KR20170080810A - Ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel cell system for producing electricity using a raw material supply portion for supplying a raw material, a raw water supply portion for supplying raw water, a raw material supplied from the raw material supply portion, and a raw water supplied from the raw water supply portion, And a power conversion section for converting a direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell system into an alternating current (AC).

Description

Ship {SHIP}

The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly vessel.

In general, most of the total energy comes from fossil fuels. However, the reserves of fossil fuels are limited, and the use of fossil fuels has serious effects on the environment such as air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. Environmentally friendly power generation systems have been developed to solve the problems associated with the use of such fossil fuels.

Environmentally friendly power generation systems include power generation systems that produce electricity by converting renewable energy, including sunlight, water, geothermal, precipitation, and bio-organisms. In addition, an environmentally friendly power generation system includes a fuel cell system that includes a fuel cell that converts fossil fuel or generates electricity through a chemical reaction such as hydrogen and oxygen.

Alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cell (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Each of these fuel cells operates on essentially the same principle, but the operating temperature, electrolyte, power generation efficiency, and power generation performance are different.

The fuel cell system according to the prior art is applied to a home or an electric vehicle, which is a small structure. However, in order to apply to a large structure, the fuel cell system according to the prior art has the following problems because the modularized fuel cell is used in a large amount or the power generation output of the fuel cell module is relatively large.

First, in the fuel cell system according to the related art, as the number of the fuel cell modules increases or the power generation output of the required module increases, the residual substances such as unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell and reaction products increase. Therefore, the fuel cell system according to the prior art has a problem of increasing environmental pollution due to an increase in the discharge of residual materials and reaction products.

Second, the fuel cell system according to the related art discharges high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell as it is. Accordingly, the conventional fuel cell system has a problem in that the energy efficiency of the fuel cell is lowered as waste heat generated from the exhaust gas at a high temperature is wasted.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems and it is an object of the present invention to provide a ship capable of reducing the discharge of residual materials and reaction products and preventing the energy efficiency from being lowered by recycling the waste heat generated from the exhaust gas will be.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention may include the following configuration.

A ship according to the present invention comprises a raw material supply part for supplying a raw material; A raw water supply part for supplying raw water; A fuel cell system for generating electricity using raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit and raw material water supplied from the raw water supply unit; And a power converter for converting a direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell system into an alternating current (AC), wherein the fuel cell system comprises: a hydrogen generator for generating fuel containing hydrogen; And a fuel cell for generating electricity using the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generating unit, wherein the hydrogen generating unit includes an LNG evaporator for evaporating the raw material, and the LNG evaporator is used for separating the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell The raw material can be evaporated using waste heat.

In the vessel according to the present invention, the hydrogen generating unit may include a reformer for reforming the pretreated raw material and the steam, and a combustor for heating the reformer, wherein the combustor further comprises a reformer for reforming the fuel cell exhaust gas passing through the LNG evaporator It can be supplied and used for combustion reaction.

A ship according to the present invention includes: a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the reformer; A branching part for supplying a part of the fuel supplied from the reformer to the fuel cell to the combustor; And an opening / closing part for opening / closing the branch part, wherein the opening / closing part can regulate opening / closing of the branch part according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor.

A ship according to the present invention includes: an air supply line for supplying air to the fuel cell; And a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat between exhaust gas discharged from the combustor and air flowing into the fuel cell through the air supply line.

In the vessel according to the present invention, the hydrogen generating unit may include a raw water treatment unit including a second heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the raw material water and the exhaust gas that has passed through the first heat exchanger; The steam (H ₂ O) supplied to the reformer may be generated by heating the raw water while exhaust gas passing through the first heat exchanger passes through the second heat exchanger.

The vessel according to the present invention may include a condenser for condensing the exhaust gas that has passed through the second heat exchanger to recover water from the exhaust gas that has passed through the second heat exchanger and to be supplied to the raw water supply portion.

The present invention can contribute to preventing the energy efficiency of the fuel cell from deteriorating as waste heat generated from the exhaust gas of the fuel cell is wasted by using the waste heat generated from the exhaust gas of the fuel cell to evaporate the LNG.

The present invention can be implemented to discharge residual materials such as unreacted gas or the like, or reaction products discharged from a fuel cell to a combustor for use in a combustion reaction, thereby contributing to reduction of environmental pollution due to an increase in discharge of residual materials and reaction products.

1 is a conceptual diagram of an overall system according to the present invention;
2 is a conceptual diagram of a fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining the operation of the fuel cell used in the present invention. FIG. 3A is a conceptual diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
3B is a conceptual diagram of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC)
4 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a hydrogen generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 to 9 are conceptual diagrams of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention
10 is a schematic view showing an example of a ship according to the present invention;

Hereinafter, embodiments of the fuel cell system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is applied to a power generation system 100 to perform a function of generating electricity. Before describing the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the power generation system 100 will be described first.

The power generation system 100 includes a raw material supply unit 110, a raw water supply unit 120, an air supply unit 130, a power conversion unit 140, and a fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention.

The raw material supply unit 110 includes a raw material storage tank and supplies the raw material from the raw material storage tank. For example, the raw material is a material of a hydrocarbon series, LNG (liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), methanol (CH ₃ OH), ethanol (C ₂ H ₅ OH), petrol, dimethyl ether, methane, Hydrogen purification off-gas, pure hydrogen, or the like.

For example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to an automobile, the raw material supply unit 110 is implemented including a raw material storage tank and a device (for example, a pump) for supplying raw materials from the raw material storage tank. As another example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to an LNG carrier, the material feeder 110 is implemented with an LNG storage tank and a device (e.g., a pump) for supplying LNG from the LNG storage tank. As another example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to a diesel engine ship, the raw material supply unit 110 is implemented including a diesel fuel storage tank and an apparatus for supplying diesel fuel from the diesel fuel storage tank.

The raw water supply part 120 may include a raw water storage tank and a device (for example, a pump) for supplying raw water from the raw water storage tank. The raw water may be, for example, water (constant water), fresh water, or seawater. As another example, the raw water may be impurity-treated water or ion-removed water in fresh water or seawater. As another example, the raw water may be water in the state where impurities are removed from fresh water or seawater.

The air supply unit 130 supplies air to the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention. Normally, air means a gas including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and the like, but also includes the case where nitrogen or carbon dioxide is removed from air or all gases other than oxygen are removed. The air supply unit 130 may include an air storage tank and a device (for example, a blower) for supplying air from the air storage tank. As another example, the air supply unit 130 may be configured to supply external air and compress the high-pressure air, or supply the compressed high-pressure air at normal pressure.

The power conversion unit 140 converts the direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention into an alternating current (AC). The power conversion unit 140 includes a DC-DC converter for boosting or reducing the output voltage from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, and a DC-AC converter for converting a direct current (DC) An inverter or the like. The power conversion unit 140 discharges the electric power supplied from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention to the electric power load. The electric power load may be, for example, in-ship electrical equipment such as a ship's basic electrical equipment and cargo-system electrical equipment in the case of a ship. Although not shown, the power conversion unit 140 may be implemented to transmit and store electricity to an energy storage device, for example, a battery.

The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention produces electricity using fuel, water (H ₂ O), and air. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can be used in a small structure such as a home or an automobile, and can be used in a large structure such as a ship. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented to operate in conjunction with a diesel engine, a gas engine, a steam turbine, a gas turbine, or a Rankine Cycle system using the combustion energy of fuel.

Hereinafter, a fuel cell system 100 according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 2, the fuel cell system 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell 210, and a hydrogen generation unit 400. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented by including a controller 250 for controlling all operations including the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generator 400, and the like.

The fuel cell 210 is implemented including a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack has an electrolyte layer formed between a cathode and an anode and a separator for supplying hydrogen and supplying air and recovering heat to the anode and the cathode And the unit cell modules are connected in series by the required number of units.

The fuel cell 210 may include a temperature sensor and a device for maintaining temperature, that is, a heater, a cathode fan, a fuel electrode fan, a cooling plate, and the like. The temperature sensor senses the temperature of the fuel cell stack, the temperature of the cathode, and the temperature of the anode. The heater can heat the fuel cell to maintain the temperature required for the operation. The air cathode fan dissipates heat generated at the cathode of the fuel cell stack. The fuel electrode fan dissipates the heat generated from the anode of the fuel cell stack. The air cathode fan and the anode cathode fan may be implemented as a part of a heat exchanger used in a fuel cell stack.

When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the control unit 250, the control unit 250 controls the heater, the cathode fan, and the anode electrode fan using the signal output from the temperature sensor, ) Is appropriately maintained. For example, the control unit 250 maintains the operating temperature of the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) at 190 to 210 ° C, maintains the operating temperature of the MCFC at 550 to 650 ° C, In the case of oxide fuel cells (SOFC), the operating temperature is maintained at 650 to 1000 ° C. For polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFC), the operating temperature is maintained at 30 to 80 ° C.

Hereinafter, the operation of the fuel cell 210 included in the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B. FIG. 3A is a conceptual configuration diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and FIG. 3B is a conceptual configuration diagram of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC).

3A, a fuel cell 210 includes a fuel cell 210 in which oxygen ions generated by a reduction reaction of oxygen in a cathode 211 are supplied to the anode 211 through an electrolyte 212, to the anode (213). The fuel including hydrogen (H ₂ ) flows in the anode 213. The oxygen ions O ² - and hydrogen (H ₂ ), which have moved to the anode 213 through the electrolyte 212, (H ₂ O) and electrons (e-) are generated by electrochemical reaction. Since electrons are consumed in the cathode 211, electricity flows when the cathode 211 and the anode 213 are connected to each other.

Residual materials such as fuel cell 210 includes a fuel electrode (anode) of carbon monoxide that can be included in the fuel supplied to the (213) (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ₂₎ and electrochemical unreacted material and unreacted hydrogen (H ₂₎ as And water (H ₂ O in liquid or gaseous state) as a reaction product. In addition, unreacted oxygen and nitrogen are discharged from the cathode 211 of the fuel cell 210.

3B, in the PEMFC, the fuel cell 210 decomposes hydrogen (H ₂ ) in the catalyst layer 213 a formed on the anode 213 to form hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ), And electrons (e-). The hydrogen ion (H ⁺ ) moves to the cathode 211 through the electrolyte 212. Here, the electrolyte 212 may be a polymer electrolyte membrane. The fuel cell 210 generates hydrogen (H ₂ O) by reacting hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) in a catalyst layer 211 a formed on a cathode 211. When the catalyst layer 213a formed on the anode 213 and the catalyst layer 211a formed on the cathode 211 are connected to each other, electricity flows.

The fuel cell 210 discharges residual material such as unreacted hydrogen (H ₂ ) from the catalyst layer 213a of the anode 213. In addition, the fuel cell 210 discharges unreacted oxygen and water (H ₂ O) from the cathode 211.

In the MCFC, hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbonic acid ions (CO ₃ ^2- ) react with each other in the anode to form water (H ₂ O), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) Is generated. The generated carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is sent to the cathode, and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) react with each other at the cathode to produce carbonate ion (CO ₃ ^2- ). Carbonate ions (CO ₃ ^2- ) move through the electrolyte to the anode. In a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) generated in the process of generating electricity can be implemented to be circulated in the fuel cell without being discharged to the outside.

2 and 4, the hydrogen generator 400 includes an apparatus for generating a fuel, that is, hydrogen (H ₂ ) gas, necessary for the anode of the fuel cell 210 using the raw material. In this specification, the raw material and the raw water that are introduced into the hydrogen generating unit 400 and the fuel that is generated in the hydrogen generating unit 400 and flows into the fuel cell 210 are defined as the fuel.

The hydrogen generator 400 may be designed to have various structures depending on the type of the fuel cell 210 or to improve electricity generation efficiency. For example, when the fuel cell 210 is a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) or a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the hydrogen generator 400 may include a reformer and a combustor . In another example, when the fuel cell 210 is a PAFC or a PEMFC, the hydrogen generator 400 may be a water gas shift reactor , ≪ / RTI > WGS).

The water gasification reactor (WGS) may be a high temperature shift reactor (HTS), a mid-temperature shift reactor (MTS), a low-temperature shift reactor (LTS) Or a carbon monoxide remover. The carbon monoxide remover may include a selective oxidation reactor (PROX) for burning and removing only carbon monoxide (CO), or a methanation reactor for reducing carbon monoxide (CO) to hydrogen (H ₂ ) .

Referring to FIG. 4, an example of the hydrogen generator 400 in the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention will be described as follows.

The hydrogen generator 400 may include a raw material processing unit 410, a raw material water processing unit 420, a reformer 430, and a combustor 440.

The raw material processing unit 410 preprocesses the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit including the raw material storage tank. For example, the raw material treatment unit 410 may include an LNG evaporator for evaporating the liquefied natural gas supplied from the LNG storage tank and a vaporizer installed in the LNG evaporator. When the raw material is a liquid raw material having a relatively high molecular weight such as Marine Gas Oil (MGO), Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), etc., 410) including the methane flame for generating a marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), or the general fuel oil (HFO) methane by the reaction of the heated raw material and the heater applies heat the catalyst to the (CH ₄₎ Can be implemented. The raw material treatment unit 410 may include a filter for removing impurities contained in the raw material, and a desulfurizer for removing sulfide.

The raw water treatment unit 420 prepares the raw water supplied from the raw water supply unit including the raw water storage tank. The raw water treatment unit 420 generates steam (H ₂ O) by heating the raw water, and supplies the steam (H ₂ O) to a reformer. The raw water water treatment unit 420 may include a heat exchanger for heating the raw water to the waste heat of the exhaust gas generated in the combustor 440, for example. The raw water water treatment unit 420 may include a steam separator for separating moisture (water droplets) contained in the exhaust gas or steam of the fuel cell system. In addition, the raw water treatment unit 420 may use activated carbon, ion removal resin, or the like to maintain the purity required for the raw material water in the fuel cell system, and may include a sensor and a control system for measuring the same. As another example, the system may include an external water supply line and system for maintaining a certain level of water in the water supply unit 420.

The reformer 430 reforms the pre-treated raw material supplied from the raw material treatment unit 410 and the steam (H ₂ O) supplied from the raw water treatment unit 420 to supply hydrogen (H ₂ ) Thereby generating a reforming gas. In the reforming reaction, the reformer 330 may use thermal energy provided by the combustor 440. Hereinafter, the reformed gas from the reformer 330 is defined as a fuel.

The reformer 430 is implemented with a reforming catalyst layer that triggers a reforming reaction. The reforming catalyst layer has a structure in which the reforming catalyst is packed with a catalyst supported on the carrier. The reforming catalyst is composed of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), platinum (Pt) or the like. The shape of the carrier carrying the catalyst may be, for example, granular, pellet or honeycomb, Resistant metal such as alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), titania (TiO ₂ ), or the like.

In the fuel cell system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the reformer 330 may be installed outside the fuel cell 210. In this case, the fuel cell 210 is implemented as an external reforming type. In the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the reformer 330 may be installed inside the fuel cell 210 in the form of a reforming catalyst layer. In this case, the fuel cell 210 is implemented as an internal reforming type.

The combustor 440 provides heat to the reformer 430 to smoothly perform the reforming reaction. When the reformer heating temperature by the combustor 440 is low, the reforming reaction by the endothermic reaction of the reformer 430 does not progress well and moisture (water droplets) may be generated in the reformer 430 have. If the heating temperature of the combustor 440 is high, the catalytic activity of the reforming catalyst layer of the reformer 430 may be lowered.

The combustor 440 may be connected to the raw material pretreated by the raw material processing unit 410 and the raw material of the fuel cell 210 to improve the efficiency of the entire system. In the fuel cell system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, An exhaust gas discharged from an anode of a fuel cell stack, or a mixture of the two can be used as a raw material. The combustor 440 may use air supplied from the air supply unit 130 (shown in FIG. 1). In the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the combustor 440 may further use air discharged from the cathode of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell 210.

Although not shown, the hydrogen generator 400 may further include at least one temperature sensor, which detects the temperature of the reformer 430. The temperature of the reformer 430 may be adjusted according to the configuration of the reformer 430 and the mixing ratio of the raw material pretreated in the raw material processing unit 410 and steam (H ₂ O) The range changes. 2), the control unit 250 controls the amount of combustion of the combustor 440 based on the signal output from the temperature sensor, And the temperature of the reformer 430 is controlled. For example, the controller 250 may be configured to control the temperature within a range of about ± 20 ° C. with respect to the optimum temperature range.

Here, the gas generated through the reforming reaction in the reformer 430 includes not only hydrogen (H ₂ ) but also carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), and the like. When the fuel cell 210 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), carbon monoxide (CO) poisons the electrode catalyst of the fuel cell stack of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) to shorten the life of the fuel cell 210. In order to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) to 10 to 20 ppm or less, the hydrogen generating unit 400 may further include a water gasification reactor (WGS) 450.

The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 can produce carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and hydrogen (H ₂ ) by reacting carbon monoxide (CO) with steam (H ₂ O). The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may be implemented with a high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) and a low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) as shown in FIG.

The optimum temperature of the high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) and the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) varies depending on the type of the catalyst used and the composition of the gas discharged by the equilibrium of the control temperature is determined. Although not shown in FIG. 4, a cooler and a temperature sensor may be installed in the high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) and the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS), respectively. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the controller 250 (shown in FIG. 2), the controller 250 controls the cooler using the signal output from the temperature sensor, (HTS) and the temperature of the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS). For example, the high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) is controlled within a range of 300 to 430 ° C, and the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) is controlled within a range of 200 to 250 ° C.

Although not shown, the water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may include a carbon monoxide remover. The carbon monoxide remover removes a very small amount of carbon monoxide (CO) that is not completely treated in the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) at the end of the low temperature water gasification reactor (LTS). The carbon monoxide remover includes a selective oxidation unit (PROX), which receives air from an air supply unit and burns only the carbon monoxide (CO) in the gas discharged from the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) H ₂ ) to reduce the concentration thereof.

The selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is equipped with a cooler and a temperature sensor. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the control unit 250 (shown in FIG. 2), the control unit 250 controls the cooler using the signal output from the temperature sensor, ). For example, the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is controlled within the range of 120 to 160 占 폚. However, the optimal temperature of the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is set differently depending on conditions such as the type of catalyst used and the method of use.

The catalyst layer of the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) comprises a structure filled with a carrier for supporting a selective oxidation catalyst. The selective oxidation catalyst is made of platinum (Pt) or the like, and the shape of the support carrying the catalyst may be, for example, a granular shape, a pellet shape, a honeycomb shape, etc. The material constituting the support may be alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) , Magnesium oxide (MgO), and the like.

Hereinafter, a fuel cell system 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

5 and 6 are conceptual configuration diagrams of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 1 and 4, the same reference numerals are used.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell 210 and a hydrogen generator 400. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented by including a controller 250 for controlling the operation of all the configurations including the fuel cell 210 and the hydrogen generator 400.

The fuel cell 210 may be an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) And may be a fuel cell selected from batteries (DMFC).

The hydrogen generator 400 may include the LNG evaporator 411, the vaporizer 413, and the like. The LNG evaporator 411 evaporates raw materials such as liquefied natural gas from the LNG storage tank. The LNG evaporator 411 supplies the vaporized raw material to the reformer 430. In this case, the reformer 430 can supply the hydrogen-containing fuel to the anode 213 of the fuel cell using the vaporized raw material through the reforming reaction. Here, the LNG evaporator 411 can evaporate the raw material using the waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 310. For example, the LNG evaporator 411 can evaporate the raw material by using waste heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the anode 213 and the cathode 211 of the fuel cell 310. Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can achieve the following operational effects.

First, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is used to evaporate raw materials by using the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 210, thereby preventing the energy efficiency of the fuel cell from being lowered as the waste heat is wasted .

Second, since the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is used to evaporate the raw material by using the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 210, a separate heating device can be omitted. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can contribute to reduce the facility construction cost and the operation cost.

7 to 9 are conceptual configuration diagrams of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the fuel cell 210 may be a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).

7, the combustor 440 mixes the exhaust gas discharged from the anode 213 of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 210 or the air electrode 211, or both, to the LNG evaporator (411), and can be used for the combustion reaction. For example, the combustor 440 receives exhaust gas containing unreacted fuel (for example, hydrogen (H ₂ )) discharged from the anode 213 of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 210 It can be used for combustion reaction. In this case, the exhaust gas containing the unreacted fuel may be supplied to the combustor 440 through the LNG evaporator 411.

Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention reduces the environmental pollution by using residual materials such as unreacted fuel gas and reaction products generated in the fuel cell 210 in the combustion reaction, 200 can be increased.

Referring to FIG. 7, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may include an air supply line and a first heat exchanger 260.

In this case, the air supply unit 130 may be connected to the first heat exchanger 260 through the air supply line. The air passing through the first heat exchanger may be supplied to the fuel electrode 213 of the fuel cell 210 in a heated state.

The first heat exchanger 260 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 440 and the air flowing into the fuel cell 210 through the air supply line. For example, the first heat exchanger 260 may exchange heat between waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 440 and air introduced into the fuel cell 210. Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is configured to heat the air supplied to the fuel cell 210 using the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the combustor 440, thereby preventing the waste heat from being wasted have. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can contribute to enhancement of the energy efficiency of the fuel cell.

Referring to FIG. 8, the raw water treatment unit 420 may include a second heat exchanger 421.

The second heat exchanger 421 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 that has passed through the first heat exchanger 260 and the raw water supplied from the raw water supply unit 120. For example, the second heat exchanger 421 heats the raw water supplied from the raw water supply part 120 using the waste heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas of the combustor 440 that has passed through the first heat exchanger 260 can do. In this case, the second heat exchanger 421 may generate steam (H ₂ O) by heating the raw water. That is, steam (H ₂ O) supplied to the reformer 430 flows through the second heat exchanger 421 while the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 that has passed through the first heat exchanger 260 passes through the second heat exchanger 421 Can be produced by heating the raw water.

Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is configured to heat the raw water supplied to the reformer 430 using the waste heat generated from the exhaust gas of the combustor 440, It is implemented so that it can be reused once more. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can further prevent wasted heat from being wasted, thereby contributing to further enhancement of the energy efficiency of the fuel cell.

The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention further includes a reformer 430 that heats the raw water supplied to the reformer 430 by using waste heat generated from the exhaust gas of the combustor 440, A separate heating device for generating the necessary steam (H ₂ O) can be omitted. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can further contribute to the reduction of the facility construction cost and the operation cost.

Here, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may further include a condenser 423 for condensing the exhaust gas that has passed through the second heat exchanger 421.

The condenser 423 condenses the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 that has passed through the second heat exchanger 421 to generate water from the exhaust gas that has passed through the second heat exchanger 421. The condenser 423 may be installed between the second heat exchanger 421 and the raw water supply part 120. For example, the condenser 423 discharges water (water droplets) generated by condensing the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 that has passed through the second heat exchanger 421 to the raw water supply unit 120 including the raw water storage tank , And water can be produced from the exhaust gas passing through the second heat exchanger (421). Further, the condenser 423 can discharge the residual gas after condensation to the outside. The raw water supply part 120 for supplying steam for generating steam to be supplied to the reformer 430 in the second heat exchanger 421 may supply the raw water to the raw water treatment part 420 ). ≪ / RTI >

Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is configured to recover water from the exhaust gas of the combustor 440, thereby contributing to miniaturization of the facility for supplying the raw water. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can contribute to reduce the construction cost and operation cost of the facility for supplying the raw water.

Referring to FIG. 9, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may include a temperature sensor 270, a branch unit 280, and an opening / closing unit 290.

The temperature sensor 270 is installed in the reformer 430 to measure the temperature of the reformer 430. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is implemented with the controller 250, the temperature sensor 270 may provide the measured temperature to the controller 250. [

The branching unit 280 supplies a part of the fuel containing hydrogen supplied from the reformer 430 to the fuel cell 310 to the combustor 440. The branch portion 280 may be provided with the opening / closing portion 290. The branching unit 280 may supply a part of the fuel supplied to the fuel cell 210 to the combustor 440 according to the operation of the opening and closing unit 290.

The opening / closing part 290 opens / closes the branching part 280. The opening / closing unit 290 may open / close the branching unit 280 according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 270. For example, when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 270 is lower than a reference temperature (for example, a low temperature at the time of initial temperature increase of the reformer), the opening and closing unit 290 opens the branching unit 280, A part of the fuel supplied from the reformer 430 to the fuel cell 210 may be supplied to the combustor 440. If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 270 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature, the opening and closing unit 290 may close the branch unit 280 to supply the fuel to the fuel cell 310.

The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be configured such that a part of the fuel supplied from the reformer 430 to the fuel cell 210 according to the temperature of the reformer 430, (440), thereby contributing to shortening the temperature rise time of the reformer (430). Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can contribute to improving the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 210 by reducing the time required for starting the fuel cell 210.

When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is implemented with the controller 250, the controller 250 controls the operation of the opening / closing unit 290 according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 270 .

Hereinafter, embodiments of a ship according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

9 is a schematic view showing an example of a ship according to the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 9, a ship 900 according to the present invention is provided with a power generation system 100 on a ship 910. The power generation system 100 includes a fuel cell system 200. The fuel cell system 200 includes a fuel cell 210 and a hydrogen generation unit 400. The fuel cell system 200 may be implemented by including a controller 250 for controlling the operation of all the components including the fuel cell 210 and the hydrogen generator 400.

The fuel cell 210 may be an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) And may be a fuel cell selected from batteries (DMFC).

The hydrogen generator 200 may include an LNG evaporator 411. For example, the LNG evaporator 411 evaporates raw materials such as liquefied natural gas supplied from an LNG storage tank. The LNG evaporator 411 supplies the vaporized raw material to the reformer 430. In this case, the reformer 430 can supply the anode 213 of the fuel cell by reforming the vaporized raw material in the LNG evaporator 411 through a reforming reaction. Here, the LNG evaporator 411 may evaporate the raw material by using the waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 210. For example, the LNG evaporator 411 can evaporate the raw material using the waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 310. Although not shown, a condenser for condensing the moisture of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 210 cooled through the LNG evaporator 411 is installed between the LNG evaporator 411 and the combustor 440, To the raw water supply unit 120 and the gas from which moisture has been removed may be supplied to the combustor 440.

Accordingly, the ship 900 according to the present invention can achieve the following operational effects.

First, the ship 900 according to the present invention is used to evaporate the raw material by using the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 310, thereby contributing to preventing the energy efficiency of the fuel cell from being lowered as the waste heat is wasted. .

Second, since the ship 900 according to the present invention is used to evaporate the raw material using the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 310, a separate heating device can be omitted. Accordingly, the ship 900 according to the present invention can contribute to reduce the facility construction cost and the operation cost.

Third, the ship 900 according to the present invention is configured to heat the air supplied to the fuel cell 210 using the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the combustor 440, thereby preventing the waste heat from being wasted. Therefore, the ship 900 according to the present invention can contribute to enhancement of the energy efficiency of the fuel cell.

 1 to 9, the hull 910 constitutes the overall appearance of the ship 900 according to the present invention. The hull 910 is provided with an engine for generating a propulsive force for moving the hull 910 and a material supply unit 110 for supplying the material to the engine. For example, the raw material is a hydrocarbon-based material, and it is an LNG (liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), gasoline, dimethyl ether, methane gas, And liquid raw materials having a relatively high molecular weight such as marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), and heavy fuel oil (HFO).

The hull 910 is provided with a raw water supply part 120 for supplying the raw water necessary for the reforming reaction of the hydrogen generating part 400. The raw water may be, for example, fresh water or seawater. As another example, the raw water may be water in the state where impurities are removed from fresh water or seawater.

The hull 910 is provided with an air supply unit 130 for supplying air to the fuel cell system 200. Normally, air means a gas including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and the like, but also includes the case where nitrogen or carbon dioxide or both gases are removed from the air. The air supply unit 130 may include an air storage tank and a device (for example, a blower) for supplying air from the air storage tank. As another example, the air supply unit 130 may be configured to supply the compressed high-pressure air after the external air is supplied, compress the high-pressure air, or to remove the foreign air and supply the compressed air at a normal pressure.

A DC-DC converter for boosting or reducing the output voltage of the fuel cell system 200 and a DC-AC inverter for converting a direct current (DC) into an alternating current (AC) A conversion unit 140 is provided. The power conversion unit 140 discharges the electric power supplied from the fuel cell system 200 to the electric power load. The electric power load may be, for example, in-ship electrical equipment such as a ship's basic electrical equipment and cargo-system electrical equipment in the case of a ship. Although not shown, the power conversion unit 140 may be implemented to supply electricity to an energy storage device, for example, a battery.

In this specification, the term "ship" is not limited to a structure for navigating a watercraft, and includes not only a structure for navigating a watercraft, but also a floating oil production storage and unloading facility (FPSO) It includes the same sea structure.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined only by the appended claims.

100: Power generation system
110: raw material supply part 120: raw material water supply part
130: air supply unit 140: power conversion unit
200: Fuel cell system
210: fuel cell 250:
260: first heat exchanger 270: temperature sensor
280: branch 290: opening / closing part
400: hydrogen generation unit

Claims (7)

As a vessel,
A raw material supply unit for supplying the raw material;
A raw water supply part for supplying raw water;
A fuel cell system for generating electricity using raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit and raw material water supplied from the raw water supply unit; And
And a power conversion unit for converting a direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell system into an alternating current (AC)
The fuel cell system includes:
A hydrogen generator for generating a fuel containing hydrogen; And
And a fuel cell for generating electricity using the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generator,
Wherein the hydrogen generator includes an LNG evaporator for evaporating the raw material,
Wherein the LNG evaporator evaporates the raw material by using waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell. A hydrogen generator for generating a fuel containing hydrogen; And
And a fuel cell that generates electricity using the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generator,
Wherein the hydrogen generator includes an LNG evaporator for evaporating the raw material,
Wherein the LNG evaporator evaporates the raw material using waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell. 3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the hydrogen generator comprises a reformer for reforming the steam and the pretreated raw material, and a combustor for heating the reformer,
Wherein the combustor receives the fuel cell exhaust gas passed through the LNG evaporator and uses the fuel cell exhaust gas for a combustion reaction. The method of claim 3,
A temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the reformer;
A branching part for supplying a part of the fuel supplied from the reformer to the fuel cell to the combustor; And
And an opening / closing portion for opening / closing the branch portion,
Wherein the opening / closing part adjusts opening / closing of the branch part according to a temperature measured by the temperature sensor. The method of claim 3,
An air supply line for supplying air to the fuel cell; And
And a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor and air flowing into the fuel cell through the air supply line. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the hydrogen generating unit includes a raw water treatment unit including a second heat exchanger for heat-exchanging exhaust gas passing through the first heat exchanger with raw water;
Wherein the steam (H ₂ O) supplied to the reformer is generated by heating the raw water while exhaust gas passing through the first heat exchanger passes through the second heat exchanger. The method according to claim 6,
And a condenser for condensing the exhaust gas that has passed through the second heat exchanger so that water is recovered from the exhaust gas passing through the second heat exchanger and supplied to the raw water supply portion.

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