KR20140117639A - Bulkhead for ship - Google Patents
Bulkhead for ship Download PDFInfo
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- KR20140117639A KR20140117639A KR1020147023937A KR20147023937A KR20140117639A KR 20140117639 A KR20140117639 A KR 20140117639A KR 1020147023937 A KR1020147023937 A KR 1020147023937A KR 20147023937 A KR20147023937 A KR 20147023937A KR 20140117639 A KR20140117639 A KR 20140117639A
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- ribs
- buckling
- partition wall
- face
- portions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/14—Hull parts
- B63B3/56—Bulkheads; Bulkhead reinforcements
- B63B3/60—Bulkheads; Bulkhead reinforcements with curved or corrugated plating
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a marine bulkhead capable of preventing the buckling of a bulkhead by suppressing the increase in the weight of the bulkhead as much as possible while securing a proof against the compression load in the vertical direction necessary for the bulkhead.
A plurality of face members extending in the vertical direction and formed in a plate shape along the width direction of the partition wall are alternately projected on the front face side and the rear face side of the partition wall There is provided a ship bulkhead provided with a rib at a buckling risk point A in a range of 95% or more and 100% or less from an upper end of a height in the vertical direction of each of the face material portions in the ship bulkhead.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE
For example, in a ship such as a bulk carrier that carries an ore or the like to be a raw material of iron or a non-ferrous metal, a dock is partitioned by a bulkhead formed of a metal plate, and a plurality of dock spaces are formed. As a partition wall for partitioning the hold, a plurality of face members extending in the vertical direction and formed in a flat plate shape along the width direction of the partition wall are alternately arranged on the front surface side and the rear surface side of the partition wall surface It is general that a partition wall having a protruded waveform is adopted.
However, when the ore or the like is transported, the ore space is filled with ore in the forward route toward the destination, while in the return route, the seawater is in a state of being loaded to adjust the hull of the ship It is normal. Therefore, a bending moment acts on the bulkhead partitioning the pail for a long time by a shipment such as ore or seawater. In particular, when loading seawater, it is common to intermittently load seawater on a plurality of docks in order to balance the weight of the hull. In such a case, the partition wall is in a state in which a substantially vertical compression load acts by the bending moment, so that there is a possibility that the partition wall buckles when an excessive compressive load acts on the partition wall by seawater or the like.
Therefore, in order to strengthen the buckling strength of the partition, it is necessary to increase the plate thickness of the metal plate itself forming the partition, or to increase the thickness of the metal plate itself, for example, as described in
In order to reduce the weight of the partition, for example, as described in
In addition, when a bending moment is applied to a partition wall defining a ship by a shipment such as ore or seawater, the bending moment acts largely with respect to the upward and downward directions, as compared with the central portion in the vertical direction of the partition. That is, the compressive load generated in the flange portion of the partition is not constant in the longitudinal direction.
An object of the present invention is to provide a marine bulkhead capable of preventing buckling of a bulkhead by suppressing the increase in the weight of the bulkhead as much as possible while securing a proof against the compression load in the vertical direction necessary for the bulkhead. Specifically, by adopting such a method as improving the buckling resistance against a range suitable for the proof strength of the bulkhead in accordance with the action distribution of the peculiar bending moment of the ship different from that of the column in the building field, etc., And improvement of the buckling strength at the same time.
In order to solve the above-described problems, according to the present invention, there is provided a partition wall made of a metal back plate for partitioning a ship's hold, comprising a plurality of face members extending in the vertical direction and formed in a plate shape along the width direction of the partition, Wherein the ribs are provided at at least a buckling risk point A in a range of 95% or more and 100% or less from an upper end of the height of each of the face materials in the vertical direction, / RTI >
In the ship bulkhead, ribs may also be provided at least at a buckling risk area B in a range of 90% or more and less than 95% from the top part and a buckling risk area C in a range of 0% or more and 10% or less from the top part.
In addition, ribs may be provided on the marine bulkhead at at least a buckling danger zone D in the range of 30% or more and 70% or less from the upper end.
Further, in the marine bulkhead, the rib may be provided only in the buckling danger region. The buckling danger zone here refers to at least one of the buckling risk areas A to D. [
Further, the ribs may be provided over the entire length in the vertical direction of each face material portion.
Further, in at least a part of the buckling risk regions, the load of the flange portion may be configured so as to be less than a maximum generated stress in the range of the buckling risk portion in a state where the rib is not provided.
Further, the ribs provided at the buckling hazardous portions A and B may have a tapered shape that widens toward the downward direction in the vertical direction.
The ribs provided on the buckling danger portion C may have a tapered shape that widens toward the upper side in the vertical direction.
The rib may be formed in a flat plate shape, and the plate surface of the rib may be fixed so as to be perpendicular to the plate surface of the face plate portion.
The protruding length of the rib from the plate surface of the face plate portion may be not less than 2 times and not more than 15 times the plate thickness of the face plate portion.
Further, the rib may be disposed on the side of the plate opposite to the projecting direction of the face material portion.
The plate thickness of the rib may be 6 mm or more and 24 mm or less.
The rib may be provided only within a range of 60% of the width centered on the widthwise center of the partition in the width direction of the partition.
According to the present invention, by providing the ribs extending in the vertical direction on the flange portions of the corrugated bulkhead formed of the metal thick plates, it is possible to improve the proof against the compressive load acting on the flange portions, As a result, it is possible to improve the proof stress against the compression load of the entire part of the partition, and to secure easily and stably the required proof stress as the partitions, so that the buckling of the partitions can be prevented.
In addition, it is possible to easily manufacture the barrier ribs and to prevent the increase in the weight of the barrier ribs, by providing a relatively simple structure as compared with the prior art in which ribs are provided on each face plate portion. Further, since the rigidity can be improved as the bulkhead of the ship, it is possible to reduce the plate thickness of the bulkhead within a range in which the rigidity required for the bulkhead can be ensured, which can contribute to weight reduction of the hull.
Further, by adopting such a method as improving the buckling strength against a suitable range in accordance with the proof strength of the buckle in accordance with the action distribution of the bending moment peculiar to the ship, it is possible to simultaneously realize weight saving and buckling strength improvement .
1 is a front view showing a part of a state in which a ship bulkhead according to a first embodiment of the present invention is fixed to a pier.
2 is a cross-sectional view of a marine bulkhead according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an explanatory view of the water pressure acting on the
5 is an explanatory diagram showing the distribution of the bending moment M generated in the
6 is a graph showing a distribution curve of the bending moments if the space height L 0 between the dock and the deck 5.0m, 13.0m the height L of the dock.
Fig. 7 is a front view showing a part of a state in which a ship bulkhead according to a second embodiment of the present invention is fixed to a hoop, in which (a) is a buckling danger portion A only, (b) ) Indicates a case where ribs are installed in the buckling risk areas A to D.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a part of a state in which a ship bulkhead according to a second embodiment of the present invention is fixed to a hoop, in which (a) is a buckling danger portion A only, (b) ) Indicates a case where ribs are installed in the buckling risk areas A to D.
Fig. 9 is an explanatory view showing a case where the rib is provided only at a specific portion of the flange portion. Fig. 9 (a) shows a buckling danger portion A only, To D are provided with ribs.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing a case where tapered ribs are provided at the buckling hazardous portions A to C, respectively.
Fig. 11 is a view of the finite element analysis relating to the widthwise distribution of the stress generated in an
Fig. 12 is a finite element analysis result concerning the widthwise distribution of the stress generated in an
Fig. 13 is a view of the analysis result of Fig. 11, in which the mesh lines of the finite element model are erased.
Fig. 14 is a view of the analysis result of Fig. 12, in which the mesh lines of the finite element model are erased.
15 is a cross-sectional view of a ship bulkhead in Reference Example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which an improvement is provided for welding to the ship bulkhead in Fig. 13;
17 is a cross-sectional view of a ship bulkhead in Reference Example 2 of the present invention.
18 is a graph showing the experimental results of the embodiment.
Fig. 19 is an explanatory view showing an example of dimensions of an analytical model in the embodiment; Fig. 19 (a) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the partition, and Fig. 19 is a front view of the partition.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same functional configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.
(First Embodiment)
1 to 3 illustrate a first embodiment of a ship bulkhead according to the present invention. In the
This
Further, in the present invention, the metal thick plate forming the partition wall has a thickness of 15 to 30 mm or 12 to 35 mm or 10 to 40 mm, and various metals such as a steel plate or a thick steel plate are used.
Each of the
Each of the
The front face side
Thereby, the
The
As described above, a bending moment acts on the partition wall for partitioning the pail by a shipment such as ore or seawater for a long period of time. Particularly, in the vertical direction of the partition wall, a state in which a compressive load caused by the bending moment acts Therefore, when an excessive compressive load is applied to the bulkhead by the shipment, the bulkhead may buckle.
As a result, each of the face members is reinforced by the ribs, and the proof stress of the face member against the compressive load in the vertical direction acting on the face member is improved. As a result, , Thereby preventing buckling of the bulkhead.
Specifically, the
In the present embodiment, the plate thickness of the
Here, the
In the present embodiment, the
In addition, among the
The
The
In addition, by making the comparatively simple structure that the plate-
Further, by increasing the proof strength as the partition wall of the ship by means of the
(Second Embodiment)
In the first embodiment, the case where the
The inventors of the present invention conducted a detailed analysis on the distribution of bending moments generated in the height direction of the flange portion of the partition wall when the seawater was filled with the seam, It is possible to realize both the weight reduction of the
4 is an explanatory view of the water pressure acting on the
w =? g? h (1)
Here, ρ is the specific gravity of sea water (= 1.025), and g is gravitational acceleration (= 9.81 m / s 2 ).
Then, the water pressure w as shown in Fig. 4 acts on all portions of the
5 is an explanatory diagram showing the distribution of the bending moment M generated in the
(Hereinafter, referred to as M (x)), the distribution curve of the bending moment M generated in the
M (x) = ρg / 60 {
1) of the first embodiment, the
As can be seen from the bending moment distribution curve M (x) shown in Fig. 5, different stresses are generated in the
More specifically, in the case where the proof stress of the
The range of the buckling hazard area A beyond the buckling hazard area A near the lower part of the
In the case where the proof stress of the
That is, in the
In the recent shipbuilding field, since the weight of the ship and the saving of the resource material are the most important tasks, the range in which the
Next, concrete ranges of the buckling risk portions A to D in a ship of generally used dimensions will be described. The height L 0 between the pontoons and the deck is 5.0 m and the height L of the pontoons is 13.0 m. By substituting these numerical values into the above equation (2), a distribution curve of the bending moment in the height direction generated in the
6 is a graph showing a bending moment distribution curve in the case where the height L 0 of the space between the porthole and the deck is 5.0 m and the height L of the porthole is 13.0 m. In FIG. 6, two distribution curves (solid lines and broken lines in the figure) as well as FIG. 5 show the case where one of the floats is filled with seawater and the other floats are empty.
According to the graph of FIG. 6, the
6, the
With respect to the
When the buckling risk area D is set to a range of 30% or more and 70% or less from the upper end of the
The
6, a range of about 22% (for example, 20 to 25%) from the upper end of the
As described above, in the case where the proof stress of the
Hereinafter, the case where the
According to the knowledge based on Figs. 4 to 6, according to the present embodiment, the
In the case where the
(Third Embodiment)
In the first embodiment, the plate surface shape of the
As shown in Fig. 6, the bending moments generated in the
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the plate surface shape of the
The inclination angles of the
Here, an example of a method of determining the tilt angle of a specific taper will be described. First, in each of the buckling risk areas A to C, the required rib height at a position where the bending moment to be generated becomes the maximum is calculated. On the other hand, in each of the buckling risk areas A to C, the rib height at the position where the generated bending moment is minimum (basically, the rib height is 0 mm) is calculated. In each of the buckling risk areas A to C, the rib height at the position where the calculated bending moment becomes the maximum and the rib height at the position where the bending moment is minimum are linearly compensated, The inclination angle of the tapered shape of the
10 shows a case in which
As described above, by making the plate surface shape of the
Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and that they are also within the technical scope of the present invention.
For example, in the first embodiment, it has been described that the protruding length (width) of the
It is preferable that the projecting length of the
In the above embodiment, the
Figs. 11 to 14 are explanatory views for analyzing the widthwise distribution of the stress generated in an
As shown in Fig. 11 to Fig. 14, the stress generated in the
From the analysis results shown in Figs. 11 to 14, stresses are generated in the width direction of the
In the first embodiment, the
(Reference Example 1)
Next, a modified form of the present invention will be described as Reference Example 1 with reference to the drawings.
In the first embodiment, the plate-shaped
That is, Fig. 15 shows a form of Reference Example 1 of the present invention. The
The
Each of the
The
The proximal end portions of the
On the other hand, the
Each of the
In this reference example, the plate surfaces opposed to the
15, the
The
The
However, the
The
In the reference example 1, the
However, the arrangement position of the ribs with respect to each face material portion may be formed either on the front surface side or the rear surface side of the partition wall in any of the front surface side material portion and the rear surface side surface material portion, By changing the protruding direction of the lip portion, it is possible to appropriately set the arrangement position of the ribs.
In the above embodiment, the
In the reference example 1, the
15, each of the
However, as shown in FIG. 16, for example, an improvement 13 (see FIG. 16) provided between the
15 and 16, the protruding length of the
(Reference Example 2)
The first flange portion 9 and the
In the reference example 2 described below, however, it is preferable that the ribs are provided on the first flange portion or the second flange portion of only one of the pair of adjacent shape members, and the rib portion of the flange portion alone .
That is, Fig. 17 shows a configuration of Reference Example 2 of a marine bulkhead of the present invention. The
The
The end portions of each of the
The
The
In this reference example 2, the proximal end portions of the
On the other hand, with regard to the
The
More specifically, in the front surface
At this time, each of the
As shown in Fig. 17, in the reference example 2, a
The ship bulkhead having the above-described configuration can basically have the same effects as those of the first embodiment described above. In this reference example 2, the
In the reference example 2, the position of the
In the reference example 2, the partition walls are formed by the substantially
In the example shown in Fig. 17, the
<Examples>
(Example 1)
In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, a ship bulkhead having the structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, that is, as shown in Figs. 1 to 3, A partition wall having a structure in which the partition wall is fixed at right angles to the plate surface of the face plate portion and a partition wall having no rib according to the present invention, Respectively.
Concretely, an experiment was conducted in which a vertical compressive load was applied to one face material portion forming the partition wall, the relationship between the load and the deformation amount in the vertical direction was examined, and the proof stress against the compressive load was compared .
(Hereinafter referred to as " present invention ") of the present invention and a face material portion of a conventional bulkhead (hereinafter referred to as " comparative example ") were all made of the same steel material having a height of 8000 mm, a width of 1050 mm, Mm was used.
Further, the rib in the present invention is a steel plate having a thickness of 14.5 mm and a projecting length (length in the short direction) of 100 mm.
In the test, the flange members according to the present invention and the comparative example were simply supported in four sides, and then a load was applied from the upper end side to the lower side of each flange member, so that a compression load in the vertical direction was applied to the flange member, And the amount of deformation in the vertical direction (axial direction of the face member) of the face member portion was measured.
The results are shown in Fig. In the graph of Fig. 18, the plotted points of the black dot represent the present invention and the plot points of the white dot represent the comparative example, respectively.
As a result, in the case of the comparative example, it was found that buckling did not occur up to about 4600 kN in the case of the present invention example, whereas the vicinity of the load exceeding about 2700 kN was the yield point.
Thus, it can be seen that the marine bulkhead having the structure according to the present invention has significantly higher strength against the compression load in the vertical direction as compared with the conventional one, The reinforcement effect was demonstrated.
(Example 2)
In the second embodiment, the validity of the rib installation in the partition of the present invention was confirmed, and the appropriate installation range of the rib was examined based on the analysis of the finite element method in consideration of the dimensions of the actual vessel. Table 1 shows the results of the review. The following description is based on Table 1.
Here, the height to the deck shown in Table 1 is L 0 + L shown in FIG. 4, and the height of the partition is L shown in FIG. The danger zones A, B, C, and D correspond to the buckling danger zones A, B, C, and D described in the second embodiment or the like, and others indicate zones other than the danger zones A to D. Specifically, the upper end of the partition wall is set to 0, the dangerous portion A is in the range of 95 to 100%, the dangerous portion B is in the range of 90 to 95%, the dangerous portion C is in the range of 0 to 10% 70%, and the others show a range of 10 to 30% and a range of 70 to 90%, and the presence or absence of the ribs in each range is shown in the table. In addition to the presence or absence of ribs for other ranges, the installation range for ribs is also described.
The presence or absence of buckling in the table indicates a case where the symbol ◯ indicates a case where buckling does not occur, and a case where a buckling has occurred. The analysis in this embodiment is based on a state in which seawater is filled in one of the seats with the partition wall therebetween and the other seats are empty.
Fig. 19 is an explanatory view showing an example of dimensions of a partition wall or the like used in the analysis in this embodiment, Fig. 19 (a) is a cross-sectional view enlarged a part of the partition wall, Fig. 19 to be. However, the dimensions of the analysis model shown in Fig. 19 (b) are merely examples, and each dimension is appropriately changed in accordance with the analysis conditions as shown in Table 1. [ Table 1 also shows the shape of the ribs (rib thickness, rectangular height, taper shape), the angle between the ribs and the face piece portion, and the arrangement direction of the ribs. In some cases, Thereby changing the angle of the face plate portion and the arrangement direction of the ribs.
The review cases 44 in Table 1 indicate basic conditions in which buckling does not occur in a state where ribs are not provided. The
As shown in Table 1,
In addition, the
In addition, the
The
In the
In the review cases 32 to 37, the height of the lower end of the rib and the height of the upper end of the rib are determined under the conditions shown in Table 1, and a tapered shape is given to a predetermined range of the installed ribs. These review cases 32 to 37 are conditions in which ribs are provided in all of the dangerous portions A to D, and a tapered shape is given to a part of the ribs provided there. Under these conditions, buckling does not occur on the bulkhead.
In the review cases 38 to 40, the angle &thetas; between the rib and the face plate portion is set to 70 deg. These review cases 38 to 40 are conditions in which the ribs are installed in all of the danger zones A to D. [ Under these conditions, buckling does not occur on the bulkhead. The angle? Between the rib and the flange portion is preferably 90 degrees as described in the above embodiment. However, for example, as shown in these cases 38 to 40, the angle? (For example, 70 DEG), it is possible to reduce the amount of protrusion of the ribs in the inner space of the hold, thereby improving the usability of the space.
The review cases 41 to 43 are cases in which the ribs are arranged in a direction opposite to the direction in which the face plate portion is projected, which is different from other cases. These review cases 41 to 43 are conditions in which ribs are installed in all of the hazardous areas A to D. [ Under these conditions, buckling does not occur on the bulkhead.
On the other hand, the review case 44 shows a condition in which no ribs are provided, and the present invention is not applied. In addition, the examination cases 45 and 46 have ribs provided only at the dangerous portions A to C, respectively. In the structures of the review cases 45 and 46, buckling occurs in the partition wall (occurrence of buckling: yes, the sign in the table).
As shown in Table 1, when the
That is, in the structures of
Likewise, when the
The comparison of the
As described above, when ribs are provided on the partition walls having various conditions shown in
Particularly, in the
≪ Industrial applicability >
The present invention can be applied to a bulkhead made of a metal plate separating a pail of a ship, and more particularly, to a method of manufacturing a bulkhead, comprising the steps of: applying a bending moment generated on a bulkhead by a load acting in the longitudinal direction of the bulkhead, The present invention can be applied to marine bulkheads having a high buckling strength against the generated compressive load.
1A, 1B, 1C:
2 (2-1, 2-2): Dock
3A, 3B, 3C: front face side face portion
4A, 4B, 4C: rear face side face portion
5A, 5B, 5C: ribs
7, 8, 13, 14: the second flange portion
9, 10, 15, 16: the first flange portion
7a to 10a, 13a, 16a:
11, 12, 17, 18:
Claims (13)
A marine partition wall having a corrugated shape having a plurality of face portions extending in the vertical direction and formed in a plate shape along the width direction of the partition wall alternately protruding on the front face side and the rear face side of the partition wall,
Wherein the ribs are provided at least at a buckling risk point A in a range of 95% or more and 100% or less from an upper end of the height of each face material portion in the vertical direction.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2013/055689 WO2014132444A1 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2013-03-01 | Ship bulkhead |
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KR20140117639A true KR20140117639A (en) | 2014-10-07 |
KR101492785B1 KR101492785B1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
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KR1020147023937A KR101492785B1 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2013-03-01 | Bulkhead for ship |
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JP (1) | JP5440743B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101492785B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104768843B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014132444A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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KR20160091013A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-08-02 | 에스티엑스조선해양 주식회사 | Bulkhead and ship with the same |
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KR101750802B1 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2017-06-26 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Offshore structure |
CN106275243B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-02-19 | 广船国际有限公司 | A kind of groove profile wall construction of ship oil tank |
CN107539423B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-06-21 | 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 | A kind of big spacing deck deck transverse and groove profile longitudinal bulkhead connection structure |
CN108438140B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2020-06-23 | 广船国际有限公司 | Variable cross-section trough-shaped wall assembly and ship comprising same |
CN114261480B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-03-14 | 广船国际有限公司 | Roll-on-roll-off ship ramp structure and roll-on-roll-off ship |
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JPS5123995U (en) * | 1974-08-12 | 1976-02-21 | ||
JPS6068893U (en) * | 1983-10-19 | 1985-05-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | hull structure |
JPS60164487U (en) * | 1984-04-11 | 1985-10-31 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Ship bulkhead structure |
JPS60261790A (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1985-12-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Lateral bulkhead of liquid cargo transporting ship |
JP3750715B2 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2006-03-01 | 日立造船株式会社 | Shear reinforcement structure of footing caisson |
JP2006257634A (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-28 | Ps Mitsubishi Construction Co Ltd | Corrugated-steel-plate web girder |
JP2008110739A (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-15 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Collision-resistant hull structure and method for improving collision resistance of vessel and hull |
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2013
- 2013-03-01 WO PCT/JP2013/055689 patent/WO2014132444A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-03-01 KR KR1020147023937A patent/KR101492785B1/en active IP Right Grant
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Cited By (1)
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KR20160091013A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-08-02 | 에스티엑스조선해양 주식회사 | Bulkhead and ship with the same |
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JPWO2014132444A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
CN104768843A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
JP5440743B1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
WO2014132444A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
KR101492785B1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
CN104768843B (en) | 2016-07-06 |
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