KR20140049989A - 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법 - Google Patents

열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법 Download PDF

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KR20140049989A
KR20140049989A KR20137034256A KR20137034256A KR20140049989A KR 20140049989 A KR20140049989 A KR 20140049989A KR 20137034256 A KR20137034256 A KR 20137034256A KR 20137034256 A KR20137034256 A KR 20137034256A KR 20140049989 A KR20140049989 A KR 20140049989A
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polymer
thermoplastic
thermoplastic polymer
implant
component
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KR20137034256A
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KR101983613B1 (ko
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투렌 미카엘 요하네스 레오나르두스 반
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포커 에어로스트럭쳐스 비.브이.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3484—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3488—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic being an electrically conductive polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/76—Making non-permanent or releasable joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/003—Protecting areas of the parts to be joined from overheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342—Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/348—Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115—Melting point
    • B29C66/73116—Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
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    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91935—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined lower than said fusion temperature
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    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도를 초과하는 용융 온도를 가지는 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 방법은 접합될 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 적어도 일부에 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 포함하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 제공하는 단계, 접합될 적어도 일부와 접촉되도록 열가소성 폴리머를 위치시키는 단계, 열가소성 폴리머의 용융 온도로 조립체를 가열함으로써, 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머가 용융하여 열가소성 폴리머와 융합하는 단계, 및 조립체를 냉각시키는 단계를 포함한다. 열가소성 폴리머는 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도를 초과하는 용융 온도를 갖고, 임플란트는 접합 단계 중에 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트와 임플란트의 계면에서 열경화성 폴리머의 최대 작업 온도를 초과하는 가열이 방지되도록 설계된다.

Description

열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법{METHOD FOR BONDING A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER TO A THERMOSETTING POLYMER COMPONENT}
본 발명은 열가소성 폴리머를 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 접착하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 또한 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 다른 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 접착하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 접착될 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 적어도 일부에서 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 포함하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 접착 가능한 표면을 형성하는 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 갖는 미경화된 또는 부분적으로 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 더욱 열가소성 표면을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 거기에 용접될 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 조립체에 관한 것이다.
올리고머를 포함하는 열가소성 (섬유 강화) 폴리머는 리사이클링을 위한 가능성을 제공하므로 건설 재료로서 점점 더 사용된다. 열가소성 폴리머는 가열되어 연화(비정질 열가소성 플라스틱)되거나, 궁극적으로 용융(반결정질(semi-crystalline) 열가소성 플라스틱)될 수 있고, 다음에 냉각되어 고체 상태로 복귀될 수 있다. 이와 같은 온도에 의해 유도되는 물리적 변화는 일반적으로 가역적이고, 이것에 의해 열가소성 폴리머는 리사이클링될 수 있다. 고체 비정질 열가소성 플라스틱에서, 폴리머 분자 사슬은 램덤 형상으로 배치되고, 반면 고체 반결정질 열가소성 플라스틱에서 그 일부는 규칙적 형상으로 배치되는 폴리머 분자 사슬을 포함한다: 결정질 영역. 본 발명은 '용융' 또는 '용융한다’라는 용어가 사용되는 경우에도 열가소성 폴리머의 하나의 유형에 제한되지 않는다. 열가소성 폴리머는 유리 전이 온도(Tg)를 나타내고, 이 온도를 초과하여 더욱 가열하면 점진적 연화가 발생한다. 유리 전이 온도보다 실질적으로 더 높은 온도에서, 비정질 열가소성 플라스틱은 고점성 액체와 같이 거동하고, 반면에 반결정질 폴리머는 이 온도 영역에서 여전히 고체이다. 반결정질 열가소성 플라스틱은 용융 온도(Tm)를 나타내고, 이 온도 위에서 재료는 용융하여 액체로서 거동한다. 온도가 더욱 증가하는 경우, 점도는 신속하게 하락한다.
열경화성 폴리머는 전형적으로 비스말레이미드(bismaleimide), 불포화 폴리에스테르 및 비닐에스테르 폴리머와 같은 수지를 포함하는 가교 폴리머이다. 열경화성 폴리머는 전형적으로 경화 전에 수지(모노머) 및 경화제를 포함하고, 이들은 함께 반응하여 가교 폴리머를 생성한다. 경화는 실온 또는 더 높은 온도에서 발생하도록 설계될 수 있고, 이 온도는 전형적으로 80 내지 200 °C의 범위이다. 경화 중에, 모노머와 경화제가 반응하고, 이 혼합물의 점도는 이 혼합물이 가교 고체 폴리머가 될 때까지 증가하고, 이 상태는 열경화성 폴리머가 열경화성 폴리머의 분해 온도를 초과하는 온도에서 분해되지 않는 한 온도 변화에 의해 비가역적이다. 경화 후에, 열경화성 폴리머는 또한 유리 전이 온도를 나타내고, 이 온도를 초과하는 온도에서 열경화성 폴리머의 상당한 연화가 발생하고, 열경화성 폴리머는 고무처럼 거동한다.
폴리머 복합 재료는 매트릭스 폴리머 내에 매립되는 섬유 또는 입자상 강화재를 포함하고, 이 강화제는 열경화성 또는 열가소성일 수 있다. 주지의 폴리머 복합재는 유리 섬유 강화 폴리에스테르 수지 및 탄소 섬유 강화 에폭시를 포함한다. 이들 복합재의 양자 모두는 매트릭스로서 열경화성 폴리머를 사용하므로 종종 열경화성 복합재라고 불린다.
열경화성 (복합재) 폴리머의 하나의 중요한 결점은 열경화성 폴리머는 용융될 수 없고, 또 온도의 상승 및 하강에 의해 재응고될 수 없기 때문에 일반적으로 용접될 없다는 것이다. 열경화성 (복합재) 폴리머는 전형적으로 접착제 접합 또는 볼트 접합에 의해 다른 컴포넌트에 부착되고, 이들 양자는 결점을 갖는다. 접착제 접합은 비용이 많이 들고, 때때로 환경에 유해하고, 달성된 접합의 품질은 일반적으로 프로세스 파라미터의 변화에 민감하다. 다른 한편 볼트 접합은 접합될 컴포넌트 내에 응력 집중 및 조기 파괴를 일으킬 가능성이 있는 구멍을 형성한다.
열경화성 폴리머 또는 열경화성 폴리머 복합재를 용접에 의해 다른 열경화성 폴리머 또는 열경화성 폴리머 복합재 또는 열가소성 폴리머 (복합재)에 접합하는 가능성을 갖는 더 광범위한 열경화성 폴리머 또는 열경화성 폴리머 복합재를 제공하는 것이 바람직하다.
본 발명은 열적으로 접착 가능한 표면을 제공하는 열가소성 임플란트를 구비하는 열경화성 폴리머 (복합재)를 제공함으로써 열경화성 폴리머 (복합재) 컴포넌트를 다른 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 접합하기 위한 방법을 제공한다.
더욱, 본 발명은 접착될 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 적어도 일부에서 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 포함하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 접착 가능한 표면을 형성하는 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 갖는 미경화된 또는 부분적으로 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 제공한다.
또한, 본 발명은 열가소성 표면을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 열가소성 폴리머의 조립체에 관한 것이다.
더욱, 본 발명은 열적으로 접착 가능한 표면을 형성하는 열가소성 폴리머 (컴포넌트)의 임플란트를 가지는 미경화된 또는 부분적으로 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트, 및 열가소성 표면을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 거기에 용접될 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 조립체를 제공한다.
제 1 양태에서, 본 발명은 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도를 초과하는 용융 온도를 갖는 열가소성 폴리머 (컴포넌트)를 접합하기 위한 방법을 제공하고, 본 방법은 a) 열가소성 폴리머를 제공하는 단계, b) 열가소성 폴리머의 용융 온도 미만의 경화 온도를 가지고 또 접합될 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 적어도 일부에 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 포함하는 미경화된 또는 부분적으로 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 제공하는 단계, c) 적어도 접합될 부분과 접촉하도록 열가소성 폴리머를 위치시키는 단계, d) 열가소성 폴리머의 용융 온도로 열가소성 폴리머 및 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 가열하고, 이것에 의해 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머가 용융하여 열가소성 폴리머와 융합하고, 또 이것에 의해 미경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머는 적어도 부분적으로 상호 침투하는 단계; 및 e) 열가소성 폴리머가 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 접합되도록, 열가소성 폴리머와 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 조립체를 냉각하는 단계를 포함하고, 열가소성 폴리머는 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도를 초과하는 용융 온도를 갖고, 임플란트는 접합 단계 d) 중에 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트와 임플란트의 계면에서 열경화성 폴리머의 최대 작업 온도를 초과하는 가열이 방지되도록 설계된다.
폴리머 (복합재)의 최대 작업 온도는 본 기술분야의 당업자에게 주지되어 있고, 전형적으로 공급자에 의해 제공된다.
본 발명에 따른 방법에서, 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트는 열경화성 폴리머 (복합재) 컴포넌트를 위한 히트 싱크(heat sink)로서 작용하고, 이것에 의해 열은 접합될 열가소성 폴리머를 용융시키도록 가해지고, 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머는 실질적으로 용접될 계면에 위치되고, 반면에 이 열은 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머의 용융에 의해 흡수된다. 본 발명에 따르면, 용접에 의한 열적 접합 중에 열가소성 임플란트 내에 가열이 분해 온도를 초과하는 경우에도 열경화성 폴리머 (복합재) 컴포넌트와 임플란트의 계면에서의 온도가 열경화성 폴리머를 실질적으로 분해하지 않도록 온도 구배가 유지된다. 이것은 열경화성 폴리머 (복합재)와 임플란트 사이의 계면에서 과도한 가열을 방지하고, 그러므로 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도를 초과하는 용융 온도를 갖는 열가소성 폴리머를 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 용접에 의해 접합시킬 수 있는 가능성을 제공한다.
전술한 이점은 비교적 높은 사용 온도로 인해 비교적 높은 용융 온도를 갖는 열가소성 폴리머의 사용이 요구되는 특히 항공우주 및 항공기 분야를 위해 유용하다.
본 발명의 실시형태에서, 단계 d) 중에 단위 길이 당 임플란트의 열용량(J/°K/m)이 단위 길이 당 조립체에 가해지는 열보다 큰 방법이 제공된다. 다시 말하면, 임플란트의 위치와 횡단면 치수 및 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머는 위의 요건이 부합되도록 선택된다. 단계 d) 중에 단위 길이 당 조립체에 가해지는 열, 특히 단위 길이 당 용접 열은 또한 재료 특이적이고, 사용되는 용접 방법, 용접될 재료의 비열용량, 그 전도성 및 국부적 가열 또는 용접 후에 우수하게 강화된 재료를 얻기 위해 용융 상태를 유지하기 위해 요구되는 시간과 같은 다수의 요인에 의존한다. 단위 길이 당 용접 열은 본 기술분야의 당업자에 의해 실험적으로 쉽게 결정될 수 있다.
본 발명의 다른 실시형태에서, 히트 싱크가 임플란트의 일부에, 더 바람직하게는 임플란트의 외부에, 가장 바람직하게는 임플란트의 외부 에지에 적용되는 방법이 제공된다. 적절한 히트 싱크는 전형적으로 히트 싱크 재료로서 사용되는 특히 비교적 높은 비열용량을 가지는 재료의 블록, 스트립, 바 등을 포함한다. 적절한 재료는 금속을 포함한다. 임플란트와 히트 싱크의 계면에는, 예를 들면, 열 흡수 페이스트(paste)가 더 제공될 수 있다. 히트 싱크는 접합 후에 제거된다.
열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 임플란트는 바람직하게 강화 섬유를 포함한다. 본 발명의 또 다른 실시형태에서, 임플란트가 열경화성 폴리머 내로 연장하는 강화 섬유를 포함하는 방법이 제공된다. 이와 같은 실시형태로 인해 용접 열 및/또는 시간이 감소될 수 있고, 이것에 의해 접합 중에 열가소성 및/또는 열경화성 폴리머의 분해가 방지될 수 있고, 여전히 만족스러운 접합 강도를 얻을 수 있다.
본 발명이 다른 양태에서, 다른 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 접합하기 위한 방법에 제공되고, 본 방법에서 열가소성 폴리머는 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 포함하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 형태로 제공된다.
본 발명의 또 다른 양태에서, 접합될 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 적어도 일부에 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 포함하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트가 제공된다.
본 발명의 제 1 양태의 바람직한 실시형태에서, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트와 임플란트의 계면에서 과도한 가열이 방지되도록 임플란트가 설계되는 방법이 제공된다.
본 발명의 다른 바람직한 실시형태에서, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트가 섬유 강화 열경화성 폴리머 복합재 컴포넌트를 포함하는 방법이 제공된다.
본 발명에 따른 방법의 또 다른 바람직한 실시형태는 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트는 적층된 예비 함침된 열경화성 폴리머 복합재 테이프와 이 적층된 예비 함침된 열가소성 폴리머 복합재 테이프를 포함하는 임플란트의 조립체인 것을 특징으로 한다.
본 발명에 따른 방법의 추가의 실시형태는 접합될 열가소성 폴리머가 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트 또는 호환 가능한 열가소성 폴리머 표면을 구비하는 컴포넌트인 방법에 관한 것이다.
본 발명에 따른 방법의 다른 바람직한 실시형태는, 적어도 200 °C의 용융 온도를 가지는 엔지니어링 열가소성 폴리머의 등급으로부터 선택되는, 접합될 열가소성 폴리머 및/또는 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머를 이용한다. 더 바람직한 방법에서, 접합될 열가소성 폴리머 및/또는 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머는 폴리에테르이미드(PEI), 폴리에테르에테르케톤(PEEK), 폴리페닐린 설파이드(PPS), 폴리에테르케톤(PEK), 폴리에테르케톤케톤(PEKK) 및 이것의 조합 또는 이것의 등가물로부터 선택된다.
본 발명에 따른 방법의 다른 실시형태는 접합될 열가소성 폴리머 또는 상기 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머는 국부적 가열을 위한 전기 전도성 입자를 포함한다.
본 발명에 따른 방법의 실시형태에서, 열경화성 폴리머는 에폭시 및/또는 비스말레이미드 수지/경화제 혼합물을 포함한다.
접착 가능한 표면을 형성하는 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 가지는 미경화된 또는 부분적으로 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트는 예비 함침된 열경화성 폴리머 복합재 테이프를 적층시키고, 또 임플란트를 형성하는 예비 함침된 열가소성 폴리머 복합재 테이프를 적층시킴으로써 편리하게 제작될 수 있다. 열가소성 임플란트는 사출 기술을 이용하여 현장에서 제작될 수도 있다. 열경화성 폴리머 및 열가소성 폴리머의 공사출(co-injection)도 가능하다.
바람직하게, 임플란트를 포함하는 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트는 용접에 의해 열가소성 폴리머 (컴포넌트) 또는 임플란트를 포함하는 다른 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트, 다른 열경화성 폴리머 또는 열경화성 폴리머 복합재 또는 열가소성 폴리머 (복합재)에 접합된다.
바람직한 용접 기술은 유도 용접, 저항 용접 및 레이저 용접을 포함하지만 이것에 한정되지 않다.
본 발명의 다른 양태에서, 열가소성 표면을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 이것에 용접된 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 조립체가 제공되고, 열가소성 폴리머는 상기 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도를 초과하는 용융 온도를 갖는다.
본 발명의 위의 실시형태의 어느 하나에서, 열가소성 폴리머 임플란트 및 미경화된 열경화성 폴리머 또는 임플란트에 인접하는 열경화성 폴리머 복합재는, 가열되었을 때, 열경화성 폴리머가 경화되기 전에 적어도 부분적으로 상호 침투될 수 있고, 이것에 의해 열경화성 폴리머 또는 열경화성 폴리머 복합재에 열가소성 폴리머 임플란트를 접합할 수 있다. 이것은 임플란트에 의해 열경화성 폴리머 (복합재)에 제공되는 열가소성 표면이 열경화성 폴리머 또는 열경화성 폴리머 복합재로부터 쉽게 제거될 수 없도록 보장한다.
경화되거나 미경화된 열경화성 폴리머 또는 열가소성 임플란트를 구비하는 열경화성 폴리머 복합재는 본 발명의 방법에 따라 추가의 열가소성 폴리머에 접합될 수 있고, 또는 열가소성 임플란트가 제공된 제 2 열경화성 폴리머 또는 열경화성 폴리머 복합재에 접합될 수 있다.
본 발명의 방법의 추가의 이점은 접합될 용융된 열가소성 폴리머 및 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머가 상호 접촉 상태로 배치되었을 때 높은 열가소성 폴리머 유동(flow)을 제공하고, 이것에 의해 접합될 접촉 표면 내의 임의의 기복(undulation) 또는 불완전성을 충전하는 것이다. 열가소성 유동은 가열 중에 접합될 컴포넌트에 대한 온도를 변경함으로써 및/또는 더 큰 접촉 압력을 가함으로써 또는 접합을 위한 추가의 시간을 허용함으로써 영향을 받을 수 있다.
본 발명의 방법의 이점은 또한 이전에 상호 접합된 컴포넌트가 분해될 수 있고, 단순히 용접된 열가소성 및 열가소성 임플란트를 적어도 부분적으로 재가열함으로써 필요 시에 다시 재조립될 수 있다는 사실에 관련된다. 필요한 경우, 더 우수한 접합을 위해 접합될 표면들 사이에 추가의 열가소성 폴리머가 추가될 수 있다. 또한 필요 시 선택된 영역 내에서 형성된 용접의 품질을 개선하기 위해 재가열이 이용될 수 있다.
일반적으로, 본 발명에 따른 방법은 적어도 열가소성 폴리머 임플란트와 열경화성 폴리머 사이의 계면에서 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 또는 폴리머 복합재 컴포넌트의 유리 전이 온도를 초과하는 온도에서 실행된다. 그러나, 접합은 이 온도보다 단지 약간 더 높은 온도를 수반하고, 또는 심지어 열경화성 폴리머의 분해 온도에 근접할 수 있다.
열경화성 폴리머 (복합재) 컴포넌트는 본 발명 이외의 다른 방법에 의해 거기에 접합되는 금속 인서트, 발포체 또는 하니컴 코어(honeycomb core), 열가소성 또는 열경화성 컴포넌트 또는 필름, 또는 열경화성 (복합재) 컴포넌트의 일체형 부품으로서 접합될 수 있는 임의의 기타 재료를 포함할 수 있다.
이하, 본 발명은 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 일례로서 더 상세히 설명되지만 거기에 제한되지 않는다.
도 1은 본 발명에 따라 열가소성 표면을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 거기에 용접될 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 제 1 실시형태를 도시하고;
도 2는 본 발명에 따라 열가소성 표면을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 거기에 용접될 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 제 2 실시형태를 나타내고;
도 3은 본 발명에 따라 열가소성 표면을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 거기에 용접될 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 다른 실시형태를 나타내고;
도 4는 본 발명의 방법에서 사용되기 위한 열가소성 임플란트를 개략적으로 도시한다.
도 1을 참조하면, 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트(4)가 본 발명의 방법에 따라 용접될 수 있는 열가소성 표면(3)을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트(2)의 조립체(1)의 실시형태가 도시되어 있고, 거기에 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트(4)의 열가소성 폴리머는 250 °C 내지 400 °C의 범위의 용융 온도를 갖고, 이 온도는 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트(2)에서 사용되는 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도를 초과하고, 이 경화 온도는 전형적으로 약 실온 내지 200 °C의 범위이다. 조립체(1)는 본 경우에 표면(3)인 접합될 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 적어도 일부에서 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트(5)를 구비하는 미경화된 또는 부분적으로 경화된 열경화성 폴리머(경화된 컴포넌트(2)의 전구물질)을 제공하는 단계, 및 열경화성 폴리머를 경화시키는 단계를 포함하는 방법에 의해 얻어지고, 이것에 의해 미경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트(2) 및 임플란트(5)의 열가소성 폴리머는 적어도 부분적으로 상호 침투한다. 이 프로세스에 의해 열가소성 폴리머 임플란트(5)와 경화된 열경화성 폴리머(2) 사이에 접합부가 형성된다. 상승되는 경화 온도로 인해, 열경화성 모노머는 임플란트(5)의 열가소성 폴리머, 특히 그것의 결정질 영역을 통해 실제로 더 쉽게 이동할 수 있다. 이러한 방식으로, 둘 사이에 강력한 접합부가 형성된다. 명백하게, 경화 온도 및 시간 사이클은 바람직하게 열경화성 모노머(및 경화제)가 임플란트(5)의 용융된 폴리머 내로 충분히 깊게 이동할 수 있도록 선택된다. 열가소성 임플란트(5)를 구비하는 열경화성 폴리머(2)를 제공하는 것은 열경화성 폴리머(2)를 위한 제조자의 추천되는 경화 사이클을 변경하지 않고 실행될 수 있다. 그러나, 특히, 열경화성 폴리머(2)와 임플란트(5)의 열가소성 폴리머 사이의 적합성이 최적이 아닌 경우에는 약간의 변경이 요구될 수 있다.
본 발명에 따르면, 열가소성 폴리머 (컴포넌트)(4)는 조립체(1)의 적어도 표면(3)과 접촉되고, 열가소성 폴리머 및 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트는 열가소성 폴리머(4)의 용융 온도로 가열되고, 이것에 의해 임플란트(5)의 열가소성 폴리머는 용융되어 열가소성 폴리머 (컴포넌트)(4)와 융합되고, 다시 말하면 열가소성 폴리머 임플란트(5)와 열가소성 폴리머 (컴포넌트)(4) 사이에 접합을 형성하고, 이 접합은 열가소성 폴리머(5)와 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트(2)의 냉각 시에 강화된다.
접합 프로세스 중에 열경화성 폴리머의 과도한 가열을 방지하기 위해, 용접 구간이 열가소성 임플란트(5)의 형상에 따라 선택되어야 한다. 도 1에서, 용접 가능한 영역은 영역(6)으로서 개략적으로 도시되어 있다. 이 영역(6)에서의 가열은 열가소성 폴리머(4, 5) 중 하나 또는 양자 모두의 용융 온도에서 실행될 수 있다. 이들 폴리머(4, 5)는 단지 20 °C 만큼, 더 바람직하게는 15 °C 만큼, 가장 바람직하게는 단지 10 °C 만큼 차이가 나는 온도를 갖는다. 바람직하게, 열가소성 폴리머(4, 5)는 실질적으로 동일한 폴리머이다. 임플란트(5)의 열가소성 폴리머는, 열경화성 폴리머(2)의 경화 중에, 바람직하게는 반-상호침투하는(semi-interpenetrating) 폴리머 네트워크를 형성함으로써, 열경화성 폴리머(2)의 내부 표면(도 1에 도시된 실시예) 또는 외부 표면(도 2에 도시된 실시예)에 접합된다. 이러한 목적을 위해서, 열가소성 폴리머(5)는 선택된 열경화성 폴리머(2)의 열경화성 모노머와 호환 가능한 것이 바람직하다. 폴리머 과학 기술 분야의 당업자는 열역학적 기준 및 용해도 기준과 같이 본인이 자유롭게 사용할 수 있는 충분한 수단을 가지고 있다.
본 발명에 따른 방법을 사용하여 달성할 수 있는 전형적인 접합 강도는 30 MPa을 초과하고, 더 바람직하게는 35 MPa을 초과하고, 그리고 가장 바람직하게는 40 MPa을 초과한다(이중 랩(lap) 접합부 강도 시험).
전형적인 용접 압력은 50 kPa 내지 1 MPa의 범위이고, 100 kPa 내지 350 kPa의 범위가 바람직하다. 그러나, 본 발명에 따른 방법은 또한 압력이 가해지지 않는 경우에도 우수한 접합을 제공할 수 있지만, 1 MPa을 초과하는 압력이 용융된 열가소성 물질의 스퀴징 아웃(squeezing out)을 수반함에도 불구하고 사용될 수도 있다.
열가소성 표면(3)을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트(2)의 조립체(1)의 다른 실시형태가 도시되어 있고, 거기에 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트(4)가 도 2에 도시된 본 발명의 방법에 따라 용접될 수 있다. 이 경우, 열가소성 폴리머 임플란트(5)는 실제로 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트(2)의 외측 표면에 접합된다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 용접 가능한 영역을 영역(6)으로 제한할 때 임플란트(5)와의 계면에서 열경화성 폴리머(2)의 과도한 가열이 방지되도록 임플란트(5)의 치수가 결정되므로 자체의 기능은 여전히 본 발명에 따른다.
열가소성 폴리머 임플란트(5)를 구비하는 열경화성 폴리머(2)는, 예를 들면, 가열되는 플레이트와 같은 외부의 열 및 압력의 제공 하에서 열가소성 컴포넌트(4)에 접합될 수 있다. 대안적으로, 용접 영역(6) 내에 열이 집중될 수 있도록 국부적 가열 요소 또는 심지어 접합될 컴포넌트 내에 장입된 가열 가능한 물질이 사용될 수 있다.
본 발명에 따른 방법에서 가열은 열가소성 폴리머(4, 5)의 용융 온도를 초과하는 온도에서 발생하므로 이들 열가소성 플라스틱은 비교적 낮은 용접 압력 하에서도 용접 중에 실질적인 유동을 나타낸다. 이러한 유동으로 인해, 열가소성 플라스틱(4, 5)은 용접될 컴포넌트(2, 4)의 표면 내의 작은 요철(irregularity) 또는 심지어 비교적 작은 간극을 충전할 수 있다.
열가소성 표면(3)을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트(2)의 조립체(1)의 또 다른 실시형태가 도시되어 있고, 거기에 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트(4)가 도 3에 도시된 본 발명의 방법에 따라 용접될 수 있다. 이 경우, 열가소성 폴리머 임플란트(5)는 자체의 외부 에지에 제공되는 2 개의 히트 싱크(10, 11)를 구비한다. 임플란트(5)의 치수는, 용접 가능한 영역을 영역(6)으로 제한할 때, 임플란트(5)와의 계면(7)에서 열경화성 폴리머(2)의 가열이 열경화성 폴리머(2)의 최대 작업 온도를 초과하지 않도록 제한되도록 결정된다. 히트 싱크(10, 11)는 용접 열의 일부를 흡수한다. 히트 싱크(10, 11)는 열 흡수 페이스트(8)의 층을 사용하여 임플란트(5)에 제공된다. 열가소성 폴리머 임플란트(5)를 구비하는 열경화성 폴리머(2)는 접촉부(6)의 영역 내에서 용접되는 부품(4)과 접촉되는 용접 토치(9)를 사용함으로써 열가소성 컴포넌트(4)에 접합된다.
마지막으로 도4는 본 발명의 방법에서 사용되는 바람직한 임플란트의 개략 측면도를 도시한다. 도시된 실시형태에서, 임플란트(5)의 경계(50, 51)를 초과하여 연장하는 연속적인 강화 섬유(12)를 포함하는 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트가 제공되어 있다. 이와 같은 임플란트와 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 합체 시, 섬유(12)의 자유 (건조) 부분은 열경화성 폴리머 내로 연장되고, 이곳에서 이들 섬유 부분은 열경화성 폴리머에 의해 웨팅(wetted)되고, 일단 경화되면 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트와 일체로 된다. 이 실시형태에 따른 임플란트는 만족스러운 접합 강도를 얻을 수 있고, 접합 중에 가해지는 열을 제한할 수 있으므로 본 발명의 방법에서 매우 유용한 것으로 밝혀졌다.
본 발명에 따른 방법은 이전에 용접된 컴포넌트(2, 4)의 용접해제(unwelding) 및 분리를 가능하게 한다. 컴포넌트(2, 4)는 열가소성 폴리머(4, 5)의 용융 온도를 초과하는 온도로 가열되고, 양 컴포넌트(2, 4)는 적어도 부분적으로 분리되고, 이것은 작은 힘을 필요로 한다. 각각의 컴포넌트(2, 4)는 실질적으로 자체의 표면 특성의 대부분을 유지하므로, 분리된 컴포턴트는 그 후 본 발명의 방법에 따라 다시 용접될 수 있다. 우수한 접합을 위해 충분한 열가소성 재료를 사용할 수 없는 경우, 필요하면 추가의 열가소성 재료가 접합될 열가소성 표면 사이에 개재될 수 있다.
본 발명에 따라 접합되는 조립체(1)는 개선된 내화학성, 개선된 내마모성 및 내침식성, 개선된 생체적합성, 개선된 마찰 특성 등과 같은 추가의 이점을 제공할 수 있다.
상세한 설명에서 개시된 바와 같은 본 발명은 단지 예시로서 제공된 것이고, 또 첨부된 청구항의 범위 내에서 당업자에 의해 많은 변화가 예상될 수 있다는 것이 이해될 것이다.

Claims (15)

  1. 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법으로서, 상기 방법은,
    a) 열가소성 폴리머를 제공하는 단계,
    b) 접합될 상기 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 적어도 일부에 상기 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 임플란트를 포함하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 제공하는 단계,
    c) 접합될 상기 적어도 일부와 접촉 상태로 상기 열가소성 폴리머를 위치시키는 단계;
    d) 적어도 상기 접촉 영역에서 상기 열가소성 폴리머 및 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 상기 열가소성 폴리머의 용융 온도로 가열하고, 이것에 의해 상기 열가소성 임플란트 폴리머가 용융되어 상기 열가소성 폴리머와 융합하는 단계;
    e) 상기 열가소성 폴리머가 상기 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트와 접합되도록 상기 열가소성 폴리머와 상기 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 조립체를 냉각시키는 단계를 포함하고,
    상기 열가소성 폴리머는 상기 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도를 초과하는 용융 온도를 갖고, 상기 접합 단계 d) 중에 상기 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트와 상기 임플란트의 계면에서 상기 열경화성 폴리머의 최대 작업 온도를 초과하는 가열이 방지되도록 상기 임플란트가 설계되는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  2. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    상기 임플란트의 단위 길이당 열용량(J/°K/m)은 상기 단계 d) 중에 상기 조립체의 단위 길이 당 가해지는 열보다 큰, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  3. 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
    히트 싱크가 상기 임플란트의 일부에 적용되는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  4. 제 3 항에 있어서,
    상기 히트 싱크는 상기 임플란트의 외부에 적용되는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  5. 제 3 항 또는 제 4 항에 있어서,
    상기 히트 싱크는 상기 임플란트의 외부 에지에 적용되는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  6. 제 1 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    상기 임플란트는 상기 열경화성 폴리머 내로 연장되는 강화 섬유를 포함하는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  7. 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    상기 열가소성 폴리머는 상기 열가소성 폴리머의 임플란트를 포함하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 형태로 제공되는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  8. 제 1 항 내지 제 7 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    상기 열가소성 임플란트를 포함하는 상기 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트는, 상기 열가소성 폴리머의 용융 온도 미만의 경화 온도를 가지는 미경화된 또는 부분적으로 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 제공하고, 상기 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도로 상기 열가소성 폴리머 및 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트를 가열하고, 이것에 의해 상기 미경화된 또는 부분적으로 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 상기 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머가 적어도 부분적으로 상호 침투함으로써 얻어지는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  9. 제 1 항 내지 제 8 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    상기 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트는 섬유 강화 열경화성 폴리머 복합재 컴포넌트를 포함하는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  10. 제 1 항 내지 제 9 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    접합될 상기 열가소성 폴리머는 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트이거나, 또는 호환 가능한 열가소성 폴리머 표면을 구비하는 컴포넌트인, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  11. 제 1 항 내지 제 10 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    접합될 상기 열가소성 폴리머 및/또는 상기 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머는 적어도 200 °C의 용융 온도를 가지는 엔지니어링 열가소성 폴리머의 등급으로부터 선택되는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  12. 제 11 항에 있어서,
    접합될 열가소성 폴리머 및/또는 상기 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머는 폴리에테르이미드(PEI), 폴리에테르에테르케톤(PEEK), 폴리페닐린 설파이드(PPS), 폴리에테르케톤(PEK), 폴리에테르케톤케톤(PEKK) 및 이것의 조합 또는 이것의 등가물로부터 선택되는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  13. 제 1 항 내지 제 12 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    접합될 상기 열가소성 폴리머 또는 상기 임플란트의 열가소성 폴리머는 국부적 가열을 위한 전기 전도성 입자를 포함하는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  14. 제 1 항 내지 제 13 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    상기 열경화성 폴리머는 에폭시 및/또는 비스말레이미드 수지/경화제 혼합물을 포함하는, 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법.
  15. 열가소성 표면을 구비하는 경화된 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트 및 이것에 용접된 열가소성 폴리머 컴포넌트의 조립체로서, 상기 열가소성 폴리머는 상기 열경화성 폴리머의 경화 온도를 초과하는 용융 온도를 갖는, 조립체.
KR1020137034256A 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 열경화성 폴리머 컴포넌트에 열가소성 폴리머를 접합하기 위한 방법 KR101983613B1 (ko)

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