KR20170080945A - Ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a raw material supply unit for supplying a raw material; A raw water supply part for supplying raw water; A fuel cell system for generating electricity using raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit and raw material water supplied from the raw water supply unit; And a power converter for converting a direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell system into an alternating current (AC).

Description

Ship {SHIP}

The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly vessel.

In general, most of the total energy comes from fossil fuels. However, the reserves of fossil fuels are limited, and the use of fossil fuels has serious effects on the environment such as air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. Environmentally friendly power generation systems have been developed to solve the problems associated with the use of such fossil fuels.

Environmentally friendly power generation systems include power generation systems that produce electricity by converting renewable energy, including sunlight, water, geothermal, precipitation, and bio-organisms. An environmentally friendly power generation system also includes a power generation system that converts fossil fuels or produces electricity through chemical reactions such as hydrogen and oxygen.

Alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cell (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Each of these fuel cells operates on essentially the same principle, but the operating temperature, electrolyte, power generation efficiency, and power generation performance are different.

The fuel cell system according to the prior art is applied to a home or an electric vehicle, which is a small structure. However, in order to be applied to a large structure, it is necessary to use a modularized fuel cell or a relatively large power generation output of the fuel cell module. However, the conventional fuel cell system includes a large amount of nitrogen, which is not used in the fuel cell reaction, in the air used in the fuel cell. Therefore, the fuel cell system according to the related art has a problem that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is lowered due to the use of air having a low oxygen concentration supplied to the fuel cell.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is to provide a ship capable of preventing a decrease in the concentration of oxygen supplied to a fuel cell, thereby preventing a decrease in power generation efficiency.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention may include the following configuration.

A ship according to the present invention comprises a raw material supply part for supplying a raw material; A raw water supply part for supplying raw water; A fuel cell system for generating electricity using raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit and raw material water supplied from the raw water supply unit; And a power conversion unit converting a direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell system into an alternating current (AC), wherein the fuel cell system includes a raw material processing unit including an LNG evaporator for evaporating raw materials, A hydrogen generator for generating a fuel containing hydrogen, the reformer comprising: a reformer for reforming the pretreated raw material and steam; and a combustor for heating the extractor; A fuel cell that generates electricity using fuel including hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen generator; And a separator for separating pure oxygen and nitrogen from the air passing through the combustor and the LNG evaporator.

In the vessel according to the present invention, the fuel cell may generate electricity using pure oxygen separated while passing through the separator.

In the vessel according to the present invention, the fuel cell system may include a second heat exchanger that heats the separated nitrogen while passing through the separator using the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor as a heat source, and a second heat exchanger And a condenser for condensing the exhaust gas, wherein the condenser is capable of condensing and liquefying the cooled exhaust gas while passing through the second heat exchanger, and then supplying the cooled exhaust gas to the raw water supply portion.

In the vessel according to the present invention, the separator heats the compressed air passing through the duct in the combustor, cools the pressurized and heated air with the LNG evaporator, expands the cooled air, By phase separation, the phase-separated oxygen can be separated.

The vessel according to the present invention may include a nitrogen storage portion for storing nitrogen separated while passing through the separator.

The vessel according to the present invention includes a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor and the pure oxygen separated while passing through the separator, and a part of water (H ₂ O) And condensing moisture of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor through heat exchange with pure oxygen passing through the first heat exchanger.

The ship according to the present invention may include a second heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor and the separated cooling nitrogen passing through the separator; And a condenser for condensing moisture in the cooled exhaust gas while passing through the second heat exchanger, wherein the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor is liquefied while passing through the second heat exchanger and the condenser, To the raw water supply part.

The present invention can contribute to improving the power generation efficiency by increasing the concentration of oxygen supplied to the fuel cell by separating oxygen from the air supplied to the combustor and supplying pure oxygen to the fuel cell.

1 is a conceptual diagram of an overall system according to the present invention;
2 is a conceptual diagram of a fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining the operation of the fuel cell used in the present invention. FIG. 3A is a conceptual diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
3B is a conceptual diagram of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC)
4 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a hydrogen generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 to 8 are conceptual diagrams of a fuel-system system according to a second embodiment of the present invention
9 is a schematic view showing an example of a ship according to the present invention

Hereinafter, embodiments of the fuel cell system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is applied to a power generation system 100 to perform a function of generating electricity. Before describing the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the power generation system 100 will be described first.

The power generation system 100 includes a raw material supply unit 110, a raw water supply unit 120, an air supply unit 130, a power conversion unit 140, and a fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention.

The raw material supply unit 110 includes a raw material storage tank and supplies the raw material from the raw material storage tank. For example, the raw material is a material of a hydrocarbon series, LNG (liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), methanol (CH ₃ OH), ethanol (C ₂ H ₅ OH), marine gas oil (MGO), Water Diesel oil such as diesel oil (MDO) or general heavy oil (HFO), gasoline, dimethyl ether, methane gas, hydrogen purification off gas,

For example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to an automobile, the raw material supply unit 110 is implemented including a raw material storage tank and a device (for example, a pump) for supplying raw materials from the raw material storage tank. As another example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to an LNG carrier, the material feeder 110 is implemented with an LNG storage tank and a device (e.g., a pump) for supplying LNG from the LNG storage tank. As another example, when the power generation system 100 is applied to a diesel engine ship, the raw material supply unit 110 is implemented including a diesel fuel storage tank and an apparatus for supplying diesel fuel from the diesel fuel storage tank.

The raw water supply part 120 may include a raw water storage tank and a device (for example, a pump) for supplying raw water from the raw water storage tank. The raw water may be, for example, water (constant water), fresh water, or seawater. As another example, the raw water may be impurity-treated water or ion-removed water in fresh water or seawater. As another example, the raw water may be water in the state where impurities are removed from fresh water or seawater.

The air supply unit 130 supplies air to the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention. Normally, air means a gas including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and the like, but also includes the case where nitrogen or carbon dioxide is removed from air or all gases other than oxygen are removed. The air supply unit 130 may include an air storage tank and a device (for example, a blower) for supplying air from the air storage tank. As another example, the air supply unit 130 may be configured to supply external air and compress the high-pressure air, or supply the compressed high-pressure air at normal pressure.

The power conversion unit 140 converts the direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention into an alternating current (AC). The power conversion unit 140 includes a DC-DC converter for boosting or reducing the output current from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, and a DC-AC inverter for converting a DC current (DC) into an AC current And the like. The power conversion unit 140 discharges the electric power supplied from the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention to the electric power load. The electric power load may be, for example, in-ship electrical equipment such as a ship's basic electrical equipment and cargo-system electrical equipment in the case of a ship. Although not shown, the power conversion unit 140 may be implemented to transmit and store electricity to an energy storage device, for example, a battery.

The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention produces electricity using fuel, water (H ₂ O), and air. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can be used in a small structure such as a home or an automobile, and can be used in a large structure such as a ship. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented to operate in conjunction with a diesel engine, a gas engine, a steam turbine, a gas turbine, or a Rankine Cycle system using the combustion energy of fuel.

Hereinafter, a fuel cell system 100 according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 2, the fuel cell system 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell 210, and a hydrogen generation unit 400. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented by including a controller 250 for controlling all operations including the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generator 400, and the like. In this specification, the raw material and raw water flowing into the hydrogen generator 400 are defined as the fuel that is generated in the hydrogen generator 400 and flows into the fuel cell 210.

The fuel cell 210 is implemented including a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack has an electrolyte layer formed between a cathode and an anode and a separator for supplying hydrogen and supplying air and recovering heat to the anode and the cathode And the unit cell modules are connected in series by the required number of units.

The fuel cell 210 may include a temperature sensor and a device for maintaining temperature, that is, a heater, a cathode fan, a fuel electrode fan, a cooling plate, and the like. The temperature sensor senses the temperature of the fuel cell stack, the temperature of the cathode, and the temperature of the anode. The heater can heat the fuel cell to maintain the temperature required for the operation. The air cathode fan dissipates heat generated at the cathode of the fuel cell stack. The fuel electrode fan dissipates the heat generated from the anode of the fuel cell stack. The air cathode fan and the anode cathode fan may be implemented as a part of a heat exchanger used in a fuel cell stack.

When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the control unit 250, the control unit 250 controls the heater, the cathode fan, and the anode electrode fan using the signal output from the temperature sensor, ) Is appropriately maintained. For example, the control unit 250 maintains the operating temperature of the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) at 190 to 210 ° C, maintains the operating temperature of the MCFC at 550 to 650 ° C, In the case of oxide fuel cells (SOFC), the operating temperature is maintained at 650 to 1000 ° C. For polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFC), the operating temperature is maintained at 30 to 80 ° C.

Hereinafter, the operation of the fuel cell 210 included in the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B. FIG. 3A is a conceptual configuration diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and FIG. 3B is a conceptual configuration diagram of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC).

3A, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310 includes a cathode 311, an anode 313, and a cathode 313. The anode 313 is connected to the anode 312 through an electrolyte 312, . Fuel containing hydrogen (H ₂ ) flows in the anode 313 and oxygen ions O ^2- and hydrogen H ₂ which have moved to the anode 313 through the electrolyte 312 are introduced into the anode 313, (H ₂ O) and electrons (e-) are generated by electrochemical reaction. Since electrons are consumed in the cathode 311, electricity flows when the cathode 311 and the anode 313 are connected to each other.

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) (310) is a fuel electrode (anode) (313) unreacted and electrochemical unreacted material as a the fuel carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ₂₎ that may be included in the feed to hydrogen (H ₂ ) And the water (liquid or gaseous H ₂ O) as the reaction product. In addition, unreacted oxygen and nitrogen are discharged from the cathode 311 of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 310.

3B, the PEMFC 320 decomposes hydrogen (H ₂ ) in the catalyst layer 322 formed in the anode 321 to form hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and electrons (e-). . The hydrogen ions H ⁺ move to the cathode 324 through the polymer electrolyte membrane 323. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 reacts with hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) in the catalyst layer 325 formed on the cathode 324 to produce steam (H ₂ O). When the catalyst layer 322 formed on the anode 321 and the catalyst layer 325 formed on the cathode 324 are connected to each other, electricity flows.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 discharges residual material such as unreacted hydrogen (H ₂ ) from the catalyst layer 322 of the anode 321. In addition, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) 320 discharges unreacted oxygen and water (H ₂ O) from the cathode 324.

In the MCFC, hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbonic acid ions (CO ₃ ^2- ) react with each other in the anode to form water (H ₂ O), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) Is generated. The generated carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is sent to the cathode, and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ) react with each other at the cathode to produce carbonate ion (CO ₃ ^2- ). Carbonate ions (CO ₃ ^2- ) move through the electrolyte to the anode. In a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) generated in the process of generating electricity can be implemented to be circulated in the fuel cell without being discharged to the outside.

2 and 4, the hydrogen generator 400 includes an apparatus for generating a fuel, that is, hydrogen (H ₂ ) gas, necessary for the anode of the fuel cell 210 using the raw material.

The hydrogen generator 400 may be designed to have various structures depending on the type of the fuel cell 210 or to improve electricity generation efficiency. For example, when the fuel cell 210 is a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) or a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the hydrogen generator 400 may include a reformer and a combustor . In another example, when the fuel cell 210 is a PAFC or a PEMFC, the hydrogen generator 400 may be a water gas shift reactor , ≪ / RTI > WGS).

The water gasification reactor (WGS) may be a high temperature shift reactor (HTS), a mid-temperature shift reactor (MTS), a low-temperature shift reactor (LTS) Or a carbon monoxide remover. The carbon monoxide remover may include a selective oxidation reactor (PROX) for burning and removing only carbon monoxide (CO), or a methanation reactor for reducing carbon monoxide (CO) to hydrogen (H ₂ ) .

Referring to FIG. 4, an example of the hydrogen generator 400 in the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention will be described as follows.

The hydrogen generator 400 may include a raw material processing unit 410, a raw material water processing unit 420, a reformer 430, and a combustor 440.

The raw material processing unit 410 preprocesses the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit including the raw material storage tank. For example, the raw material processing unit 410 may include an LNG evaporator 411 for evaporating the liquefied natural gas supplied from the LNG storage tank and a vaporizer installed in the LNG evaporator 411. When the raw material is a liquid raw material having a relatively high molecular weight such as Marine Gas Oil (MGO), Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), etc., 410) including the methane flame for generating a marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), or the general fuel oil (HFO) methane by the reaction of the heated raw material and the heater applies heat the catalyst to the (CH ₄₎ Can be implemented. The raw material treatment unit 410 may include a filter for removing impurities contained in the raw material, and an emulsifier for removing the sulfide.

The raw water treatment unit 420 prepares the raw water supplied from the raw water supply unit including the raw water storage tank. The raw water treatment unit 420 generates steam (H ₂ O) by heating the raw water, and supplies the steam (H ₂ O) to a reformer. The raw water water treatment unit 420 may include a heat exchanger for heating the raw water to the waste heat of the exhaust gas generated in the combustor 440, for example. The raw water water treatment unit 420 may include a steam separator for separating moisture (water droplets) contained in the exhaust gas or steam of the fuel cell system. In addition, the raw water treatment unit 420 may use activated carbon, ion removal resin, or the like to maintain the purity required for the raw material water in the fuel cell system, and may include a sensor and a control system for measuring the same. As another example, the system may include an external water supply line and system for maintaining a certain level of water in the water supply unit 420.

The reformer 430 reforms the pre-treated raw material supplied from the raw material treatment unit 410 and the steam (H ₂ O) supplied from the raw water treatment unit 420 to supply hydrogen (H ₂ ) Thereby generating a reforming gas. In the reforming reaction, the reformer 330 may use thermal energy provided by the combustor 440. Hereinafter, the reformed gas from the reformer 330 is defined as a fuel.

The reformer 430 is implemented with a reforming catalyst layer that triggers a reforming reaction. The reforming catalyst layer has a structure in which the reforming catalyst is packed with a catalyst supported on the carrier. The reforming catalyst is composed of nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), platinum (Pt) or the like. The shape of the carrier carrying the catalyst may be, for example, granular, pellet or honeycomb, Resistant metal such as alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), titania (TiO ₂ ), or the like.

In the fuel cell system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the reformer 330 may be installed outside the fuel cell 210. In this case, the fuel cell 210 is implemented as an external reforming type. In the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the reformer 330 may be installed inside the fuel cell 210 in the form of a reforming catalyst layer. In this case, the fuel cell 210 is implemented as an internal reforming type.

The combustor 440 provides heat to the reformer 430 to smoothly perform the reforming reaction. When the reformer heating temperature by the combustor 440 is low, the reforming reaction by the endothermic reaction of the reformer 430 does not progress well and moisture (water droplets) may be generated in the reformer 430 have. If the heating temperature of the combustor 440 is high, the catalytic activity of the reforming catalyst layer of the reformer 430 may be lowered.

The combustor 440 is connected to the raw material pretreated in the raw material treatment section 410, the exhaust gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell 210, Can be used as a raw material. The combustor 440 may use air supplied from the air supply unit 130 (shown in FIG. 1). In the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention, the combustor 440 may further use air discharged from the cathode of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell 210.

Although not shown, the hydrogen generator 400 may further include at least one temperature sensor, which detects the temperature of the reformer 430. The temperature of the reformer 430 may be adjusted according to the configuration of the reformer 430 and the mixing ratio of the raw material pretreated in the raw material processing unit 410 and steam (H ₂ O) The range changes. 2), the control unit 250 controls the amount of combustion of the combustor 440 based on the signal output from the temperature sensor, And the temperature of the reformer 430 is controlled. For example, the controller 250 may be configured to control the temperature within a range of about ± 20 ° C. with respect to the optimum temperature range.

Here, the gas generated through the reforming reaction in the reformer 430 includes not only hydrogen (H ₂ ) but also carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), and the like. When the fuel cell 210 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), carbon monoxide (CO) poisons the electrode catalyst of the fuel cell stack of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) to shorten the life of the fuel cell 210. In order to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) to 10 to 20 ppm or less, the hydrogen generating unit 400 may further include a water gasification reactor (WGS) 450.

The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 can produce carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and hydrogen (H ₂ ) by reacting carbon monoxide (CO) with steam (H ₂ O). The water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may be implemented with a high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) and a low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) as shown in FIG.

The optimum temperature of the high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) and the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) varies depending on the type of the catalyst used and the composition of the gas discharged by the equilibrium of the control temperature is determined. Although not shown in FIG. 4, a cooler and a temperature sensor may be installed in the high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) and the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS), respectively. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the controller 250 (shown in FIG. 2), the controller 250 controls the cooler using the signal output from the temperature sensor, (HTS) and the temperature of the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS). For example, the high temperature aqueous gasification reactor (HTS) is controlled within a range of 300 to 430 ° C, and the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) is controlled within a range of 200 to 250 ° C.

Although not shown, the water gasification reactor (WGS) 450 may include a carbon monoxide remover. The carbon monoxide remover removes a very small amount of carbon monoxide (CO) that is not completely treated in the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) at the end of the low temperature water gasification reactor (LTS). The carbon monoxide remover includes a selective oxidation unit (PROX), which receives air from an air supply unit and burns only the carbon monoxide (CO) in the gas discharged from the low temperature aqueous gasification reactor (LTS) H ₂ ) to reduce the concentration thereof.

The selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is equipped with a cooler and a temperature sensor. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes the control unit 250 (shown in FIG. 2), the control unit 250 controls the cooler using the signal output from the temperature sensor, ). For example, the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is controlled within the range of 120 to 160 占 폚. However, the optimal temperature of the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) is set differently depending on conditions such as the type of catalyst used and the method of use.

The catalyst layer of the selective oxidation reactor (PROX) comprises a structure filled with a carrier for supporting a selective oxidation catalyst. The selective oxidation catalyst is made of platinum (Pt) or the like, and the shape of the support carrying the catalyst may be, for example, a granular shape, a pellet shape, a honeycomb shape, etc. The material constituting the support may be alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) , Magnesium oxide (MgO), and the like.

5 and 6, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention includes a fuel cell 210, a hydrogen generator 400, and a separator 220. The fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention may be implemented by including a controller 250 for controlling the operation of all the configurations including the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generator 400 and the separator 220 It is possible.

The fuel cell 210 may be an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) And may be a fuel cell selected from batteries (DMFC).

The separator 220 separates pure oxygen and nitrogen from air passing through the combustor 440 and the LNG evaporator 411. The separator 220 can separate pure oxygen and nitrogen from the air supplied from the air supply unit 130 using the heating in the combustor 440 and the cooling of the LNG evaporator 411. For example, the compressed air passing through the air supply unit 130 and the compressor 400a is heated by the combustion gas of the combustor 440 while passing through the duct in the combustor 440. The air heated in the combustor 440 passes through the LNG evaporator 411 and is heat-exchanged with the LNG and is cooled to -150 ° C. or below. The cooled air is expanded by the expansion valve (not shown) It can be phase-changed to gaseous nitrogen. The phase-changed air can be separated into pure oxygen and nitrogen through the separator 220. Here, the fuel cell 310 may generate electricity using pure oxygen separated through the separator 220. Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention separates oxygen from the air supplied from the air supply unit 130 and supplies the separated pure oxygen to the fuel cell 310, The concentration of oxygen supplied to the fuel cell 310 can be increased to improve the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. Although not shown, the separated pure oxygen can be heated and vaporized and then supplied to the fuel cell 310.

Referring to FIG. 7, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention may include a first heat exchanger 230 and a nitrogen storage unit 240.

The first heat exchanger 230 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 and the separated pure oxygen passing through the separator 220. The first heat exchanger 230 may heat the liquefied pure oxygen supplied from the separator 220 using waste heat of the exhaust gas of the combustor 440. In this case, the first heat exchanger 230 can generate condensed water (H ₂ O) by condensing the moisture contained in the combustor exhaust gas as the liquefied pure oxygen is heated.

Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is configured to heat the liquefied pure oxygen discharged from the separator 220 by using the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the combustor 440, The waste heat of the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 can be reused without a separate heating device for heating the pure oxygen supplied to the combustion chamber 440. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can prevent the waste heat from being wasted, thereby contributing to preventing the energy efficiency of the fuel cell from deteriorating and further contributing to the reduction of the facility construction cost and the operating cost have.

The nitrogen storage unit 240 stores nitrogen separated from the separator 220. The nitrogen storage unit 230 may supply the stored nitrogen to the fuel cell 310 in an emergency such as when the supply of raw materials to the fuel cell 310 is not smooth. For example, the nitrogen storage unit 240 may compress nitrogen stored in the separator 220 and store the compressed nitrogen. To this end, a compressor for compressing nitrogen may be installed at the front end of the nitrogen storage unit 240. When the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is implemented including the control unit 250, the nitrogen storage unit 240 may be connected to the fuel cell 310 ). ≪ / RTI >

Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is configured to be in an inactive state by supplying nitrogen to the fuel cell 310 so that the fuel cell 310 can be stably stopped even if an emergency occurs, It is possible to stably generate electricity after completion of the recovery of the fuel cell system 200.

In addition, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention can increase the efficiency of the fuel cell 310 by allowing pure oxygen separated from the air to be heated by the exhaust gas of the combustor 440.

Referring to FIG. 8, the fuel cell system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention may be implemented with a second heat exchanger 260 and a condenser 270.

The second heat exchanger 260 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 and the separated nitrogen while passing through the separator 220. The second heat exchanger 260 can cool the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 that has passed through the first heat exchanger 230 through the separator 220 while being cooled using the cooled nitrogen. In this case, the second heat exchanger 260 may cool the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 to be supplied to the condenser 270 to condense the moisture in the exhaust gas. The nitrogen that has passed through the second heat exchanger 260 may be supplied to the nitrogen storage unit 240.

The condenser 270 condenses moisture in the cooled exhaust gas while passing through the second heat exchanger 260. The condenser 270 may be installed between the second heat exchanger 260 and the raw water supply unit 120. For example, the condenser 270 discharges water (water droplets) generated by condensing moisture in the exhaust gas that has passed through the second heat exchanger 260 to the raw water supply unit 120 including the raw water storage tank, The raw material water can be regenerated from the exhaust gas of the exhaust pipe 440. Also, the condenser 270 can discharge the residual gas after condensation to the outside. Accordingly, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can achieve the following operational effects.

First, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention is configured to cool the exhaust gas of the combustor 440 using the cooled nitrogen that has passed through the separator 220, so that the waste heat can be reused once more do. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can further prevent wasted heat from being wasted, thereby further contributing to prevention of deterioration in energy efficiency of the fuel cell.

Second, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention uses nitrogen that has passed through the separator 220 to condense moisture in the exhaust gas of the combustor 440, thereby producing a separate production facility for supplying or producing the fuel water It can be reduced or omitted. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the present invention can further contribute to the reduction of the facility construction cost and the operation cost.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a ship according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

9 is a schematic view showing an example of a ship according to the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 9, a ship 900 according to the present invention is provided with a power generation system 100 on a ship 910. The power generation system 100 includes a fuel cell system 200. The fuel cell system 200 includes a fuel cell 210, a hydrogen generator 400, and a separator 220. The fuel cell system 200 may be implemented by including a controller 250 for controlling operations of all the configurations including the fuel cell 210, the hydrogen generator 400, and the separator 220.

The fuel cell 210 may be an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) And may be a fuel cell selected from batteries (DMFC).

The separator 220 separates pure oxygen and nitrogen from air passing through the combustor 440 and the LNG evaporator 411. The separator 220 can separate pure oxygen and nitrogen from the air supplied from the air supply unit 130 using the heating in the combustor 440 and the cooling of the LNG evaporator 411. For example, the pressurized air passing through the air supply unit 130 and the compressor 400a is heated by the combustion gas of the combustor 440 while passing through the duct in the combustor 440. The air heated in the combustor 440 passes through the LNG evaporator 411 and is cooled after heat exchange with the LNG. The cooled air is expanded by an expansion valve (not shown) to convert liquefied pure oxygen and gaseous nitrogen And can be separated into pure oxygen and nitrogen through the separator 220. Here, the fuel cell 310 may generate electricity using pure oxygen separated through the separator 220. Accordingly, the vessel 900 according to the present invention separates oxygen from the air supplied from the air supply unit 130 and supplies the separated pure oxygen to the fuel cell 310, The concentration of oxygen supplied can be increased to contribute to the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.

1 to 9, the hull 910 constitutes the overall appearance of the ship 900 according to the present invention. The hull 910 is provided with an engine for generating a propulsive force for moving the hull 910 and a material supply unit 110 for supplying the material to the engine. For example, the raw material is a material of a hydrocarbon series, LNG (liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), methanol (CH ₃ OH), ethanol (C ₂ H ₅ OH), petrol, dimethyl ether, methane, A liquid raw material having a relatively high molecular weight such as hydrogen purified off gas, pure water, and marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO), and heavy oil (HFO) And so on.

The hull 910 is provided with a raw water supply part 120 for supplying the raw water necessary for the reforming reaction of the hydrogen generating part 400. The raw water may be, for example, fresh water or seawater. As another example, the raw water may be water in the state where impurities are removed from fresh water or seawater.

The hull 910 is provided with an air supply unit 130 for supplying air to the fuel cell system 200. Normally, air means a gas including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and the like, but also includes the case where nitrogen or carbon dioxide or both gases are removed from the air. The air supply unit 130 may include an air storage tank and a device (for example, a blower) for supplying air from the air storage tank. As another example, the air supply unit 130 may be configured to supply the compressed high-pressure air after the external air is supplied, compress the high-pressure air, or to remove the foreign air and supply the compressed air at a normal pressure.

A DC-DC converter for boosting or reducing the output voltage from the fuel cell system 200 and a DC-AC inverter for converting a direct current (DC) to an alternating current (AC) A conversion unit 140 is provided. The power conversion unit 140 discharges the electric power supplied from the fuel cell system 200 to the electric power load. The electric power load may be, for example, in-ship electrical equipment such as a ship's basic electrical equipment and cargo-system electrical equipment in the case of a ship. Although not shown, the power conversion unit 140 may be implemented to supply electricity to an energy storage device, for example, a battery.

In this specification, the term "ship" is not limited to a structure for navigating a watercraft, and includes not only a structure for navigating a watercraft, but also a floating oil production storage and unloading facility (FPSO) It includes the same sea structure.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined only by the appended claims.

100: Power generation system
110: raw material supply part 120: raw material water supply part
130: air supply unit 140: power conversion unit
200: Fuel cell system
210: fuel cell 220: separator
230: nitrogen storage part 240: first heat exchanger
250: control unit 260: second heat exchanger
270: Third heat exchanger

Claims (7)

As a vessel,
A raw material supply unit for supplying the raw material;
A raw water supply part for supplying raw water;
A fuel cell system for generating electricity using raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit and raw material water supplied from the raw water supply unit; And
And a power conversion unit for converting a direct current (DC) output from the fuel cell system into an alternating current (AC)
The fuel cell system includes:
A raw material treatment section including an LNG evaporator for evaporating a raw material; a reformer for reforming steam and raw materials pretreated in the raw material treatment section; and a combustor for heating the extractor, wherein hydrogen Generating unit;
A fuel cell that generates electricity using fuel including hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen generator; And
And a separator for separating pure oxygen and nitrogen from the air passing through the combustor and the LNG evaporator,
Wherein the fuel cell produces electricity using pure oxygen separated while passing through the separator. The method according to claim 1,
The fuel cell system includes a second heat exchanger that heats the separated nitrogen while passing through the separator using the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor as a heat source and a condenser for condensing the cooled exhaust gas while passing through the second heat exchanger Including,
Wherein the condenser condenses the cooled exhaust gas while passing through the second heat exchanger, liquefies the exhaust gas, and supplies the condensed liquid to the raw water supply unit. A raw material treatment section including an LNG evaporator for evaporating a raw material; a reformer for reforming steam and raw materials pretreated in the raw material treatment section; and a combustor for heating the extractor, wherein hydrogen Generating unit;
A fuel cell that generates electricity using fuel including hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen generator; And
And a separator for separating pure oxygen and nitrogen from the air passing through the combustor and the LNG evaporator,
Wherein the fuel cell generates electricity using pure oxygen separated while passing through the separator. The method of claim 3,
The separator heats the compressed air to pass through a duct in the combustor, cools the pressurized and heated air with the LNG evaporator, expands the cooled air to phase-separate oxygen and nitrogen through a phase change, And separating oxygen from the fuel. The method of claim 3,
And a nitrogen reservoir for storing the separated nitrogen while passing through the separator. The method of claim 3,
And a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor and the pure oxygen separated while passing through the separator,
Wherein a part of water (H ₂ O) used in the fuel cell is generated by condensing water of exhaust gas discharged from the combustor through heat exchange with pure oxygen passing through the first heat exchanger system. The method according to claim 6,
A second heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor and the separated cooling nitrogen passing through the separator; And
And a condenser for condensing moisture in the cooled exhaust gas while passing through the second heat exchanger,
Wherein the exhaust gas discharged from the combustor is discharged into a raw water supply portion for supplying raw water while being liquefied while passing through the second heat exchanger and the condenser.

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