KR20150096877A - Method of decomposing pollutants using pulsed laser - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for decomposing pollutants. The method includes the steps of: (step 1) preparing pulse laser equipment; and (step 2) irradiating the pollutants including persistent organic pollutants with pulse laser by using the pulse laser equipment prepared in step 1. According to the present invention, the method for decomposing pollutants by using pulse laser mitigates a drawback of a conventional existing technology that decomposition of the persistent organic pollutants is very costly in an economical point of view. According to the method, the persistent organic pollutants can be decomposed at low costs, with high efficiency, and in an easier, faster, and more eco-friendly manner by a dehalogenation reaction through a single process by using the pulse laser with high performance and high efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of decomposing pollutants using a pulsed laser,

The present invention relates to a method for decomposing contaminants using a pulsed laser.

Chlorine compounds, which are a kind of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are currently a problem in the world, are not only harmful to humans but also because of their chemical properties, they are difficult to decompose after they are released into the environment. Causing environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a growing interest in methods for decomposing chlorine compounds.

Conventional dehalogenation processes include BCD (base catalyzed decomposition), which is an oxidation / reduction technique for decomposing carbon-hydrogen rings to treat halogen aromatic contaminants, and a reagent called APEG for dehalogenating a halogen aromatic material And an APEG (Alkaline polyethylene glycol) process. Such a process requires a complicated process and an expensive cost, which is not economical.

Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention have developed a method for decomposing contaminants of low cost and high efficiency by conducting a dehalogenation reaction by irradiating a pulsed laser having a high performance and a high efficiency to a contaminant, Completed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for decomposing contaminants using a pulsed laser.

In order to achieve the above object,

Preparing a pulsed laser device (step 1); And

And irradiating a pulsed laser to the contaminant containing the residual organic contaminant using the pulse laser apparatus prepared in the step 1 (step 2).

In addition,

A pulse laser device including a wavelength adjusting device and a pulse laser;

A mirror for adjusting a path of a pulse laser generated in the pulse laser device; And

And a container capable of containing a pollutant. The present invention also provides a device for decomposing contaminants, which comprises a residual organic contaminant using a pulsed laser.

The method of decomposing pollutants using the pulsed laser according to the present invention complements the disadvantages of the conventional prior art which is economically costly in decomposing persistent organic pollutants, It is possible to decompose the residual organic contaminants in an environmentally friendly manner more easily and quickly at a low cost and high efficiency by the dehalogenation reaction through the process.

1 and 2 are schematic views showing a pollutant decomposition apparatus according to the present invention;
3 is a graph showing the efficiency of degradation of contaminants in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 according to the present invention;
4 is a graph showing the efficiency of degradation of contaminants in Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 according to the present invention;
5 is a graph showing the efficiency of degradation of contaminants in Example 1 and Examples 4 to 6 according to the present invention;
6 is a graph showing the efficiency of degradation of contaminants in Examples 1 and 7 according to the present invention.

The present invention

Preparing a pulsed laser device (step 1); And

And irradiating a pulsed laser to the contaminant containing the residual organic contaminant using the pulse laser apparatus prepared in the step 1 (step 2).

Hereinafter, the method for decomposing contaminants according to the present invention will be described in detail for each step.

First, in the method for decomposing contaminants according to the present invention, Step 1 is a step of preparing a pulse laser device.

The method of decomposing pollutants using the pulsed laser according to the present invention complements the disadvantages of the conventional prior art which is economically costly in decomposing persistent organic pollutants, It is possible to decompose the residual organic contaminants in an environmentally friendly manner more easily and quickly at a low cost and high efficiency by the dehalogenation reaction through the process.

Thus, in the step 1, a pulse laser device capable of irradiating a pulse laser is prepared.

Specifically, the pulse laser device of step 1 preferably includes a pulse laser irradiation part and a wavelength adjustment device. A pulse laser can be generated by using a pulsed laser irradiation unit that generates light and a wavelength adjustment device that can adjust the wavelength of the pulsed laser. The pulse laser irradiation unit can irradiate a pulsed laser beam of various powers by controlling a Q-switch and a delay time according to the performance of the laser beam. The wavelength tuning device may use a crystal, but is not limited thereto.

Next, in the method for decomposing contaminants according to the present invention, Step 2 is a step of irradiating a pulsed laser to a contaminant containing a persistent organic contaminant using the pulse laser apparatus prepared in Step 1 above.

Persistent organic pollutants are not only harmful to human body but also cause severe environmental pollution due to their chemical characteristics, which are difficult to decompose after they are released into the environment. A conventional reaction process in the prior art is the BCD process, which is an oxidation / reduction technique for decomposing a carbon hydrogen ring to treat a halogen aromatic contaminant, and the APEG process, which uses a reagent called APEG to dehalogenize a halogen aromatic material.

However, the above process has a problem of complicated process and high cost.

In the step 2, a pulse laser is applied to a contaminant containing a residual organic contaminant using a pulse laser device to perform a dehalogenation reaction. This makes it possible to decompose pollutants more economically and effectively than existing complex and costly dehalogenation reaction processes.

Specifically, the wavelength of the pulsed laser to be irradiated in step 2 is preferably 286 nm or less, more preferably 1 to 286 nm. If the wavelength of the pulse laser irradiated in step 2 exceeds 286 nm, there is a problem that the dehalogenation reaction is difficult to be performed.

In addition, it is preferable that the path of the pulse laser irradiated in the step 2 is a single path or a multipath. The single path is a method in which a pulsed laser is decomposed by a single permeation of a contaminant, and a multipath can be used to decompose contaminants by adding a path of a pulsed laser to more effectively perform the decomposition of contaminants.

At this time, the path of the laser can be controlled by using a plurality of mirrors, thereby forming multiple paths. By way of example, multipaths can be set up so that the two mirrors are nearly horizontal so that the pulsed laser is continuously reflected in the mirror, allowing the pollutant to break down faster than a single path that transmits the pollutant once. If the reflector is installed on one of the mirrors more than four times, it can exhibit a very effective decomposition efficiency because the pollutant can be permeated more than seven times.

The power of the pulse laser irradiated in step 2 is preferably 5 to 20 mJ. If the power of the pulsed laser irradiated in step 2 is less than 5 mJ, the efficiency of the dehalogenation reaction is lowered, or when the addition product (for example, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) There is a problem in that pentachlorobenzene (PCB), tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), etc.) There is a problem that the efficiency of the dehalogenation reaction is lowered or the amount of addition products increases.

Further, the residual organic contaminants of step 2 above may comprise a chlorine compound. For example, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and the like.

In addition,

A pulse laser device including a wavelength adjusting device and a pulse laser;

A mirror for adjusting a path of a pulse laser generated in the pulse laser device; And

And a container capable of containing a pollutant. The present invention also provides a device for decomposing contaminants, which comprises a residual organic contaminant using a pulsed laser.

As an example of the apparatus for decomposing pollutants according to the present invention, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show schematically the apparatus for decomposing pollutants,

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The apparatus for decomposing contaminants according to the present invention comprises a pulse laser apparatus 10 including a wavelength adjusting apparatus (not shown) for adjusting the wavelength of a pulsed laser and a pulsed laser irradiating unit (not shown) for generating a pulsed laser. A mirror (20) for adjusting a path of a pulse laser generated in the pulse laser device; And a container 30 capable of containing contaminants.

The pulse laser irradiator included in the pulse laser apparatus 10 can irradiate pulsed light with various powers by controlling a Q-switch and a delay time according to the performance of the laser. . In addition, the wavelength tuning device is configured to be connected to a pulse laser, and has a function of controlling the wavelength of the pulse laser to 1 to 1064 nm or the like.

As described above, the most important pulse laser device of the present invention has an advantage that the conditions such as wavelength or power can be easily and easily changed.

In addition, the mirror 20 installed at the portion irradiated with the pulse laser functions to adjust the direction of the pulse laser so that the direction of the pulse laser can be easily adjusted, so that it can be freely used at a desired position.

Further, the container 30 is a space in which contaminants are stored and disassembled, so that the material of the container must not react with contaminants or solvents, and laser must be permeable to decompose contaminants.

In the apparatus for decomposing contaminants according to the present invention, the wavelength of the pulsed laser is preferably 286 nm or less, more preferably 1 to 286 nm. If the wavelength of the pulse laser exceeds 286 nm, there is a problem that the dehalogenation reaction is difficult to be performed.

In addition, it is preferable that the path of the pulse laser is a single path or a multi path. The single path is a method in which a pulsed laser is decomposed by a single permeation of a contaminant, and a multipath can be used to decompose contaminants by adding a path of a pulsed laser to more effectively perform the decomposition of contaminants.

At this time, the path of the laser can be adjusted by using a plurality of mirrors 20, thereby forming a multi-path. By way of example, multipaths can be set up so that the two mirrors are nearly horizontal so that the pulsed laser is continuously reflected in the mirror, allowing the pollutant to break down faster than a single path that transmits the pollutant once. If the reflector is installed on one of the mirrors more than four times, it can exhibit a very effective decomposition efficiency because the pollutant can be permeated more than seven times.

The power of the pulse laser is preferably 5 to 20 mJ. If the power of the pulsed laser is less than 5 mJ, the efficiency of dehalogenation reaction is lowered, or the adduct of pentachlorobenzene (PCB), which is produced as an adduct during the dehalogenation reaction of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (Trichlorobenzene, TCB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), and the like) is increased. When the concentration exceeds 20 mJ, the efficiency of the dehalogenation reaction is lowered, and addition There is a problem of increased product.

Further, the residual organic contaminants may include chlorine compounds. For example, hexachlorobenzene, and the like.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and experimental examples.

It should be noted, however, that the following examples and experimental examples are illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited by the examples and the experimental examples.

Example 1: Degradation of persistent organic pollutants 1

Step 1: A pulse laser apparatus including a wavelength adjusting apparatus and a pulsed laser irradiating unit, a mirror and a vessel were prepared and constructed as shown in Fig.

Step 2: 4 mL of the pollutant dissolved in a concentration of 10 ^-4 M in hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which is a residual organic contaminant, in an organic solvent, methanol, was placed in the vessel prepared in step 1 above.

Thereafter, a pulse laser having a wavelength of 266 nm and a power of 10 mJ was irradiated with a single path to the container containing the contaminant to decompose the residual organic contaminants.

Example 2: Decomposition of persistent organic pollutants 2

In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the residual organic contaminants were decomposed by irradiating a vessel containing contaminants in a pulse path having a wavelength of 280 nm and a power of 10 mJ in a single path in the step 2 of Example 1 To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

Example 3: Degradation of persistent organic pollutants 3

In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the residual organic contaminants were decomposed by irradiating a vessel containing the pollutant in the step 2 of Example 1 with a pulse laser having a wavelength of 286 nm and a power of 10 mJ by a single route To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

Example 4 Degradation of Persistent Organic Pollutants 4

In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the residual organic contaminants were decomposed by irradiating the container containing the pollutant in the step 2 of Example 1 with a pulse laser having a wavelength of 266 nm and a power of 5 mJ by a single path To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

Example 5 Degradation of Persistent Organic Pollutants 5

In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the residual organic contaminants were decomposed by irradiating the container containing the pollutant with a pulse laser having a wavelength of 266 nm and a power of 15 mJ in a single path in the step 2 of Example 1 above To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

Example 6 Degradation of Persistent Organic Pollutants 6

Same as in Example 1 except that the residual organic contaminants were decomposed by irradiating the vessel containing the pollutant in the step 2 of Example 1 with a pulse laser having a wavelength of 266 nm and a power of 20 mJ by a single path To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

Example 7 Decomposition of Persistent Organic Pollutants 7

A pulse laser device, a mirror and a container are prepared in the step 1 of the embodiment 1, and a pulse laser having a wavelength of 266 nm and a power of 10 mJ is added to the container containing the pollutant in the step 2, And the residual organic contaminants were decomposed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the residual organic contaminants were decomposed.

Example 8 Degradation of Residual Organic Pollutants 8

The residual organic contaminants were decomposed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that trichlorethylene (TeCE) was used as the residual organic contaminant in Step 2 of Example 1 above.

Example 9 Degradation of Residual Organic Pollutants 9

The residual organic contaminants were decomposed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that tetrachlorethylene (PCE) was used as the residual organic contaminant in Step 2 of Example 1 above.

≪ Comparative Example 1 &

In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the residual organic contaminants were decomposed by irradiation of a pulse laser having a wavelength of 292 nm and a power of 10 mJ in a container containing contaminants in a step 2 of Example 1, To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

≪ Comparative Example 2 &

In the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the step 2 of Example 1, a container containing contaminants was irradiated with a pulse laser having a wavelength of 301 nm and a power of 10 mJ by a single path to decompose the residual organic contaminants To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

≪ Comparative Example 3 &

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the residual organic contaminants were decomposed by irradiating the container containing the pollutant in the step 2 of Example 1 with a pulse laser having a wavelength of 355 nm and a power of 10 mJ by a single path To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

≪ Comparative Example 4 &

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that in the step 2 of Example 1, the container containing the contaminants was irradiated with a pulse laser having a wavelength of 532 nm and a power of 10 mJ in a single path to decompose the residual organic contaminants To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

≪ Comparative Example 5 &

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the residual organic contaminants were decomposed by irradiating the container containing the contaminant in a single path with a pulse laser having a wavelength of 1064 nm and a power of 10 mJ in the step 2 of Example 1 To decompose the residual organic contaminants.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1 Analysis of Pollutant Decomposition Efficiency According to Pulsed Laser Wavelength

In order to examine the efficiency of decomposing pollutants according to the pulse laser wavelength of the pollutant decomposition using the pulsed laser according to the present invention, the efficiency of degradation of the pollutants in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was analyzed, The results are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the case of the decomposition of contaminants in Comparative Examples 3 to 5 performed at a wavelength of 355 to 1064 nm, it was confirmed that the dechlorination efficiency was insignificant and almost no dechlorination occurred.

On the other hand, in the case of the decomposition of the pollutant of Example 1 performed at a wavelength of 266 nm of pulse laser, it was confirmed that dechlorination was performed at 85% or more in 15 minutes, and the efficiency was excellent over time.

Further, as shown in Fig. 4, in the case of the decomposition of contaminants of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 performed at the wavelengths of 292 nm and 301 nm of pulsed laser, the dechlorination efficiency was insignificant and almost no dechlorination occurred.

However, in the case of the decomposition of the pollutants of Example 3 performed at a wavelength of 286 nm of the pulsed laser, the dechlorination efficiency was increased with time, and after 60 minutes, the dechlorination reaction was observed by showing an efficiency of 20% or more I could. In addition, excellent decomposition efficiency was confirmed in the case of the decomposition of the pollutant of Example 2 performed at a wavelength of 280 nm.

As a result, it was confirmed that the dechlorination reaction was performed at a wavelength of 286 nm or less, and it was confirmed that the dechlorination reaction proceeds very effectively at a wavelength shorter than 286 nm.

Experimental Example 2 Analysis of Pollutant Decomposition Efficiency by Pulsed Laser Power

In order to examine the degradation efficiency of the pollutants according to the pulsed laser power of the pollutant decomposition using the pulsed laser according to the present invention, the efficiency of the degradation of the pollutants was analyzed in Example 1 and Examples 4 to 6, 5.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the case of the decomposition of the pollutants of Example 4 performed at a power of 5 mJ of pulsed laser, it was confirmed that dechlorination of 95% or more proceeded within 30 minutes. However, when the dehydrohalogenation reaction of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) proceeds, pentachlorobenzene (PCB), tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), dichlorobenzene Dichlorobenzene, DCB) are produced in an amount of 40% or more.

In addition, in the case of the pollutant decomposition of Example 6 performed at a power of 20 mJ of pulsed laser, dechlorination of 95% or more was observed in 45 minutes, and addition products were also produced by 40% or more.

Furthermore, in the case of the decomposition of the pollutants of Examples 1 and 5 carried out at a pulse laser power of 10 mJ and 15 mJ, not only the dechlorination of 95% or more was carried out in 15 minutes, but the addition product was also produced to 20% .

<Experimental Example 3> Analysis of the degradation efficiency of pollutants according to the pulse laser path

In order to examine the efficiency of decomposing pollutants according to the pulsed laser path of the pollutant decomposition using the pulsed laser according to the present invention, the efficiency of degradation of the pollutants in the first and seventh embodiments was analyzed, Respectively.

As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the reaction efficiency of the pollutant decomposition of Example 6 performed in the multipath is more than two times better than that of Example 1 performed in a single path.

In addition, pentachlorobenzene (PCB), tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), dichlorobenzene (dichlorobenzene), and tetrachlorobenzene, which are generated by the dehydrohalogenation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) , DCB), and so on.

100: Pollutant decomposition device
10: Pulsed laser device
20: Mirror
30: container

Claims (12)

Preparing a pulsed laser device (step 1); And
(Step 2) of irradiating a pulsed laser to a contaminant containing a residual organic contaminant using the pulse laser apparatus prepared in step 1 above.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the pulse laser device of step 1 comprises a pulsed laser irradiation part and a wavelength adjusting device.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the wavelength of the pulse laser irradiated in step 2 is 1 to 286 nm.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the path of the pulse laser irradiated in step 2 is a single path or a multipath.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the path of the laser is controlled using a plurality of mirrors.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the pulse laser power irradiated in step 2 is in the range of 5 to 20 mJ.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the residual organic contaminant in step 2 comprises a chlorine compound.
A pulse laser device including a wavelength adjustment device and a pulse laser irradiation part;
A mirror for adjusting a path of a pulse laser generated in the pulse laser device; And
A device for decomposing contaminants comprising a persistent organic contaminant using a pulsed laser comprising a container capable of containing contaminants.
9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the pulse laser has a wavelength of 1 to 286 nm.
9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the path of the pulsed laser is a single path or a multipath.
9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the pulsed laser has a power of 5 to 20 mJ.
9. The method of claim 8,
Characterized in that the residual organic contaminant comprises a chlorine compound.

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