KR20180136812A - All in one Solar Tracker - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dual axis control solar tracker which can be conveniently installed and operated as a rotary axis of a support unit of a system and a rotary axis of a tracker are coaxially integrated, and can reduce the maintenance costs while maximizing the efficiency as a right ascension and a declination can be directly tracked on the same axis with a single motor without using the existing sensor and the existing electronic control portion. Therefore, a small solar photovoltaic power generation system can be constructed simply through installation without an additional construction in a street lamp pole, a communication pole, etc. which are difficult to apply a solar tracker due to device characteristics as mass production is easily performed with a small compact device. Therefore, a new market can be expected.

Description

{All in one Solar Tracker}

The photovoltaic industry, which converts solar energy into electricity and harvests energy, is the most remarkable growth in the renewable energy sector due to recent technological developments, depletion of fossil fuels, and environmental pollution. The technology of this field can be broadly divided into the material field and the machine tool field. In the field of materials, many researches and developments have been made to improve the efficiency of the solar cell. In the field of machine tools, there is a light concentrator and a tracking device Various studies have been attempted.

The purpose of solar tracking system is to actively cope with the changing position of the sun and to produce power with the highest efficiency. Conventional solar tracking systems can be divided into a one-axis system that follows the direction of the sun from sunrise to sunset, and a two-axis system that tracks the sun's azimuth as well as the altitude of the sun that changes throughout the year.

The sun is characterized by the movement of the altitude of about 47 degrees throughout the year due to the circling movement and the earth revolving around each other at 15 degrees per hour due to the rotation of the earth. The movement of the earth is caused by the tilting of the earth's rotation axis about 23.5 degrees.

Since the two-axis system responds to changes in the position of the sun in accordance with the movement of the sun and the movement of the sun in real time, when compared with the fixed solar power generation system, the power generation amount is increased by more than 40% . However, since additional driver sensors and controllers are required, the initial facility costs increase, and power consumption and management for separate maintenance are required. This means that if the gain due to improved power generation efficiency is higher than the added cost, It is possible.

The two-axis system can be considered as a small-scale facility that operates directly without employing a separate manager, considering a high initial cost and maintenance cost, or a system suitable for large-scale facilities above a certain scale.

The conventional method uses an independent control of the sensors and motors to track the sun's movement and the movement of the sun, the electronic control system that tracks the sun's declination and right ascension, There are two ways to track the declination and right ascension of the sun.

In the present invention, it is possible to track the right ascension and declination of the sun by a coaxial multi-stage deceleration method on a single rotation axis without using an electronic control method in order to track the circumferential movement and the movement of the sun, The purpose of the tracking device is to implement.

Since the celestial body is operated very regularly like a highly precise clock, it realizes one day rotation with proper deceleration by using a motor that rotates at a constant speed, and by taking the rotation for one year, it can take out the rotation synchronized with the one- .

The sun tracking system is constructed in which the mechanism part and the rotating shaft are integrated by pulling the above-mentioned circumferential motion of the decelerator and tracking the direction of the sun and extracting the performance motion to track the altitude of the sun.

Since the sun tracking device according to the present invention is designed as a mount-integrated type, it is possible to reduce the high initial equipment cost due to the complexity of the structure of the two-axis control system, Since it is configured to track the declination at the same time, the efficiency is maximized and the maintenance cost is reduced.

As it is compact and compact, it is easy to mass-produce. Therefore, it is possible to build a small photovoltaic power generation system only by installation without additional work in a street lighting company, which was difficult to apply due to the characteristics of the device.

As the micro solar tracker can be constructed as needed, it is possible to provide more independent and stable independent power supply from the Internet IoT sensor of things.

1 is a schematic view of a solar tracker according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a view of the equatorial plane
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a sun-
Fig. 4 shows a hollow coaxial gear-
5 is a detailed view of the coaxial multi-
Figure 6 is an exploded view of a solar tracking system according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a view showing a state in which the circumferential movement-
FIG. 8 is a cross-
FIG. 9 is a cross-
FIG. 10 shows the right ascension and declination index
Figure 11 is an exemplary illustration of a solar tracker according to the present invention.
12 is a view showing an embodiment of a solar tracker according to the present invention

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The shape and numerical values of the length, the area, and the like expressed in the drawings may be partially exaggerated or omitted in order to explain the gist of the present invention. The definitions of the terms used in the present invention are defined by considering functions in the present invention This may vary depending on the intention or the convention of the user, and therefore, it should be based on the contents throughout this specification.

As shown in FIG. 3, every star on the celestial sphere performs a circumferential movement that rotates the concentric circles centered on the north polar orbit around the polar axis every day, due to the rotation of the earth when viewed from the viewpoint of the earth observer. Unlike other stars, the sun is moved by the addition of an orbit that changes the decay of the sun, giving the earth an orbital period due to the tangent axis of the Earth's tilted axis. This is called the performance movement of the sun. Detailed description is omitted because it is described in detail in the textbook of the middle school course.

As a result, the sun moves in the direction of the polar axis at 15 degrees per hour from the center of the polar axis, and travels in a combined motion that travels up and down 23.5 degrees per year periodically based on the orbit perpendicular to the central axis.

In other words, the solar tracking system of the present invention has a rotation axis of the system installed parallel to the axis of rotation of the earth, and the solar panel vertically attached to the rotation axis while performing one-by-one movement of one rotation per day has a slope of 23.5 degrees It means that the system changes by 47 degrees. This is very similar to the driving method of the equatorial mount used in the astronomical observation shown in Fig.

The solar tracking system according to the present invention is characterized in that it is driven by a single motor without using a sensor and an electronic control unit. The solar tracking system includes a deceleration unit that decelerates the rotation of the synchronous motor at a constant rate, An azimuth tracker to take out, and an altitude tracker to take out a performance movement.

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show the sun tracking system decelerator of the present invention. Constant speed motors to be used as power supply and time reference can be selected in various ways. In the embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that a constant speed BLDC motor of 5400 RPM used in a hard disk of a computer is used among various commonly used synchronous motors to help understand the explanation. The spindle gear 101 of the constant-speed motor 100 is connected to a single-stage cam gear 102 circumscribing the spindle gear 101 and rotates the cam 103 formed on the upper end of the single-stage cam gear 102. In this embodiment, since the deceleration ratio of 3: 1 is set, the first-stage cam gear rotates at 1800 RPM. The one-stage cycloid gear 105 coaxially circumscribed with the cam 103 of the first-stage cam gear is decelerated again while oscillating between the fixed first-gear gear 104 which is coaxially circumscribed and fixed thereto. In the present embodiment, since the number of teeth of the first stage cyclone gear 105 is made up of 45 combined gears of the lower 40 gears, the speed ratio of the lower stage is 40: 1 so that the first stage cycloid gear 105 rotates at 45 RPM . The upper part of the first-stage cycloconveyor gear 105 decelerates and drives the second-stage cam gear 106. Since the number of upper teeth is 45, the second-stage cam gear 106 rotates at 1 RPM.

The two-stage cycloid gear 108 coaxially circumscribed with the two-stage cam gear 106 in the same manner is decelerated again while oscillating between the fixed second internal gear 107 circumscribed by itself coaxially. In the present embodiment, the number of teeth of the two-stage cycloid gear 108 is made up of 36 combined gears of the lower 40 gears, so that the speed reduction ratio is 40: 1 at the bottom, . The upper portion of the two-stage cycloid gear 108 causes the three-stage cam gear 109 to be decelerated to be driven. Since the upper portion of the two-stage cycloid gear 108 has 36 teeth, the three-stage cam gear 109 rotates at 1/1440 RPM. Since the 24 hour is 1440 minutes, the three-stage cam gear 109 is exactly one rotation per day, which is consistent with the circling cycle of the sun.

In the same way, the three-stage cycloid gear 111 coaxially circumscribed with the three-stage cam gear 109 is decelerated again while oscillating between the fixed third tertiary gear 110 circumscribed by itself. In the present embodiment, the number of teeth of the three-stage cycloid gear 111 is made up of 14 combined gears on the bottom 26, so that the reduction gear ratio of 26: 1 is provided at the bottom, / day). The upper portion of the three-stage cycloid gear 111 constituted by the multifunction device is driven to decelerate the fourth internal gear 112. Since the upper portion of the three-speed cycle gear 111 has fourteen teeth, the fourth-order internal gear 112 rotates at 1/364 RPD. Since one year is 365 days, it can be understood that the fourth internal gear 112 performs a similar movement with the sun's playing motion and the one-day error. When this error is converted to the solar altitude angle change, it is 47 degrees / 365 days, so it is less than 0.13 degree. The effect on power generation efficiency is negligibly small. Considering the 4-year cycle of a leap year or the cycle of replacing parts such as bearings, it can be seen that the error is small enough to correct at the basic inspection time.

The rotation period of the three-stage cam gear 109 in the above-described reduction gear unit is 24 hours, so that the one-way gears 200 and 210 in which the rotation shaft is added to the three-stage cam gear 109 as shown in Figs. You can track the direction of the sun using. In a particular case where there is no problem in rotational motion, such as when it is installed at the tip of a tower, it is possible to simply finish using the rotating one-way gear 200, but in most cases it is necessary to track the sun during the day and to return to the night So that it can be solved by using the reciprocating one-way gear 210 in this case.

An internal gear 211 provided at the upper end of a rotating circular one-way gear 210, a transmission gear lower end 212 rotating in contact therewith, and a circular cam gear 213 connected to the transmission gear upper 212 and rotating, do. The rotation of the one-way circular motion in the circular-motion circular gear 210 is changed to the circular-arc reciprocating motion due to the link 215 connected to the cam follower 214 attached to the circular cam gear 213. 8, the angular velocity of the transmission gear 212 rotates at twice the angular velocity of the reciprocating gear 210. However, the angular velocity of the cam gear 213 is equal to the angular velocity of the reciprocating one- Is coincident with the angular speed of the second motor (210). The rotation shaft of the transmission gear 212, the cam gear 213, the link 215 and the reciprocating gear 217 is drawn out from the fixed center shaft 400, so that stable driving is ensured.

The rotation of the one-way cam gear 213 is converted into a reciprocating motion through the link 215 and transmitted to the reciprocating gear 217 through the rack gear 218 having a suitable radius of curvature, In this case, the reciprocating rotation angle of the one rotation shaft 220 can be adjusted appropriately by a combination of the radius of curvature of the reciprocating gear 217 and the radius of curvature of the rack gear 218. In this example, a rotational angle of 180 degrees is realized with a radius of curvature of about 3: 1. Since the decelerator according to the present invention is characterized by the hollow coaxial multi-stage deceleration system, the center shaft 400 through the central hollow serves as a center shaft of the reducer and is firmly connected to the one main shaft 220 ), It is advantageous to prevent a vertical load on a component such as a speed reducer to ensure smooth driving.

The rotation period of the fourth order internal gear 112 is 364 days in the decelerating device described above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 9, when the cylindrical gear 310 is inserted into the fourth internal gear 112, ) Can be used to track the altitude of the sun. The rotating cylindrical cam 310 formed at the upper end of the percussion gear 300 causes the slider 320 and the rail 340 to move upward and downward through the cam poles 330 attached to the four sliders 320 do. The rail 340 moves the play handle 350 of the PV mount 500 mounted on the one main shaft 220 up and down to track the altitude of the sun. Since the change in altitude of the sun is 23.5 degrees upward and downward from the equinox and the valley, this angle can be solved by designing the height of the cylindrical cam 310 by appropriately adjusting the geometry.

It is necessary to match the date and time with the system in the assembly process of the system or in the correction process of the right declination and right ascension as shown in Fig. The altitude or declination correction of the sun can correct the date through the indexes 451 and 452 displayed on the cylindrical cam 310 and the slider 320. As an example of a Bourneial caliper, you can fine-tune it with a simple scale using the mother scale with 24 seasons and the son scale with date. The orientation of the sun, that is, the right eye correction, is likewise precisely adjusted with a simple scale in the same way through the index 454 drawn on the one-way cam gear 213 and the index 453 drawn out from the fixed rotational axis of the one- Can be calibrated.

The deceleration section of the present invention can flexibly change the deceleration ratio according to the specification of the motor and the first stage cam gear 102 and the first internal gear 104 which relatively rotate at high speed move to the section of the constant speed motor 100 By designing, a further improved structure can be achieved. This system is characterized in that the rotation of the motor is taken out through an efficient hollow multi-stage speed reducer, and a shaft having a rotation period of 1 day and a rotation cycle of 1 year are extracted from an extremely large torque. Therefore, Or planetary gears.

Since the driving unit of the present invention requires a motor that operates continuously during the year, stable supply of power is very important. In order to solve this problem, in this system, a separate battery pack is installed in the balance weight 450 installed in the system, so that it is possible to supply stable power for necessary situations such as nighttime in which power is not produced, Respectively.

As shown in FIG. 1, the present system is expected to be able to exert its greatest value particularly in the field of small-sized solar light, as an integrated solar tracker completed by simply attaching the system to a mount parallel to the rotation axis of the earth.

100: drive motor 101: spindle gear
102: one-stage cam gear 103: cam
104: primary internal gear 105: one-stage cycloid gear
106: Two-stage cam gear 107: Second internal gear
108: Two-speed cycle gear 109: Three-speed cam gear
110: tertiary internal gear 111: three-speed cycloid gear
112: fourth internal gear
200: rotating one-way gear 210: one-way reciprocating gear
211: internal gear 212: transmission gear
213: 1st cam gear 214: cam follower
215: Link 216: Thrust bearing
217: a reciprocating gear 218: a rack gear
220: Sun spindle 230: Thrust bearing
300: rotation-driving gear 310: cylindrical cam
320: playing slider 330: cam polo
340: rail 350: playing handle
400: center axis 450: counterweight
451: declination index 452: declination index
453: Raising index 454: Raising index
480: PV Mount
500: Sun shaft

Claims (8)

As shown in the representative drawings, the center axis 400 supporting the structure of the apparatus can be simply used by simply setting the axis of rotation of the earth and the axis of the main shaft 220 parallel to each other. (Figure 7) and a playing motion portion (Figure 9) driven directly by being pulled out and driven directly from the pitching gear (200, 210) 2-axis solar tracking system
The solar module according to claim 1, wherein the central axis (400) comprises a sun spindle (220) including a sun shaft (500), a PV mount (480), a balance weight (450) And at the same time, supports the elements constituting the multi-speed reduction gear, and does not transmit a vertical load, thereby ensuring smooth driving.
[7] The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direct sun tracking unit is driven as shown in FIG. 7 by the rotation center gear 200 with one main shaft 220 having a rotation period reduced to 24 hours, And the sun tracking unit is driven through the one main shaft (220) after converting the one rotation movement to the one rotation movement in the reciprocating one-way gear (210).
The solar tracking system according to claim 3, wherein the reciprocating rotation angle of the one rotation shaft (220) is appropriately adjustable by a combination of the curvature radius of the reciprocating gear (217) and the curvature radius of the rack gear (218).
The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of: rotating the circumferential surface of the cylinder (310) in accordance with rotation of the percussion gear (300) The rail 340 attached to the slider 320 by the cam reciprocates at an angle of 23.5 degrees up and down with respect to the center of the rail surface and a structure that rotates along the rail 340 reciprocating upward and downward A solar tracking system (100) having a structure in which a performance handle (350) of a sun shaft (500) assembled to a main shaft (220)
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the indexes (451) and (452) shown on the cylindrical cam (310) and the slider (320) Through the indexes (453) and (454) drawn out from the fixed axis of rotation of the gear (213) and the circumferential cam gear (213).
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the performance indexes (451) and (452) are used to precisely calibrate the performance indexes (451, 452) (453) (454) A solar tracking system having an index structure that can be precisely calibrated with a simple scale using a graduation indicating the time and the minute mark indicating the minute.
The balance weight (450) according to claim 1, wherein the balance weight (450) installed in the system has a built-in battery pack to satisfy the function of the weight and also drives the motor (100) A sun tracking system having a structure that enables stable driving even in the absence of power supply such as nighttime that is not produced.

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