KR20170122612A - Composition and its manufacturing method for sports nutrition comprising of Trigonella foenum-graecum extract and ferulic acid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for sports nutrition for improving sports performing ability which contains a Trigonella foenumgraecum extract and ferulic acid as active ingredients and to a method for manufacturing the same. A complex composition of the Trigonella foenumgraecum extract and ferulic acid of the present invention exhibits effects of significantly improving endurance of swimming and treadmill exercise and rapidly reducing lactic acid which is a substance in blood causing fatigue and thus can be advantageously used as a composition for sports nutrition for improving sports performing ability. In addition, the Trigonella foenumgraecum extract of the present invention is a safe natural plant resource which has been traditionally used as food, and the ferulic acid is a raw material which is safely used as a food additive in many countries and has almost no side effects. Therefore, the complex composition of the present invention can be advantageously used as a composition for sports nutrition. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: drying and grinding Trigonella foenumgraecum; obtaining an extract; obtaining the Trigonella foenumgraecum extract by concentrating the extract; and adding ferulic acid to the Trigonella foenumgraecum extract.

Description

[Technical Field] The present invention relates to a sports composition containing a fenugreek extract and a ferulic acid, and a method for producing the composition,

The present invention relates to a composition for sports and a method for producing the composition, and a composite composition for a functional sport for improving the exercise performance and a quick fatigue recovery, And a method for producing the same.

Technological and technological developments in motor skills, techniques, and training that are performed to improve performance in various competitive sports such as soccer, basketball, and volleyball, as well as in athletics, gymnastics, and other competitive sports have resulted in continuous and intensive training And adequate amount of rest is required, but sufficient nutrition before and after training is also important as well as training part. However, a variety of functional nutritional supplements other than dietary supplements have emerged in order to limit the nutritional supply through food, to exercise more effectively, or to recover fast fatigue after exercise or to promote health. However, Verification is unclear.

In addition, the exercise capacity is improved if the fatigue is not fully recovered (Lee, 1994). In addition, the exercise capacity is improved by increasing the strength and quantity of training rationally and increasing the adaptability of the human body to the exercise load. Muscle soreness, joint pain, dryness, insomnia, and helplessness (Choi, Suk Won, 1992). Therefore, how fast you recover accumulated fatigue during and after exercise becomes a key factor in improving your fitness.

Fatigue is a process of sustaining high-intensity exercise that provides sustained stimulation to the body to produce energy such as hydrogen ion (H +), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ammonia, lactic aicd, It is caused by accumulating various physiological metabolites based on metabolism process. This fatigue is characterized by a state of mental and physical dysfunction accompanied by continuous and repetitive mental or physical work (Ahn, Pil, et al., 1989) and the loss of the ability to exert the temporary power required to perform physical activity (Simon & Weiser, 1976; Asmussen, 1979), and can be defined as failure to maintain a given strength or required force (Edward, 1983). Eliminating these causes of fatigue is called fatigue recovery. In other words, elimination of by-products accumulated by metabolism during exercise, supplementation of consumed energy sources, restoration of homeostasis, and restoration of central nervous fatigue are referred to as fatigue recovery (Lee, 1994)

In particular, rapid recovery of lactic acid and other fatigue substances during the recovery period after exercise is very important in that it can prevent the decrease in exercise performance caused by accumulation of fatigue substances in the body due to exercise and can continue the new exercise. The rapid removal of lactic acid, a representative fatigue substance due to excessive exercise, can increase the ability to rapidly recover from fatigue and exercise performance (Bourdin et al., 2004; Hansen et al., 2005; Fate et al., 2002).

There are many ways to increase this exercise performance. In particular, many of the general public who exercise for health promotion, including professional athletes and professional athletes, have a special interest in exercising, in order to improve exercise performance or to obtain maximum effect from exercise, In particular, many nutritional supplements are used in terms of nutrition. A number of studies have been conducted on ergogenic aids, ie, supplements for improving exercise performance. Among them, ginseng and red ginseng are not only harmless to the human body, but also have been attracting much attention due to their superior efficacy and pluralism. Especially, in the field of sports physiology, nutrition and medicine, (Hwang In-kyung, 1988).

As described above, in addition to reports on compositions containing plant extracts such as ginseng and red ginseng, the composite composition containing both the fenugreek extract and ferulic acid in the present invention exhibits a synergistic effect, thereby improving the exercise performance, The present invention has been accomplished.

[Prior Art Literature]

- Non-Patent Document -

Lee, Jonggak et al., Literature Review on Causes and Recovery Methods of Exercise Fatigue, Journal of Physical Education Science, 6 (4), 39-69 (1994)

Choi, Suk Won, Effects of Sports Massage on Recovery after Exercise, Master's Thesis, Graduate School, Kookmin University (1992)

Ahn, Young-pil and others, scientific training guidance, Ministry of Physical Education (1989)

Simon E & Weiser P, Physiological aspects and Physiological correlates of work capacity and fatigue. Charles C, prings-field, IL (1976)

Asmussen E, Muscle fatigue. Med scisports, 11, 313-321 (1979)

Edward RHT, Biochemical bases of fatigue in exercise performance: Catastrope theory of muscular fatigue. In Biochemistry of Exercise. Int Ser Sports Sci, 13, eds Vogel (1983)

Bourdin M et al., Laboratory blood lactate profile is studied on water training monitoring in highly trained rowers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 44 (4), 337-341 (2004)

Hansen AL et al., Effects of lactic acid and catecholamines on contractility on fast-ywitch muscle exposed to hyperkalemia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 289 (1), C104-C112 (2005)

Faye J et al., Bicycle test; measure of anaerobic power, heart rate and blood lactic acid. Daker Med, 47 (2), 239-243 (2002)

Hwang, In-Kyung, Effects of Acute Massive Ginseng on Blood Components, Electrolytes and Enzymes after Exercise, Graduate School of Ewha Womans University

- Patent Literature -

Patent Publication No. 10-2012-0107291 (composition for treatment of brain cancer and extracts containing whitening functional cosmetic)

An object of the present invention is to provide a sports composition containing a fenugreek extract and ferulic acid as an active ingredient. The composition of the present invention aims at improving exercise performance and rapidly removing fatigue substances.

The present invention provides a sports composition comprising a fenugreek extract and ferulic acid as an active ingredient.

As used herein, the term " horopa "refers to Trigonella foenum-graecum L, a large yellow flora belonging to Leguminosae, which consumes seeds, fruits and leaves for edible purposes, (Oryza sativa L.), which has been shown to be effective in reducing osteoporosis and osteoporosis in osteoporotic rats, has been applied to menstruation, Lee, JH (Korea Food Research Institute, RDA, Suwon, Republic of Korea);

As used herein, the term " ferulic acid "is one of the derivatives of cinnamic acid having the molecular formula of C ₁₀ H ₁₀ O ₄ , initially isolated from the ferula foetida plant, recently isolated from rice bran Ferulic acid has antioxidant effects (Gupta S et al., Milchwissenschaf, 34, 205 (1979)), skin whitening effect (Fragrance Journal, 45, 92 (1980)), hypoglycemic effect (Nomura H et al. , Research report of Wakayama industrial thechnology center, 17-9 (2001), and is used as a food additive in various countries.

According to an aspect of the invention, the fenugreek extract is preferably prepared after grinding the seeds of fenugreek extracts with water or a C ₁ ~ C ₄ alcohols, or a mixed solvent extract and, C ₁ ~ It is more preferable that the extract is extracted with C ₄ alcohol, but it is not limited thereto.

The alcohol is preferably methanol or ethanol, but is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the fenugreek extract was a 30% ethanol extract of fenugreek prepared by adding 30% ethanol from fenugreek seeds (see Example 1).

Accordingly, the fenugreek extract according to the present invention is preferably a 30% ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds, but is not limited thereto.

The ethanol extract may be prepared by fractionation with hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, butanol fraction, water fraction or a combination thereof, more preferably a butanol fraction, and the butanol fraction of the holofaethanol extract is most preferably But is not limited thereto.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the above-mentioned ferulic acid was used as a food additive sample purchased from Tsuno, Japan. However, since ferulic acid is extracted from rice bran and used by chemical synthesis, Any material that complies with the specification may be used.

The sports composition according to the present invention may further comprise a fenugreek extract and ferulic acid or one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared into pharmaceutical composition formulations according to a conventional method. In the production of formulations, it is preferable that the active ingredient is mixed with or diluted with the carrier, or enclosed in a carrier in the form of a container. When the carrier is used as a diluent, it may be a solid, semi-solid or liquid substance acting as a carrier, excipient or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the formulations may be in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, powders, ointments, liquids, solutions or injections, as well as powders, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, aerosols, soft or hard capsules, sterile injections, May be formulated into various types of compositions known in the art. In addition, the composition of the present invention may be in the form of a parenteral dosage form such as a cream, a lotion, an ointment, an alarm, a liquid, an aerosol, a fluid extract, an elixir, an infiltrant or a patch.

Examples of suitable carriers, excipients and diluents include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, acacia rubber, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose , Hydroxypropylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water, methylhydroxybenzoate, propylhydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate and mineral oil, dextrin, calcium carbonate, propylene glycol, Saline, and the like. However, it is not limited to these, and any conventional carrier, excipient or diluent can be used. In addition, the composition of the present invention can be used as a filler, an extender, a binder, a disintegrant, an anticoagulant, a lubricant, a wetting agent, a pH adjuster, a nutrient, a vitamin, an electrolyte, an alginic acid and its salt, a pectic acid and its salt, Glycerin, fragrance, emulsifier or preservative, and the like. In addition, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain at least one substance other than the above-mentioned active ingredient, which is used for improving exercise performance and for removing fatigue substances.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally, and examples thereof include various routes including oral, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, muscle, topical application, patch and iontoporesis The topical application and oral administration are preferred. In addition, the compositions of the present invention may be formulated using methods well known in the art to provide rapid, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the mammal.

The dosage of the active ingredient according to the present invention is appropriately selected depending on the degree of absorption, inactivation rate and excretion rate of the active ingredient in the body, the age, sex and condition of the patient, and severity of the disease to be treated. It is preferable to administer the herbal extract of the present invention to the adult in an amount of 0.01 g to 100 g per day or in several times, preferably in an amount of 0.1 g to 30 g per day, and the ferulic acid may be administered in an amount of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg It may be administered once to several times in an amount of from 5 mg to 500 mg.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the fenugreek extract was a 30% ethanol extract of fenugreek prepared by adding 70% ethanol from fenugreek seeds (see Example 1).

Therefore, the fenugreek extract according to the present invention is preferably extracted using water or ethanol or a mixed solvent of water and ethanol, but is not limited thereto.

The fenugreek extract may be prepared by using a second fraction for the purpose of improving the effect of concentration of the functional ingredient. In this case, the fraction may be selected from the group consisting of hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, butanol fraction, water fraction, It is more preferable that the fraction is the ethyl acetate fraction or the butanol fraction of the fenugreek extract, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The form of the sports composition is preferably a powder, a granule, a tablet, a capsule, a syrup or a beverage, but is not limited thereto.

The sports composition of the present invention may be used as it is, or may be used in combination with other food or food ingredients, and may be suitably used according to a conventional method.

The kind of the composition is not particularly limited. Examples of the composition include dairy products such as meat, sausage, bread, chocolate, candy, snack, confectionery, pizza, ramen noodle, other noodles, gums and ice cream, various soups, drinks, tea, drinks, And includes all health foods in a conventional sense.

The beverage composition for sports described in the examples of the present invention may contain various flavors or natural carbohydrates as an additional ingredient like ordinary beverages. Such natural carbohydrates are monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose, disaccharides such as maltose and sucrose, and polysaccharides such as dextrin and cyclodextrin, and sugar alcohols such as xylitol, sorbitol and erythritol. Examples of sweeteners include natural sweeteners such as tau martin and stevia extract, synthetic sweeteners such as saccharin and aspartame, and the like. The ratio of the natural carbohydrate is generally about 0.01 to 0.04 g, preferably about 0.02 to 0.03 g per 100 ml of the composition of the present invention.

In addition to the above, the composition of fenugreek extract and ferulic acid complex for sports according to the present invention may further comprise various nutrients, vitamins, electrolytes, flavors, colorants, pectic acid and its salts, alginic acid and its salts, organic acids, protective colloid thickeners, Stabilizers, preservatives, glycerin, alcohols, carbonating agents used in carbonated drinks, and the like.

In addition, the sports composition of the present invention may contain flesh for the production of vitamins, amino acids, natural fruit juices, fruit juice drinks and vegetable drinks. These components may be used independently or in combination. The proportion of such additives is not critical, but is generally selected in the range of 0.01 to 10.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition of the present invention.

In general, in order to improve athletic ability through ingestion of sports composition, it is necessary to improve exercise endurance or to reduce fatigue substance.

It was confirmed that the fenugreek extract and ferulic acid complex composition according to the present invention rapidly improve the endurance of exercise and the blood lactate concentration rapidly.

In one embodiment of the present invention, an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the fenugreek extract and ferulic acid complex composition on the endurance and fatigue reduction effects of experimental animals. As a result, the fenugreek extract alone, ferulic acid alone, , The swelling endurance and the Tread mill endurance were remarkably improved and the blood concentration of lactic acid, which is a fatigue substance, was rapidly reduced, thereby completing the present invention.

Accordingly, the fenugreek extract and ferulic acid composite composition of the present invention are not toxic at all and thus have excellent safety, have no adverse effects, exhibit an effect of effectively improving exercise performance and rapidly reducing fatigue substances, And can be usefully used as a composition.

The fenugreek extract and ferulic acid complex composition of the present invention can remarkably improve the endurance of exercise and rapidly reduce the fatigue substance in the blood, effectively improving the exercise performance, and thus can be usefully used as a composition for sports.

In addition, the fenugreek extract of the present invention is a safe raw material traditionally used for food, and since ferulic acid has already been used as a food additive ingredient in various countries for a long time, it can be effectively used as a safe sports composition without toxicity.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail in the following Examples. It should be noted, however, that the following examples are illustrative only and do not limit or limit the scope of the present invention. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

The method of manufacturing a sports composition for improving exercise performance and fatigue recovery according to the present embodiment,

(a) drying and crushing the mortar;

(b) extracting the eluate with water or a mixed solvent of ethanol and water and ethanol to obtain an extract;

(c) concentrating the extract to obtain a fenugreek extract

(d) adding ferulic acid to the fenugreek extract to prepare a composition.

Specific examples are as follows.

≪ Example 1 > Preparation of fenugreek extract

1 Kg of fenugreek (seed) was pulverized using a pulverizer, and then 5 L of a 70% food extract was added and the mixture was first extracted for 10 hours while being heated to 50 캜. After filtering the extract, 5 L of a fresh 70% edible alcohol was added to the residue, followed by secondary extraction at 50 ° C for 10 hours. The second extract solution was filtered, and the filtrate was combined with the first extract solution and completely concentrated in a rotary evaporator to obtain about 100 g of fenugreek extract.

Example 2 Preparation of Ferulic Acid Composite Composition

Ferulic acid was purchased from Tsuno Co., Japan. Ltd. were used. The above-prepared fenugreek extract and ferulic acid were prepared in the following composition through the following production process.

 Composition of composition (beverage) for combination of ferret extract and ferulic acid for animal experiment Furtherance Content (g / 100 parts by weight of purified water) Fenugreek extract 1.0 Ferulic acid 0.1 Methylcellulose 0.1

In order to prepare a composite composition for a fenugreek extract of ferulic acid and ferulic acid according to the present invention, 0.1 part by weight of methylcellulose, which is a thickening agent, was added to 100 parts by weight of purified water and completely dissolved with stirring. And 0.1 part by weight of ferric acid were added and completely dissolved to prepare an animal test composition.

For comparative experiments, the group administered alone with fenugreek extract was a composition prepared by excluding the ferulic acid from the above composition, and the fenugic acid alone administration group was a composition prepared by excluding the fenugreek extract from the above composition.

<Example 3> Improvement of swimming endurance using ICR mouse

The following experiment was carried out to confirm whether the fenugreek extract and ferulic acid composite composition produced in Example 2 exhibited an athletic performance improving effect.

Each of the compositions prepared above was orally administered to ICR mice once a day for 2 weeks and then the swimming ability of the mice was measured in a swimming pool to measure the effect on the motor activity and blood lactate concentration of the sports composition Respectively. The mice were divided into four groups: vehicle (0.1% methylcellulose solution) alone, control group with holofa extract alone, ferulic acid alone group, and compound sports composition with fenugreek extract and ferulic acid. Seven mice were assigned to each group Respectively.

First, tap water was taken in a transparent swimming pool (240W X 390L X 175Hmm) to make the height of the water 13cm, and then the temperature of the water was adjusted to 25 ° C using ice or hot water. Finally, the height of the water surface was set to 13cm.

ICR mice weighing 25 ± 2 g were swam for 1 minute in a swimming pool (0.2%) containing surfactant (Aekyung Industry) on the end of the day of administration, immediately transferred to a swimming pool containing only tap water, The fat was removed, and the fat was removed and the mouse was placed in the observation tube for about 3 hours to dry the hairs and regain their physical strength.

One hour after administration of the test substance and the vehicle, the mouse is put into the swimming pool (0.01%) containing the surfactant and the swimming time is measured. The end point of the swim is based on when the mouse has been submerged on the bottom of the swimming pool for more than 3 seconds. The increase or decrease in the swimming time of the test substance-administered group to the control group was measured.

The control group (oral administration dose: 50 ml / Kg body weight, 50 mg / kg body weight) was divided into two groups: oral administration group of felopyridol and ferulic acid prepared in Example 2, fullofurate alone group, ferulic acid alone group and vehicle alone ) Were subjected to endurance and fatigue experiments by attaching 4 ~ 8% of body weight to the tail of mice in each group.

In order to evaluate the endurance of muscles, the swimming time of each test substance-treated group and the control mice in the water bath was measured, and after resting for 30 minutes, the concentration of lactic acid was measured by collecting blood. 1 ml of blood was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the serum was separated and analyzed using Sigma's analytical kit. After 0.01 ml of serum or lactate standard solution was added to 1 ml of lactate reagent, the absorbance was measured at 540 nm within 10 min. Respectively.

Swimming duration Test group Swimming duration (seconds) Control (0.1% MC solution) 108 + _ 2.4 Test substance (fenugreek extract) 128 + _3.2 The test substance (ferric acid) 134 + _2.8 Test substance (fenugreek extract + ferulic acid complex composition) 168 + _3.5

Blood lactate concentration Test group Blood lactate concentration (nmol / L) Control (0.1% MC solution) 0.98 + _0.02 Test substance (fenugreek extract) 0.80 + _0.01 The test substance (ferric acid) 0.74 + _0.02 Test substance (fenugreek extract + ferulic acid complex composition) 0.58 + _0.02

[Figure 1] Results of exercise endurance test by forced swimming test using mouse

(Cont: control group, HO: fenugreek extract, FA: ferulic acid, HO + FA: fenugreek extract + ferulic acid complex composition)

[Figure 2] Results of blood lactate concentration measurement after forced swimming test using mouse

(Cont: control group, HO: fenugreek extract, FA: ferulic acid, HO + FA: fenugreek extract + ferulic acid complex composition)

<Example 4> Tread mill exercise endurance measurement using SD rats

Six-week-old male SD rats (Speague-Dowley rats) were pre-fed for one week and then randomly divided into 4 groups of 7 rats. In other words, the control was divided into four groups: a group administered alone, a group administered with fenugreek extract, a group administered with ferulic acid alone, and a group administered with fenugreek and a mixture of fenugreek and ferulic acid. Each of the compositions prepared above was administered to each animal in a dose of 50 ml / Once a day for 4 weeks.

At week 1, a 10 ° slope at 15 m / min was exercised three times a week for 10 minutes. At week 2, a 12 ° slope at 20 m / min was exercised three times a week for 15 minutes, The animals were anesthetized with a tread mill until the first day of discharge, and were anesthetized with an orbital venom and blood samples were collected for fatigue biomarkers The concentration of phosphorus acid was analyzed.

On the first day of the 4th week, the total exercise time until the discharge was measured, and it is shown in Table 4. The final judgment for draining was considered draining if it did not respond to three electrical stimuli during stay at the base of the tread mill. As shown in Table 4 below, it can be seen that the exercise time was significantly increased until the burnout compared with the single administration group of the combination composition of the fenugreek extract and ferulic acid.

Improvement of Tread mill exercise ability using SD rats Test group Exercise duration (minutes) Control (0.1% MC solution) 45.28 + _ 3.83 Test substance (fenugreek extract) 64.48 + _6.29 The test substance (ferric acid) 68.92 + 5.91 Test substance (fenugreek extract + ferulic acid complex composition) 91.05 + _7.76

The results of measuring exercise endurance improvement effect by treadmill test using rats (Cont: control group, HO: fenugreek extract, FA: ferulic acid, HO + FA: fenugreek extract + ferulic acid combination composition)

Table 5 shows the concentration of lactic acid, which is the fatigue substance in the separated serum after blood sampling from the orbital vein.

If the oxygen supply during the high intensity exercise is less than the oxygen consumption of the muscle, the lactic acid concentration in the muscle tissue is increased, and the lactic acid produced is diffused into the blood and treated in the heart and liver.

The concentration of lactic acid in the control group was increased by high intensity exercise after the end of 4 weeks of test substance administration and compared to the effect of lactose concentration reduction in the test group alone or in the ferulic acid alone extract group, The effect of decreasing the concentration of lactic acid was significantly increased.

Reduction of Blood Lactate Concentration in Tread Mill Exercise Using SD Rats Test group Blood lactate concentration (mg / dL) Control (0.1% MC solution) 73 + _ 4.78 Test substance (fenugreek extract) 65 + _ 5.41 The test substance (ferric acid) 63 + _3.89 Test substance (fenugreek extract + ferulic acid complex composition) 50 + _5.02

Results of measurement of blood lactate concentration after treadmill test using rats (Cont: control group, HO: fenugreek extract, FA: ferulic acid, HO + FA: fenugreek extract + ferulic acid combination composition)

<Example 5> Preparation of a composition for a sports article (beverage) of fenugreek extract and ferulic acid complex Name of material Mixing ratio (g / 100ml) Horopa 70% alcohol extract 1.0 Ferulic acid 0.1 Vitamin B1 0.02 Vitamin B6 0.02 Vitamin C 0.1 Calcium lactate 0.05 Sodium citrate 0.05 Lemon incense 0.001 Purified water Suitable amount Sum 100

From the above experimental results, it can be seen that the fenugreek extract and ferulic acid composite composition of the present invention significantly improve the swimming endurance of the ICR mouse and the remarkable improvement of the tread mill exercise ability of the SD rats and the rapid decrease of the lactic acid, The ferulic acid and ferulic acid composition of the present invention have a two-fold improvement in the effect of the ferulic acid extract alone or ferulic acid alone, It is expected that it can be usefully used as a composition for sports.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Modifications and additions by those skilled in the art to an equivalent range based on the embodiments will also fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

A composition for improving exercise performance and fatigue recovery, comprising a fenugreek extract and ferulic acid.
(a) drying and crushing the mortar;
(b) extracting the eluate with water or a mixed solvent of ethanol and water and ethanol to obtain an extract;
(c) concentrating the extract to obtain a fenugreek extract
(d) adding a ferulic acid to the fenugreek extract to produce a sports composition capable of improving exercise performance and fatigue recovery