KR20170015822A - Fuel cell system and ship having the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a ship having the same. The fuel cell system stores a fuel overproduced in a hydrogen producing unit into an emergency fuel storage tank, stores a part of air supplied from an air supplying unit in an emergency air storage tank, and can stably produce electricity by supplying the fuel stored in the emergency fuel storage tank or the air stored in the emergency air storage tank to a fuel cell, in an emergency situation where fuel supply or air supply is not smooth.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a fuel cell system,

The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly power generation system, and more particularly, to a fuel cell system and a ship having the fuel cell system.

In general, most of the total energy comes from fossil fuels. However, the reserves of fossil fuels are limited, and the use of fossil fuels has serious effects on the environment such as air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. Environmentally friendly power generation systems have been developed to solve the problems associated with the use of such fossil fuels.

Environmentally friendly power generation systems include power generation systems that produce electricity by converting renewable energy, including sunlight, water, geothermal, precipitation, and bio-organisms. In addition, an environmentally friendly power generation system includes a fuel cell system that includes a fuel cell that converts fossil fuel or generates electricity through a chemical reaction such as hydrogen and oxygen.

Alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cell (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Each of these fuel cells operates on essentially the same principle, but the operating temperature, electrolyte, power generation efficiency, and power generation performance are different.

The fuel cell system according to the prior art is applied to a home or an electric vehicle, which is a small structure. However, in order to apply to a large structure, the fuel cell system according to the prior art has the following problems because the modularized fuel cell is used in a large amount or the power generation output of the fuel cell module is relatively large.

First, when the required power generation output is increased, the hydrogen generator produces excess fuel in the process of generating fuel including hydrogen. Therefore, the fuel cell system according to the related art has a problem that the fuel is wasted and the operating cost is increased.

Second, some of the equipment may fail during power generation. Particularly, it may happen that the raw material supply or the air supply is not performed smoothly. Therefore, in the fuel cell system according to the related art, there is a problem that it is difficult to supply the safe electricity when an emergency state occurs due to a failure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell system and a ship having the fuel cell system, which can reduce operational expenses by preventing fuel waste due to overproduction of fuel.

The present invention provides a fuel cell system capable of safely supplying electricity when an emergency state occurs due to a failure, and a ship having the fuel cell system.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention can include the following configuration.

A fuel cell system according to the present invention includes: a hydrogen generator for generating a fuel including hydrogen used in a fuel cell; An anode for supplying fuel containing hydrogen from the hydrogen generating unit and discharging the exhaust gas; a cathode for supplying air, which is an oxidant required for the fuel cell reaction; and an anode, A fuel cell for generating electricity including an electrolyte acting as a transferring of ions generated in the fuel cell; An emergency fuel storage tank for storing a portion of the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generator to the anode of the fuel cell, and an emergency fuel supply unit for supplying the fuel stored in the emergency fuel storage tank to the anode of the fuel cell. ; And a control unit for controlling the emergency fuel supply unit to supply fuel to an anode of the fuel cell when an emergency occurs.

The fuel cell system according to the present invention may further comprise an emergency air storage tank for storing a part of the air supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell and a cathode for storing the air stored in the emergency air storage tank, The emergency air supply unit may control the emergency air supply unit to supply air to the cathode of the fuel cell when an emergency occurs.

A ship according to the present invention includes an anode for supplying fuel containing hydrogen from a hydrogen generating unit and discharging exhaust gas, a cathode for supplying air, which is an oxidant required for a fuel cell reaction, And an electrolyte that serves to transfer ions generated in the cathode to generate electricity. An emergency fuel storage tank for storing a portion of the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generator to the anode of the fuel cell, and an emergency fuel supply unit for supplying the fuel stored in the emergency fuel storage tank to the anode of the fuel cell. ; And a control unit for controlling the emergency fuel supply unit to supply fuel to the anode of the fuel cell and the emergency air supply unit to supply air to the cathode when an emergency occurs. A raw material supply unit for supplying a raw material to the hydrogen generating unit; A raw water supply unit for supplying raw water to the hydrogen generating unit; An air supply unit for supplying air to the hydrogen generating unit; An emergency air supply unit for supplying air to the cathode of the fuel cell when an emergency occurs; And a power conversion unit for boosting or reducing the direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell or converting it into an alternating current (AC).

According to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.

The present invention can reduce the waste of fuel and air by storing the fuel that is overproduced in the hydrogen generator in the emergency fuel storage tank and storing a part of the air supplied from the air supplier in the emergency air storage tank.

The present invention relates to a fuel cell system that stores fuel that is overproduced in a hydrogen producing unit in an emergency fuel storage tank and stores a part of the air supplied from an air supplying unit in an emergency air storage tank, A fuel cell system capable of stably generating electricity by supplying the fuel stored in the emergency fuel storage tank and the air stored in the emergency air storage tank to the fuel cell, and a ship having the fuel cell system.

The present invention is embodied by including an electric storage unit for storing electricity produced in a fuel cell, thereby providing electricity necessary for the emergency fuel supply unit or the emergency air supply unit in the event of an emergency.

The present invention is embodied to supply fuel from the emergency fuel supply unit to the anode of the fuel cell and supply air from the emergency air supply unit to the cathode of the fuel cell so that the hydrogen generator fails or the raw material or air It is possible to stably generate electricity in the fuel cell even if an emergency situation occurs in which the hydrogen generator is not smoothly supplied.

1 is a conceptual diagram of an overall system according to the present invention;
2 is a conceptual diagram of a fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining the operation of the fuel cell used in the present invention. FIG. 3A is a conceptual diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
3B is a conceptual diagram of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC)
4 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a hydrogen generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention
6 is a diagram showing another configuration of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention
Figs. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing the configuration of the fuel cell system of Fig. 6 according to the first embodiment
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the fuel cell system of Fig. 6 according to the second embodiment
9 is a schematic view showing an example of a ship according to the present invention

Hereinafter, embodiments of the fuel cell system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is applied to a power generation system 100 to perform a function of generating electricity. Before describing the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the power generation system 100 will be described first.

The power generation system 100 includes a raw material supply unit 110, a raw water supply unit 120, an air supply unit 130, a power conversion unit 140, and a fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention.

The raw material supply unit 110 includes a raw material storage tank and supplies raw materials stored in the raw material storage tank. For example, the raw material is a material of a hydrocarbon series, LNG (liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), methanol (CH ₃ OH), ethanol (C ₂ H ₅ OH), petrol, dimethyl ether, methane, Hydrogen purification off-gas, pure hydrogen, or the like.

For example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to an automobile, the raw material supply unit 110 is implemented including a raw material storage tank and a device (for example, a pump) for supplying raw materials stored in the raw material storage tank. As another example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to an LNG carrier, the raw material supply unit 110 supplies LNG (liquefied natural gas) from the LNG storage tank. As another example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to a diesel engine ship, the raw material supply unit 110 is implemented including a diesel fuel storage tank and an apparatus for supplying diesel fuel from the diesel fuel storage tank.

The raw water supply part 120 may include a raw water storage tank and a device (for example, a pump) for supplying the raw water stored in the raw water storage tank. The raw water may be, for example, water (constant water), fresh water, or seawater. As another example, the raw water may be impurity-treated water or ion-removed water in fresh water or seawater. As another example, the raw water may be water in the state where impurities are removed from fresh water or seawater.

The air supply unit 130 supplies air to the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention. Normally, air means a gas including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and the like, but also includes the case where nitrogen or carbon dioxide is removed from air or all gases other than oxygen are removed. The air supply unit 130 may include an air storage tank and a device (for example, a blower) for supplying air from the air storage tank. As another example, the air supply unit 130 may be configured to supply external air and compress the high-pressure air, or supply the compressed high-pressure air at normal pressure.

The power conversion unit 140 includes a DC-DC converter for boosting or reducing the output voltage from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, and a DC-AC converter for converting a direct current (DC) An inverter or the like. The power conversion unit 140 discharges the electric power supplied from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention to the electric power load. The electric power load may be, for example, in-ship electrical equipment such as a ship's basic electrical equipment and cargo-system electrical equipment in the case of a ship. Although not shown, the power conversion unit 140 may be implemented to transmit and store electricity to an energy storage device, for example, a battery.

The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention produces electricity using fuel, water (H ₂ O), and air. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can be used in a small structure such as a home or an automobile, and can be used in a large structure such as a ship. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented to operate in conjunction with a diesel engine, a gas engine, a steam turbine, a gas turbine, or a Rankine Cycle that uses the combustion energy of the fuel.

Hereinafter, a fuel cell system 100 according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 2, the fuel cell system 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell 210, and a hydrogen generation unit 400. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented by including a controller 250 for controlling all operations including the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generator 400, and the like. In this specification, what is introduced into the hydrogen generator 400 is defined as the raw material and the raw water, and the fuel that is generated in the hydrogen generator 400 and introduced into the fuel cell 210 is defined as fuel.

The fuel cell 210 is implemented including a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack has an electrolyte layer formed between a cathode and an anode and a separator for supplying hydrogen and supplying air and recovering heat to the anode and the cathode And the unit cell modules are connected in series by the required number of units.

The fuel cell 210 may include a temperature sensor and a device for maintaining temperature, that is, a heater, a cathode fan, a fuel electrode fan, a cooling plate, and the like. The temperature sensor senses the temperature of the fuel cell stack, the temperature of the cathode, and the temperature of the anode. The heater can heat the fuel cell to maintain the temperature required for the operation. The air cathode fan dissipates heat generated at the cathode of the fuel cell stack. The fuel electrode fan dissipates the heat generated from the anode of the fuel cell stack. The air cathode fan and the anode cathode fan may be implemented as a part of a heat exchanger used in a fuel cell stack.

When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the control unit 250, the control unit 250 controls the heater, the cathode fan, and the anode electrode fan using the signal output from the temperature sensor, ) Is appropriately maintained. For example, the control unit 250 maintains the operating temperature of the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) at 190 to 210 ° C, maintains the operating temperature of the MCFC at 550 to 650 ° C, In the case of oxide fuel cells (SOFC), the operating temperature is maintained at 650 to 1000 ° C. For polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFC), the operating temperature is maintained at 30 to 80 ° C.

Hereinafter, the operation of the fuel cell 210 included in the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B. FIG. 3A is a conceptual configuration diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and FIG. 3B is a conceptual configuration diagram of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC).

3A, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310 includes a cathode 311, an anode 313, and a cathode 313. The anode 313 is connected to the anode 312 through an electrolyte 312, . Fuel containing hydrogen (H ₂ ) flows in the anode 313 and oxygen ions O ^2- and hydrogen H ₂ which have moved to the anode 313 through the electrolyte 312 are introduced into the anode 313, (H ₂ O) and electrons (e-) are generated by electrochemical reaction. Since electrons are consumed in the cathode 311, electricity flows when the cathode 311 and the anode 313 are connected to each other.

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) (310) is a fuel electrode (anode) (313) unreacted and electrochemical unreacted material as a the fuel carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ₂₎ that may be included in the feed to hydrogen (H ₂ ) And the water (liquid or gaseous H ₂ O) as the reaction product. In addition, unreacted oxygen and nitrogen are discharged from the cathode 311 of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310.

Referring to FIG. 3B, the PEMFC 320 includes a catalyst layer 322 formed on the anode 321, and hydrogen (H ₂ ) is generated as hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and electrons (e-) do. The hydrogen ions H ⁺ move to the cathode 324 through the polymer electrolyte membrane 323. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 reacts with hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) in the catalyst layer 325 formed on the cathode 324 to produce steam (H ₂ O). When the catalyst layer 322 formed on the anode 321 and the catalyst layer 325 formed on the cathode 324 are connected to each other, electricity flows.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 discharges residual material such as unreacted hydrogen (H ₂ ) from the catalyst layer 322 of the anode 321. In addition, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 discharges unreacted oxygen and water (H ₂ O) from the cathode 324.

In the MCFC, hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbonic acid ions (CO ₃ ^2- ) react with each other in the anode to form water (H ₂ O), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) Is generated. The generated carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is sent to the cathode, and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) react with each other at the cathode to produce carbonate ion (CO ₃ ^2- ). Carbonate ions (CO ₃ ^2- ) move through the electrolyte to the anode. In a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) generated in the process of generating electricity can be implemented to be circulated in the fuel cell without being discharged to the outside.

2 and 4, the hydrogen generator 400 includes an apparatus for generating a fuel, that is, hydrogen (H ₂ ) gas, necessary for the anode of the fuel cell 210 using the raw material. In the present specification, the fuel that is generated in the hydrogen generator 400 and introduced into the fuel cell 210 is defined as the fuel that is introduced into the hydrogen generator 400 as raw material and raw water.

The hydrogen generator 400 may be designed to have various structures depending on the type of the fuel cell 210 or to improve electricity generation efficiency. For example, when the fuel cell 210 is a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) or a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the hydrogen generator 400 may include a reformer and a combustor . In another example, when the fuel cell 210 is a PAFC or a PEMFC, the hydrogen generator 400 may be a water gas shift reactor , ≪ / RTI > WGS).

The water gasification reactor (WGS) may be a high temperature shift reactor (HTS), a mid-temperature shift reactor (MTS), a low-temperature shift reactor (LTS) Or a carbon monoxide remover. The carbon monoxide remover may include a selective oxidation reactor (PROX) for burning and removing only carbon monoxide (CO), or a methanation reactor for reducing carbon monoxide (CO) to hydrogen (H ₂ ) .

Referring to FIG. 4, an example of the hydrogen generator 400 in the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention will be described as follows.

The hydrogen generator 400 may include a raw material processing unit 410, a raw material water processing unit 420, a reformer 430, and a combustor 440.

The raw material processing unit 410 preprocesses the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit including the raw material storage tank. For example, the raw material treatment unit 410 may include an LNG evaporator for evaporating the liquefied natural gas supplied from the LNG storage tank and a vaporizer installed in the LNG evaporator. When the raw material is a liquid raw material having a relatively high molecular weight such as Marine Gas Oil (MGO), Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), etc., 410 includes a heater that applies heat to marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), or general heavy oil (HFO), and a methanizer that generates methane (CH4) by catalyzing the heated raw material . The raw material treatment unit 410 may include a filter for removing impurities contained in the raw material, and a desulfurizer for removing sulfide.

The raw water treatment unit 420 prepares the raw water supplied from the raw water supply unit including the raw water storage tank. The raw water treatment unit 420 generates steam (H ₂ O) by heating the raw water, and supplies the steam (H ₂ O) to a reformer. The raw water water treatment unit 420 may include a heat exchanger for heating the raw water to the waste heat of the exhaust gas generated in the combustor 440, for example. The raw water water treatment unit 420 may include a steam separator for separating moisture (water droplets) contained in the exhaust gas or steam of the fuel cell system. In addition, the raw water treatment unit 420 may use activated carbon, ion removal resin, or the like to maintain the purity required for the raw material water in the fuel cell system, and may include a sensor and a control system for measuring the same. As another example, the system may include an external water supply line and system for maintaining a certain level of water in the water supply unit 420.

The reformer 430 reforms the pre-treated raw material supplied from the raw material treatment unit 410 and the steam (H ₂ O) supplied from the raw water treatment unit 420 to supply hydrogen (H ₂ ) Thereby generating a reforming gas. In the reforming reaction, the reformer 330 may use thermal energy provided by the combustor 440. Hereinafter, the reformed gas from the reformer 330 is defined as a fuel.

The reformer 430 is implemented with a reforming catalyst layer that triggers a reforming reaction. The reforming catalyst layer has a structure in which the reforming catalyst is packed with a catalyst supported on the carrier. The reforming catalyst is composed of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), platinum (Pt) or the like. The shape of the carrier carrying the catalyst may be, for example, granular, pellet or honeycomb, Resistant metal such as alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), titania (TiO ₂ ), or the like.

In the fuel cell system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the reformer 330 may be installed outside the fuel cell 210. In this case, the fuel cell 210 is implemented as an external reforming type. In the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the reformer 330 may be installed inside the fuel cell 210 in the form of a reforming catalyst layer. In this case, the fuel cell 210 is implemented as an internal reforming type.

The combustor 440 provides heat to the reformer 430 to smoothly perform the reforming reaction. When the reformer heating temperature by the combustor 440 is low, the reforming reaction by the endothermic reaction of the reformer 430 does not progress well and moisture (water droplets) is generated in the reformer 430 . If the heating temperature of the combustor 440 is high, the catalytic activity of the reforming catalyst layer of the reformer 430 may be lowered.

The combustor 440 is connected to the raw material pretreated in the raw material treatment section 410, the exhaust gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell 210, Can be used as a raw material. The combustor 440 may use air supplied from the air supply unit 130 (shown in FIG. 1). In the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the combustor 440 may further use air discharged from the cathode of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell 210.

Although not shown, the hydrogen generator 400 may further include at least one temperature sensor, which detects the temperature of the reformer 430. The temperature of the reformer 430 may be adjusted according to the configuration of the reformer 430 and the mixing ratio of the raw material pretreated in the raw material processing unit 410 and steam (H ₂ O) The range changes. 2), the control unit 250 controls the amount of combustion of the combustor 440 based on the signal output from the temperature sensor, And the temperature of the reformer 430 is controlled. For example, the controller 250 may be configured to control the temperature within a range of about 20 ° C to an optimum temperature range.

Here, the gas generated through the reforming reaction in the reformer 430 includes not only hydrogen (H ₂ ) but also carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), and the like. When the fuel cell 210 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), carbon monoxide (CO) poisons the electrode catalyst of the fuel cell stack of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) to shorten the life of the fuel cell 210. In order to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) to 10 to 20 ppm or less, the hydrogen generating unit 400 may further include a water gasification reactor (WGS) 450.

The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 can produce carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and hydrogen (H ₂ ) by reacting carbon monoxide (CO) with steam (H ₂ O). The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may be implemented with a high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) and a low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) as shown in FIG.

The optimum temperature of the high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) and the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) varies depending on the type of the catalyst used and the composition of the gas discharged by the equilibrium of the control temperature is determined. Although not shown in FIG. 4, a cooler and a temperature sensor may be installed in the high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) and the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS), respectively. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the controller 250 (shown in FIG. 2), the controller 250 controls the cooler using the signal output from the temperature sensor, (HTS) and the temperature of the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS). For example, the high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) is controlled within a range of 300 to 430 ° C, and the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) is controlled within a range of 200 to 250 ° C.

Although not shown, the water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may include a carbon monoxide remover. The carbon monoxide remover removes a very small amount of carbon monoxide (CO) that is not completely treated in the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) at the end of the low temperature water gasification reactor (LTS). The carbon monoxide remover includes a selective oxidation unit (PROX) for supplying air from an air supply unit and burning only CO in the gas supplied from the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) H ₂ ) to reduce the concentration thereof.

The selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is equipped with a cooler and a temperature sensor. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the control unit 250 (shown in FIG. 2), the control unit 250 controls the cooler using the signal output from the temperature sensor, ). For example, the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is controlled within the range of 120 to 160 占 폚. However, the optimal temperature of the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is set differently depending on conditions such as the type of catalyst used and the method of use.

The catalyst layer of the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) comprises a structure filled with a carrier for supporting a selective oxidation catalyst. The selective oxidation catalyst is made of platinum (Pt) or the like, and the shape of the support carrying the catalyst may be, for example, a granular shape, a pellet shape, a honeycomb shape, etc. The material constituting the support may be alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) , Magnesium oxide (MgO), and the like.

Hereinafter, a fuel cell system 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

5 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 1 and 4, the same reference numerals are used.

5, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell 210, a hydrogen generator 400, an emergency fuel supply unit 510, and an emergency air supply unit 520 . The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can perform all the operations including the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generator 400, the emergency fuel supply unit 510, and the emergency air supply unit 520 And a control unit 250 for controlling the control unit 250.

The emergency fuel supply unit 510 includes an emergency fuel storage tank for storing a portion of the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generator 400 to the anode of the fuel cell 210, And a flow control valve for regulating a flow rate of fuel supplied to the anode of the fuel cell 210. A branching portion for branching the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generating portion 400 to the emergency fuel supply portion 510 may be installed between the hydrogen generating portion 400 and the anode of the fuel cell 210 .

The emergency air supply unit 520 includes an emergency air storage tank for storing a portion of the air supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell 210 and a cathode of the fuel cell 210 from the emergency air storage tank. And a flow rate control valve for controlling the flow rate of air supplied to the reaction chamber. A branching portion for branching the air supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell 210 to the emergency air supply portion 520 is provided between the air supply portion 130 and the cathode of the fuel cell 210, Can be installed.

The fuel cell 210 may generate electricity using the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generator 400 and the air supplied from the air supplier 130. The fuel cell 210 may generate electricity using fuel supplied from the emergency fuel supply unit 510 and air supplied from the emergency air supply unit 520.

The electricity generated by the fuel cell 210 may be stored in the electricity storage unit 150. The electricity storage unit 150 may be implemented as a battery. The control unit 250 of the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention operates the emergency fuel supply unit 510 or the emergency air supply unit 520 when air supply or fuel supply is not smooth . The control unit of the fuel cell system 200 and the electricity required for the emergency fuel supply unit 510 or the emergency air supply unit 520 may use the electricity stored in the electricity storage unit 150.

The control unit 250 of the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention monitors the amount of electricity used in the power load and, based on the result of the monitoring, Is generated. The control unit 250 of the fuel cell system 200 controls the branching unit 250 to branch some of the fuel discharged from the hydrogen generator 400 to the emergency fuel storage tank of the emergency fuel supply unit 510 (Not shown). The control unit 250 of the fuel cell system 200 controls the branching unit (not shown) to branch some of the air supplied from the air supply unit 130 to the emergency air storage tank of the emergency air supply unit 520 can do.

The fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention can achieve the following operational effects.

First, when excess hydrogen fuel is generated in the hydrogen generator 400, some of the fuel is stored in the emergency fuel storage tank of the emergency fuel supplier 510, and the air fuel is supplied from the air supplier 130 to the fuel cell 210 are stored in the emergency air storage tank of the emergency air supply unit 520, waste of fuel and air can be reduced.

The fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention supplies fuel from the emergency fuel supply unit 510 to the anode of the fuel cell 210 and supplies the fuel from the emergency air supply unit 520 The air is supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell 210 so that even if an emergency occurs in which the hydrogen generator 400 fails or the raw material or air is not supplied smoothly to the hydrogen generator 400 , The fuel cell 210 can stably generate electricity.

6 is another configuration diagram of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 1 and 5, the same reference numerals are used.

6, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell 210, a hydrogen generator 400, an emergency fuel supply unit 510, and an emergency air supply unit 520 May be implemented. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can be applied to all operations including the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generator 400, the emergency fuel supply unit 510, and the emergency air supply unit 520 And a control unit 250 for controlling the control unit 250.

6, the emergency air storage tank of the emergency air supply unit 520 may store a part of the air supplied from the air supply unit 130 to the cathode of the fuel cell 210. Also, the emergency air storage tank of the emergency air supply unit 520 may receive and store unreacted residual substances (for example, oxygen or air) discharged from the cathode of the fuel cell 210.

Hereinafter, a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

7A and 7B are block diagrams according to the fuel cell system 200 of FIG.

7A, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310, a raw material treatment unit 410, a raw water treatment unit 420, a reformer 430, a combustor 440, an emergency fuel supply unit 510, and an emergency air supply unit 520. 1 and 6, the same reference numerals are used.

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310 includes an unreacted residual material such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H ₂ ) that are not involved in the electrochemical reaction at the anode 313, and steam And supplies it to the combustor 440. In addition, the SOFC 310 supplies exhaust gas containing unreacted oxygen to the combustor 440 at a cathode 311.

The raw material processing unit 410 preprocesses the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit including the raw material storage tank. The raw material pretreated in the raw material treatment section 410 is supplied to the reformer 430. The reformer 430 reforms the raw material pretreated in the raw material treatment section 410 with steam (H ₂ O) to produce fuel containing hydrogen. The fuel supplied from the reformer 430 is supplied to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310 or the emergency fuel storage tank of the emergency fuel supply unit 510. The emergency fuel supply unit 510 stores the fuel supplied from the reformer 430 and supplies fuel to the anode of the SOFC 310 in an emergency.

Referring to FIG. 7A, a part of the air supplied from the air supply unit 130 is supplied to the combustor 440 through the second air line 62. The control unit 250 of the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes flow control valves 61a and 62a mounted on the first air line 61 and the second air line 62, Can be controlled.

A part of oxygen discharged from the cathode 311 of the solid oxide fuel cell 310 is supplied to the emergency air storage tank of the emergency air supply unit 520 through the third air line 63 Lt; / RTI > The emergency air supply unit 520 may supply the air stored in the emergency air storage tank to the combustor 440 through the fourth air line 64.

Referring to FIG. 7B, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310, a raw material treatment unit 410, a raw water treatment unit 420, a reformer 430, a combustor 440, an emergency fuel supply unit 510, and an emergency air supply unit 520. Here, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in FIG. 1 and FIG. 7A.

The raw material processing unit 410 preprocesses the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit including the raw material storage tank. The raw material processing unit 410 may be implemented, for example, by including an LNG evaporator that evaporates LNG (liquefied natural gas) supplied from a raw material supply unit including an LNG storage tank. The LNG evaporator may include a vaporizer 411 that generates heat by the waste heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 440.

The raw water water treatment unit 420 prepares raw water supplied from the raw water supply unit 120 including the raw water storage tank. The raw water water treatment unit 420 may include a heat exchanger connected to the vaporizer 411 and a condenser connected to the heat exchanger.

The heat exchanger exchanges heat between the raw water supplied from the raw water supply unit 120 including the raw water storage tank and the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 discharged from the vaporizer 411. The exhaust gas of the combustor 440 cooled by the heat exchanger flows into the condenser, and water (water droplets) generated by condensation is supplied to the raw water storage tank of the raw water supply part 120, . Meanwhile, steam (H2O) heated while passing through the heat exchanger is supplied to the reformer (430).

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of the fuel cell system of FIG. 6 according to the second embodiment.

8, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a low temperature type fuel cell 320 such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320, a raw material treatment unit 410, A reforming unit 430, a combustor 440, a water gasification reactor (WGS) 450, an emergency fuel supply unit 510, and an emergency air supply unit 520. Here, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in FIG. 1 and FIG. 7A.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 discharges residual materials such as unreacted hydrogen (H2) in the catalyst layer of the anode 321. The PEMFC 320 discharges exhaust gas containing unreacted oxygen O 2 and steam H 2 O at the cathode 324. The PEMFC 320 may be a fuel cell,

The raw material processing unit 410 preprocesses the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit including the raw material storage tank. The raw material pretreated in the raw material treatment section 410 is supplied to the reformer 430. The reformer 430 reforms the raw material pretreated in the raw material treatment section 410 with steam (H ₂ O) to produce fuel containing hydrogen.

The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) contained in the fuel supplied from the reformer 430. The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may be embodied as a high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS), for example. The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may, for example, be implemented with a hot water gasification reactor (HTS) and a low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS). The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may include a carbon monoxide remover that removes carbon monoxide (CO). The carbon monoxide remover includes a selective oxidation unit (PROX), which receives air from an air supply unit and burns only the carbon monoxide (CO) in the gas discharged from the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) H2) to reduce the concentration thereof.

The fuel discharged from the water gasification reactor 450 is supplied to the anode of the PEMFC 320 or the emergency fuel supply unit 510. The emergency fuel storage tank of the emergency fuel supply unit 510 stores fuel discharged from the water gasification reactor 450. The emergency fuel supply unit 510 supplies the fuel stored in the emergency fuel storage tank to the high- (PEMFC) 320 to the anode of the electrolytic fuel cell (PEMFC)

Hereinafter, embodiments of a ship according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

9 is a schematic view showing an example of a ship according to the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 9, a ship 900 according to the present invention is provided with a power generation system on a ship 910. The power generation system includes a fuel cell system (200). The fuel cell system 200 includes a fuel cell 210, a hydrogen generator 400, an emergency fuel supply unit 510, and an emergency air supply unit 520. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can be applied to all operations including the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generator 400, the emergency fuel supply unit 510, and the emergency air supply unit 520 And a control unit 250 for controlling the control unit 250.

The emergency fuel supply unit 510 includes an emergency fuel storage tank for storing a portion of the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generator 400 to the anode of the fuel cell 210, And a flow control valve for regulating a flow rate of fuel supplied to the anode of the fuel cell 210. For example, a branch is provided between the hydrogen generator 400 and the anode of the fuel cell 210 to branch the fuel discharged from the hydrogen generator 400 to the emergency fuel supply unit 510 .

The emergency air supply unit 520 includes an emergency air storage tank for storing a portion of the air supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell 210 and a cathode of the fuel cell 210 from the emergency air storage tank. And a flow rate control valve for controlling the flow rate of air supplied to the reaction chamber.

The fuel cell 210 may be an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) And may be a fuel cell selected from batteries (DMFC).

The fuel cell 210 may generate electricity using the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generator 400 and the air supplied from the air supplier 130. The fuel cell 210 may generate electricity using fuel supplied from the emergency fuel supply unit 510 and air supplied from the emergency air supply unit 520. The unreacted residual material or reaction product discharged from the cathode of the fuel cell 210 may be supplied to the combustor 440 or the emergency air supply unit 520.

1 to 9, the hull 910 constitutes the overall appearance of the ship 900 according to the present invention. The hull 910 is provided with an engine for generating propulsive force for moving the hull 910 and a raw material supply unit for supplying the raw material to the engine. For example, the raw material is a hydrocarbon-based material, and it is an LNG (liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), gasoline, dimethyl ether, methane gas, And liquid raw materials having a relatively high molecular weight such as marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), and heavy fuel oil (HFO).

The hull 910 is provided with a raw water storage tank for storing raw water and a raw water supply unit 120 for supplying the raw water from the raw water storage tank. The raw water may be, for example, fresh water or seawater. As another example, the raw water may be water in the state where impurities are removed from fresh water or seawater.

The hull 910 is provided with an air supply unit 130 for supplying air to the fuel cell system 200. Normally, air means a gas including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and the like, but also includes the case where nitrogen or carbon dioxide or both gases are removed from the air. The air supply unit 130 may include an air storage tank and a device (for example, a blower) for supplying air from the air storage tank. As another example, the air supply unit 130 may be configured to supply the compressed high-pressure air after the external air is supplied, compress the high-pressure air, or to remove the foreign air and supply the compressed air at a normal pressure.

A DC-DC converter for boosting or reducing the output voltage from the fuel cell system 200 and a DC-AC inverter for converting a direct current (DC) to an alternating current (AC) A conversion unit 140 is provided. The power conversion unit 140 discharges the electric power supplied from the fuel cell system 200 to the electric power load. The electric power load may be, for example, in-ship electrical equipment such as a ship's basic electrical equipment and cargo-system electrical equipment in the case of a ship. The power conversion unit 140 may be configured to supply electricity to the electricity storage unit 150. [

The electricity storage unit 150 may be implemented as a battery. The control unit of the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention operates the emergency fuel supply unit 510 or the emergency air supply unit 520 when air supply or fuel supply is not smooth. The control unit of the fuel cell system 200 and the electricity required for the emergency fuel supply unit 510 or the emergency air supply unit 520 use electricity stored in the electricity storage unit 150.

In this specification, the term "ship" is not limited to a structure for navigating a watercraft, and includes not only a structure for navigating a watercraft, but also a floating oil production storage and unloading facility (FPSO) It includes the same sea structure.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined only by the appended claims.

100: Power generation system
110: raw material supply part 120: raw material water supply part
130: air supply unit 140: power conversion unit
150: electric storage unit
200: Fuel cell system
210: Fuel cell
250:
400: hydrogen generation unit
510: Emergency fuel supply unit 520: Emergency air supply unit

Claims (6)

A hydrogen generator for generating a fuel containing hydrogen;
An anode for supplying fuel containing hydrogen from the hydrogen generating unit and discharging the exhaust gas; a cathode for supplying air, which is an oxidant required for the fuel cell reaction; and an anode, A fuel cell for generating electricity including an electrolyte acting as a transferring of ions generated in the fuel cell;
An emergency fuel storage tank for storing a portion of the fuel supplied from the hydrogen generator to the anode of the fuel cell, and an emergency fuel supply unit for supplying the fuel stored in the emergency fuel storage tank to the anode of the fuel cell. ; And
And a control unit for controlling the emergency fuel supply unit to supply fuel to an anode of the fuel cell when an emergency occurs. The fuel cell system according to claim 1,
An emergency air storage tank for storing a part of the air supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell and an emergency air supply unit for supplying the air stored in the emergency air storage tank to the cathode of the fuel cell, ,
Wherein the control unit controls the emergency air supply unit to supply air to the cathode of the fuel cell when an emergency occurs. 3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the emergency air supply unit receives air discharged from a cathode of the fuel cell and stores the air in the emergency air storage tank. 3. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 2,
Further comprising an electricity storage unit for storing electricity produced in the fuel cell. The method according to claim 1,
The fuel cell system includes:
A branching unit for branching the fuel supplied to the anode of the fuel cell to the emergency fuel supply unit;
A branched section for supplying unreacted air discharged from the air electrode to a hydrogen producing section,
And a branching unit for supplying the unreacted fuel discharged from the fuel electrode to the hydrogen generating unit,
Wherein,
It is determined whether or not the fuel containing hydrogen is excessively generated in the hydrogen generating unit based on the result of monitoring the electric power consumption in the electric power load. If the result is affirmative, the fuel is supplied to the anode of the fuel cell And controls the branching unit to branch the fuel to the emergency fuel supply unit. As a ship on which a power generation system is installed on the hull,
A fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
A raw material supply unit for supplying a raw material to the fuel cell system;
A raw water supply unit for supplying raw water to the fuel cell system;
An air supply unit for supplying air to the fuel cell system; And
And a power conversion unit for boosting or reducing the direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell system or converting it into an alternating current (AC).

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