KR20180095954A - Yarns, high wear resistance fabrics and objects made therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to yarns and fabrics comprising nylon staple fibers and high-tactile cellulose staple fibers, and garments made therefrom, and provides specific criteria for fabrics with high wear resistance while maintaining high comfort.

Description

YARNS, HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE FABRICS AND OBJECTS MADE THEREFROM < RTI ID = 0.0 >

The present invention relates to yarns and fabrics containing nylon staple fibers and high strength synthetic cellulosic fibers and to articles such as clothing, bedding or upholstery made therefrom, , And also provides a particular reference to a fabric with high wear resistance while maintaining a high degree of satisfaction.

It has been found that some types of work clothes, including those used in high wear conditions, wear very quickly. This is especially true in the case of work clothes for use in trowel conditions. It has been known that cellulosic fibers such as cotton, viscose rayon or Lyocell can be made into garments with high satisfaction. This is because the garment absorbs moisture and has a cool touch. However, pure cellulose-based fiber fibers do not have high abrasion resistance.

Wear resistance in fabrics and garments is measured by the Martindale test, which in this patent application is always given by the number of rubs until two threads are broken. This is a standard fabric test, details of which are described in ASTM D4966-98 and ISO 12947.

The 50% / 50% cotton / polyester fabric has good satisfaction, but has abrasion resistance of 20,000 to 50,000 rub (rub) depending on the fabric structure, weight and the like. However, this is insufficient for extreme requirements such as desert. It is also known that the abrasion resistance of a cotton containing fabric can be increased by making a cotton / nylon fabric. The fabric used by the US Army for desert camouflage is a 50% / 50% cotton / nylon fabric known as NyCo with a Martine Dale abrasion greater than 80,000 rub.

The fabric also requires adequate tear strength. Tear strength is the force required to start or continue tearing in the fabric under certain conditions. Details of these tear strength tests are described in ASTM D-2261, ASTM D-2262 and BS EN ISO 13937.

The instructions are set according to the required performance. For example, U.K. Tear strengths of warp 28N and weft 20N are required for 2 x 1 twill polyester / cotton batts according to the instructions. The so-called ripstop fabric can have different requirements, for example 25N slope and 60N weft.

Lyocell is a common name for artificial cellulosic fabrics that are produced without the formation of derivatives from aqueous solutions of cellulose in aqueous organic compounds, usually N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO). The lyocell has a much higher toughness than the specified viscosity. Whitelocells in the conditioned state usually exhibit a fracture toughness of about 37 cN / tex and normal viscosities under the same conditions exhibit a fracture toughness of less than 25 cN / tex, but are highly dependent on individual manufacturing processes.

Nylon -6.6 for comparison has a fracture toughness of about 56 cN / tex and the cotton has a fracture toughness of about 25 cN / tex.

In addition to the cotton and nylon fabrics used by the US Army, any nylon / lyocell fabric was produced based on experience. These nylon / leucel fabrics were produced by weaving leucel warp with nylon wefts of continuous filaments. The lyocell is made of yarn so that it can be woven or knitted to be produced as staple fibers and made into garments, but this is not the case for nylon. Many nylons are formed as continuous filament materials formed of weft yarns. The warp is actually a thread set that is wound around the cylinder and placed on the loom before weaving begins. Weft threads are often passed back and forth through slopes using shuttles. The warp needs to be formed before weaving begins and the warp of continuous nylon filaments can be used. The empirical fabric is formed by weaving a lyocell thread as a weft through a continuous filament nylon slope. Such fabrics were not commercially used at any scale and were only empirically formed. Nylon staple fibers, i.e. extruded and nylon staple fibers cut to a limited length after being made of yarn, are never used in these applications.

Other artificial cellulosic fibers other than lyocell are modal produced by the deformation viscous process. Modal exhibits a fracture toughness of about 35 cN / tex in a conditioned state, so this is also a high tear strength artificial cellulose fiber. According to BISFA regulations, modal fibers are cellulose fibers with high breaking force and high wet modulus. In the conditioned condition, the destructive force (B _C ) of the modal fiber is B _C (cN) ≥ 1.3 T + 2T. The force (B _m ) required to produce a 5% stretch in the wet state of the modal fiber is B _m (cN) ≥ 0.5√T. T is the average linear density in decitex units.

Mixtures of lyocell and modal are also known on the market, but so far they have not been sold in bulk.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a fabric having a good balance between the comfort of a wearer made of a fabric and good wear and tear resistance. It should be easy to achieve good levels of comfort and good wear and tear resistance. However, it is much more difficult to achieve all in the fabric because the fabric characteristics required for good comfort and the fabric characteristics required for good wear and tear resistance are often mutually exclusive.

Another preferred object of the present invention is to provide a fabric which can be uniformly dyed with dyes generally used for dyeing uniforms, having infrared (IR) reflection properties that can control the gastrointestinal properties applied to military uniforms will be.

The known FR finishes usually considerably reduce the mechanical properties of the fabric comprising the cellulose fibers. It is therefore a further desirable object of the present invention to provide a fabric that can be treated with a flame retarding (FR) finish, such as Proban (TM), without significantly high strength and loss of wear resistance.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a yarn that can be used to fabricate fabrics having the aforementioned characteristics.

The present invention provides a yarn comprising a yarn formed in intimate blend of a nylon staple fiber and a tough, artificial cellulose staple fiber, and the like. Preferably, the tough, artificial cellulose staple fibers exhibit a fracture toughness of greater than 32 cN / tex in the conditioned state.

The yarn may comprise 10 to 75% of nylon and the fabric may comprise 10 to 50% of nylon. Preferably, the balance in each case is a high tough artificial cellulose fiber, or, in any case, the fabric formed from said yarn should comprise at least 50% tough artificial cellulose fiber.

The term nylon used in the present invention refers to a plastic group known as polyimide. Nylons are represented by the amide group (CONH) and include, for example, nylon 4,6; Nylon-6, Nylon 6,6; Nylon 12; And nylon 6,12. All are suitable, but Nylon-6 and Nylon-6,6 are preferred.

More preferably, the nylon and high tough artificial cellulose fibers all have an average linear density in units of the same or nearly similar dtex. For example, 1.7 or 1.4 dtex lyocell fibers can be mixed with 1.7 or 2.0 dtex nylon fibers. In general, a similar average linear density means an average density difference of less than 50% between two fibers.

The staple fiber lengths of nylon and high tearing artificial cellulose fibers can be the same or very similar. For example, a 38 mm staple cell fiber may be mixed with 35 to 40 mm nylon staple, preferably 38 mm staple fibers. In general, a similar fiber length means that the length between two fibers is less than 15%.

Said high toughness artificial cellulose fibers are preferably lyocell staple fibers, modal staple fibers or mixtures thereof.

As well as lyocell, modal has higher fracture toughness than other cellulose including cotton. They also have a high wet strength. Therefore, a great effect can be expected on the tear resistance of the fabric. However, since nylon still has a higher fracture toughness, those skilled in the art will expect that as the amount of nylon is reduced, the tear resistance to the fabric including nylon and high toughness synthetic cellulose fibers will also decrease. Thus, those skilled in the art will only mix the amount of cellulose fibers necessary to provide sufficient comfort to the wearer.

Surprisingly, however, it has been found that the tear strength of the resulting fabric is increased by the increase in the amount of high-tearing artificial cellulose fibers. Thus, a fabric formed from a yarn by mixing a high-tearing artificial cellulose staple fiber and a nylon staple fiber has high tensile strength and can obtain strength from both nylon fiber and high-tear artificial cellulose fiber.

It has also been found that these two staple nylons and staples should be used to form yarns in order to obtain benefits for high-grade artificial cellulosic fibers.

When the artificial cellulose fiber is blended with nylon, it is not advantageous if the nylon exceeds 20%. Abrasion resistance, tensile strength and tear strength reach very linearly all at levels suitable for high performance applications.

The high tear strength artificial cellulose fibers are artificial celluloses including dull fibers, i.e., matting agents, such as TiO ₂ . This can provide some advantages such as an improved UV protection effect for use in the desert region.

The high-tear artificial cellulose fiber may be a bright fiber, i.e., a high-tough artificial cellulose fiber that does not contain a quencher.

A fabric comprising yarns as described above by the present invention is also provided.

In addition, the present invention also provides a fabric comprising yarns formed by intimate blending of nylon staple fibers and high tough artificial cellulose staple fibers. The fabric according to the present invention may comprise 10% to 50% nylon. Preferably, the fabric is a woven fabric and comprises warp and weft yarns.

The fabric may have a basis weight in the range of 100 to 500 g / m2, preferably 120 to 300 g / m2, more preferably 180 to 250 g / m2.

The fabric may be a twill fabric and may be a 2 x 1 twill. It may also be a different configuration, for example a plain fabric.

Preferably, the fabric has a Martindale abrasion resistance of at least 60,000 rubs, preferably at least 100,000 rubs, and has a tear resistance of at least 20 newtons, preferably at least 30 Newtons.

Since the fabrics according to the present invention are mainly used in military and workwear, they can be treated by various finishes such as print dyes, FR finishes or IR finishes. Depending on the general experience, these finishes can affect the original properties of the fiber or yarn. However, if, for example, a Proban (R) FR finish is applied to the top of the fabric according to the present invention, the strength is substantially maintained. The tensile and tear strength is reduced by about 10 to 15%, but the abrasion is maintained above 100,000.

The Proban < (R) > process is based on the application of THPC (tetra-kishydroxymethylphosphonium chloride) with elements to produce pre-condensates. This pre-condensate is attached to the fabric to dry the fabric to ~ 15% moisture. The fabric is then exposed to ammonia vapor in a particular reaction chamber. Such processes are well known to those skilled in the art. Chemicals and their instructions are available from Rhodia.

A similar suitable FR finish is a Pyrovatex (TM) finish known to be applicable to cellulosic fibers such as modal or lyocell. Pyrovatex TM is a durable force produced by the use of N-methyldimethylphosphonopropionamide combined with phosphoric acid and trimethylolmelamine as catalyst in a pad-dry-cure-process Porous-containing finish. Chemicals and their instructions are available from Huntsman.

Due to the intended use, the yarn according to the invention can also be used for knitting. The resulting knit fabric exhibits very high burst strength combined with good wearing comfort. The abrasion resistance of the knitted fabric exhibits the same dependency on the mixing ratio of cellulose / nylon than in the woven fabric. Since the construction of the knitted fabric is more open, the abrasion resistance as measured by the Martin Dale test is generally lower than that of the woven fabric. Nonetheless, in many applications there is a high demand for wear comfort and elasticity in particular, but knit construction is required when it is to be combined with any durability requirements, for example, for a suit. At least 25,000 rubs of abrasion resistance is sufficient for these applications.

The fabric according to the invention can be used for the production of work clothes, dress suits or jerseys. Due to their good abrasion resistance, they can be used for office chairs or sheets in transportation equipment such as furniture cover fabrics, cars, carriages, trains or airplanes. The FR finish can also be applied to the cover fabric according to the present invention. Non-durable FR chemicals known to those skilled in the art, particularly diamond phosphates or aluminum sulphates or aluminum bromides, such as borax and mixtures of aluminum salts, which are strong acids, are also applicable for such purposes. Another area of application of the fabrics according to the invention is the production of bedclothes for hospitals and hotels, in particular for industrial laundry equipment used for washing.

One possibility to further increase the good properties of the products according to the invention is to use chitosan-bonded lyocell fibers already known from WO 2004/007818 and Austrian utility model AT 008 388 U2. This will provide improved skin compatibility as well as antimicrobial function.

Another possibility is the combination of a finishing, as described above, and in particular a rheocell fiber with a chitosan bonded FR finish, such as Proban (R) or Pyrovatex (R). This will be done in applications where the fabric must have two particularly advantageous properties.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a garment comprising a fabric as described above. Such a garment may preferably be a suit, a suit or a uniform, or any other kind of garment, which may also be representative of the characteristics of the fabric.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a cover or bedclothes including such a fabric as well as furniture comprising such a cover.

1 is a graph showing the results of the GATS-test.

The present invention will be described later by examples. These examples do not limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Examples 1 to 6:

A commercially available PA-6.6 staple fiber having a titer of 2.0 dtex and a cut length of 38 mm was used with a commercially available tencel [TENCEL < (R) >) with a titer of 1.4 dtex and a cut length of 38 mm. ] ≪ / RTI > fiber, and made of yarn Nm 1/26 (Ne 1/15), and the mixing ratios are shown in Table 1.

The yarn was further processed by weaving a 2 x 1 twill having a weight of 249 g / m 2 and 32 ends and 24 picks. The woven fabrics were then subjected to sizing, desizing, scouring, drying, heat set at 205 占 폚, printing to satisfy military IR reflections and finishing to have FC water repellency do. These methods are well known to those skilled in the art.

Tear strength in both the warp direction as well as the warp direction was measured and the Martindale test was applied to each so called finish fabric.

Yes TENSEAL / PA
Ratio [W / W] tenacity
Yarn [cN / tex] Tear strength
Weft [N] Tear strength
Slope [N] Martin Dale
[rubs] One 100/0 25,4 18 30 20,000 2 90/10 24,0 25 32 65,000 3 80/20 23,3 26 42 > 100,000 4 70/30 22,0 28 40 > 100,000 5 60/40 20,9 28 42 > 100,000 6 50/50 20,4 29 45 > 100,000

It can be clearly seen from Table 1 that the greatest improvement in the mechanical properties of the fabric when increasing the nylon content from 0 to 20%. In practice, important values have been obtained, and increasing the amount of nylon further only slightly improved results. The Martin Dale test was discontinued when it reached a value of 100.000 rubs for economic reasons.

For the fabrics from Examples 1, 3, 4 and 5, a GATS-test was applied that provides a sense of the rate at which perspiration disappears from the wearer's body. The graph is shown in Fig. The trend of the graph generally indicates that the higher the content of the tencel, the faster the water content (the slope of the graph) and the greater the volume (the height of the graph) that can be maintained. Speed is the key point.

Examples 7 to 9:

2 x 1 twill was formed into a Ne 1/15 yarn containing a 70% / 30% (w / w) mixture of tandem / PA-6,6 fibers according to Example 1. The weight and finish vary according to Table 2, but the process is the same as in Examples 1 to 6.

In Example 8, the conventional Proban (TM) treatment was applied first. A different fabric configuration was formed in Example 9, but the same yarn as Example 7 was used.

Yes Configuration
[End / peak] Fabric weight
[g / ㎡] Tear strength
Weft [N] Tear strength
Slope [N] Martin Dale
[rubs] caution 7 39/22 205 35 27 > 100,000 - 8 39/22 205 27 21 > 100,000 Proban FR Finish 9 30/20 179 36 31 > 100,000 Lightweight

It can be seen that all three fabrics according to the present invention meet the British Norm for 28 cN (warp), 20 cN (weft) and 45.000 Martindale tests (rubs). The fabric of Example 8 also passed the EN 532 flame retardant test.

Example 10:

A 2xl lips twill having a 30 end / 22 peak and 180 g / m < 2 > was formed of the 70/30 yarn of Example 4, but has 350f / 136 nylon filament ripstops for every 9 peaks. Table 3 shows a comparison with the British Standard for Lipstop Fabrics.

Yes Tear strength
Slope [N] Tear strength
Weft [N] Martin Dale test
[rubs] Air permeability
[l / ㎡ sec] canon 25 60 30,000 2000 10 39 > 50
Non-tearable > 100,000 415

Examples 11 to 13:

A single jersey was cut using a ring yarn comprising the same fibers as used in Examples 2 to 6 with various compositions summarized in Table 4. The knit fabric was dyed with a common reactive dye.

Yes Tensile / PA 6.6 ratio
[w / w] Martin Dale test
[rubs] 11 100/0 13,000 12 95/5 18,000 13 90/10 28,500

A significant increase in abrasion resistance was observed by adding a small amount of nylon as in a woven fabric.

Example 14:

The yarn was formed as in Example 3, except that instead of the normal tentile fiber, a lyocell fiber (containing Lenzel AG containing 0,5% (w / w) in the fiber) containing 1,4 dtex chitosan C "). The ratio of tenter C: PA 6.6 was 80% / 20% (w / w). These yarns were treated with 2 x 1 Twill weighing 203 g / m 2. The measured properties are summarized in Table 5.

Example 15:

The yarns were formed in Example 3, but instead of the tentered fibers, 1,4 dtex modal fibers made by Lenzing AG were used. Modal: The ratio of PA 6,6 was 80% / 20% (w / w). This yarn was treated with a 2 x 1 twill weighing 212 g / m 2. The measured properties are summarized in Table 5.

Yes Tear strength
Slope [N] Tear strength
Weft [N] Martin Dale test
[rubs] Air permeability
[l / ㎡ sec] 14 45 45 84,000 326 15 39 30 75,000 352

Claims (21)

For yarns made with an intimate blend of both types of fibers,
The first type of fiber is a nylon staple fiber and the second type of fiber is a high-toughness artificial cellulose staple fiber having a fracture toughness of more than 32 cN / tex in a conditioned state, and the content of the nylon staple fiber in the intimate blend is 10 To 75%. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 >
yarn.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the length of the nylon staple fiber and the length of the cellulose staple fiber are the same or the difference between the lengths of the nylon staple fiber and the cellulose staple fiber is 15%
yarn.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the cellulose staple fiber is a lyocell staple fiber, a modal staple fiber, or a mixture thereof.
yarn.
The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that said nylon material is selected from the group consisting of nylon-4,6, nylon-6, nylon-6,6, nylon-12 and nylon-6,12.
yarn.
The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the nylon material is nylon-6 or nylon-6,6.
yarn.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Characterized in that the yarns are used in the manufacture of a fabric comprising at least 50% high-tough artificial cellulose staple fibers.
yarn.
A yarn according to any one of the preceding claims,
fabric.
8. The method of claim 7,
Characterized in that the fabric comprises 10 to 50% nylon.
fabric.
8. The method of claim 7,
Characterized in that the fabric is a woven fabric comprising yarns according to claim 1 in both warp and weft.
fabric.
8. The method of claim 7,
Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 60,000 rubs < / RTI >
fabric.
8. The method of claim 7,
Characterized in that it exhibits a tear resistance of at least 20 tonnes,
fabric.
8. The method of claim 7,
Characterized in that the fabric has a basis weight of 100 to 500 g / m < 2 &
fabric.
8. The method of claim 7,
Characterized in that the fabric is a knitted fabric.
fabric.
14. The method of claim 13,
Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > martindale < / RTI > abrasion resistance of at least 25,000 rubs.
fabric.
8. The method of claim 7,
FR finish. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 >
fabric.
16. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 15,
Characterized in that the fabric is used in the manufacture of work clothes, dress suits or jerseys.
fabric.
16. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 15,
Characterized in that the fabric is used in the manufacture of furniture, office chairs, or covers for automotive, train or aircraft seats.
fabric.
16. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 15,
Characterized in that the fabric is used in the production of bedding for hospitals and hotels,
fabric.
A fabric according to any one of claims 7 to 15,
clothing.
A fabric according to any one of claims 7 to 15,
Bedding.
Furniture for use in transportation equipment, including upholstery,
17. A fabric as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 15 as an upholstery fabric,
Furniture for use in transport equipment, including upholstery.

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