KR20140142869A - Combustion apparatus and method for inflammable solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are an apparatus and a method to combust inflammable solid waste. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus to combust inflammable solid waste, which has a gasification furnace to generate a heat energy by combusting a fuel as an inflammable solid waste comprises: a waste supply unit which includes a hopper having an accommodation space to accommodate inflammable solid waste therein, and includes a fluid fuel injection valve arranged on a lower side of the hopper to control the storage quantity of the inflammable solid waste; a first combustion chamber which has a plurality of holes on a lower side thereof, is arranged in the gasification furnace, and receives the inflammable solid waste from the waste supply unit and heats and dries the inflammable solid waste at high temperatures to generate gas and evaporation residue; a top-shaped grate arranged on a lower side of the first combustion chamber to be rotated; a residue removing device arranged on an inner lower side of the gasification furnace to water-seal the evaporation residue generated from the first combustion chamber; a second combustion chamber formed on an outer side of the first combustion chamber to combust the gas matters treated in the first combustion chamber; and a third combustion chamber connected with a gas inlet and the second combustion chamber and converts the gas combusted in the second combustion chamber into heat energy by performing re-combustion on the gas.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus and method for combustible solid waste,

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for combusting combustible solid waste, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for combusting combustible solid waste which can utilize thermal energy by burning combustible solid waste to generate hot smoke.

Solid and sludge materials that human beings are thrown away from production and life activities are abbreviated as solid waste. Generally, solid wastes include solid waste fuel products such as urban waste, waste plastics, agricultural and forestry waste, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), coal sludge, and the like.

On the other hand, due to the development of the industrial society and the improvement of the standard of living, the amount of the solid waste is gradually increasing. Accordingly, a serious environmental pollution problem has arisen, and various means and methods for solving the problem have been sought.

Landfill, which is one of the methods for treating solid waste, is difficult to select landfill and causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, simple incineration of solid waste is very unreasonable to burn out combustible materials with huge amount of heat. , Not only is it an uneconomical method, but exhaust gas generated after simple incineration contains harmful components to the human body, which causes secondary pollution such as serious air and water pollution. Therefore, at present, devices and methods for converting solid wastes into solid fuels to regenerate and recycle them are being developed.

A solid waste incinerator that has been commercialized on the market is a burning unit for charging solid waste, an input unit, a thermal decomposition furnace for burning and decomposing solid waste, a combustion furnace for recovering and heating the hot gas discharged from the thermal decomposition furnace, And a dust collecting device for filtering the fine dust of the low temperature gas discharged through the hot water boiler and the hot water boiler for heat exchange between the hot exhaust gas generated in the furnace and the heating water. However, since the solid waste incinerator having the above-described structure is required to perform the primary and secondary combustion in different roasters, the facility structure is complicated and the use of solid waste having a low calorific value is not suitable.

An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for combusting a combustible solid waste which can increase the combustion efficiency by causing vaporization, combustion, and purification of the combustible solid waste to occur inside a single vaporization furnace.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus and method for combusting a combustible solid waste having a gasification furnace for combusting combustible solid waste with fuel to generate thermal energy, A waste supply unit having a hopper formed therein and an input valve disposed below the hopper for controlling the amount of storage of the combustible solid waste; A first combustion chamber in which a plurality of holes are formed on the lower side and which is disposed inside the vaporizing furnace and receives the combustible solid waste from the waste supply unit and is heated and dried at a high temperature to produce gaseous products and vaporized residues; A tower-shaped grate rotatably disposed below the first combustion chamber; A residue remover disposed in an inner lower portion of the vaporization furnace to seal the vaporization residue generated from the first combustion chamber; A second combustion chamber formed outside the first combustion chamber for burning a gas product among the substances processed in the first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber connected to the second combustion chamber and a gas product inlet and outlet for combusting gaseous products combusted in the second combustion chamber, And a third combustion chamber for converting the combustible solid waste into heat energy.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of combusting combustible solid waste for combusting combustible solid waste with fuel to generate thermal energy, the method comprising: a transportation step in which the combustible solid waste is supplied to a waste supply unit and transported in a vaporization furnace; A first combustion step of heating and combusting the combustible solid waste transported in the transportation step at a high temperature in a first combustion chamber to produce a gas product and a vaporization residue; A second combustion step of combusting the gaseous product produced in the first combustion step in a second combustion chamber; And a third combustion step of re-burning the gaseous product burnt in the second combustion stage to convert it into heat energy.

The apparatus and method for burning combustible solid waste according to embodiments of the present invention can integrate the vaporization, combustion, and purification processes of combustible solid waste into one vaporization furnace, so that the facility structure can be scientific and simple to operate.

1 is a front view of a combustion apparatus for combustible solid waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD shown in Fig.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE shown in Fig.
4 is a plan view of the third combustion chamber shown in Fig.
5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for combusting combustible solid waste according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the following examples are provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In addition, the following embodiments are provided to explain the present invention more fully to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those skilled in the art, And it is noted that, for convenience of explanation, the configurations shown in the drawings may be somewhat exaggerated.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a combustible solid waste combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along a DD line shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along an EE line shown in FIG. 1 And Fig. 4 is a plan view of the third combustion chamber shown in Fig. 1 to 4, a combustor 10 for combustible solid waste according to an embodiment of the present invention includes combustible solid waste (not shown) having a vaporizer 100 for combusting combustible solid waste with fuel to generate thermal energy, The first combustion chamber 110, the grate 130, the second combustion chamber 150, the third combustion chamber 170, and the remnant removing device 140, which are configured to include the waste supply unit 200, the first combustion chamber 110, .

The waste supply part 200 may be disposed above the vaporization furnace 100 to supply the combustible solid waste to the vaporization furnace 100. In addition, the waste supply unit 200 may include a hopper 21 and a material charge valve 220.

The hopper 21 may be formed with a receiving space such that the combustible solid waste A is contained therein. In addition, the hopper 21 may be formed in a funnel shape on the lower side.

On the other hand, the material charge valve 220 may be disposed on the lower side of the hopper 21. In addition, the material charge valve 220 can regulate the amount of combustible solid waste A supplied in the gasification furnace 100. More specifically, the user can adjust the amount of the combustible solid waste supplied into the gasification furnace 100 by rotating the supply valve 220 to open and close the lower portion of the hopper 21.

Meanwhile, the first combustion chamber 110 may be disposed inside the vaporization furnace 100. In addition, the first combustion chamber 110 can receive the combustible solid waste A from the waste supply unit 200. In addition, a plurality of holes may be formed in the lower side of the first combustion chamber 110.

The lower end of the first combustion chamber 110 may be a funnel shape. This is to prevent the combustible solid waste A from being excessively introduced into the grate 130 when the combustible solid waste A combusted in the first combustion chamber 110 is filtered by the grate 130 to be described later .

The first combustion chamber 110 can generate the gas product B and the vaporization residue C by heating and drying the combustible solid waste A supplied from the waste supply unit 200 at a high temperature. At this time, a cruciform first air intake passage 111 may be formed under the first combustion chamber 110 (see FIG. 2). Therefore, outside air can be introduced into the first combustion chamber 110 through the first air entryway 111. [ That is, the combustion of the flammable solid waste A in the first combustion chamber 110 can be promoted by the air introduced from the first air entryway 111.

Meanwhile, a plurality of induction plates 120 may be formed in the lower portion of the vaporization furnace 100. More specifically, the induction plate 120 is formed in the lower portion of the gasification furnace 100 so that the gas product B generated in the first combustion chamber 110 can induce a movement to the second combustion chamber 150, which will be described later . At this time, the induction plate 120 may be inclined to form a 30 to 70 degree angle with the horizontal plane. This is to allow the gas product B generated in the first combustion chamber 110 to be transferred to the second combustion chamber 150 to be described later. In other words, the induction plate 120 is inclined to induce the transfer of the gas product B, so that the gas product B can be easily transferred to the second combustion chamber 150.

Further, each of the induction plates 120 may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. At this time, the distance between the spaced distance and the guide plate 120 may be 1/5 to 1/6. This is to filter out impurities of high particulate matter in the gas product (B). In other words, the plurality of induction plates 120 are formed to be spaced apart from each other to form a gap, so that the impurities of the high particle are filtered into the gap.

Further, a combustion nozzle 121 may be installed at the upper end of the induction plate 120. Therefore, the gas product B having passed through the induction plate 120 can be transferred to the second combustion chamber 150 through the combustion nozzle 121.

Meanwhile, the grate 130 may be rotatably disposed below the first combustion chamber 110. Also, the grate 130 may be formed in a top shape. Further, the grate 130 may transfer the vaporized residue C to the remover removal device 140. [ In other words, the grate 130 arranged below the first combustion chamber 110 is rotated to transfer the vaporized residue C generated in the first combustion chamber 110 to the remnant remover 140, which will be described later.

On the other hand, the remnant removing device 140 may be disposed inside the vaporizing furnace 100. Also, the remnant removing device 140 can seal the vaporization residue C generated in the first combustion chamber 110. In other words, the remnant removing apparatus 140 can prevent the vaporized residue C from being dispersed by the outside air by introducing water into the vaporized residue C. At this time, a conveyor belt 141 may be provided below the remnant removing device 140. That is, the vaporized residue C water-sealed in the remnant removing device 140 can be discharged to the outside of the vaporizing furnace 100 through the conveyor belt 141.

Meanwhile, the second combustion chamber 150 may be formed outside the first combustion chamber 110. More specifically, the second combustion chamber 150 may be formed in the circumferential direction of one combustion chamber 110.

In addition, the second combustion chamber 150 can combust the gas product B generated in the first combustion chamber 110. At this time, a second air intake passage 151 may be formed at one side of the second combustion chamber 150. That is, outside air can be introduced from the second air entryway 151 to promote combustion of the gas product B. At this time, the second air intake passage 151 may be installed above the combustion nozzle 121. This is because the gas product B generated in the first combustion chamber 110 passes through the combustion nozzle 121 and is transferred to the second combustion chamber 150. In other words, when the gas product B passes through the combustion nozzle 121 and is burned in the second combustion chamber 150, external air flows through the second air inlet 151 disposed above the combustion nozzle 121 And combustion of the gas product (B) is promoted.

In addition, the diameter of the second combustion chamber 150 and the diameter ratio of the first combustion chamber 110 may be between 1.1 and 1.5. This is to lower the gas flow resistance. More specifically, when the combustible solid waste A is heated and dried in the first combustion chamber 110, the volume of the second combustion chamber 150 is increased by the volume of the first combustion chamber 110 So that the gas flow rate of the gas product B injected into the second combustion chamber 150 is appropriately maintained and the resistance of the gas flow is reduced.

A gas product inlet / outlet 160 may be formed at one side of the second combustion chamber 150. That is, the gas product B burned in the second combustion chamber 150 can be transferred to the third combustion chamber 170, which will be described later, through the gas product entrance 160. At this time, a third air intake passage 161 may be formed above the gas product inlet /

On the other hand, the third combustion chamber 170 can re-burn the gaseous product B burned in the second combustion chamber 150. At this time, the third combustion chamber 170 may receive external air from the third air intake passage 161 to facilitate the re-burning of the gas product B.

In addition, a smoke outlet 171 may be formed on the upper side of the third combustion chamber 170. In addition, the third combustion chamber 170 may have a remnant outlet 172 formed on the lower side thereof. Therefore, the gasification product B in the third combustion chamber 170 is completely burned and discharged to the smoke outlet 171 to be converted into thermal energy, and the vaporization residue C generated due to the re-burning of the gas product B, And can be discharged to the discharge port 172.

Hereinafter, a combustion method using a combustible solid waste burning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for combusting combustible solid waste according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5, a method of combusting combustible solid waste according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of transporting S100, a step of injecting a catalyst S110, a first combustion step S200, a second combustion step S300, 3 combustion step S400.

In the transporting step (S100), the combustible solid waste (A) is supplied to the waste supply unit (200). When the combustible solid waste is supplied to the waste supply unit 200, the user controls the charge supply valve 220 to transport the combustible solid waste A in the gasification furnace 100. At this time, when the combustible solid waste A is a waste plastic, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide is charged into the gasification furnace 100 (step S110). This is because calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide serves as an adsorbent and a catalyst to absorb chloric acid generated when the waste plastics are burned.

On the other hand, the combustible solid waste A transported in the gasification furnace 100 is heated and dried at a high temperature in the first combustion chamber 110 (first combustion step S200). At this time, the combustible solid waste (A) in the first combustion chamber (110) is combusted by the external air introduced through the first air entryway (111). The combustible solid waste (A) heated and dried in the first combustion chamber (110) is transformed into the gas product (B) and the vaporization residue (C).

The vaporization residue C generated in the first combustion chamber 110 is water-sealed by the remover 140 disposed under the first combustion chamber 110. At this time, the water-sealed vaporization residue C is discharged to the outside of the vaporizing furnace 100 along the conveyor belt 141.

The gas product B generated in the first combustion chamber 110 is transferred to the second combustion chamber 150 through the combustion nozzle 121 installed in the induction plate 120. At this time, impurities of high particle in the gas product (B) are transferred to the remnant removing device (140) by the induction plate (120).

The gaseous product B transferred to the second combustion chamber 150 is discharged to the outside of the second air intake passage 151 by the action of the external air flowing into the second air intake passage 151 (Second combustion stage (S300)) at a combustion ratio of 0.60 to 0.80.

The gas product B burned in the second combustion chamber 150 passes through the gas product inlet / outlet 160 and is transferred to the third combustion chamber 170. The gas product B transferred to the third combustion chamber 170 is completely burned at a combustion ratio of 0.20 to 0.40 under the action of external air introduced into the third air entryway 161 (third combustion step S400).

The gas product B completely burned in the third combustion chamber 170 is transformed into thermal energy and the vaporization residue C generated in the combustion is discharged to the remnant discharge port 172 formed in the lower side of the third combustion chamber 170 .

As described above, the apparatus and method for burning solid waste according to an embodiment of the present invention are characterized in that the vaporization, combustion, and purification processes of the combustible solid waste A are integrated into one vaporization furnace 100, Can be scientific and simple to operate.

The temperature of the second combustion chamber 150 and the drying stage can be significantly increased by sufficiently utilizing the heat amount of the combustible solid waste A and conducting the combustion heat amount of the second combustion chamber 150 to the drying stage of the vaporization furnace 100 . Therefore, solid wastes having a large unit volume throughput and relatively low calorific value can be treated.

In addition, the flammable solid waste A is demineralized by the induction plate 120 and the third combustion chamber 1700, and the acid gas can be removed by introducing calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The present invention can be variously modified and changed by those skilled in the art, and it is also within the scope of the present invention.

10: Combustion device for combustible solid waste
100: Vaporization furnace 110: First combustion chamber
111: first air entryway 120: guide plate
121: combustion nozzle 130: grate
140: Remnant removing device 141: Conveyor belt
150: second combustion chamber 151: second air intake passage
160: gas product inlet / outlet 161: third air inlet
170: Third combustion chamber 171: Smoke exit
172: Remnant outlet port 200: Waste supply section
210: hopper 220: material charge valve
S100: Transporting step S110: Catalyst charging step
S200: first combustion step S300: second combustion step
S400: Third combustion stage A: Flammable solid waste
B: gas product C: vaporized residue

Claims (11)

A combustible solid waste combustion apparatus comprising a gasification furnace (100) for burning combustible solid waste (A) as fuel to generate thermal energy,
A hopper 21 having a receiving space in which the combustible solid waste A can be received and an inlet valve 28 for controlling the amount of the combustible solid waste A disposed below the hopper 21, A waste supply unit 200 having a waste water supply unit 220;
A plurality of holes are formed on the lower side and are disposed inside the vaporizing furnace 100. The combustible solid waste A is supplied from the waste supply unit 200 and heated and dried at a high temperature to produce a gas product B and a vaporized residue A first combustion chamber (110) generating a combustion gas (C);
A grate 130 rotatably disposed below the first combustion chamber 110;
A residue remover 140 disposed in the lower portion of the inside of the gasification furnace 100 to seal the vaporization residue C generated from the first combustion chamber 110;
A second combustion chamber 150 formed outside the first combustion chamber 110 to burn the gas product B among the substances processed in the first combustion chamber 110; And
A third combustion chamber 170 connected to the second combustion chamber 150 and the gas product outlet 160 for re-burning the gaseous product B burned in the second combustion chamber 150 to convert it into thermal energy; Combustible solid waste.

The method according to claim 1,
A plurality of induction plates (120) are sloped at an intermediate portion of the vaporization furnace (100), and the inclination angle is between 30 and 70 degrees with a horizontal plane.
The method of claim 2,
Wherein each of the induction plates (120) is spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and a combustion nozzle (121) is provided at an upper end of the induction plate (120).
The method according to claim 1,
A first air intake passage 111 for introducing outside air into the first combustion chamber 110 is formed at one side of the first combustion chamber 110,
And a second air inflow path (151) for introducing outside air into the second combustion chamber (110) is formed above the first air inflow path (111).
The method according to claim 1,
And the second air entryway (151) is installed above the combustion nozzle (121).
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the diameter ratio of the second combustion chamber (150) to the diameter of the first combustion chamber (110) is between 1.1 and 1.5.
The method according to claim 1,
The gas product inlet / outlet 160 is formed with a third air inlet passage 161 on the upper side,
And the third air intake passage (161) introduces outside air into the third combustion chamber (170).
A method of combusting combustible solid waste for combusting combustible solid waste with fuel to generate thermal energy,
A transporting step (S100) in which the combustible solid waste (A) is supplied to the waste supply part (200) and transported into the gasification furnace (100);
A first combustion step S200 for heating the combustible solid waste A transported in the transportation step S100 to a high temperature in the first combustion chamber 110 to generate a gas product B and a vaporization residue C );
A second combustion step (S300) of combusting the gaseous product generated in the first combustion step (S200) in the second combustion chamber (150); And
And a third combustion step (S400) of re-burning the gaseous product (B) burned in the second combustion step (S300) and converting it into thermal energy.
The method of claim 8,
Wherein the transporting step (S100) comprises a catalyst injection step (S110) in which at least one of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide is introduced.
The method of claim 8,
The first combustion step S200, the second combustion step S300 and the third combustion step S400 are performed by the first air inlets 111, the second air inlets 151 and the third air inlets 161, respectively, And combusting the combustible solid waste (A) is promoted by introducing outside air.
The method of claim 8,
Wherein the annual consumption of the second combustion stage is adjusted to be 0.60 to 0.80 and the annual consumption of the third combustion stage is adjusted to be 0.20 to 0.40.

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