KR102190936B1 - Ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel cell system for generating electricity using a raw material supply unit for supplying raw materials, a raw material water supply unit for supplying raw material water, a raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit, and raw material water supplied from the raw material water supply unit, and It relates to a ship including a power conversion unit for converting the DC current (Dc) output from the fuel cell system to the AC current (AC).

Description

Ship{SHIP}

The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly vessel.

In general, most of the total energy comes from fossil fuels. However, the reserves of fossil fuels are limited, and the use of fossil fuels has serious effects on the environment, such as air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. In order to solve the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels, an environment-friendly power generation system is being developed.

Environmentally friendly power generation systems include power generation systems that generate electricity by converting renewable energy including sunlight, water, geothermal heat, precipitation, and biological organisms. In addition, environmentally friendly power generation systems include power generation systems that convert fossil fuels or generate electricity through chemical reactions such as hydrogen and oxygen.

Depending on the type of electrolyte used, fuel cells include alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), solid oxides. It is classified into fuel cells (SOFC, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell), Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Each of these fuel cells operates based on fundamentally the same principle, but differs in operating temperature, electrolyte, power generation efficiency, and power generation performance.

However, the fuel cell system according to the prior art is a raw material for producing steam (H ₂ O) supplied to the reformer to generate hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell or for cooling the stack or other devices in the fuel cell system. Water contains impurities. Therefore, in the fuel cell system according to the prior art, the efficiency of the reformer decreases due to impurities contained in the steam (H ₂ O) supplied to the reformer, and there is a problem of clogging a pipe in the fuel cell system or reducing the performance of the fuel cell stack have.

The present invention removes impurities contained in the steam (H ₂ O) supplied to the reformer, thereby reducing the efficiency of the reforming reaction of the reformer, preventing clogging of pipes in the fuel cell system or reducing the performance of the fuel cell stack. It is to provide a ship that can be used.

In order to solve the problems as described above, the present invention may include the following configuration.

The ship according to the present invention includes a raw material supply unit for supplying raw materials; A raw material water supply unit for supplying raw material water; A fuel cell system for generating electricity by using the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit and the raw material water supplied from the raw material water supply unit; And a power conversion unit for converting a direct current (Dc) output from the fuel cell system into an alternating current (AC), wherein the fuel cell system includes a raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit and a raw material number supplied from the raw material water supply unit A hydrogen generating unit including a reformer for generating fuel containing hydrogen by reforming the steam generated by using and a combustor for heating the reformer; A fuel cell that generates electricity using fuel supplied from the reformer; A filter unit for removing organic matter from the fluid flowing from the outside; An ultrapure water extraction unit for extracting ultrapure water from the fluid passing through the filter unit; And an evaporator for heating the extracted ultrapure water while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit so that steam (H ₂ O) is generated from the ultrapure water extracted while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit.

In the ship according to the present invention, steam (H ₂ O) generated while passing through the evaporator may be supplied to the reformer.

The present invention improves the efficiency of the reformer by removing impurities contained in the steam (H ₂ O) supplied to the reformer, thereby preventing the efficiency of the reforming reaction of the reformer from being lowered, and the fluid for cooling the fuel cell system. Prevents pipe blockage caused by and can contribute to preventing a decrease in stack performance due to impurities.

1 is a conceptual configuration diagram of an entire system according to the present invention
2 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
3A and 3B are exemplary views for explaining the operation of a fuel cell used in the present invention, and FIG. 3A is a conceptual configuration diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
3B is a conceptual diagram of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC)
4 is an exemplary view for explaining a hydrogen generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
5 to 7 are conceptual diagrams of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention
8 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a third embodiment of the present invention
9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a ship according to the present invention

Hereinafter, embodiments of a fuel cell system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is applied to the power generation system 100 to generate electricity. Prior to describing the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, a first look at the power generation system 100 is as follows.

The power generation system 100 includes a raw material supply unit 110, a raw material water supply unit 120, an air supply unit 130, a power conversion unit 140, and a fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention.

The raw material supply unit 110 includes a raw material storage tank and supplies raw materials from the raw material storage tank. For example, raw materials are hydrocarbon-based materials, such as LNG (liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), methanol (CH ₃ OH), ethanol (C ₂ H ₅ OH), marine gas oil (MGO), and offshore It may be diesel oil such as diesel oil (MDO) or general heavy oil (HFO), gasoline, dimethyl ether, methane gas, hydrogen refined off-gas, pure hydrogen, and the like.

For example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to an automobile, the raw material supply unit 110 includes a raw material storage tank and a device (eg, a pump) for supplying raw materials from the raw material storage tank. As another example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to an LNG carrier, the raw material supply unit 110 includes an LNG storage tank and a device (eg, a pump) for supplying LNG from the LNG storage tank. As another example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to a diesel engine ship, the raw material supply unit 110 includes a diesel fuel storage tank and a device for supplying diesel fuel from the diesel fuel storage tank.

The raw material water supply unit 120 may include a raw material water storage tank and a device (eg, a pump) for supplying raw material water from the raw material water storage tank. The raw material water may be, for example, fresh water, fresh water, or sea water. As another example, the raw material water may be water that has been treated to remove impurities or remove ions from fresh water or sea water. As another example, the raw material water may be fresh water or water in which impurities have been removed from seawater.

The air supply unit 130 supplies air to the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention. In general, air refers to a gas including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the like, but in the present specification, a gas from which nitrogen or carbon dioxide is removed, or a case in which all gases other than oxygen are removed is also included. The air supply unit 130 may include an air storage tank and a device (eg, a blower) supplying air from the air storage tank. As another example, the air supply unit 130 may be implemented to receive external air, compress it, and then supply compressed high-pressure air or supply it at normal pressure.

The power conversion unit 140 converts the direct current (DC) from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention into an alternating current (AC). The power conversion unit 140 includes a DC-DC converter for boosting or reducing the output current from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, and a DC-AC inverter for converting a DC current (DC) into an AC current (AC). And the like. The power conversion unit 140 discharges electricity supplied from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention as a power load. For example, in the case of a ship, the power load may be an electrical equipment in a ship such as basic electrical equipment of a ship and electric equipment of a cargo system. Although not shown, the power conversion unit 140 may be implemented to transmit and store electricity to an energy storage device, for example, a battery.

The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention uses fuel, water (H ₂ O), and air to generate electricity. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be used in small structures such as homes or automobiles, and may be used in large structures such as ships. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented to interlock with a diesel engine, a gas engine, a steam turbine, a gas turbine, or a Rankine Cycle system using combustion energy of fuel.

Hereinafter, a fuel cell system 100 according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 2, the fuel cell system 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell 210 and a hydrogen generator 400. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented by including a control unit 250 that controls the operation of all components including the fuel cell 210 and the hydrogen generator 400. In the present specification, raw materials and raw water flowing into the hydrogen generating unit 400 are defined as fuel, and what is generated in the hydrogen generating unit 400 and flowing into the fuel cell 210 is defined as fuel.

The fuel cell 210 is implemented including a fuel cell stack. In the fuel cell stack, an electrolyte layer is formed between a cathode and an anode, and a separator for supplying hydrogen, supplying air, and recovering heat is provided at the anode and cathode. It is composed of the installed unit cell modules connected in series as much as the required quantity.

The fuel cell 210 may include a temperature sensor and a temperature maintaining device, that is, a heater or a cathode fan, an anode fan, and a cooling plate. The temperature sensor senses the temperature of the fuel cell stack, the temperature of the cathode, and the temperature of the anode. The fuel cell may be heated by the heater to maintain a temperature required for operation. The cathode fan dissipates heat generated by the cathode of the fuel cell stack. The anode fan dissipates heat generated by an anode of the fuel cell stack. The cathode fan and the anode fan may be implemented as a part of a heat exchanger used in a fuel cell stack.

When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the control unit 250, the control unit 250 controls the heater or cathode fan and the anode fan using a signal output from a temperature sensor to control the fuel cell 210 ) To properly maintain the operating temperature. For example, the control unit 250 maintains the operating temperature at 190 to 210°C in the case of a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), and maintains the operation temperature at 550 to 650°C in the case of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), and In the case of an oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the operating temperature is maintained at 650-1000°C, and in the case of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), the operating temperature is maintained at 30-80°C.

Hereinafter, the operation of the fuel cell 210 provided in the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B. 3A is a conceptual configuration diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and FIG. 3B is a conceptual configuration diagram of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC).

First, referring to FIG. 3A, in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310, oxygen ions generated by a reduction reaction of oxygen in a cathode 311 are transferred through an electrolyte 312 to an anode 313. Go to. Fuel containing hydrogen (H ₂ ) is introduced from the anode 313, and oxygen ions (O ^2- ) and hydrogen (H ₂ ) moved to the anode 313 through the electrolyte 312 Reacts electrochemically to generate water (H ₂ O) and electrons (e-). Since electrons are consumed in the cathode 311, electricity flows when the cathode 311 and the anode 313 are connected to each other.

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310 includes electrochemical unreacted substances such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), which may be included in the fuel supplied to the anode 313, and unreacted hydrogen (H _{2 ).} ) And the reaction product water (liquid or gaseous H ₂ O) are discharged. In addition, unreacted oxygen and nitrogen are discharged from the cathode 311 of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310.

Referring to FIG. 3B, in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320, hydrogen (H ₂ ) is generated as hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and electrons (e-) in the catalyst layer 322 formed on the anode 321. do. Hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) move to the cathode 324 through the polymer membrane 323. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 produces steam (H ₂ O) by reacting hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) in the catalyst layer 325 formed on the cathode 324. When the catalyst layer 322 formed on the anode 321 and the catalyst layer 325 formed on the cathode 324 are connected to each other, electricity flows.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 discharges residual substances such as unreacted hydrogen (H ₂ ) from the catalyst layer 322 of the anode 321. In addition, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 discharges unreacted oxygen and water (H ₂ O) from the cathode 324.

In addition, in the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbonate ions (CO ₃ ^2- ) react at the anode, resulting in water (H ₂ O), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), and electrons (e-). Is created. The generated carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is sent to a cathode, and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) react at the cathode to produce carbonate ions (CO ₃ ^2- ). Carbonate ions (CO ₃ ^2- ) move to the anode through the electrolyte. In the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) generated in the process of generating electricity may be circulated inside the fuel cell without discharging to the outside.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4, the hydrogen generation unit 400 includes a device for generating fuel, that is, hydrogen (H ₂ ) gas required for an anode of the fuel cell 210 by using a raw material. In the present specification, raw materials and raw water flowing into the hydrogen generating unit 400 are defined as fuel, and what is generated in the hydrogen generating unit 400 and flowing into the fuel cell 210 is defined as fuel.

The hydrogen generation unit 400 may be designed in various ways according to the type of fuel cell 210 or to improve electricity generation efficiency. For example, when the fuel cell 210 is a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) or a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the hydrogen generation unit 400 may be implemented by including a reformer and a combustor. . As another example, when the fuel cell 210 is a phosphoric acid type fuel cell (PAFC) or a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), the hydrogen generating unit 400 includes a reformer and a combustor, as well as a water gas shift reactor. , WGS) may be further included.

The water gasification reactor (WGS) is a high temperature water gasification reactor (HTS, High-Temeperature Shift reactor), a medium temperature water gasification reactor (MTS, Mid-Temperature Shift reactor), a low temperature water gasification reactor (LTS, Low-Temperature Shift reactor), Or it may include a carbon monoxide remover. The carbon monoxide remover may include a selective oxidation reactor (Preferential Oxidation, PROX) for removing only carbon monoxide (CO) by burning, or a methanation reactor for reducing the concentration by reacting carbon monoxide (CO) with hydrogen (H ₂ ). .

In the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention with reference to FIG. 4, an example of the hydrogen generation unit 400 will be described as follows.

The hydrogen generation unit 400 may include a raw material processing unit 410, a raw material water treatment unit 420, a reformer 430, and a combustor 440.

The raw material processing unit 410 pre-processes raw materials supplied from a raw material supply unit including a raw material storage tank. For example, the raw material processing unit 410 may include an LNG evaporator 411 for evaporating liquefied natural gas supplied from an LNG storage tank and a vaporizer installed in the LNG evaporator 411. If the raw material is a liquid raw material having a relatively high molecular weight, such as marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), heavy fuel oil (HFO), etc., the raw material processing unit ( 410) is implemented by including a heater that applies heat to marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), or general heavy oil (HFO) and a methanizer that generates methane (CH4) by catalytic reaction of the heated raw material. Can be. In addition, the raw material processing unit 410 may include a filter for removing impurities contained in the raw material or a desulfurization device for removing sulfides.

The raw material water treatment unit 420 pre-treats raw material water supplied from a raw material water supply unit including a raw material water storage tank. The raw material water treatment unit 420 generates steam (H ₂ O) by heating the raw material water, for example, and supplies the steam (H ₂ O) to a reformer. The raw material water treatment unit 420 may include, for example, a heat exchanger that heats raw material water with waste heat of exhaust gas generated from the combustor 440. In addition, the raw material water treatment unit 420 may be implemented by including a steam separator for separating moisture (water droplets) contained in exhaust gas or steam of the fuel cell system. In addition, the raw material water treatment unit 420 may use activated carbon, a resin for removing ions, etc. to maintain the purity required by the fuel cell system, and may include a sensor and a control system for measuring the raw material water. As another example, the raw material water treatment unit 420 may include an external water supply line and system for maintaining a predetermined level of water.

The reformer 430 performs a reforming reaction of the pretreated raw material supplied from the raw material processing unit 410 and the steam (H ₂ O) supplied from the raw material water treatment unit 420 to generate hydrogen (H ₂ ). It generates a reformed gas containing. In performing such a reforming reaction, the reformer 330 may use heat energy provided from the combustor 440. Hereinafter, in the present specification, the reformed gas emitted from the reformer 330 is defined as fuel.

The reformer 430 is implemented by including a reforming catalyst layer that triggers a reforming reaction. The reforming catalyst layer has a structure in which the reforming catalyst is filled with a catalyst supported on a carrier. The reforming catalyst is made of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), platinum (Pt), and the like, and the shape of the carrier supporting the catalyst may be, for example, a granular shape, a pellet shape, and a honeycomb shape, and the material constituting the support May be ceramic, heat-resistant metal, or the like, such as alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) or titania (TiO ₂ ).

In the fuel cell system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the reformer 330 may be installed outside the fuel cell 210. In this case, the fuel cell 210 is implemented in an external reforming type. In the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the reformer 330 may be installed in the form of a reforming catalyst layer inside the fuel cell 210. In this case, the fuel cell 210 is implemented in an internal reforming type.

The combustor 440 provides heat so that the reforming reaction proceeds smoothly in the reformer 430. When the heating temperature of the reformer by the combustor 440 is low, the reforming reaction by the endothermic reaction of the reformer 430 does not proceed well, and moisture (water droplets) may be generated in the reformer 430. have. When the heating temperature of the combustor 440 is high, the catalytic activity of the reforming catalyst layer of the reformer 430 may decrease.

In order to improve the overall efficiency of the system, the combustor 440 includes raw materials pretreated by the raw material processing unit 410, exhaust gas discharged from an anode of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell 210, or both. A mixture of can be used as a raw material. The combustor 440 may use air supplied from the air supply unit 130 (shown in FIG. 1 ). In the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the combustor 440 may additionally use air discharged from a cathode of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell 210.

Although not shown, the hydrogen generating unit 400 may further include one or more temperature sensors, and the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the reformer 430. The temperature of the reformer 430 is the optimum temperature depending on the configuration of the reformer 430 and the mixing ratio of the raw material pretreated in the raw material processing unit 410 and steam (H ₂ O). The range changes. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the control unit 250 (shown in Fig. 2), the control unit 250 uses a signal output from a temperature sensor to determine the amount of raw material combustion in the combustor 440. By increasing or decreasing the temperature of the reformer 430 is controlled. For example, the controller 250 may be implemented to control within a range of about ±20°C with respect to the optimum temperature range.

Here, the gas generated through the reforming reaction in the reformer 430 includes not only hydrogen (H ₂ ) but also carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ). When the fuel cell 210 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), carbon monoxide (CO) poisons the electrode catalyst of the fuel cell stack of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) to shorten the life of the fuel cell 210. Accordingly, in order to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) to 10 to 20 ppm or less, the hydrogen generation unit 400 may further include a water gasification reactor (WGS) 450.

The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may react carbon monoxide (CO) and steam (H ₂ O) to produce carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and hydrogen (H ₂ ). The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may include a high temperature water gasification reactor (HTS) and a low temperature water gasification reactor (LTS) as shown in FIG. 4.

The optimum temperature of the high-temperature water gasification reactor (HTS) and the low-temperature water gasification reactor (LTS) depends on the type of catalyst used, and the composition of the discharged gas is determined by equilibrium of the control temperature. Although not shown in FIG. 4, a cooler and a temperature sensor may be installed in the high-temperature water gasification reactor HTS and the low-temperature water gasification reactor LTS, respectively. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes a control unit 250 (shown in Fig. 2), the control unit 250 controls the cooler using a signal output from a temperature sensor to control the high-temperature water gasification reactor. (HTS) and the temperature of the low-temperature water gasification reactor (LTS) are controlled. For example, the high-temperature water gasification reactor (HTS) is controlled within the range of 300 to 430 °C, and the low temperature water gasification reactor (LTS) is controlled within the range of 200 to 250 °C.

Although not shown, the water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may include a carbon monoxide remover. The carbon monoxide remover removes a very small amount of carbon monoxide (CO) that has not been completely treated in the low-temperature water gasification reactor (LTS) after the low-temperature water gasification reactor (LTS). The carbon monoxide remover receives air from the air supply unit and converts carbon monoxide (CO) into hydrogen (Preferential Oxidation, PROX), or carbon monoxide (CO), which burns and removes only carbon monoxide (CO) among gases discharged from the low-temperature water gasification reactor (LTS). It may include a methanation reactor to reduce the concentration by reacting with H ₂ ).

The selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is equipped with a cooler and a temperature sensor. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes a control unit 250 (shown in FIG. 2), the control unit 250 controls the cooler using a signal output from a temperature sensor, thereby controlling the selective oxidation reactor (PROX). ) To control the temperature. For example, the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is controlled within the range of 120 ~ 160 ℃. However, the optimum temperature of the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is set differently depending on conditions such as the type of catalyst used and the method of use.

The catalyst layer of the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) has a structure filled with a carrier supporting a selective oxidation catalyst. The selective oxidation catalyst is made of platinum (Pt), etc., and the shape of the support supporting the catalyst may be, for example, a granular shape, a pellet shape, and a honeycomb shape, and the material constituting the support is, for example, alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ). , Magnesium oxide (MgO), etc.

5 to 7 are conceptual diagrams of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

5 and 6, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell 210, a hydrogen generation unit 400, a filter unit 220, and an ultrapure water extraction unit 230. , An ultrapure water storage unit 260, and an evaporator 240. The fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generation unit 400, the filter unit 220, the ultrapure water extracting unit 230, and the ultrapure water storage unit. It may be implemented by including a control unit 250 that controls the operation of all components including the evaporator 240 and the like 260.

The fuel cell 210 is an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), or It may be a fuel cell selected from direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC).

The filter unit 220 removes organic matter from a fluid (eg, fresh water) introduced from the outside. For example, the filter unit 220 may be an activated carbon filter. In this case, organic matter contained in the fresh water may be removed by the adsorption function of the activated carbon contained in the filter unit 220 while passing through the filter unit 220. That is, the filter unit 220 may remove organic matter contained in a fluid introduced from the outside, and discharge the fluid from which the organic matter has been removed to the ultrapure water extracting unit 230.

The ultrapure water extracting unit 230 extracts ultrapure water from the fluid that has passed through the filter unit 220. For example, the ultrapure water extracting unit 230 removes ions in the water by exchanging ions in fresh water with ions (H ⁺ , OH-) of the ion exchange resin using a mixed resin cartridge composed of an ion exchange resin. Can be extracted. The ultrapure water extracting unit 230 may supply the extracted ultrapure water to the evaporator 240 and the fuel cell system 200.

The evaporator 240 heats the extracted ultrapure water while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit 220. Accordingly, the evaporator 240 can produce steam (H ₂ O) by vaporizing the ultrapure water extracted while passing through the ultrapure water extraction unit 220. Steam (H ₂ O) produced while passing through the evaporator 240 may be supplied to the reformer 430. In other words, the evaporator 240 is the use of ultrapure water to produce steam (H ₂ O), and the organic material is removed, the steam (H ₂ O) is supplied to the reformer 430 can be used in the reforming reaction. Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention reduces impurities contained in the steam (H ₂ O) supplied to the reformer 430, thereby preventing the reforming reaction of the reformer 430. It can prevent the lowering of the efficiency.

The ultrapure water stored in the ultrapure water storage unit 260 may be used for cooling the fuel cell 310 of the fuel cell system 200 or other devices. That is, the ultrapure water authored in the ultrapure water storage unit 260 may be used as cooling water for the fuel cell system 200. For example, the ultrapure water storage unit 260 supplies ultrapure water to at least one of the evaporator 240 and the fuel cell 310, so that the ultrapure water for at least one of the evaporator 240 and the fuel cell 310 It can be used for cooling. The ultrapure water storage unit 260 may maintain the operating temperature of the fuel cell 310 by allowing ultrapure water to flow through a cooling line installed in the stack for cooling the fuel cell 310. In addition, by allowing ultrapure water to flow to a power control unit 250 such as an inverter of the fuel cell system 200 and a heat exchange unit, the fuel cell system 200 may operate stably without damage due to heat. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is implemented including the control unit 250, the ultrapure water storage unit 260 is controlled by the evaporator 240 according to the control of the control unit 250. And it is possible to supply ultrapure water to main devices such as a stack and an inverter in the fuel cell system 200.

Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention can achieve the following effects.

First, since it can contribute to improving the operating efficiency of the reformer 430, it can contribute to improving the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 310 that generates power by using hydrogen generated from the reformer 430.

Second, the fuel cell system 200 is stably operated by preventing pipe clogging and attracting the operating temperature of the system by using ultrapure water to cool the main devices of the fuel cell system or the fuel cell 310 Can contribute to

Referring to FIG. 7, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by including an ultrapure water storage unit 260 and a condenser 270.

The condenser 270 condenses the exhaust gas discharged from the anode 313 of the fuel cell 310. The condenser 270 may generate moisture (water droplets) by condensing exhaust gas discharged from the anode 313 of the fuel cell 310. The condenser 270 may be connected to the fuel cell 310 and the ultrapure water storage unit 260. The condenser 270 may discharge residual gas after condensation to the outside or may supply it to the intercombustor 440. In this case, the condenser 270 may recondensate the ultrapure water supplied to the reformer 430 and supply it to the ultrapure water storage unit 260.

Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is implemented to re-extract ultrapure water from the exhaust gas discharged from the anode 313 of the fuel cell 310. Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention can reduce the supply of raw material water from the raw material water supply unit 120 required to maintain the amount of ultrapure water by recycling the re-extracted ultrapure water, In addition, it can contribute to reducing the cost of producing ultrapure water.

8 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8, the condenser 270 condenses exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 440. The condenser 270 may generate moisture (water droplets) by condensing exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 440. The condenser 270 may be connected to the combustor 440 and the ultrapure water storage unit 260. The condenser 270 may discharge residual gas after condensation to the outside. In this case, the condenser 270 may recondensate the ultrapure water supplied to the reformer 430 and supply it to the ultrapure water storage unit 260. Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is implemented to re-extract ultrapure water from the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 440. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the third embodiment of the present invention can reduce the supply of raw material water from the raw material water supply unit 120 required to maintain the amount of ultrapure water used by recycling the re-extracted ultrapure water. Therefore, it can contribute to reducing the cost required to additionally produce ultrapure water.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a ship according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a ship according to the present invention.

Referring to Figure 9, the ship 900 according to the present invention is a power generation system 100 is installed in the hull 910. The power generation system 100 includes a fuel cell system 200. The fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell 210, a hydrogen generation unit 400, a filter unit 220, an ultrapure water extraction unit 230, an ultrapure water storage unit 260, and It includes an evaporator 240. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generation unit 400, the filter unit 220, the ultrapure water extracting unit 230, the ultrapure water storage unit 260, and It may be implemented including a control unit 250 that controls the operation of all components including the evaporator 240 and the like.

The fuel cell 210 is an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), or It may be a fuel cell selected from direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC).

The filter unit 220 removes organic matter from a fluid (eg, fresh water) introduced from the outside. For example, the filter unit 220 may be an activated carbon filter. In this case, organic matter contained in the fresh water may be removed by the adsorption function of the activated carbon contained in the filter unit 220 while passing through the filter unit 220. That is, the filter unit 220 may remove organic matter contained in a fluid introduced from the outside, and discharge the fluid from which the organic matter has been removed to the ultrapure water extracting unit 230.

The ultrapure water extracting unit 230 extracts ultrapure water from the fluid that has passed through the filter unit 220. For example, the ultrapure water extracting unit 230 removes ions in the water by exchanging ions in fresh water with ions (H ⁺ , OH-) of the ion exchange resin using a mixed resin cartridge composed of an ion exchange resin. Can be extracted. The ultrapure water extraction unit 230 may supply the extracted ultrapure water to the evaporator 240.

The ultrapure water stored in the ultrapure water storage unit 260 may be used for cooling the fuel cell 310 of the fuel cell system 200 or other devices. That is, the ultrapure water authored in the ultrapure water storage unit 260 may be used as cooling water for the fuel cell system 200. For example, the ultrapure water storage unit 260 supplies ultrapure water to at least one of the evaporator 240 and the fuel cell 310, so that the ultrapure water for at least one of the evaporator 240 and the fuel cell 310 It can be used for cooling. The ultrapure water storage unit 260 may maintain the operating temperature of the fuel cell 310 by allowing ultrapure water to flow through a cooling line installed in the stack for cooling the fuel cell 310. In addition, by allowing ultrapure water to flow to a power control unit 250 such as an inverter of the fuel cell system 200 and a heat exchange unit, the fuel cell system 200 may operate stably without damage due to heat. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is implemented including the control unit 250, the ultrapure water storage unit 260 is controlled by the evaporator 240 according to the control of the control unit 250. And it is possible to supply ultrapure water to main devices such as a stack and an inverter in the fuel cell system 200.

The evaporator 240 heats the extracted ultrapure water while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit 220. Accordingly, the evaporator 240 can produce steam (H ₂ O) by vaporizing the ultrapure water extracted while passing through the ultrapure water extraction unit 220. Steam (H ₂ O) produced while passing through the evaporator 240 may be supplied to the reformer 430. In other words, the evaporator 240 is the use of ultrapure water to produce steam (H ₂ O), and the organic material is removed, the steam (H ₂ O) is supplied to the reformer 430 can be used in the reforming reaction. Accordingly, the ship 900 according to the present invention reduces impurities contained in the steam (H ₂ O) supplied to the reformer 430, thereby preventing the efficiency of the reforming reaction of the reformer 430 from deteriorating. can do. Therefore, the ship 900 according to the present invention can contribute to improving the operating efficiency of the reformer 430, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 310 that generates power by using hydrogen generated from the reformer 430. You can contribute to making it happen.

1 to 8, the hull 910 forms the overall appearance of the ship 900 according to the present invention. The hull 910 is provided with an engine generating propulsion for moving the hull 910 and a raw material supply unit 110 supplying raw materials to the engine. For example, raw materials are hydrocarbon-based materials, such as LNG (liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), gasoline, dimethyl ether, methane gas, hydrogen refined off-gas, and pure water It may be a liquid raw material having a relatively high molecular weight such as cattle, and marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), heavy fuel oil (HFO), and the like.

The hull 910 is provided with a raw material water supply unit 120 for supplying raw material water required for the reforming reaction of the hydrogen generating unit 400. The raw material water may be, for example, fresh water or sea water. As another example, the raw material water may be fresh water or water in which impurities have been removed from seawater.

An air supply unit 130 for supplying air to the fuel cell system 200 is installed in the hull 910. Typically, air refers to a gas including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the like, but in the present specification, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or both gases are removed from the air. The air supply unit 130 may include an air storage tank and a device (eg, a blower) supplying air from the air storage tank. As another example, the air supply unit 130 may be implemented to supply compressed high-pressure air after receiving and compressing external air, or supplying it at normal pressure after removing impurities from external air.

The hull 910 includes a DC-DC converter for boosting or reducing the output current from the fuel cell system 200 and a DC-AC inverter for converting DC current (Dc) into AC current (AC). The unit 140 is installed. The power conversion unit 140 discharges electricity supplied from the fuel cell system 200 as a power load. For example, in the case of a ship, the power load may be an electrical equipment in a ship such as basic electrical equipment of a ship and electric equipment of a cargo system. Although not shown, the power conversion unit 140 may be implemented to supply electricity to an energy storage device, for example, a battery.

In this specification, the term "ship" is not limited to mean a structure sailing on the water, as well as a structure that sails on the water, as well as a floating crude oil production storage and handling facility (FPSO) that floats on the water and performs work. Includes the same marine structure.

Until now, the present specification has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings so that those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs can easily understand and reproduce the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible from the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention should be determined only by the appended claims.

100: power generation system
110: raw material supply unit 120: raw material water supply unit
130: air supply unit 140: power conversion unit
200: fuel cell system
210: fuel cell 220: filter unit
230: ultrapure water extraction unit 240: evaporator
250: control unit 260: ultrapure water storage unit
270: condenser

Claims (5)

As a ship,
A raw material supply unit for supplying raw materials;
A raw material water supply unit for supplying raw material water;
A fuel cell system for generating electricity by using the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit and the raw material water supplied from the raw material water supply unit; And
Including a power conversion unit for converting the DC current (Dc) output from the fuel cell system to the AC current (AC),
The fuel cell system,
A hydrogen generation unit including a reformer for generating fuel containing hydrogen by reforming the steam generated using the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit and the raw material water supplied from the raw material water supply unit and a combustor for heating the reformer ;
A fuel cell that generates electricity using fuel supplied from the reformer;
A filter unit for removing organic matter from the fluid flowing from the outside;
An ultrapure water extraction unit for extracting ultrapure water from the fluid passing through the filter unit; And
An evaporator for heating the extracted ultrapure water while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit so that steam (H ₂ O) is generated from the ultrapure water extracted while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit,
Steam (H ₂ O) generated while passing through the evaporator is supplied to the reformer,
An ultrapure water storage unit for storing the ultrapure water extracted while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit, and by condensing the exhaust gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell or the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor, bypassing the filter unit to store the ultrapure water Further comprising a condenser for transferring to the part,
The ultrapure water storage unit, characterized in that to supply the ultrapure water extracted while passing through the condenser to at least one of the evaporator and the fuel cell. The method of claim 1,
A vessel, characterized in that the ultrapure water stored in the ultrapure water storage unit is used as cooling water for the fuel cell system. A hydrogen generation unit including a reformer for generating a fuel containing hydrogen by reforming the raw material and steam and a combustor for heating the reformer;
A fuel cell that generates electricity using fuel supplied from the reformer;
A filter unit for removing organic matter from the fluid flowing from the outside;
An ultrapure water extraction unit for extracting ultrapure water from the fluid passing through the filter unit; And
An evaporator for heating the extracted ultrapure water while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit so that steam (H ₂ O) is generated from the ultrapure water extracted while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit,
Steam (H ₂ O) generated while passing through the evaporator is supplied to the reformer,
An ultrapure water storage unit for storing the ultrapure water extracted while passing through the ultrapure water extracting unit, and by condensing the exhaust gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell or the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor, bypassing the filter unit to store the ultrapure water Further comprising a condenser for transferring to the part,
The ultrapure water storage unit supplies ultrapure water extracted while passing through the condenser to at least one of the evaporator and the fuel cell. delete delete

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