KR20140052117A - Artificial breeding of yellow spotless ladybugs - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for artificially breeding Illeis koebelei, which provides an optimized artificial breeding environment based on the ecological characteristics of the Illeis koebelei and supplies feed that enables excellent phased growth, thus leading to the artificial breeding of Illeis koebelei having superior viability and fecundity. In particular, the method of the present invention comprises the steps of: taking eggs from imagoes so as to obtain hatched larvae; raising the hatched larvae so as to obtain fully grown larvae; enabling the fully grown larvae to pupate so as to obtain pupae; enabling the pupae to eclose to obtain imagoes; and inducing natural copulation and spawning of the imagoes, thus enabling the artificial breeding of the Illeis koebelei.

Description

{Artificial breeding of yellow spotless Ladybugs}

The present invention relates to a method for artificial rearing of a yellow ladybug, and more specifically, to provide an artificial rearing environment optimized based on the ecological characteristics of native benthic wild yellow ladybug, The present invention relates to a method of artificial rearing of a yellow ladybug, which can realize artificial rearing of a yellow ladybug having excellent survival ability and spawning power as a result.

Recently, the diversity of vegetable cultivation methods has changed the pattern of pests.

In particular, since the country has a narrow land area and cultivates the same crop every year in the same area, and in a certain region, a large complex is formed by collective cultivation of one or two crops, so that the occurrence and damage of pests are increasing.

The pest damage is a limiting factor in crop production and farm income, with approximately 30-50% of income paid for pest control.

Since 1950, pesticides have been managed by effective and inexpensive organic synthetic pesticides. However, due to threats to human life and environment, pest resistance to pesticides, and high cost for new pesticide development, long-term and stable new pest management The introduction of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) became inevitable.

This combines the use of biological, cultivated, physical, and chemical control technologies to create an ecological pest control method that minimizes risks to economic, environmental and human factors.

So far, IPM has been carried out in advanced agricultural countries such as USA and Europe to reduce the environmental and food risks caused by pesticide use, to increase the income of farmers, to increase the sustainability of natural resources, and to pioneer new export market.

In this global trend, Korea is promoting the environment-friendly agricultural production through the improvement of laws and regulations at the government level, but it is still a rudimentary stage.

Powdery mildew, also known as whitepox (Powdery mildew), is one of the most common diseases among crops, trees and weeds.

When the disease is caught, the fungal hyphae are entangled, and the plant is grayish white, showing symptoms like flour spraying, and the diseased part is twisted into an unsightly shape, causing the leaves or stalks to wilt, and the quality of the fruit is lowered .

It occurs frequently in areas where the temperature difference between night and day is severe or where the air is not well ventilated. It spreads through the air in the form of conidia and becomes the infectious agent in the next year by wintering or falling in the form of hyphae.

The domestic registered medicines for the control of powdery mildew diseases are ganbendae. Nualidol (liquid), Leppol (water), Penbuconazole (Water) [Inda], Penonazole (Water) Nuclear succinic acid (liquid), Fenari (water), and Mankoji (water). Two or three kinds of medicines are alternately sprayed at intervals of 5 days and are controlled until the disease disappears.

However, the control using such a drug not only causes a very serious problem to the environment due to the residual drug, but also has a high risk for human being.

Therefore, in recent years, a new agricultural technology has been developed in order to utilize natural insects living on these pathogens for environmentally friendly control.

A typical example is a yellow ladybug that eats microorganisms.

In general, ladybugs are largely classified according to their feeding habits, such as leprosy-like insects, such as aphids, such as lepidoptera, and lepidoptera, such as large-spotted ladybugs, And can be divided into eating bacteria (eating bacteria).

The yellow ladybug, which is an indigenous insect living mainly in pathogens, has attracted many researchers because of its ecological value.

However, it is difficult to breed artificially indoors while acknowledging the possibility of biological control of plant diseases by using yellow ladybug, and it has not been effective in mass rearing due to the problem of homologous predation which can be eaten by the same species .

The object of the present invention is to provide an artificial breeding environment which is optimized based on the ecological characteristics of the native bacterium nematode yellow ladybug, To provide artificial rearing of a yellow ladybug which is capable of realizing artificial rearing of a yellow ladybug having superior survival ability and spawning power as a result.

In order to achieve the above object,

Yellow ladybug larvae, pupae and adults by feeding on powdery mildew pathogens and artificially breeding throughout the year.

Obtaining eggs from an adult to obtain eggs; Feeding the hatching larva to obtain a homeless larva; Obtaining a pupa by dissolving the domesticated larvae; Alienating the pupa to obtain an adult; And inducing natural mating and scattering of the adult.

In addition, in the step of obtaining eggs from the adult to obtain hatching larvae, the temperature of the breeding space in the terrestrial stage was maintained at 23 ° C to 27 ° C, and 16-hour long-day and 8-hour memorization were maintained .

In addition, the breeding image is intended to prevent the excretion of adults and hatching larvae in the breeding space and to form well ventilated, but one of the healthy plant seedlings, such as cucumber, Of the plant seedlings are provided at the same time.

In addition, by preparing the above-mentioned hatching larvae in advance, the leaf of the same plant infected with powdery mildew was attached to one of the plant seedlings of healthy cucumbers and gold stalks or washed with distilled water, and then the washing solution containing spores was kept at 5 캜 To 15 days for spraying and spraying to produce the powdery mildew used as food for hatching larvae.

In addition, the above-mentioned powdery mildew is characterized by being parasitic only in living organisms, and therefore, a live plant is required, and it is characterized in that it must contain a microorganism belonging to the genus Levillula, Sphaerotheca, Phillactinia and Microsphaera.

Phytophthora spp, parasitic Fusarisum spp, and Phytophthora spp parasitic microorganisms, which can survive for 7 to 10 days, are required to be present in the absence of powdery pathogenic microorganisms. do.

In addition, in the step of obtaining the pupa by solubilizing the domesticated larva and inducing the natural mating and spawning of the adult, the pupa and the eggs which have been scattered are collected separately within 24 to 48 hours, and are raised on each independent land, And then inoculated alternately with the adults raised in different breeding stocks.

In addition, in the step of inducing natural mating and spawning of the adult, only the plant having a lot of scattered oysters is taken out and transferred to the land without adult, or the plant leaf having a lot of scattered oysters is partially cut out, Is kept in a well-ventilated container that maintains 80 to 90%.

The present invention was conducted to investigate the ecological characteristics of an indigenous bacterium and yellow ladybug, to provide an optimized artificial breeding environment and to provide a natural food that enables excellent development in stages, resulting in a yellow mushroom having superior viability and spawning power It is possible to realize artificial rearing of insects.

In particular, it is possible to supply the yellow ladybug, which is a well-known natural predator of the powdery mildew disease, to the buyer of the farm after the mass rearing, and thus it is possible to smoothly carry out the pest control work through the natural insect.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.

In addition, the terms described below are defined in consideration of the functions of the present invention, which may vary depending on the user, the intention or custom of the operator, and the like.

Therefore, the definition should be based on the contents throughout this specification.

As shown in the figure, the method of artificial rearing of a yellow ladybug according to the present invention comprises: hatching larvae from adults; Feeding the hatching larva to obtain a homeless larva; Obtaining a pupa by dissolving the domesticated larvae; Alienating the pupa to obtain an adult; And inducing natural mating and scattering of the adult.

Here, in the step of obtaining eggs from the adult to obtain hatching larvae, the space temperature in the sea floor is maintained at 23 to 27 ° C, and long-day conditions of 16 hours of long-term storage and 8 hours of storage are maintained .

In addition, the rearing prize is to prevent any exodus from adult and hatching larvae, to form well ventilated, and to have one healthy plant seedlings, such as cucumbers and cedar trees, that are prone to powdery mildew, At the same time.

In the process of preparing the above-mentioned hatching larvae, the leaf of the same plant infected with powdery mildew was attached to one of the plant seedlings of healthy cucumbers and gold stalks or washed with distilled water, and then the washing solution containing spores was kept at 5 캜 And stored for 15 days or less to produce and feed powdery mildew used as food for hatching larvae.

In addition, the powdery mildew should include a pathogenic microorganism belonging to the genus Levillula, Sphaerotheca, Phillactinia, and Microsphaera, which is parasitic only in living organisms.

Phytophthora spp., Fusarisum spp., And Phytophthora spp., Which are parasitic on soybean, should be included in the spatula film which can sustain life for 7 ~ 10 days without this powdery pathogenic microorganism.

In the step of obtaining the pupa by solubilizing the domesticated larva and inducing the natural mating and spawning of the adults, the pupa and the eggs which have been scattered are separately collected within 24 to 48 hours, and are raised on each independent land, And then inoculated with the adults raised in each other breeding.

In the step of inducing natural mating and spawning of the adult, only the plants with a lot of scattered eggs are taken out and transferred to the land without adult, or the leaves of the plant having a lot of scattered eggs are partially cut out, Should be kept in a well-ventilated container holding 80 to 90%.

The following tests were conducted to obtain each step necessary for artificial rearing of the yellow ladybug as described above.

Test 1.

<Survey on ecological characteristics of bacteriostatic yellow ladybug>

end. Morphological characteristics of yellow ladybug

(1) Survey on the size of the larvae of the yellow ladybug larvae

Size (mm ± SD) 1st generation Second generation Third generation Fourth Head capsule width 0.23 ± 0.0052 0.42 + 0.028 0.54 + 0.012 0.72 + 0.017 Body length 1.38 + - 0.439 2.89 ± 0.537 3.96 + 0.498 5.31 ± 0.568

[Egg] [larvae (third order)] [pupa] [adults]

(2) Comparison of mouthwashes of Ladybird and aphid predatory species

○ Mandible: 400 ×

     [Yellow ladybug adult] [Little bird ladybug adult]

       [Yellow ladybug larva] [Little bird ladybird larva]

○ Small jaw (maxilla): 400 ×

       [Yellow ladybug adult] [Little bird ladybug adult]

I. Yellow ladybug occurrence ecology

[Yellow ladybug feeding on powdery mildew (pumpkin, weighted tree)]

(1) Degree of occurrence of mildew disease and yellow ladybug in Korea (2010 ~ 1011)

Powdery mildew Plant species The incidence of powdery mildew Degree of ladybug occurrence Remarks Leveillula Capsicum annuum L. (pepper) + ± Mars Sphaerotheca Lactuca I have indica . laciniata for.
indivisa Hara
Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber)
Cucurbita moschata Duch (pumpkin)

Coreopsis lanceolata L. (large gold circle) +

++
+

++ ± Mars

± Mars

± Mars, copper

± Mars
Phyllactinia Pyrus There is ussuriensis . macrostipes
(Nakai) T. Lee (pear tree)
Diospyros kaki Thunb (persimmon)

Ailanthus altissima Swingle ++

+

+ ++

+

+ Mars

Hwaseong, Cheongju
Yangpyeong Microsphaera Juglans sinensis Dode (walnut tree) + + Yangpyeong 4 Nine species

±: rare; +: common; ++: abundant.

(2) Generation of yellow ladybug (2010 ~ 2011)

I. Developmental Characteristics of Yellow Ladybug by Temperature

Temperature
(° C)
Development period (days) and survival rate (Mean SD) 1st generation Second generation Third generation Fourth Larval period
(1 to 4 years old) Survival rate
(%) 15 4.3 ± 1.6 6.1 ± 2.1 6.2 ± 3.3 8.3 ± 1.3 24.9 ± 8.3 13.3 20 2.7 ± 0.9 2.6 ± 1.2 4.1 ± 1.7 6.1 ± 1.4 15.5 ± 5.2 53.3 25 1.2 ± 0.4 2.3 ± 0.7 2.3 ± 1.3 4.6 ± 1.4 10.4 ± 3.8 70.0 28 2.0 ± 0.0 1.3 ± 0.5 1.8 ± 0.4 2.8 ± 1.4 7.9 ± 2.3 43.3 30 1.3 ± 0.5 2.0 ± 0.4 1.7 ± 0.7 2.6 ± 1.2 7.7 ± 2.1 33.3

Light condition 16L: 8D, open appendix;

All. Selection of yellow ladybug countermeasures

                        [Alternative food selection]

○ Preference for feeding yellow ladybug by type of short-term substitute food

No
Strain name Host plant
feeding spawning life span
larva eelworm U radish One Phytophthora spp. Spartan Film + ++ ○ 7 days 2 Fusarisum spp. Perilla ++ + ○ 8 days 3 Phytophthora spp. bean ++ + ○ 10 days

Test 2.

<Effect of controlling yellow powdery mildew of yellow ladybug>

A. Yellow-bearded livers per day

(Mm ² / day ± SD) (%) 1st generation Second generation Third generation Fourth imago 45.6 ± 20.1
(10) 144.4 ± 97.8
(79) 372.2 + - 226.9
(79) 628.1 + - 340.0
(133) 473.7 ± 257.9
(100)

25 ℃, 16L: 8D, 1 per repetition, 30 eggs per recipient.

B. Effect of yellow ladybug on cucumber powdery mildew

(1) Yellow ladybug proper seeding density setting: When lesion area ratio is less than 2.5%

[Control effect according to the number of elapsed days by vaccination density]

Number of inoculation: 4 times (early onset, 7, 12, 18 days after first inoculation)

(2) Control effect of cucumber powdery mildew disease control according to control method: When lesion area ratio is less than 2.5%

[Changes in the incidence of cucumber powdery mildew due to the number of days after treatment]

         Number of treatments: 4 times (early onset, 7, 12, 18 days after first inoculation)

[Effect of control of cucumber powdery mildew disease on the elapsed days after treatment]

       Number of treatment: 4 times (early onset, 7, 12, 18 days after first inoculation)

(2) Effect of mixed treatment on control of cucumber powdery mildew

○ Mixed treatment: Yellow ladybug + microbial pesticide (Cupert)

[Occurrence rate of cucumber powdery mildew and control effect according to the elapsed days after treatment]

            Number of treatments: 4 times (Yellow ladybug 3, Cupid 1)

Test 3.

<Selection of safe farming materials for yellow ladybug>

A. Sensitivity to organic synthetic insecticides of yellow ladybird larvae (3 rd) and adults

NO.
Insecticides (A.I.)
Form.
Mortality (%) (± SD) Larvae Adult One Dinotefuran (10%) WP 66.7 ± 11.5 33.3 ± 17.6 2 Spinetoram (5%) SC 50.0 ± 30.0 26.7 ± 5.8 3 Spiromesifen (20c) SC 13.3 ± 5.8 16.7 ± 11.5 4 Acetamiprid (8%) WP 100 93.3 ± 11.5 5 Emamectin benzoate (2.15%) EC 93.3 ± 5.8 73.3 ± 27.5 6 Clothianidin (8%) SC 100 70.0 ± 36.1 7 Thiamethoxam (10%) WG 80.0 ± 17.3 8.3 ± 2.9 8 Pyridaben (20%) WP 76.7 ± 5.8 100 9 Pyriproxyfen (10%) EC 16.7 ± 11.5 11.7 ± 2.9 10 Acetamiprid + Etofenprox (2.5 + 8%) WP 100 100 11 Acetamiprid + Indoxacarb (4 + 5%) WP 100 100 12 Deltamethrin (1%) EC 100 91.7 ± 7.6 13 Gamma-cyhalothrin (1.4%) CS 100 90.0 + - 10.0 14 Novaluron (10%) SC 50.0 ± 30.0 8.3 ± 2.9 15 Bistrifluron (10%) EC 63.3 ± 15.3 0 16 Bifenthrin + Imidacloprid (2 + 8%) WP 100 100 17 Control 10.0 + - 9.6 3.3 ± 5.0

      I. Sensitivity to insecticidal organic materials of yellow ladybug larvae (3rd instar) and adults

NO.
Organic Materials
(Commercialname) Compound (AI.)
Mortality (%) (± SD) Larvae Adult One Toggagi power Plant Extract 60.0 ± 8.2 66.7 ± 17.3 2 Jinsami Plant Extract 83.3 ± 5.8 56.7 ± 17.3 3 Nobug Plant Extract 100 23.3 ± 14.1 4 Eungsami Plant Extract + Microorganism 100 100 5 Onsami Plant Extract 76.7 ± 5.0 76.7 ± 14.1 6 Barojin alpha Plant Extract + Microorganism 16.7 ± 5.0 6.7 ± 10.0 7 Dyna Plant Extract 76.7 + - 10.0 70.0 ± 23.8 8 Barogaru alpha Plant Extract + Bacillus subtilis 6.7 ± 5.8 23.3 ± 18.9 9 Barotok alpha Plant Extract + Bacillus subtilis 86.7 ± 5.0 33.3 ± 18.9 10 Eungaetan alpha Plant Extract + Bacillus
subtilis 100 46.7 ± 5.0 11 Suncho Plant Extract 100 100 12 Jinap Plant Extract 66.7 ± 5.0 50.0 ± 22.2 13 Bijin alpha Plant Extract 100 0 14 Daeyou eungjinssak Natural Seed Extract 83.3 ± 12.6 93.3 + - 10.0 15 Solbitchae Microorganism 10.0 ± 8.2 6.7 ± 5.0 16 Daeyou my plazman Neem Extract 56.7 ± 5.8 66.7 ± 23.6 17 Neem seed oil Neem Extract 70.0 ± 8.2 13.3 ± 5.8 18 Ddook plus Plant Extract + Microorganism 73.3 ± 14.1 36.7 ± 5.8 19 Bt one Bacillus thuringiensis 16.7 ± 5.0 0 20 Daeyou ecocide Bacillus t. serovar 13.3 ± 5.0 6.7 ± 5.8 21 Top seed Bacillus Psenibacillus polymyxa AC-1 0 0 22 Q pact Ampelomyces quisquuslis 94013 0 0 23 Control 10.0 + - 9.6 3.3 ± 5.0

25 ℃, 16L: 8D, 10 repeats per repeating 3 times.

The ecological characteristics of the yellow ladybird, an indigenous natural bacterium ladybug, obtained by performing the above test procedure, and the results of the test for the control effect of the disease were summarized as follows.

end. Nine species of powdery mildew were investigated as a host plant of mildew fungus feeding on yellow ladybug. The highest rate of occurrence of yellow ladybug was pear powdery mildew.

I. Gyeonggi area (Hwaseong city) Yellow ladybug adults were observed from the beginning of July to the beginning of November.

All. Two of the 32 fungal strains were good for feeding and spawning activity as a substitute for yellow ladybug.

la. In case of less than 2.5% of cucumber powdery mildew, the third larvae of yellow ladybirds were injected four times at 5-day intervals with 3 animals per week, and the control effect was higher than 80% after 7 days of application and the control effect tended to decrease with time It looked.

hemp. In the case of less than 2.5% of cucumber powdery mildew, when mixed with the third instar larva and microbial pesticide of yellow ladybug, the control effect was over 95% after 13 days of treatment.

bar. We selected spiromesifen and pyriproxyfen as organically synthesized pesticides, and sulphate, saponaceous, top seed, and cupectic as organic materials in insects and adults of yellow ladybirds.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents. Of course, such modifications are within the scope of the claims.

Claims (11)

A method for artificial rearing of yellow ladybirds characterized by feeding yellow mildew larvae, pupae and adults with powdery mildew pathogens and feeding them artificially throughout the year. Artificial rearing, which is provided as food for plant seedlings with mildew disease, is a step of obtaining hatching larvae by collecting eggs from adults; Feeding the hatching larva to obtain a homeless larva; Obtaining a pupa by dissolving the domesticated larvae; Alienating the pupa to obtain an adult; And inducing natural mating and scattering of the adult. &Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; 8. &lt; / RTI &gt; [3] The method of claim 2, wherein the breeding image used for the stepwise breeding is one or more of a healthy one which is resistant to excretion of adult and hatching larvae in a breeding space and is well ventilated, A method for artificial rearing of a yellow ladybug characterized by simultaneously providing a plant seedlings and a plant seedlings which have already been produced with plant seedlings and powdery mildew. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step of obtaining eggs from the adult to obtain the hatching larvae, the temperature of the breeding space in the ground is kept at 23 to 27 ° C, The method of artificial breeding of a yellow ladybug characterized by keeping the long-day condition of memorizing the time. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising the steps of: preparing leaves of the same plant infested with powdery mildew in plant seedlings of healthy cucumbers and / Wherein the washing liquid containing the spores is stored and sprayed in a space of 5 ° C within 15 days to produce a powdery mildew used as food for the hatching larva. The method of any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the powdery mildew includes oyster fungi belonging to the genus Levillula, Sphaerotheca, Phillactinia, and Microsphaera which are parasitic only in living organisms. Artificial breeding methods of insects. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein Phytophthora spp is parasitic on a spatrier film capable of maintaining a life of about 7 to 10 days in the absence of a powdery mildew microorganism, Fusarisum spp parasitic on perilla, A method for artificial breeding of yellow ladybird characterized by the inclusion of parasitic microorganisms of Phytophthora spp. The method according to claim 5, wherein Phytophthora spp., Fusarisum spp., And Phytophthora spp., Which are parasitic on soybean, are contained in the spray film which can sustain life for 7 to 10 days in the absence of the powdery mildew microorganism A method of artificial breeding of a yellow ladybug. [Claim 6] The method according to claim 6, wherein Phytophthora spp., Fusarisum spp., And Phytophthora spp., Which are parasitic on soybean, are contained in Spfilm which can sustain life for about 7 to 10 days in the absence of a powdery mildew microorganism A method of artificial breeding of a yellow ladybug. The method according to claim 2, 3, or 4, wherein the step of obtaining the pupa by lyophilizing the domesticated larva and the step of inducing natural mating and scattering of the adult are separately collecting the pupa and the scattered eggs within 24 to 48 hours, A method for artificial breeding of a yellow ladybug characterized by breeding on land, alternating with adults from different breeds after breeding from the pupa, and breeding alternately. [2] The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step of inducing natural mating and spawning of the adult, only the plant having a lot of scattered oysters is taken out and transferred to a land without adult, or a plant leaf A method of artificial breeding of a yellow ladybug characterized by partial closure and storage in a well-ventilated container with a humidity of 80-90%.