KR20150093175A - A cabled pipe rack - Google Patents

Abstract

The cable-connected pipe rack according to the present invention is an assembly of structural elements joined together to form a robust structural framework for functioning similarly to a conventional pipe rack. The present invention employs a tension cable to support the lateral movement of the transverse frame along the longitudinal direction. The tension cables are primarily secured to the main fixed structure strategically located at both ends of the cable-connected pipe rack assembly. This structural assembly is a zero-reinforcement pipe rack that completely eliminates the pipe collision problem for any reinforcement element. These innovations take structural advantages from steel and concrete composite columns with full rigid connections at the base and fully welded joints of the transverse beams and columns. The invention is a specific structural system considered as a suitable alternative to conventional pipe racks.

Description

A CABLED PIPE RACK

 The present invention relates to a cable-connected pipe rack considered as a solution to the current problems associated with the design, manufacture and installation of conventional pipe racks.

Steel pipe rack structures are a major commodity in the oil and gas industry, oil refineries, gas plants, liquefied natural gas plants, petroleum plants, chemical plants, mining process plants, and power plants. The steel pipe rack structure generally supports the pipes used to transport or convey any liquid, gas and vapor between the equipment, storage tanks, facility areas, and flare lines, , Instrument cable trays, light mechanical equipment, vessels, and valve access platforms.

A typical pipe rack is a multi-level (generally vertical) pipe consisting of a series of transverse steel frames consisting of a steel H-section column and a transverse I-section beam extending along the length of the pipe system, multi-level structured steel framework. The transverse frame is connected to the longitudinal strut to form one conventional rack of 48-meter length. The industry standard practice provides a 50-meter maximum limit for one rack length, allowing each rack to move independently during thermal expansion and seismic activity. The steel base plate is shop welded to the base of the H-section post and mounted on the top of the concrete pedestal during installation at the site, using a high strength bolt with a thick base plate And is directly connected to the base portion. The bottom of the base plate and the top of the concrete foundation serves as the interface point between the concrete and the steel structure. Steel pipe racks require both lateral and longitudinal steel bracing to achieve and maintain lateral stability against lateral forces such as wind and seismic loads acting in both directions, do

Conventional pipe racks commonly used in industry have never been changed and have not improved to this day since they were introduced. Conventional pipe racks have many pitfalls during the installation phase at the project site of a particular engineering design, manufacture, and project that require significant improvement, In order to overcome these problems that affect the integrity of the pipe rack, a new invention of the pipe rack is highly needed. These risks are responsible for delayed project delivery and completion. A common cause of delay during the engineering phase occurs when there is a collision problem between the pipe and the transverse steel reinforcement. The piping engineers should be limited in their position, and the pipes should not collide with any stiffener elements, for unobstructed pipe installation along the pipe way. On the other hand, structural engineers dealing with structural analysis must ensure that the pipe is deformed in the presence of a collision, because the reinforcement can be easily removed and removed if the engineering calculations are not satisfied This is because it is the main structural element of the pipe rack, which is essential for maintaining lateral stability of the unavoidable structure.

If conventional pipe racks do not have sufficient transverse stiffeners, structural engineers must ensure that the lateral stability of the rack is within acceptable limits, especially when it is necessary to install higher racks in windy and seismically strong project locations. To achieve this, we make a considerable effort to process computer-assisted load analysis.

Resolving significant collision problems and technical inconsistencies during specific design phases for special refinement projects is typically a major concern and remains a repetitive headache in the industry because structural engineers and plumbing engineers can not easily resolve collision problems, This is because we spend a lot of time in controversy during engineering meetings and model reviews at work.

An alternative solution, which is commonly employed by structural engineers to solve the pipe collision problem for transverse stiffeners, is that theoretically acceptable end-moment of the non-to-column joint of the transverse frame end-moment connection. However, in order to achieve full end-to-moment connections in steel construction, this must be a fully welded joint connection of the I-beams to the columns that require a large amount of welding activity at the site of the project during the installation phase However, this method is subject to considerable opposition by the construction team due to the many construction problems and involves a longer delivery time.

The industry has sought a solution by using endplate bolt-fastening type connections to exclude welding operations at the site, and this solution is not popularly accepted by structural engineers, as end-plate bolted fasteners It is because of the infamous assumption of the solution that the connection can produce the same ability as a fully welded connection. The engineering theory is that the bolt-fastening end-plate moment connection of the beam-to-column generates only a partial stiffness capability due to the provision of a standard tolerance gap between the joints necessary to facilitate the installation operation Can be done. By simply observing the given details, it appears that the assumptions and installation requirements made for load analysis do not technically match. Despite these technical incompatibilities, industry has still adopted this arrangement to avoid large quantities of complete welding activity at the site during the installation phase, which is a milestone requiring extra cost for the project's budget Potentially expandable.

As an additional effort to find a solution, the industry has found that 90% of the area of the column flange and the bolt-fastened end-plate joint connection during the installation at that location is between the end plate of the main beam and the column flange Allows conditions to be in full contact to meet engineering requirements without using an insertion plate to fill the gap whenever there is an unexpected gap.

This condition, however, appears to make the setup team again difficult to achieve because the steel component can not simply be installed if the gap is between the joints, force to the bolt, which again becomes very important for the over-stressing of the bolt. Excessive bolt stresses and tightness failures are already present during the installation at the site, and in most cases have already caused delays in installation time, and some have caused minor accidents.

To allow for the use of an insert plate to fill the gaps, in particular to violate the 90% engineering condition parameters, in order to prevent over-stressing of the bolt, especially when the gap is larger than the tolerance limit a silent concession is agreed upon. The improper functioning between these construction teams is not as serious as the inferior quality practice of the structural steel installation leading to the conclusion of the non-conformance behavior by the construction team, ) Is technically objectionable and controversial by the engineering team. Again, the construction team defends itself as pointing the engineer team back as the most vulnerable team in the group by creating inferior quality design drawings that are difficult to build in the appropriate place of the project, resulting in poor installation quality. The disturbance of these events is not changed but is still actively underway.

Collaborative solutions made by the industry do not help solve multi-level problems, and this trend continues for each project in the industry, and debates between project teams are constantly and often occurring. There is no choice in the industry, and installation activities should proceed as planned to meet the delivery of the target project. This multi-level problem has not been solved and faces a major challenge in urban and structural engineering practice globally.

The invention of cable-connected pipe racks solves this multi-level problem; Eliminate pipe conflicts, minimize disputes in the workplace, re-acquire integrity of engineering; Achieve installation quality; And project delivery. In addition to solving the current problems with conventional pipe racks, the invention is believed to be the highest level of benefit to the industry, by reducing the tonnage of stills, workloads, schedules, and funding.

The present invention relates to a multi-disciplined engineer who is engaged in the industry, which is constantly facing various technical challenges in the workplace, from the engineering design stage of a conventional pipe rack, to factory manufacturing, to plant welding, And to provide a technical solution for helping the user.

The present invention relates to a cable-connected pipe rack, and more particularly to a pipe rack employing a tension cable for supporting the lateral movement of the transverse frame along the longitudinal direction, i.e. a structural framework of a zero braced pipe rack Invention eliminates pipe collision problems and resolves technical inconsistencies and disagreements between members of the engineering team, the construction team, and the quality control team.

The present invention produces a robust transverse frame which is the primary support of the pipe passage by employing a composite hollow steel section column with poured concrete. Based on this, solid concrete columns are formed and confined within the hollow steel section columns. A solid concrete column is attached directly to the top of the concrete foundation through a cut-off hole in the base plate having the same diameter as the hollow steel column, and a starter steel bar of at least 1.0 meter in height, Is planted on a concrete foundation and is introduced into hollow steel columns through a cutting hole in the base plate, this arrangement creates a full rigid connection in the base when the concrete is already cured , This arrangement has the ability to withstand lateral stability if the base has a rigid support connection. Accordingly, the vertical stiffener at the base level is no longer needed, thereby creating a zero-stiffened pipe passage at ground level. Interestingly, the number of tonnages, stiffener plates, and fixing bolts in the steel plate is significantly reduced only at the base level.

An additional point is that by adopting a 600 mm long cut-off main I-beam that is completely welded to the composite pillar through the ring stiffener arranged in alignment with the flange of the beam at all the rack levels, And the splicing of the main beam is shifted to a safety distance of 600 mm from the face of the column and this safety distance already has a reduced internal force so that any possible gaps can be easily And the installation of the site becomes simpler and the technical problems of bolt over stress are completely eliminated, thereby achieving a good installation quality.

The inventive claim to have an innovative strategy for moving the tangential point away from the plane of the column solves the technical inconvenience because the present invention employs a splice connection of beams directly welded to the surface of the column, Because it creates true full-moment connection capacity that is technically and theoretically consistent with load analysis. The technical problem of conditional requirement of 90% of joint surface during installation is no longer applicable. This new arrangement creates a zero-reinforcement pipe passage at the upper level of the cable-connected pipe rack, thereby completely eliminating the possibility of collision. Prior to delivery to the site, the cut I-beam is fully welded to the hollow steel column as the article of manufacture.

During installation at the site, the fixed structure must be installed first, the fixed structure must be installed at the designated location, the concrete must be laid ahead of the frame to provide sufficient curing time, It must be cured before it becomes. Prior to installation of the frame at the location, each frame is assembled by bolting the manufactured article of the column with the cut-off I-beam and main beam at the leveled placement position. A boom crane with a spreader will be used to raise and lower the assembled frame as a whole or as a piece to the desired position and a temporary retraction with a turn-buckle attached to both sides of the frame, Will be used during installation to maintain vertical alignment.

Once all of the transverse frames are installed and completely aligned, the horizontal tension cables are continuously installed from one end of the stationary structure to the other end, and the necessary incremental adjustment to achieve perfect vertical alignment of the frame To fine-tune, a turn-buckle attached to the cable will be used. Such a tension cable will act as a permanent lateral support designed to maintain small lateral movement of the transverse frame along the longitudinal direction. The fixed structure is clearly located at both ends of the pipe rack length and plays an important role for the present invention.

By adopting composite columns for structural systems, concrete is laid with hollow steel columns and reaches the curing period of the concrete, which produces a robust structural skeleton. This robustness is a product of a composite column with a rigid connection at the base and a fully rigid junction connection of the beams and columns of the transverse frame. Such a frame has been physically and theoretically proven to have great resistance to lateral forces along both the transverse and longitudinal directions, and with this structural advantage, tension cable rods having shackles and turn- To replace the conventional solid I-beam section commonly used as a longitudinal strut for a conventional pipe rack. This innovative strategy of using tension cable rods as a replacement for solid I-beam struts saves the enormous tonnage of structural steel and the time allocated for manufacturing, factory welding, and installation. The size and strength of tension cable rods, seats, turn-buckles and gusset plates are determined by engineering calculations.

A miscellaneous non-structural component of a pipe rack, such as an external pedestrian catwalk, a cable tray, a stairwell, an exit ladder, a deflection support of a small pipe, a special pipe support along the longitudinal axis The beam is connected to the main structural system through hook-up only when needed, and is supported by a support for the multi-level cable tray mounted at the top level by simply using a flange to flange type column connection An upward extension of the pipe rack to provide a frame can be achieved. Non-structural hook-up assemblies will be developed independently to meet individual project requirements. The development of such could be done using a conventional approach or as a potential future modification to provide a non-structural article, a new innovative approach to forming a part of the invention may additionally be employed There will be.

The present invention is entirely new to the industry and the disclosure of the technical solution can be applied to the industry by reducing the tonnage, time and money of the structural steel during the engineering design phase, the factory phase, and finally the installation phase at the site It is thought to provide many benefits.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a cable-connected pipe rack structural skeleton having five levels of racks, in which a tension cable is fixed at both ends using a type-1 (diagonal reinforcing) fixing structure in which the tension cables are located at both ends of one rack length And FIG.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cable-connected pipe rack structural skeleton having seven levels of racks, in which a tension cable is mounted at both ends using a Type-2 (reinforced-tower) And FIG.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal elevational view of a cable-connected pipe rack having five levels of racks, wherein the elevation cable has a fixed elevation using a Type-1 (diagonal reinforcing) fixed structure located at one end of one rack length Respectively.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal elevational view of a cable-connected pipe rack having seven levels of racks, with a fixed elevation using a Type-2 (reinforced-tower) fixed structure where tension cables are located at both ends of one rack length Respectively.
Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a cable-connected pipe rack having five levels of racks. The main beam is tangential at 600 mm from the face of the column at both ends of the beam.
Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a cable-connected pipe rack having seven levels of racks. The main beam is tangential at 600 mm from the face of the column at both ends of the beam.
Figure 7 shows an enlarged view of a Type-1 (diagonal reinforcing) fastening structure.
Figure 8 shows an enlarged view of a Type-2 (reinforced-tower) fastening structure. The reinforced towers are mainly used as fastening structures for racks with the largest load with seven or more levels in a project location where diagonal-reinforced fastening structures can not be handled anymore, particularly large winds and large seismic forces .
Figure 9 shows an enlarged view of a fully welded beam-to-column connection. This figure shows an end moment connection at a column junction using a ring stiffener of a column as a receiving portion of a truncated I-beam.
Figure 10 shows an enlarged view of a simple beam splice located at a minimum distance of 600 mm from the plane of the column. The truncated beams are fully welded to the posts, one manufactured article, prior to delivery of the site.
Figure 11 shows an enlarged view of a Gusset plate having a slotted hole completely welded to the ring stiffener of the column to provide tension cables disposed at all rack levels and between the frames both within the fastening structure.
Figure 12 shows that a solid concrete column can be made to pass through the holes of the base plate in order to be able to create a fully rigid connection at the base, using only the minimum number of base plates, stiffener plates, and reduced number of fixing bolts Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > minimum height of 1.0 meter.
Figure 13 shows a typical view of a longitudinal beam installed at the beam level where the pipe enters and exits the pipe passage may require a special support along the length direction. The connection is just a simple pin.
Figure 14 shows a typical view of a longitudinal beam installed between rack levels where, in any vertical position, where the pipe enters and exits the pipe passage may require a special support along its length . The connection is a simple pin using only the clamp type connected to the steel column by bolting and rubber bands or equivalent material may be placed between the rubber bands to minimize rust build up by avoiding direct contact of the steel surfaces.
15 is a cross-sectional view of a rack as a plan cross-reinforcement to resist tortional forces applied at the top flange of the main beam due to frictional forces and pipe securing, which will be hooked up to the desired position in the rack assembly. a tension cable rod having a turnbuckle for serving as a plan cross-bracing (see FIG. 15), wherein specific design and pinned type connections are developed accordingly to meet piping requirements will be.
Figure 16 is a temporal bite used during installation of the transverse frame secured to the side of the concrete foundation along the longitudinal axis.

The present invention relates to rearranging objects inside a box. The cable-connected pipe racks 10 and 10a as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 will function in much the same way as the conventional pipe racks, but the structural configuration, physical appearance and method of production are greatly different.

The present invention is a smart assembly of key structural elements that are combined together to form a robust structural skeleton made up of locally available construction materials. The construction material is as follows: Tubular hollow steel columns 11 A base plate 12 having cut holes having the same size and opening as those of the hollow tubular column, a base plate 12 having a plurality of openings (circular, square and rectangular cross-sections) A cable rod 13, an I-beam 15, a steel bar 16, and a concrete-mixed material. The co-operative function of each of the elements forming the material, the manner in which it is injected, and the structural system is characterized by the fact that a much lower amount of steel tonnage is included and the more robust of the pipe rack structure is considerably easier to design, Create a structural skeleton.

During installation at the corresponding location of the cable-connected pipe rack, the fixed structure must first be installed, the fixed structure must be installed at the designated location, the concrete must be paved prior to the frame to provide sufficient curing time, It must be cured before any fixing work is carried out. Prior to installing the frame at the location, each frame is assembled by bolting together the manufactured articles of the column and beam in a laveled lay down position, Or less, or two or three segments depending on the size or height of the transverse frame, and the cut point is the tangent point of the column . A boom crane with a diffuser will be used to raise and lower the assembled frame as a whole or as a piece to the desired position, with temporary fastening portions with turn-buckles on both sides of the frame, .

Once all of the transverse frames of one rack length have been completely installed and aligned, a permanent horizontal tension cable rod with turn buckles is installed at all rack levels to interconnect both the series of transverse frames to the fixed structure And the horizontal clamping of the tension cable is calculated by an engineering calculation designed to stabilize the potential lateral movement of the transverse frame in the full load application. Once the frame is fully anchored and inspected, the concrete will be cast into the hollow steel columns of the frame, and the process of concrete placement and curing requirements will be developed independently in accordance with industry standards and configuration practices.

The structural system of a cable-connected pipe rack is an assembly of five key components to keep the structural system fully functional. Each component is described below with the respective and cooperative function of such a component that makes this innovation real. It is believed that the present invention will change aspects of an oil refinery plant, a gas plant, a liquefied natural gas plant, a petroleum plant, a chemical plant, a mining process plant, a power plant, and other similar industrial plant projects.

The first component (Figures 5 and 6)

The transverse frame consists of:

a) Hollow steel section posts with rigid fixed support connections in the base

The present invention relates to tubular hollow steel sections as the most suitable material to be used as a column for managing composite column technology. The primary intent to use a hollow steel section is to simply adopt a starter bar dowel planted into a concrete base (see Figure 12), passing completely through the cut hole opening of the base plate into the hollow steel column To create a fully rigid connection at the base. An average of four fixed bolts is sufficient to hold the column during the installation period, and once the frame is installed and aligned, the concrete will be laid to enable a more robust composite column with complete stiffness at the base, No longer required, thereby creating a zero-stiffened pipe passageway.

One invention in a rigid connection can ensure that 100% lateral stability is achieved at the base, which is achieved by providing a base plate of minimum thickness, a minimum stiffener plate, and a transverse frame that requires only a small number of fixing bolts Creates a true rigid base connection. When the applied moment force at the base is sufficiently large, the structural engineer will simply use hollow steel columns of larger diameter with the required starting stub bar area calculated to produce a moment capacity greater than the applied force. In addition, engineering calculations are much simpler to implement, save significant time in the manufacturing plant, and simplify installation tasks that require only four fixed bolts to be tightened.

In order for the composite column to continue to function as a column, the shear connection is employed to be welded to the inner surface of the hollow column which is attainable by welding, and the size and spacing of the connections are determined by engineering calculations. The provision of a steel reinforcement zone to tackle the starter bar inside the steel column is optional or is determined by calculation, a bar placement method developed independently by industry practice. The hollow tubular steel columns can easily be welded to the flange bolted joints using flanges and the tails can be changed from the same size of the columns that rest on the top of the others, May be disposed at the upper level.

b) complete of beam to column connection End - Moment connection - (Figure 9)

The present invention employs a cut-off I-beam (17) of 600 mm length which is completely welded directly to the face of the column (11). This arrangement achieved complete rigidity at the junction of the beam and column and thus created a fully rigid transverse frame through the ring stiffener arranged in alignment with the flange of the beam at all rack levels, (See Fig. 10), which requires only a simpler connection design.

The fully welded joint connection of the beam and column produces a perfect end-moment capacity for all joints of the transverse frame at all levels, which means that it is no longer necessary to provide a vertical stiffener at the top level of the cable- , Thereby creating a zero reinforced pipe passage at the upper level. Prior to delivery of the site, the cut I-beam is welded to a hollow steel column as an article of manufacture.

The cable-connected pipe rack transverse frames claimed will all be installed at the site by means of bolted joints, while achieving the full moment capacity of the joint without a single welding operation at the site. Engineering calculations and load analysis are met, without technological inconsistencies, without deviations and concessions to the design resources, and with 100% fully matched engineer requirements and meet construction requirements.

Industrial practice allows a typical pipe rack to have a length of up to 50 meters to permit thermal expansion during operating conditions and to release energy during seismic operations. Interestingly, cable-connected pipe rack assemblies have the potential to span up to 100 meters, because the thermal expansion is individually controlled by the slotted holes in the connecting plates on each frame, and similarly in the slotted holes Earthquake energy is released immediately. If a 100 meter length is adopted, a permanent diagonal pull will be provided to support at least two-frames at the same distance to reduce the tension load at the main anchor point.

The second component

(18) - will function as one of the most innovative roles for this innovation, and all lateral loads will be neutralized and suppressed in this fixed structure. The fixed structure acts as a fixed point for all tension cables 13, which are strategically positioned at both ends of all the lengths of the cable-connected pipe rack assembly. They are categorized into, but not limited to, two-type: Type-1 to provide a pipe rack of six or less levels, and Type-2 to provide a pipe rack of seven or more levels, And a type-2 context. The fixed structure 18 is designed to withstand longitudinal stability to the stationary load. Fixed structures must first be constructed during installation at the appropriate location of the cable-connected pipe rack, and the pipe rack will need to be installed at the designated location and poured into the concrete ahead of the frame to provide sufficient concrete curing time. Concrete should be cured prior to any fixed activities. Engineering calculations will verify the lateral stiffness of Type 1 and Type 2 fixed structures.

(Fig. 7) (19) - the same design and material as the transverse structural steel frame, and the assembly comprises an upper end welded together via a connecting plate (193) A vertical frame 191 located at the last row with a common joint at the edge and a diagonal frame 192 inclined to the outer position. To complete the anchoring structure, a small sized I-beam 194 is installed at all rack levels to reinforce the fastening assembly along the longitudinal axis adopting the same joint connection strategy. A gusset plate 195 having a slotted hole for providing pin connection of the tension cable is provided at all rack levels of the fastening structure. The assembly and installation strategy is similar to the transverse frame.

Type 2, reinforced-tower fixture structure (Fig. 8) 20 - is constructed of the same design and materials as this transverse main structural steel frame, and the configuration is a small I-beam 203 ) And the last two rows of vertical frames (201, 202), which are connected together in all respects by a diagonal cross-stiffener (204) using a small-sized H section provided between the levels from the top to the top level of the base Lt; / RTI > The beam-to-column connection uses the same full moment connection strategy, and the cross-stiffener uses a pinned-type splice connection. A gusset plate 205 arrangement similar to Type-1 is used. The assembly and installation strategy is similar to the transverse frame.

The third component (Figure 9)

Tension cable rods having turn-buckles 13 and 14 at the first end and the turn-buckles at the other end. These components are one of the most dramatic parts of innovation and are the most eye-catching in a structural system. The present invention provides a lateral support using a tension cable rod (13) to replace a conventional I-beam section originally used as a longitudinal strut for interconnecting a series of transverse frames along a longitudinal axis It innovates. Firstly, based on the actual situation, it is clear that when all the pipes are completely installed in the pipe rack, it basically helps strengthen the longitudinal axis of the pipe passage and supports the frame for any individual frame movement. Second, it has been demonstrated that the interconnecting arrangement of the various pipes along the pipe passage further enhances the longitudinal stability of the pipe rack assembly. Thirdly, the present invention takes structural advantages from the robustness of the transverse frame, which requires a minimum longitudinal dimension. These basics are technically met.

The size and strength of the tension cable material, the sleeves, the turn-buckles, and the gusset plates are determined by engineering calculations.

During installation of the transverse frame, the retention portion is temporarily used to keep the frame aligned in the vertical position, which is where the mounting of the concrete base portion 21 (see FIG. 12) where the mounting retraction portion is pin- By providing one or more rounded fasteners embedded in the side portions. When all the frames are installed in the final position and fully equipped, tension cable rods are now horizontally installed at all rack levels and finally interconnect all the frames to the fixed structure. Each cable length holding the frame is pinned into the slotted holes of the gusset plate while controlling the increasing alignment with the turn-buckle at the other end.

Industry practice allows one conventional pipe rack to have a maximum length of 50 meters, allowing thermal expansion during operating conditions and allowing energy release during seismic activity. Interestingly, cable-connected pipe rack assemblies have the potential to span up to 100 meters, because the thermal expansion is individually controlled by the slotted holes in the connecting plates on each frame, and similarly in the slotted holes Earthquake energy is released immediately. When a length of 100 meters is adopted, at least two-frames are supported at the same distance with diagonal pulling to reduce the tension load at the main fixing point.

Fourth component

Concrete material - is one of the key elements used in structural systems to help produce robust solid vertical elements. The result is that the effect of confining the concrete within the steel tube section plays a large role in increasing the compressive strength to nearly 60%, thereby making the composite pillar a robust vertical element. After all the transverse frames are installed, perfectly aligned, vertically stable, and fully secured to the fixture, the concrete is poured into hollow steel columns. After the concrete has been cured, the cable-connected pipe rack has a full rigid connection at the base of the column, which is physically and theoretically recognized as having a great resistance to lateral forces along both the transverse and longitudinal directions. Creating a robust transverse frame. Concrete mixing, curing requirements, casting processes and methods will be developed independently to meet and fit project requirements.

Fifth component

Is a non-structural component developed as an independent hook-up assembly to meet the individual project requirements to be connected using a pin type at the desired location during installation at the location. During design development, the strength of non-structural components will not be calculated, and all detailed drawings of the components are simply developed using standard drawings accepted in industry. The additional input load due to these components is accounted for in the load analysis of the main rack assembly.

The sundry hook-up assembly of the pipe rack is listed below:

a) the extension of the column at the upper end of the rack to provide a cable tray used for electrical and instrument lines will be connected through a bolt-fastened flange at the upper end of the column, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI >

b) the main stairwell, external pedestrian passage and cage ladder for operational access, maintenance and emergency escape will be easily hooked up to the main rack assembly by means of a simple pin connection, Pin-type connections will be developed accordingly to meet project requirements.

c) A platform for lighter equipment will be manufactured and hooked up to the desired location within the rack assembly, with detailed design and pin type connections to be developed accordingly to project requirements.

d) an intermediate hook-up support for a smaller pipe to support sagging between regular intervals is made and hooked up to the desired position in the rack assembly, the detailed design and the pin-type connection are made to project requirements It will be developed accordingly.

e) a longitudinal beam for supporting the pipes entering and leaving the main rack (see Figs. 13 and 14) will be manufactured and hooked up to the desired position in the rack assembly, the detailed design and pin- Will be developed accordingly.

f) a tensile cable rod having a turnbuckle serving as a plan cross-reinforcement (see Fig. 15) for resisting the frictional force and the twisting force applied at the top flange of the main beam due to the pipe fixation, The detailed design and the pin-type connection will be developed accordingly in accordance with the piping requirements.

Claims (4)

A structural skeleton assembly of a cable-connected pipe rack comprising:
a) a fully rigid support in the base by employing a starting bar connecting the concrete base and the composite column;
b) a steel base plate having openings of the same size as the hollow pillars to allow passage of the starting bar and concrete pouring;
c) Circular, square, and rectangular hollow steel section columns filled with concrete to produce composite columns after alignment and fixation are checked;
d) a truncated I-beam of a minimum length of 600 mm and a maximum length of 1000 mm, fully welded to the column ring stiffener to produce a true complete moment connection of the main transverse beam at the column junction;
e) a ring stiffener of a column connected by a complete weld to a hollow steel column and acting as a connection to the cut I-beam;
f) Fixed structure for serving as a fixing point of horizontal tension cables strategically located at both ends of all pipe rack lengths, wherein the fixed structure includes a hollow steel column filled with concrete and to resist the fixed load Reinforced, rigid structure;
g) a horizontal tension cable having a one-end closure and a turn-buckle at the other end, acting as a lateral support for all of the transverse frames against the fixed structure, And a transverse frame connected to the fixed structure, the transverse frame comprising: a horizontal tension cable including two hollow steel columns filled with concrete, a cut I-beam and a main transverse beam;
h) a longitudinally intermediate I-beam for supporting a pipe entering and exiting the pipe rack, which can be installed at any location within the column height by simply using a clamp assembly bolted to two adjacent posts; And
i) a receiving blinded flange flange located at the upper end of a hollow steel column designed to receive an upwardly extending portion of a cable-connected pipe rack employing a simple bolted flange-to-flange connection of a hollow steel column
Wherein the structural skeleton assembly comprises: A method of installing a structural skeleton of a cable-connected pipe rack according to claim 1,
a) the retaining structure must first be constructed by installation at the designated location and, prior to the transverse frame, a hollow steel column is poured into the concrete to provide sufficient concrete curing time;
b) the transverse frame is installed as a whole or as a piece and is supported by four or eight temporary pulls connected to a circular fixing part embedded in the side part of the concrete base to hold the frame in a vertical position;
c) a permanent horizontal tension cable is installed only if the concrete laid in the fixed structure is already cured and ready to withstand the clamping force; The permanent horizontal tensioning cables can only be moved from one end of the fixed structure to the last frame and finally from the fixed structure to the first transverse frame only after all the transverse frames are fully installed and perfectly aligned, Lt; / RTI >
d) The upward extension of the cable-connected pipe rack is carried out by removing the plugging cover of the receiving flange at the upper end of the hollow steel column and installing a new hollow steel column extension using only a bolt-fastened flange-to- Wherein said structural skeleton installation method comprises the steps of: A method of making a concrete foundation of a cable-connected pipe rack of claim 1,
a) the starting bar for the hollow steel column is interconnected to the main steel bar of the base;
b) at least four fixing bolts used during the installation step of the transverse frame are embedded in the main bar of the base and interconnected;
c) a circular fixture for providing a diagonal pivot is embedded diagonally to both sides of the base along the longitudinal axis of the pipe rack at a distance of 150 mm below the top of the base;
d) the concrete is cast into the foundation only if the items a) to c) are completely achieved. 11. A method of producing a rigid structural framework of a cable-connected pipe rack according to claim 1 or 2,
a) once the permanent horizontal tension cable is fully installed to hold all the transverse frames from one end to the other of the fixed structure, the concrete is poured into the hollow steel columns of the transverse frame;
b) Prior to the placement of any pipe and equipment load on the pipe rack, the concrete poured with the hollow steel columns of the transverse frame is cured.

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