KR20160122854A - Clothing wire and method for producing staple fibre nonwovens - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a sawtooth wire for mounting on a small-surface-borne surface roller having a foot segment (1) and a blade segment (2). With such sawtooth wires, the value of the slope (dh / db) of the height h as a function of at least the width b of the first portion 10 of the at least one blade segment side 5, (Dh / db) of the second portion 11 of the blade segments 5 and 6 and the second portion 11 is closer to the foot segment 1 than the first portion 10 . The slopes (dh / db) have the same sign. In at least one side surface, the area extending down from at least one second part 11 to a maximum of 1/8 of the total height of the blade segment should be free of any convexities or depressions that cause a change in the slope symbol .

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a serrated wire and a natural fiber fleece,

The present invention relates to a sawtooth wire for a roller of a carding machine.

The cotton balls may be formed by opening and sorting fibers of a fibrous material such as wool, cotton yarn, synthetic fibers or fiber blends and subjecting them to homogenization (for fleeing) and / or parallelization To be used for The carding process can be used to make a fiber mat from a fibrous material. A fiber mat consists of a loose collection of individual fibers arranged. For example, nonwovens can be made from this type of fiber mat. During the surfacing, the fiber mat is formed by removing fibers from a large carding roll, known as swift, through a removal means and joining them.

The scatters may have various surface rollers, each of which has teeth, serrations, or spikes that protrude outwardly in a generally radial direction. The number and / or size and / or density of teeth, serrations or spikes as well as their shape and configuration can vary.

The cotton rollers generally have all-steel card clothing. The impregnation consists of a profiled serrated wire wound under tension on the corresponding surface roller. The sawtooth wire has a foot segment and a blade segment. The foot segment may have, for example, a rectangular or square cross-section. In the operative position, the blade segment projects away from the foot segment at a generally right angle to the curved surface of the cotton roller. The blade segments have a serrated profile for the formation of teeth or serrations. The serrated wire is wound around the curved surface of the flank roller under longitudinal stress and the two ends are attached to the flank roller.

The serrated wires are known per se. For example, CN 201512617 U discloses a sawtooth wire with teeth tilted obliquely on the blade segment.

US 5,096,506 A discloses a sawtooth wire in which one side (blade segment side) of the blade segment is perpendicular to the other blade segment side and the other blade segment side is inclined relative to the base region of the foot segment. The inclined blade segment side is steeper than the rest of the surface, farther from the foot segment. Thus, the thickness of the blade segment increases more rapidly on the side farther from the foot segment than in the remaining region of the blade segment.

US 6,185, 789 B1 discloses a sawtooth wire having a blade segment side with a plurality of convex portions. The advantages listed for these sawtooth wires are that they can better isolate non-spinnable fibers and other contaminants from fibers that are more spinnable than conventional sawtooth wires during the firing process.

In fact, it is known that the ends of teeth, in particular, are subject to severe wear. Since the tip of the tooth is rounded with time, the quality and efficiency of the surface process are reduced. The countermeasure consists of re-grinding the surface wires mounted on the drum (surface roller). Rounded tooth tips can be reshaped in this manner.

However, the latter measures can not only slow down but also stop, allowing long term losses in quality and efficiency.

For the cited reasons, it is an object of the present invention to produce sawtooth wires that enable optimal homogenization and parallelization of the fibers over long operating periods during fabrication of the fiber mat. The fibers must remain intact or only negligiblely damaged during the firing process.

In order to achieve this object, the present invention proposes a method of producing a staple wire according to claim 1 and a staple-fiber fleece according to claim 17. Natural fiber yarns or nonwoven fabrics may be formed from natural fiber fleeces.

The features of the sawtooth wires according to the present invention are foot segments that serve to lay the wire on the cotton roller. A foot segment (when the sawtooth wire is wound onto the flank roller) in contact with the flank roller is referred to as the base region. In general, the foot segment is the widest segment of the wire. When the wire is wound on the surface roller, the side edges of the foot segments of adjacent wires typically contact each other.

The base region of the foot segment is defined by the axial direction Z of the wire (defined by the first spatial direction: defined by the longitudinal extension of the serrated wire) and the lateral direction B (the second spatial direction: Phosphorus). The third spatial orientation is a height direction H perpendicular to the base of the foot segment and extending toward the outer surface of the serrated wire (i.e., toward the side of the blade segment away from the foot segment). The measured height values (i.e., values in the height direction) from the base area increase to the maximum blade segment height. Thus, the (height) position of points near the base is referred to as " down "and the position of points near the outer surface (of the sawtooth wire) is referred to as " down ".

The axis, height, and lateral directions of the wire are (perpendicular) to each other. Therefore, the three directions define the Cartesian coordinate system.

The blade segments traveling in the height direction are generally tapered towards the top, i.e. the width of the blade segments steadily decreases with occasional increasing heights. The blade segments are laterally limited by the first and second blade segment sides. One of the two blade segment sides has a slope of height (dh (b) / db) (hereinafter: dh / db) as a function of width, sometimes (but not always), and the value is very large, The segment side is parallel to the vertical line descending to the base of the foot segment. In this case, the taper described above has a finite gradient (dh / db) on the side of the other blade segment (at least one blade segment side in this specification), that is, the angle between this and the above- Not the result.

The height value in which the blade segment has the greatest reach in the height direction is referred to as the maximum height of the blade segment. The height value at which the blade segment begins (at its bottom) is referred to as the minimum height. The width between the minimum height and the maximum height (in the height direction) is the overall height of the blade segment. Therefore, the minimum and maximum heights are individual height values. The total height is the distance (length) in the height direction.

The manufacture of the serrated wire begins with the drawing of the wire. The wire is then rolled, during which a large foot area and a less broad blade area are formed. The cross section of the wire is constant within its manufacturing tolerance over its length. In the portion of the blade region farther from the base region, it is common to periodically depress the recesses, thereby forming teeth. At least the teeth of the blade area are hardened. Thus, typically, at least the teeth portion of the blade region is of greater hardness (harder) than the foot region (which is lighter). The serration wire typically has a length of several hundred meters to several kilometers.

When the sawtooth wire is wound on the cotton roller, the foot segments form a closed area (apart from narrow gaps between the serrated wires). Above the foot segments, carding gaps are formed between adjacent blade segments (thinner than the foot segments). As the blade segments (typically) are tapered toward the top, the field gaps delimited by the blade segments are steadily extended in response to upward movement.

The foot area may have a planar side. However, each foot area may have convexes and / or concavities on one side and may have inverted (corresponding geometrically) convexes and / or concavities on the other side Which couple the sides of adjacent wire segments (i.e., the wire segments are interlinked / interlocked) when the sawtooth wire is wound onto the cotton roller.

The foot segment is clearly distinguishable from the blade segment, because the first serrated wire is characterized by a geometric shape (large width) that allows the foot segment to be formed (largely) in the closed area when wound on the roller. In contrast, the geometry of the blade segment is shaped to open the surface gaps (when the sawtooth wire is wound onto the roller), i.e., the blade segments are always less wider than the associated foot segments. Secondly, the blade segments always end with a large planar base in the height direction, whereas the blade segments have teeth (i.e., the blade segments end in a serrated profile in the height direction). Third, the blade segments are typically hardened (at least partially) (i.e., the blade segments are relatively hard) and the foot segments are less rigid.

In the case of the sawtooth wire according to the invention, the absolute value of at least the slope (dh / db) of at least the first part of one blade segment side is at least equal to the slope (dh / db) of the second part of the same blade segment side Is greater than the absolute value.

All height values of at least one second portion are less than all height values of at least one first portion, i. E. At least one second portion is below at least one first portion. Do not overlap the two parts.

The at least one first portion and the at least one second portion each extend between a minimum height value at the bottom of the portion and a maximum height value at the top of the portion, respectively.

The algebraic sign of the slope (dh / db) of the at least one first portion and the at least one second portion are the same. In other words, the highly positioned first portion (at least one of the blade segment sides) is steep (i.e., the slope of this portion is steeper) relative to the base of the serrated wire than a portion of the same blade segment side located further down. Both parts must either ascend or descend (that is, the gradient sign should be the same for both parts). Whether both parts rise or fall depends on the two blade segment sides on which they are located.

According to the present invention, between the lowest height value of the at least one second part and the higher height value which is at most 1/8 of the total height of the blade segment below the lowest height value of the at least one second part The slopes (dh / db) of these portions on the same blade segment side with their height values in the extending range have the same sign as the slopes (dh / db) of the at least one first portion and the at least one second portion .

In other words, convex portions ("humps") or depressions ("dents") that cause a change in the sign of the slope should not be below the bottom of the second portion. The change in the slope symbol should be excluded by all means within the height range (below at least one second part) whose height dimension is one-eighth of the total height of the blade segment. Preferably, the height range is 1/5 of the total height of the blade segments. It is also possible to exclude tilting changes (convexities or depressions) over the entire area of each blade segment side which is below the lower end of the at least one second part. A further valuable improvement of the invention is that the inclination (dh / db) of at least one blade segment side has the same symbol anywhere on at least one first part (above the highest height value of the first part) . Alternatively, or additionally, the first portion may be disposed between the at least one first portion and the at least one second portion (i. E., At least the first portion of the at least one first portion, At least one blade segment side slope (dh / db) in the region (between the highest height value of one second portion) have the same sign everywhere.

The convexities / depressions in the flat, round transition region between the (relatively steep) blade segment and the foot segment do not matter. As a result, the term "blade segment" always exclusively represents a relatively steep region of the blade segment (and does not represent a smooth transition region).

The change in the slope symbol can also be ignored if they are caused by very small convexities or depressions due to manufacturing inaccuracies or manufacturing defects.

The convexities (depressions) of considerable size and correspondingly not due to manufacturing defects / manufacturing tolerances during the aspheric process allow the fibers to penetrate into the surface gaps (in the case of convexities) or to penetrate deeper in the case of depressions Thereby deteriorating process efficiency.

If the convexes / depressions have narrow radii or even sharp edges, they can cause considerable damage to the fibers. This damage leads to quality defects in the end product (e.g., yarn or fleece) and must be prevented by all means.

In the case of the sawtooth wire according to the invention, since at least one first part located further above on at least one blade segment is steep (steep slope (dh / db)) and at least one second part is flat Slope (dh / db)), the fibers to be ground can easily enter the field gaps than conventional sawtooth wires (whose blade segment sides typically have a constant slope). At the level of the smallest height value of the at least one second part, the surface gaps are usually already very narrow, and especially narrower than in the height region of the blade segment side just below its maximum height. Thus, the convexes / depressions directly contacting or slightly underneath the at least one second portion cause very frequent serious damage to the fibers to be worn (due to the narrow cavity gaps) Thereby preventing further penetration into the gaps.

Surprisingly, the convexes / depressions located at a greater height distance (typically at least 1/8 of the total height of the blade segment) below the at least one second portion cause negligible damage to the fibers to be ground ≪ / RTI > or damage. Further, it is no longer necessary for fibers to further enter into the respective surface gaps at this point; That is, even though the convexes / depressions prevented the further penetration of fibers therein, this would not actually affect the surface process.

The convexes / depressions located on at least one first part or between at least one first part and at least one second part cause no damage or only negligible damage to the fibers to be burnt And does not prevent the fibers from penetrating into the surface gaps because the fibers are located in a relatively wide height region of the surface gaps.

It is advantageous to accurately select the point on the side of the blade segment where the height corresponds to the maximum height of the blade segment, with the top of the blade segment side, i.e. the maximum height of at least one first portion. Alternatively, it is also possible to select a point which lies slightly below the upper end of the side of the blade segment, for example up to 0.2 mm (preferably up to 0.1 mm) below the upper end (in the height direction). Alternatively, the upper 1/4, preferably the upper 1/10 of each blade segment side is selected as the maximum height of at least one first portion. The smallest height value of the at least one first section may be in the range of 50% to 98%, advantageously 60 to 90% of the overall height (of the blade section) above the minimum height of the blade section.

The at least one first portion is typically located axially at a point on the side of the blade segment where the height of the side of the blade segment (the extent to the elevation direction) is relatively large. It is advantageous to select an axial position in which the tip of the tooth is located for at least one first part.

For the lowest height value of the at least one second part, a position in the lower part of the blade segment (closer to the foot segment), for example at the bottom 1/10 of the blade segment, is preferably selected. However, this is sufficient if the largest height value of at least one second portion is smaller than the smallest height value of at least one first portion. In a preferred variant, the smallest height value of at least one first part reaches the greatest height value of at least one second part.

In the axial direction, the position for the at least one second part in which the serrated wire is present is selected, i.e. the position where the serrated wire is characterized by the recess (due to the punching of the teeth) is not selected.

It is always guaranteed that the serration wire travels in the longitudinal direction. In particular, the sawtooth wire should have no deformation in the plane defined by the longitudinal and lateral directions, which may lead to portions of the blade segment side considered as planar curves in the case of axially straight sawtooth wires .

At least one first portion and at least one second portion are preferably selected such that they are on planar portions of at least one blade segment side. The two parts then proceed in a straight line in a plane defined by the height and lateral directions, i. E. The slope (dh / db) is constant in each of the two parts, and in each case defined by the height and lateral directions Corresponds to an inclination of the secant going through at least one first portion or at least one second portion in the plane.

However, at least one of the blade segment sides has the presence of at least one first portion and / or at least one second portion located at a "proper" height (at a height between appropriate height values) It can also be curved. Considered as an appropriate height has already been described in earlier sections dealing with the height position of at least one first part and at least one second part.

In this kind of case, the at least one first portion and / or the at least one second portion can be small and small (especially in the height direction), i.e. in the case of a relatively small minor portion concerned, Can not be determined any more, but can be determined at the point. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that such a situation may arise from the introduction of differential calculus because the differential quotient for observing the limit value of the finitely closed close argument here (width value) It is known:

lim _{? b? 0} ? h /? b = dh / db

In such a case (minimum width), the tangent line is a special case of the secant line passing through the plane portion, and the value of the secant line inclination is the value of the derivative of the function describing the change of the contour of the blade segment concerned, The value of the slope at the point of time.

The two parts may (but do not necessarily) be placed one above the other in the height direction. If one could use such a sawtooth wire, i.e. a starting profile for the original shape of the sawtooth wire prior to the generation of the teeth as a basis (e.g. by punching or by making the same effect) It will be easier to select the two positions so that one is positioned higher than the other. However, the serrated wire teeth are sometimes oblique, i. E. They are shaped like the teeth of an inclined saw. When determining the tilt angle of a tooth, it is common to use a tilt (working angle) of the tooth surface. The working angle is defined as the angle enclosed between the tooth surface and the vertical line. Because of the inclination of the teeth, most sawtooth wires have no position where a complete, gapless section (through the original profile) can be found. It is then not necessary to arrange the parts one above the other in the height direction (i.e., the two parts are raised at different points in the axial extent of the serrated wire).

Although a length of 5/100 or 1/10 mm may also be beneficial, a length of 1/100 mm may be desirable (in the lateral direction) as the minimum length of the parts.

The other blade segment side (blade segment side opposite to at least one blade segment side) is preferably substantially complete in the plane defined by the height and length directions, i.e. the slope (dh / db) is infinite. However, this may have a different geometric shape, for example, it may be tilted with respect to the height direction by a small angle, for example an angle of less than 3 degrees (i.e. the tilt (dh / db) . Or it may be mirror symmetrical with respect to at least one blade segment side.

In the case of commonly used serrated wires (or in the case of their starting profiles), one blade segment side extending in the plane defined by the height and axial directions and the side The two blade segment side faces of the extending second blade segment are substantially flat (except for the transition regions of the curve). With this kind of serrated wire, the width of the serrated wire (lateral spread) increases linearly over the entire blade segment.

By virtue of the blade segment geometry (at least one blade segment side) proposed in the present invention, the width of the blade segment increases more gently (or does not increase at all) in the upper region (further from the foot segment) (In the upper region) in the next lower region. The transition between a small (or nonexistent) increase in width and a stronger increase may be continuous or may occur in one or more steps, for example, through a series of up to four, preferably two to three, . The technical implementation of each such variation is described in further detail below.

The width of the surface gaps formed by the sawtooth wire and correspondingly formed on the surface roller in accordance with the present invention is less steeply reduced (with decreasing height) in the upper region of the surface gaps (closer to the teeth of the serrated wire) (Or does not decrease at all), it decreases more steeply in the lower region.

Surprisingly, it has been found that when the sawtooth wire according to the present invention is used, the loss in quality and efficiency of the surface process over time (mainly due to the necessity of re-grinding the teeth) is significantly less than in the case of conventional wires . Therefore, the sawtooth wire enables optimal homogenization and parallelization of the fibers (during fabrication of the fiber mat) over a long operating period.

The sawtooth wire typically has an outer surface that delimits the serration wire on the side away from the foot segment and also extends in the height direction (in the height direction). In this way, it (sometimes) defines at least one tooth, typically a number of teeth, of the serrated wire. That is, the side surface of the blade segment has a sawtooth contour at least in its upper region.

At the end of at least one tooth, the outer surface extends substantially in the axial direction (Z) and in the lateral direction (B). In contrast, the outer surface of the tooth side is inclined relative to the height.

In one embodiment of the invention, the two portions of at least one tooth are typically arranged such that they are staggered in the axial direction. In this way, it is ensured that each of the two parts is located at the point of the serrated wire where the material is not removed (by punching during tooth fabrication). This arrangement makes it possible to position at least a second part (in the area of each tooth) at the lower end of the blade segment or at least near the lower end, while locating the uppermost part at or near the end of at least one tooth . The total (or almost total) height of the blade segment can thereby be accommodated by the two portions.

Arranging the two parts to be staggered in the axial direction as described above is not a problem since sawtooth wires are made of profiled wires whose cross-sectional profile remains substantially the same over the length.

In principle, at least one first portion and at least one second portion may also be located at a single axial position of the serrated wire, i.e. they are arranged one above the other in the height direction as described above . This means that if the hollow (punched) area is not present below the tip of the tooth, i.e. the line joining the (first) first part and (second) at least one second part is completely in the serrated wire material It is possible to proceed.

In a preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the blade segment side that reaches a point that is 2%, preferably 5%, or especially 10% of the total height of the blade segment above the minimum height of the blade segment side from the maximum height of the blade segment At least two planar surface portions. The at least one blade segment side (of the sawtooth wire), which is described differently, has at least two planar surface portions that extend straight in a plane defined by the side and height directions. The two surface portions preferably follow each other in succession in the height direction (tangent to each other) and enclose a certain angle (not 0 deg.) In a plane defined by the side and height directions.

It is also possible that more than two flat (straight) portions, for example three or four straight surface portions, follow one another in succession in the height direction. Two or three planar parts are preferred. The plane surface portions furthest from the foot segment (top surface portion) and the second surface portion (the portion closer to the foot portion) that border on it are preferably 5/10 to 9/10 of the maximum height of the blade segment, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 2/5 < / RTI >

The present invention is particularly beneficial for particularly (low) sawtooth wires having relatively low blade segments, i.e., heights of blade segments (alternatively teeth) in the range of 0.3 to 1 mm. These types of serrated wires are typically used for the production of natural fiber yarns, such as cotton yarns and / or synthetic fibers.

For coarser fibers, sawtooth wires are used which can have blade segments with a height of up to 3 mm (in exceptional cases up to 4 mm).

In the case of fine serrated wires, the part furthest from the foot segment (at least one first part) typically has a height (range in the h direction) of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.3 mm. This preferred plane portion (i. E. The same inclination portion) preferably starts at a maximum distance of 5/100 mm or 1/10 mm below the tip of the tooth, i.e. the height of the upper portion of the at least one first portion, Up to 5/100 mm or 1/10 mm smaller than the maximum (height) value of the segment.

If the above ranges are selected, the surface quality and efficiency loss due to the need to re-grind the teeth of the serrated wire is significantly less than when conventional wires are used.

To prevent jagged wires, i.e. gaps formed by serrated wires, from being blocked by the fibers (when the wires are being checked in the saddle roller), at least in the height direction at a sufficiently large area of the serrated wire blade segments It must taper sufficiently steeply. Conventional sawtooth wires actually fulfill these requirements at all times. However, if the area of the sawtooth wire according to the invention was only slightly increased or no increase (small inclination angle with respect to the height direction) was to extend above the entire blade segment side involved, the blocking of the gap should be predicted . Through proper selection of the respective height ranges, the serration wire is prevented from being blocked by the fibers (at least the first), even if the side of the blade segment is partially superfluous (correlating with a nearly unequivocal tapering of the blade segments) do.

At least one first portion (a portion where the width of the sawtooth wire increases less) of the at least one blade segment side is generally less than 5 degrees, preferably 0 to 2 degrees, with a vertical line descending to the base of the foot portion . Thus, since 0 is also possible, the (at least one) first portion of the blade segment side (at least one) may also be parallel to a vertical line descending to the base of the foot portion.

However, at least one second portion of at least one blade segment side typically creates a vertical line descending to the base of the foot portion and an angle greater than 6 degrees, preferably greater than 8 degrees. This angle is typically less than 15 degrees, preferably less than 12 degrees.

In an alternative embodiment, at least one of the blade segment side portions may extend in a curve in a plane defined by the side and height directions. In particular, the entire blade segment side may be a curved, preferably concave (as viewed from the outside). The curve means that there is no kink in the relevant part. Kinks are points at which discontinuities or single points occur in the gradient (of the relevant part).

Ultimately, variations in which at least one blade segment side is formed by a combination of curved surface portions and planar surface portions are also predictable.

In such embodiments (curved surface portions), it is also possible to maintain a relatively high efficiency of the surface processing than is possible when conventional sawtooth wires are used. At the same time, it is also possible to prevent the surface gaps formed by the serrated wires from being blocked by the fibers. For this purpose, the height in the range of 5/10 to 9/10, preferably 3/5 to 4/5 of the maximum height of the blade segments (in analogy to embodiments with flat portions) The width is selected for the point where the steeply increasing surface portion and the more gradually increasing surface portion are in contact with each other. If the entire blade segment side is a curved line, then an appropriate limit (relative to the maximum width increasing per unit of height) can be specified for the determination of this point.

The present invention is described in more detail below based on three embodiments.

1 is a perspective view of a sawtooth wire;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sawtooth wire having blade segment sides with two planar portions, the wire of which is enlarged laterally for reasons of clarity; Fig.
3 shows a profile of a sawtooth wire having a blade segment side with two planar parts;
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a sawtooth wire having blade segment sides with four planar portions, with wires widening in the lateral direction for reasons of clarity;
Figure 5 shows a profile of a sawtooth wire having blade segment sides with four planar portions;
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a sawtooth wire having a blade segment side with a concave curvature in which the wire is laterally enlarged for reasons of clarity;
Figure 7 shows the profile of a serrated wire with a concave blade segment side;
Fig. 8 shows the determination of the profile inclination in the plane extending in the height direction H and the lateral direction B; Fig.
Figure 9 shows a selection of positions for the blade segments and the first and second portions on the blade segment;
Figure 10 shows an alternative shape for a foot segment;
Figure 11 shows a first shape for a second blade segment side;
Figure 12 shows a second shape for a second blade segment side;
Fig. 13 shows a further section of a sawtooth wire. Fig.

The section of the sawtooth wire shown in Figure 1 comprises a base segment 2 and a foot segment 1 characterized by two sides 3 and a second segment 5 connecting the foot segments 1, And a blade segment (4) having a second blade segment side (6). At the side farther from the foot segment 1 (upward), the blade segment 4 is delimited by the outer surface 7 which forms a wave along the staggered path in this way to form the teeth 8.

The sawtooth wire advances in the axial direction (Z); Its height extends in the height direction H and its width extends in the lateral direction B (B is perpendicular to both Z and H).

The height value for which the blade segment 4 has its greatest extent in the height direction H is referred to as the maximum height ( _hmax ) of the blade segment. That the blade segment begins (at its bottom) height value is referred to as the minimum height (h _min). The distance between the minimum height _hmin and the maximum height _hmax (in the height direction) is the total height ( _Hmax ) of the blade segments.

The second blade section side surface 6 extends in a plane defined by the axial direction Z and the height direction H (excluding manufacturing tolerances).

The first blade segment side 5 has a first portion 10 that is positioned higher (more distant from the foot segment 1) on the blade segment 4 and a second portion 10 that is positioned lower downwardly on the blade segment The second portion 11). The relatively smooth round transition region 9 between the foot segment 1 and the blade segment 4 is not part of the blade segment 4, The first portion 10 is substantially parallel to the plane followed by the axial direction Z and the height direction H (thus also parallel to the second blade segment side 6). The first part 10 alternatively forms a small angle not exceeding 2 DEG with respect to the height direction H and proceeds parallel to the axial direction Z except for manufacturing tolerances.

The second portion 11 is also parallel to the axial direction Z (except for the manufacturing tolerances), but compared with the first portion 10, the second portion 11 has a significantly greater angle < RTI ID = Respectively. In other words, the first portion 10 is stiffer than the second portion 11. Steep progress usually means that dh / db is large. For smooth running, dh / db is small in response.

Due to the particular geometric shape of the blade segment 4, its width B may vary from its downwardly upward portion, for example one of the tooth tips 12, as its height initially decreases (i.e. towards the foot segment) (Technically speaking, the tip is a short edge), which increases very slowly (or does not increase at all). In the transition 13 where the first part 10 is merged into the second part 11, the width of the blade segment 4 then increases more steeply (or begins to increase) with a decreasing height. The characteristics of the sawtooth wire, starting from the top, whose width initially increases more slowly towards the bottom and then increases more steeply, is essential to the present invention, and its many beneficial embodiments Lt; / RTI > Of course, this applies to areas of the serrated wire where the material of the original profile is still there, i.e. the material is not punched.

In Fig. 2, a cross section of the sawtooth wire shown in Fig. 1 is illustrated, and in Fig. 3 an associated start profile (corresponding to a toothless sawtooth wire) is illustrated. (In cross section) extends in the lateral direction (B) and in the height direction (H). (As in FIGS. 4 and 6) in Fig. 2, the lateral direction (B) is angular and is enlarged in order to make it possible to recognize the viewer the slope (i.e., the total width (B _max of the sawtooth wire) Is enlarged in comparison with the total height (H _max )).

2, the first portion 10 (in each section plane) is bounded by the end points 14 and 15 and the second portion 11 is bounded by the end points 15 and 16, Are bounded. (I.e. passing through the end points 14, 15 of the first portion 10) along the first portion 10 in the section plane defined by the lateral direction B and the height direction H, The second portion 17 has a steep slope that progresses along the first portion 11 in the same plane (passing through the end portions 15, 16 of the second portion).

Figure 4 shows a cross section of a sawtooth wire whose first blade segment side 5 is made up of four planar surface portions continuing to each other in a height direction H (Figure 5 shows the profile thereof ). (In this section plane) bounded by an end point 20 (having a height value h ₁₁ ) and an end point 21 (having a height value h ₁₂ ) (Most distant from the first portion 1) was selected here as the first portion 10. The second top plane surface portion bounded by the end point 23 (having a height value h ₂₁ ) and the end point 24 (having a height value h ₂₂ ) ). The first splitting line 22 proceeds through the end points 20 and 21 and the second spline 25 proceeds through the end points 23 and 24. The positive quadrants 22 and 25 proceed in a plane defined by the lateral direction B and the height direction H, respectively. Here too, the secant 22 has a steep slope than the secant 25, that is, the secant 22 is smaller than the angle < RTI ID = 0.0 > (19).

More height values (h ₃₎ is below the end point 24 having at least one of the height values of the second portion ₍₂₂ h). More height values (h ₃₎ is lower in height gapgap of the at least one second portion of ₍₂₂ h) is positioned total height (a distance in the height direction (H)) to approximately 1/8 of (H _max) below . The change in the sign of the slope (dh / db) is not allowed in the area between the two height values, i.e. the convexities or depressions are not allowed in this area.

Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the sawtooth wire (Fig. 7 shows its profile) with its first blade segment side 5 being a concave curve (without twist) (as viewed from the outside). In Figure 6 (as previously in Figures 2 and 4), the lateral direction B is again magnified so that the viewer can recognize different angles between the vertical line 19 and the tangent lines 27 and 30 . It is still to be appreciated that the points 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26 and 29 are represented by horizontal strokes crossing the contour of the sawtooth wire 1, . Each point lies at the intersection between the horizontal stroke and the contour of the sawtooth wire (1).

A small surface portion 26 (dotted with respect to the selected section plane) slightly in the height direction H was selected as the first portion 10. Here, the tangent line 27 to the first blade segment side 5 at the surface portion / point 26 is tangential to the other normal line (in the plane defined by the side and height directions) . The second part 11 is similarly formed by the point 29 with the tangent line 30 instead of the quadrant along the planar part. Here too (as with each sub-line), the slope of the tangent corresponds to the derivative (dh / db) in each case at each point. As with the two preceding examples, the tangent line 27 has a steep slope dh / db that is greater than the tangent line 30, i.e., the tangent line 27 is smaller than the angle? And the vertical line 19 descending to the base region 2.

Figure 8 shows the contours of the two first blade segment sides 5 in a plane defined by the height direction H and the lateral direction B. One side of the first blade segment 5 running in each plane is completely curved 31 and the other first blade segment side 32 is made of two planar surface portions 33 and 34. The lateral direction B is again shown in an enlarged form.

In the case of a blade segment side 32 that includes two planar portions, the first portion 10 has a surface extending between points having coordinates (b ₁₁ , h ₁₁ ) and (b ₁₂ , h ₁₂ ) may be selected as the portion 33, second portion 11 has coordinates (b _21, h _21), and is selected as the surface portion 34 that extends between the points has a (b _22, h ₂₂₎ . The inclination of the secant line passing through the end points of the first part 10 is (h ₁₂ -h ₁₁ ) / (b ₁₂ -b ₁₁ ) and the inclination of the secant line passing through the end points of the second part 11 is h ₂₂ - h ₂₁ ) / (b ₂₂ - b ₂₁ ).

With respect to the fully curved blade segment side 31, the first portion 10 and the second portion 11 are selected to be small (i.e., point-like) (at least in the plane shown). The inclination of the first portion 10 is equal to the derivative dh / dh at the point b ₁₁ (or the end point b ₁₂ because the two end points of the smallest portion 10 coincide) , The slope of the second part 11 is equal to the derivative (dh / dh) at the point b ₂₁ (or b ₂₂ ).

9 shows a tooth 8 whose height corresponds to the total height H _max of the blade segment 4, i.e. the total height of the teeth 8 is equal to the total height H _max of the blade segment 4 same.

The teeth have a steep first planar surface portion 35 in the region of the tooth tip 12 and a second planar surface portion 360 that is further flattened below the second planar portion 35. The two surface portions 35, ).

Height value (h _'11 and h' _12), the height having a first portion (110a) and a second portion 111 (the same extent in the axial direction (Z) (z _1), which extends between the value (h ₂₁ ≪ / RTI > and < RTI ID = 0.0 > _h22 ). ≪ / RTI > Alternatively, it is possible to select a first portion 110a and a second portion 111, which extend between the height values h ₁₁ and h ₁₂ , and the two portions 110b and 111 are selected in the axial direction Z (Z ₁ , z ₂ ).

As is apparent from Fig. 10, the foot segment 1 can be shaped such that adjacent wire sections are mutually locked (linked configuration). The side walls 38 of the foot segments are not the subject of the present invention.

In Figures 11 and 12, embodiments of the second blade segment side 6 are shown. The second blade segment side 6 shown in FIG. 11 is almost mirror symmetrical with the first blade segment side 5. Figure 12 shows the blade segment side 6 slightly inclined with respect to the height direction H.

Fig. 13 shows that at least one blade segment side 5 of the sawtooth wire exhibiting the essential feature of the invention can also be placed on the "other" side of the sawtooth wire 1. Fig.

1: foot segment
2: base of foot segment
3: side of foot segment
4: Blade segment
5: first blade segment side
6: Second blade segment side
7: outer surface of blade segment
8: Teeth
9: a round transition between the blade and the foot segment
10: first part
11: Second part
12: Tooth tip
13: transition portion between the first and second portions
14: first end point
15: second end point
16: Third end point
17: First line
18: Second line
19: Vertical line descending to the base of foot part
20: First end point
21: second end point
22: First line
23: Third end point
24: fourth end point
25: Second line
26: small first area / first point
27: Tangent to the first area
29: small second area / second spot
30: Tangent to the second area
31: Curved contour on the side of the blade segment
32: Appearance of side of blade segment made of two planar surface parts
33: first plane surface portion
34: second planar surface portion
35: Steeper planar surface portion
36: Smoother flat surface portion
37: Boundary line between steep and flat surface portions
38: side wall of foot segment
110a: first part
110b: first part (alternative)
111 Second part
Z: Axial direction
B: Side direction
H: height direction
B _max : Overall width of the blade segment
b ₁₁ : upper side value of the first part
b ₁₂ : lower side value of the first part
b _'11 : upper side value of the first part (alternative)
b _'12 : Lower side value of the first part (alternative)
b21: upper side value of the second part
b22: Lower side value of the second part
H _max : Overall height of the blade segment
h _max : maximum blade segment height
h _min : minimum height of blade segment
h ₁₁ : upper height value of the first part
h ₁₂ : Lower height value of the first part
h _'11 : Upper height value of the first part (alternative)
h _'12 : Lower height value of the first part (alternative)
h ₂₁ : upper height value of the second part
h ₂₂ : Lower height value of the second part
h ₃ : additional height value
z ₁ : first axial direction range value
'z ₂ : second axial range value
α1: Angle between the first part and the vertical line descending to the base
alpha 2: angle between the second part and the vertical line descending to the base
? 3: Angle between the first part and the second part

Claims (18)

characterized in that it comprises a) a base region (2) in which the foot segment (1) is supported on a cotton roller, said base region (2) extending in the axial direction (Z)
b) a blade segment (4) extending in a height direction (H) perpendicular to the base region (2) and having height values measured from the base region (2) in the direction of the side of the segment (4) and increases to a maximum height (h _max) of the blade segment (4),
c) a sawtooth wire mounted on a small-surface-borne frit roller, wherein said blade segment (4) is defined in said lateral direction (B) by first and second blade segment sides (5, 6)
d) The absolute value of the slope (dh / db) of the height h as a function of at least the width b of at least the first part 10 of one of the blade segment sides 5, (Dh / db) of at least the second portion 11 of the at least one first portion 10 and the height values of the at least one second portion 11 are greater than the absolute values of the slope dh / (Dh / db) of said at least one first portion (10) and said at least one second portion (11) are the same,
e) the at least one of the smallest height value of the second portion (11), (h ₂₂₎ and the smallest height value of the at least one second portion (11), (h ₂₂₎ the blade segment (4) below The inclination degree of the parts on the same blade segment side 5, 6, with their height values in a range extending between a further height value h ₃ located at a maximum of 1/8 of the total height H _max dh / db have the same sign as the slopes (dh / db) of said at least one first part (10) and said at least one second part (11). The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the smallest height value of the second portion (11) (h ₂₂₎ and the smallest height value of the at least one second portion (11) (h ₂₂₎ the blade under The inclination of these portions on the same blade segment side 5, 6 with their height values in the range extending between additional height values h ₃ located at a maximum of 1/5 of the total height H _max of the segment (dh / db) have the same sign as the slopes (dh / db) of said at least one first part (10) and said at least one second part (11). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the height values are less than the smallest height value (h ₂₂ ) of said at least one second part (11) / db have the same sign as the slopes (dh / db) of said at least one first portion (10) and said at least one second portion (11). Any one of claims 1 to all of the above process according to any one of the preceding, wherein the at least one of the smallest height value of the first portion (11), (h ₁₂₎ is a minimum height (h _min) of said blade segments (4) of the 3 Is located in an area of 50 to 98% of the height (H _max ). Any one of claims 1 to A method according to any one of claim 4, wherein the smallest height value of the at least one first portion (10), (h ₁₂₎ is the largest height value of the at least one second portion (11) ( h _{< RTI ID = 0.0} > ₂₁ ). < / RTI > 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
a) the outer surface (7) restrains the serration wire in the height direction (H) on a side away from the foot segment (1)
b) said outer surface also extends in said height direction (H) and thus defines at least one tooth (8) of said serrated wire,
c) said at least one tooth (8) has said at least one first part (10) and said at least one second part (11). 7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one first part (10) and said at least one second part (11) are located at a point in the axial direction (Z) z. < / RTI > 8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface portions of the at least one blade segment side (5,6) are curved in a plane defined by the lateral direction (B) and the height direction (H) Of the wire. 9. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second surface portions (33, 34) of the at least one blade segment side (5, 6) Extends in a straight line in a plane defined by the axis (H)
(3) in a plane defined by said lateral direction (B) and said height direction (H). 10. The sawtooth wire according to claim 9, characterized in that at most four, preferably three or two straight surface portions follow one another in succession in the height direction (H). 10. The method of claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the highest linear surface portion 33 and its adjacent surface portion 34 has a minimum height (h _min) Overall height (H _max) of the top of the blade segment (4) Wherein the tangential wires contact each other in a height region located at 5/10 to 9/10. 12. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a first portion (10) of the at least one blade segment side (5, 6) has a vertical line (19) descending into the base region ) And an angle less than 5 degrees. 12. A method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that at least a first portion (10) of the at least one blade segment side (5, 6) runs parallel to a vertical line (19) Type wire. 14. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one first part (10) of the first blade segment side (5) is parallel to the part of the second blade segment side (6) . 14. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein at least a second portion (11) of the at least one blade segment side (5, 6) comprises a vertical line (19) , Preferably greater than 8 [deg.]. ≪ / RTI > A method of making a fiber flee,
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a serrated wire according to any one of claims 1 to 15 is used, wherein the yarns and / or synthetic fibers are treated. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that a serrated wire having a total height (H _max ) of less than 4.0 mm, preferably less than 2.5 mm is used. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the uppermost straight surface portion (33) and the second surface portion (34) in contact therewith are positioned 5/100 to 2/10 mm below the maximum height (h _max ) Wherein a serrated wire adjacent to each other in the height region is used.

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