/12—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting in more than one direction
    • F16M11/121—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting in more than one direction constituted of several dependent joints
    • F16M11/123—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting in more than one direction constituted of several dependent joints the axis of rotation intersecting in a single point, e.g. by using gimbals

Abstract

The present document discloses a tower crane configured to enable a driver to safely escape even in a crisis situation inclined due to an external impact or ground collapse. The tower crane according to an embodiment includes: a structure composed of a mast unit vertically stood on the ground and a jib unit rotationally provided on an upper part of the mast unit; and a three-axis gimbal including a driver′s seat and coupled to the jib unit.

Description

비상탈출이 용이한 타워크레인{TOWER CRANE CONFIGURED FOR EMERGENCY ESCAPE}TOWER CRANE CONFIGURED FOR EMERGENCY ESCAPE}

본 개시(Disclosure)는 타워크레인과 관련된다.Disclosure relates to tower cranes.

본 섹션(Section)에는 본 개시의 기술적 의의를 이해하는 데 도움이되는 종래기술이 기재된다. 다만, 공지여부에 대한 명확한 언급이 없는 한, 기재된 종래기술이 출원 전 공지되었음을 의미하는 것은 아니다.This section describes prior art to help understand the technical significance of the present disclosure. However, unless stated otherwise, it does not mean that the described prior art was announced prior to filing.

최근 타워크레인 안전사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 특히, 강풍이나 지반붕괴 또는 타워크레인의 자체 불량 등으로 인하여, 타워크레인이 쓰러지는 사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있다.Recently, tower crane safety accidents are occurring frequently. In particular, accidents of tower cranes falling frequently occur due to strong winds, ground collapse, or failure of the tower crane.

한편, 타워크레인이 쓰러지는 사고가 발생할 시, 타워크레인이 쓰러지는 과정에서, 운전실 내부에 위치한 운전자는 균형을 잃고, 운전실 외부로 탈출하지 못하여, 대부분 사망에 이르게 된다.On the other hand, when an accident occurs where the tower crane collapses, in the process of the tower crane collapse, the driver located inside the cab loses balance and cannot escape outside the cab, leading to death.

그에 따라, 타워크레인 운전자의 비상탈출이 용이한 구조를 갖는 타워크레인이 창안될 필요성이 있다.Accordingly, there is a need to create a tower crane having a structure that facilitates emergency escape of the tower crane driver.

KRKR 20-031542220-0315422 Y1Y1 (2017.12.20.(2017.12.20. 공고)Announcement) KRKR 10-180014710-1800147 B1B1 (2003.06.02.(2003.06.02. 공고)Announcement) KRKR 10-2018-010362110-2018-0103621 AA (2018.09.19.(2018.09.19. 공고)Announcement)

외부 충격이나 지반 붕괴 등으로 인하여, 마스트부 등이 기울어지는 위기 상황에서도, 운전자가 안전하게 비상탈출할 수 있도록 구성된 타워크레인을 제공하는 것이다.It is to provide a tower crane configured to safely escape the driver even in a crisis situation in which the mast portion is inclined due to external shock or ground collapse.

실시예에 따른 타워크레인은, 지면에 수직으로 세워지는 마스트부와, 상기 마스트부의 상부에 회전 가능하게 구비되는 지브부로 구성된 구조물; 및, 운전석을 포함하고, 상기 지브부에 결합되는 3축 짐벌;을 포함한다.Tower crane according to the embodiment, the structure consisting of a mast portion that is perpendicular to the ground, and a jib portion rotatably provided on the upper portion of the mast portion; And, includes a driver's seat, a three-axis gimbal coupled to the jib portion.

또한, 상기 구조물에 설치되며, 상기 구조물의 기울기를 감지하는 제1 센서;를 더 포함하고, 상기 제1 센서에 의하여, 상기 구조물의 기울어짐이 감지될 때, 상기 짐벌이 작동하여, 상기 운전석이 수평을 유지하도록 구성되는 것일 수 있다.In addition, it is installed on the structure, the first sensor for detecting the inclination of the structure; further comprising, by the first sensor, when the inclination of the structure is detected, the gimbal operates, the driver's seat is It may be configured to maintain the horizontal.

또한, 상기 구조물에 설치되며, 상기 구조물로 접근하는 물체를 감지하는 제2 센서;를 더 포함하고, 상기 제2 센서에 의하여, 상기 구조물과 충돌이 예상되는 물체가 감지될 때, 상기 짐벌이 작동하여, 상기 운전석이 수평을 유지하도록 구성되는 것일 수 있다.In addition, it is installed on the structure, the second sensor for detecting an object approaching the structure; further comprising, by the second sensor, when the object is expected to collide with the structure, the gimbal is activated Thus, the driver's seat may be configured to maintain the horizontal.

또한, 실시예에 따른 타워크레인은, 상기 운전석의 외부에 구비되는 비상탈출용 윈치;를 더 포함할 수 있다.In addition, the tower crane according to the embodiment may further include; emergency winch provided on the outside of the driver's seat.

실시예에 따른 타워크레인은, 외부 충격이나 지반 붕괴 등으로 인하여, 마스트부 등이 기울어지는 위기 상황에서도, 3축 짐벌에 의해, 운전석의 수평 상태가 유지되며, 운전석에 위치한 운전자는 다양한 탈출 계획을 도모할 수 있다.The tower crane according to the embodiment maintains the level of the driver's seat by the 3-axis gimbal even in a crisis situation in which the mast portion is inclined due to external impact or ground collapse, and the driver located in the driver's seat can make various escape plans. I can plan it.

예컨데, 운전석의 외부에 비상탈출용 윈치가 더 구비되면, 운전자는 윈치를 이용하여, 지면에 안전하게 도달할 수 있을 것이다.For example, if the emergency exit winch is further provided outside the driver's seat, the driver will be able to safely reach the ground using the winch.

도 1은 실시예에 따른 타워크레인(100)의 개략적인 구조를 나타내는 평면도이다.
도 2는 도 1의 'A' 부분[운전석(122)을 포함하는 3축 짐벌(130)]의 부분 사시도이다.1 is a plan view showing a schematic structure of a tower crane 100 according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a portion 'A' of FIG. 1 (a three-axis gimbal 130 including a driver's seat 122).

이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여, 실시예에 따른 타워크레인(100)을 구체적으로 설명한다.Hereinafter, the tower crane 100 according to the embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1은 실시예에 따른 타워크레인(100)의 개략적인 구조를 나타내는 평면도이고, 도 2는 도 1의 'A' 부분[운전석(122)을 포함하는 3축 짐벌(130)]의 부분 사시도이다.1 is a plan view showing a schematic structure of a tower crane 100 according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of the 'A' portion of the FIG. 1 (three-axis gimbal 130 including the driver's seat 122) .

도 1 내지 도 2를 참조하면, 구조물(110) 및, 3축 짐벌(130)을 포함한다.1 to 2, the structure 110 and a three-axis gimbal 130 are included.

구조물(110)은 지면에 수직으로 세워지는 마스트부(112)와, 마스트부(112)의 상부(또는 상단)에 제자리 회전 가능하게 구비되는 지브부(114)로 구성된다. 지브부(114)는 물체를 소정 높이로 들어 올리는 기능을 한다.The structure 110 is composed of a mast part 112 vertically standing on the ground, and a jib part 114 rotatably provided on an upper part (or upper part) of the mast part 112. The jib unit 114 functions to lift an object to a predetermined height.

3축 짐벌(130)은 지브부(114)에 설치되고, 운전석(122)을 포함한다. 즉, 실시예에 따른 타워크레인(100)은 운적석(122)이 3축 짐벌(130)을 매개로, 구조물(110)에 설치되는 구조를 갖는다.The three-axis gimbal 130 is installed on the jib portion 114, and includes a driver's seat 122. That is, the tower crane 100 according to the embodiment has a structure in which the meteorite stone 122 is installed on the structure 110 through the 3-axis gimbal 130.

3축 짐벌(130)은 3개의 모터와 적어도 2개의 암을 포함한다. 예컨데, 한국 공개특허공보 제10-2018-0103621호에 개시된 것과 같이, 스마트폰 및 액션캠 분야에 사용되는 짐벌을 대형화한 형태일 수 있다. 3축 짐벌(130)은 이미 공지된 기술에 해당하므로, 그 원리에 대한 상세한 설명은 생략한다.The triaxial gimbal 130 includes three motors and at least two arms. For example, as disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2018-0103621, it may be a large-sized gimbal used in the field of smartphones and action cams. Since the 3-axis gimbal 130 corresponds to a known technique, detailed description of the principle will be omitted.

계속해서, 구조물(110)에는 구조물(110)의 기울기를 감지하는 제1 센서(130)가 구비될 수 있다. 제1 센서(130)의 개수는 제한되지 않는다.Subsequently, the structure 110 may be provided with a first sensor 130 that detects the inclination of the structure 110. The number of first sensors 130 is not limited.

제1 센서(130)를 포함하는 실시예에 따른 타워크레인(100)은, 제1 센서(130)에 의하여, 구조물(110)의 기울어짐이 감지될 때, 3축 짐벌(120)이 작동하여, 운전석(122)이 수평을 유지하도록 구성될 수 있다. 즉, 평상시에는 운전석(122)이 지브부(114)의 전방을 향해 고정된 채로, 지브부(114)와 함께 회전되되, 외부 충격이나 지반 붕괴 등으로 인하여, 구조물(110)이 기울어지는 위기 상황에서는, 3축 짐벌(120)에 의해, 운전석(122)의 수평 상태가 유지된다.The tower crane 100 according to the embodiment including the first sensor 130, when the inclination of the structure 110 is detected by the first sensor 130, the 3-axis gimbal 120 operates , The driver seat 122 may be configured to maintain a level. That is, in normal times, the driver's seat 122 is rotated together with the jib unit 114 while being fixed toward the front of the jib unit 114, but due to external shock or ground collapse, the structure 110 is inclined. In, the horizontal state of the driver's seat 122 is maintained by the three-axis gimbal 120.

또한, 제1 센서(130)에 의하여, 구조물(110)의 기울어짐이 감지될 때, 119 및 공사현장 상황실 등에 구조신호가 자동으로 전송되도록 구성될 수 있다.In addition, when the inclination of the structure 110 is sensed by the first sensor 130, a structure signal may be automatically transmitted to the 119 and the construction site situation room.

계속해서, 구조물(110)에는 구조물(110)로 접근하는 물체를 감지하는 제2 센서(140)가 구비될 수 있다. 제2 센서(140)의 개수는 제한되지 않는다. Subsequently, the structure 110 may be provided with a second sensor 140 that detects an object approaching the structure 110. The number of second sensors 140 is not limited.

제2 센서(140)를 포함하는 실시예에 따른 타워크레인(100)은, 제2 센서(140)에 의하여, 구조물(110)과 충돌이 예상되는 물체가 감지될 때, 3축 짐벌(120)이 작동하여, 운전석(122)이 수평 상태를 유지하도록 구성될 수 있다.The tower crane 100 according to the embodiment including the second sensor 140, when the second sensor 140 detects an object that is expected to collide with the structure 110, the 3-axis gimbal 120 By operating this, the driver's seat 122 may be configured to remain horizontal.

한편, 운전석(122)에는 비상탈출을 위한 비상문(122a)이 더 구비되고, 비상문(122a) 인근에 해당하는 운전석(122)의 외부에는 비상탈출용 윈치(122b)가 더 구비될 수 있다. 윈치(122b)는 3축 짐벌(120)과 유기적 결합관계를 가진다.On the other hand, the emergency exit 122a for emergency exit is further provided in the driver's seat 122, and an emergency exit winch 122b may be further provided outside the driver's seat 122 corresponding to the emergency exit 122a. . The winch 122b has an organic coupling relationship with the 3-axis gimbal 120.

실시예에 따른 타워크레인(100)은, 외부 충격이나 지반 붕괴 등으로 인하여, 구조물(110)이 기울어지는 위기 상황에서도, 3축 짐벌(120)에 의해, 운전석(122)의 수평 상태가 유지되며, 그에 따라, 운전석(122)에 위치한 운전자는 다양한 탈출 계획을 도모할 수 있다.Tower crane 100 according to the embodiment, due to external shock or ground collapse, even in a crisis situation where the structure 110 is tilted, the horizontal state of the driver's seat 122 is maintained by the 3-axis gimbal 120 , Accordingly, the driver located in the driver's seat 122 can plan various escape plans.

하나의 예로서, 운전석(122)의 외부에 비상탈출용 윈치(122b)가 더 구비되면, 운전자는 윈치(122b)를 이용하여, 지면에 안전하게 도달할 수 있을 것이다.As an example, if the emergency exit winch 122b is further provided outside the driver's seat 122, the driver will be able to safely reach the ground using the winch 122b.

앞서 설명된 실시예에 따른 타워크레인(100)은, 당해 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 의하여, 발명의 기술적 사상을 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 다양하게 변형(응용)될 수 있을 것이다.The tower crane 100 according to the above-described embodiment may be variously modified (applied) without departing from the technical spirit of the invention by a person skilled in the art.

따라서, 본 개시의 청구범위는 '발명의 설명' 및 '도면' 전반에 내포된 기술적 사상을 바탕으로 폭넓게 해석되어야 한다.Therefore, the claims of the present disclosure should be interpreted broadly based on the technical ideas contained throughout the description of the invention and the drawings.

100 : 타워크레인
110 : 구조물
112 : 마스트부
114 : 지브부
120 : 3축 짐벌
122 : 운전석
122a : 비상문
122b : 윈치
130 : 제1 센서
140 : 제2 센서100: tower crane
110: structure
112: mast part
114: jib section
120: 3-axis gimbal
122: driver's seat
122a: Emergency door
122b: winch
130: first sensor
140: second sensor

Claims (5)

지면에 수직으로 세워지는 마스트부와, 상기 마스트부의 상부에 회전 가능하게 구비되는 지브부로 구성된 구조물; 및,
운전석을 포함하고, 상기 지브부에 결합되는 3축 짐벌;을 포함하는, 타워크레인.
A structure composed of a mast part vertically standing on the ground and a jib part rotatably provided on the upper part of the mast part; And,
A tower crane including a driver's seat and a three-axis gimbal coupled to the jib.
제1항에 있어서,
상기 구조물에 설치되며, 상기 구조물의 기울기를 감지하는 제1 센서;를 더 포함하고,
상기 제1 센서에 의하여, 상기 구조물의 기울어짐이 감지될 때, 상기 3축 짐벌이 작동하여, 상기 운전석이 수평을 유지하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 타워크레인.
According to claim 1,
It is installed on the structure, the first sensor for detecting the tilt of the structure; further includes,
When the inclination of the structure is detected by the first sensor, the three-axis gimbal operates, characterized in that the driver's seat is configured to maintain a horizontal, tower crane.
제2항에 있어서,
상기 제1 센서에 의하여, 상기 구조물의 기울어짐이 감지될 때, 구조요청신호가 자동으로 전송되도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는, 타워크레인.
According to claim 2,
When the inclination of the structure is detected by the first sensor, the structure request signal is configured to be automatically transmitted, tower crane.
제1항에 있어서,
상기 구조물에 설치되며, 상기 구조물로 접근하는 물체를 감지하는 제2 센서;를 더 포함하고,
상기 제2 센서에 의하여, 상기 구조물과 충돌이 예상되는 물체가 감지될 때, 상기 3축 짐벌이 작동하여, 상기 운전석이 수평을 유지하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 타워크레인.
According to claim 1,
It is installed on the structure, a second sensor for detecting an object approaching the structure; further includes,
When the object is expected to collide with the structure by the second sensor, the three-axis gimbal is operated, characterized in that the driver's seat is configured to maintain a horizontal, tower crane.
제1항에 있어서,
상기 운전석의 외부에 구비되는 비상탈출용 윈치;를 더 포함하는, 타워크레인.
According to claim 1,
Further comprising, emergency escape winch provided on the outside of the driver's seat; Tower crane further comprises.
KR1020180118614A 2018-10-05 2018-10-05 Tower crane configured for emergency escape KR102102478B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020180118614A KR102102478B1 (en) 2018-10-05 2018-10-05 Tower crane configured for emergency escape

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020180118614A KR102102478B1 (en) 2018-10-05 2018-10-05 Tower crane configured for emergency escape

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR20200039131A true KR20200039131A (en) 2020-04-16
KR102102478B1 KR102102478B1 (en) 2020-04-20

Family

ID=70454524

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020180118614A KR102102478B1 (en) 2018-10-05 2018-10-05 Tower crane configured for emergency escape

Country Status (1)

Country Link
KR (1) KR102102478B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102269608B1 (en) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-24 고지광 Fixed forkrain equipped with emergency escape means

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR200315422Y1 (en) 2003-03-05 2003-06-02 한국타워크레인주식회사 Escape of tower crane
KR20120007032U (en) * 2011-04-04 2012-10-12 김경수 Lazer Scan Anti Collision System
KR101553822B1 (en) * 2015-05-13 2015-09-17 창원대학교 산학협력단 device for controlling a container sway
KR20160002122U (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-21 (주)프로테크 Protecting device for driver's safety used in tower crane
KR101800147B1 (en) 2017-03-23 2017-12-20 (주)경복타워 Tower crane with safety means
KR20180103621A (en) 2017-03-10 2018-09-19 삼성전자주식회사 Gimbal device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR200315422Y1 (en) 2003-03-05 2003-06-02 한국타워크레인주식회사 Escape of tower crane
KR20120007032U (en) * 2011-04-04 2012-10-12 김경수 Lazer Scan Anti Collision System
KR20160002122U (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-21 (주)프로테크 Protecting device for driver's safety used in tower crane
KR101553822B1 (en) * 2015-05-13 2015-09-17 창원대학교 산학협력단 device for controlling a container sway
KR20180103621A (en) 2017-03-10 2018-09-19 삼성전자주식회사 Gimbal device
KR101800147B1 (en) 2017-03-23 2017-12-20 (주)경복타워 Tower crane with safety means

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102269608B1 (en) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-24 고지광 Fixed forkrain equipped with emergency escape means

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102102478B1 (en) 2020-04-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10472214B2 (en) Crane and method for monitoring the overload protection of such a crane
EP2678261B1 (en) Lifting beam
JP2009137763A (en) Device and method for monitoring stability of construction machine
JP2009269759A (en) Moving crane and operating method of the moving crane
KR102102478B1 (en) Tower crane configured for emergency escape
JP2018070331A (en) Safety device for high lift work vehicle
JP4015158B2 (en) Crane suspended load operation display device
KR200480367Y1 (en) Collapse alarm device for temporary structure
US10703614B2 (en) Gantry for construction machine
EP3551497B1 (en) Tow truck capable to rotate vehicle in air
US10081288B1 (en) Emergency utility vehicle with high-clearance folding outriggers
KR20160002122U (en) Protecting device for driver's safety used in tower crane
CN211419403U (en) Anti-collision device for tower crane
KR102005853B1 (en) Apparatus for detecting swaying telescoping cage of tower crane
KR20070092882A (en) Life rescuing apparatus with an elevated ladder having voice alarm device
KR100257660B1 (en) Remote control system for boom or extension radder of fire truck
KR20210049287A (en) Weight balancing system, and bridge inspection vehicle used it, and weight balancing method
JP2002053292A (en) Hydraulic crane
WO2019132801A1 (en) Tow truck rotator with knuckle boom crane capable of turning the vehicle in air, mounted on the rear axis
WO2023033085A1 (en) Crane control method and crane
JPS6037329A (en) Safety device for pile driver
JP5833407B2 (en) Crane, seismic isolation method thereof, and control method of crane traversing body
JP3401468B2 (en) Safety equipment for mobile cranes
JPS6127902Y2 (en)
KR100250943B1 (en) Monitor system for fire truck

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
E701 Decision to grant or registration of patent right
GRNT Written decision to grant