KR20130106780A - Method for operating a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for operating a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine Download PDF

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KR20130106780A
KR20130106780A KR1020130027705A KR20130027705A KR20130106780A KR 20130106780 A KR20130106780 A KR 20130106780A KR 1020130027705 A KR1020130027705 A KR 1020130027705A KR 20130027705 A KR20130027705 A KR 20130027705A KR 20130106780 A KR20130106780 A KR 20130106780A
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combustion
combustion chamber
reciprocating piston
fuel
dead center
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KR1020130027705A
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Korean (ko)
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KR101940819B1 (en
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게르하르트 돔베르거
필리프 헨셴
인고 빌케
제바슈티안 쿤켈
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만 디젤 앤 터보 에스이
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3094—Controlling fuel injection the fuel injection being effected by at least two different injectors, e.g. one in the intake manifold and one in the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0221—Details of the water supply system, e.g. pumps or arrangement of valves
    • F02M25/0225—Water atomisers or mixers, e.g. using ultrasonic waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/023—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/024—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/10—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F02M25/03—Adding water into the cylinder or the pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0621—Squish flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method of operating a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is provided to achieve an optimal combustion inside a combustion chamber of a combustion cylinder. CONSTITUTION: An operating method comprises a fuel and combustion air combustion chamber (13) introduction step and an added fluid (ZF) combustion chamber introduction step. The combustion chamber introduction step of the fuel and combustion air introduces a fuel and a combustion air to a combustion chamber of a combustion cylinder in order to implement an expansion stroke of a reciprocating piston (20) by using a combustion of the fuel and the combustion air. The added fluid combustion chamber introduction step introduces an added fluid to the combustion chamber in order to have an effect on combustion by using the added fluid.

Description

왕복 피스톤 내연 기관의 작동 방법{METHOD FOR OPERATING A RECIPROCATING PISTON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE} TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine,

본 발명은 왕복 피스톤이 상사점과 하사점 사이에서 선형적으로 이동할 수 있게 내부에 수납된 적어도 하나의 연소 실린더를 포함하는, 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관을 작동하기 위해 청구항 1의 전제부에 따라 구성된 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for operating a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine comprising at least one combustion cylinder housed therein such that the reciprocating piston moves linearly between a top dead center and a bottom dead center .

서두에 언급한 타입의 방법은 예컨대 DE 10 2006 054 227 A1로부터 공지되어 있다.A method of the type mentioned at the outset is known, for example, from DE 10 2006 054 227 A1.

본 발명의 과제는 연소 실린더의 연소실 내에서 더욱 최적의 연소가 달성될 수 있도록 하는 청구항 1의 전제부에 따른 방법을 제공하는 것이다.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method according to the preamble of claim 1 that enables more optimal combustion to be achieved in the combustion chamber of a combustion cylinder.

그러한 과제는 청구항 1에 따른 방법에 의해 해결된다. 본 발명의 부가의 구성들이 종속 청구항들에 정의되어 있다.Such a problem is solved by the method according to claim 1. Additional configurations of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

본 발명에 따라, 왕복 피스톤이 상사점과 하사점 사이에서 선형적으로 이동할 수 있게 내부에 수납된 적어도 하나의 연소 실린더를 포함하는, 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관을 작동하는 방법으로서, 연료와 연소 공기의 연소를 이용하여 왕복 피스톤의 팽창 행정을 구현하기 위해 연료와 연소 공기를 연소 실린더의 연소실에 도입하는 단계; 및 첨가 유체를 이용하여 연소에 영향을 미치기 위해 바람직하게는 연료 및 연소 공기와는 상이한 첨가 유체를 연소실에 도입하는 단계를 포함하는, 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관의 작동 방법이 제공된다. 본 발명에 따른 방법은 첨가 유체를 연료 및 연소 공기와는 별개로 연소실 내에 직접 주입하는 것을 특징으로 한다.According to the present invention there is provided a method of operating a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine including at least one combustion cylinder housed therein such that the reciprocating piston is linearly movable between a top dead center and a bottom dead center, Introducing fuel and combustion air into the combustion chamber of the combustion cylinder to implement an expansion stroke of the reciprocating piston using the combustion piston; And introducing an additive fluid into the combustion chamber that is different from the fuel and combustion air, preferably by using an additive fluid, in order to affect the combustion, and a method of operating the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the additive fluid is injected directly into the combustion chamber separately from the fuel and the combustion air.

첨가 유체를 연료 및 연소 공기와는 별개로 연소실 내에 직접 주입하기 때문에, 연료와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 연소 과정 및/또는 점화 시점과는 상관없이 첨가 유체를 연소실에 도입하는 것을 제어할 수 있고, 그럼으로써 연소에 대해 달성하고자 하는 영향에 맞춰 최적으로 설정할 수 있다.Since the additive fluid is injected directly into the combustion chamber separately from the fuel and the combustion air, it is possible to control introduction of the additive fluid into the combustion chamber irrespective of the combustion process and / or the ignition timing of the mixer formed of the fuel and the combustion air, So that it can be set optimally to the effect that you want to achieve for combustion.

본 발명에 따른 방법에 의해, 첨가 유체를 연소실 내에 직접 분사 또는 주입하는 것은, 연료와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 연소 전에, 연소 중에, 및/또는 연소 후에 행하는 것이 가능하다. 따라서 연소 실린더의 연소실 내에서의 연소에 더욱 융통성 있게 영향을 미치는 것과 그에 따라 내연 기관의 최적화를 개선하는 것을 달성할 수 있게 된다.By the method according to the present invention, the injection or injection of the additive fluid directly into the combustion chamber can be performed before, during and / or after combustion of the fuel and the mixer formed of combustion air. Thus, it becomes possible to achieve a more flexible effect on the combustion in the combustion chamber of the combustion cylinder, and thus to improve the optimization of the internal combustion engine.

본 발명의 일 실시 형태에 따르면, 왕복 피스톤이 하사점(UT)의 부근에 있을 때에 첨가 유체를 연소실 내에 주입한다. 바람직하게는, 왕복 피스톤이 하사점에 있을 때에 첨가 유체를 연소실 내에 주입한다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the additive fluid is injected into the combustion chamber when the reciprocating piston is in the vicinity of the bottom dead center (UT). Preferably, the additive fluid is injected into the combustion chamber when the reciprocating piston is at the bottom dead center.

본 발명의 또 다른 실시 형태에 따르면, 첨가 유체를 연소실 내에 주입하기 위한 하사점으로서, 왕복 피스톤의 팽창 행정에 바로 선행하는 상사점(OT) 직전의 하사점을 선택한다. 즉, 왕복 피스톤의 압축 행정과 팽창 행정 사이의 점화(OT) 직전의 하사점을 선택한다.According to still another embodiment of the present invention, as the bottom dead center for injecting the additive fluid into the combustion chamber, a bottom dead center immediately before the top dead center (OT) immediately preceding the expansion stroke of the reciprocating piston is selected. That is, the bottom dead center point immediately before the ignition (OT) between the compression stroke and the expansion stroke of the reciprocating piston is selected.

본 발명의 또 다른 실시 형태에 따르면, 첨가 유체로서 물을 연소실 내에 주입한다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, water is injected into the combustion chamber as an addition fluid.

그러한 물 직접 주입(water direct injection - WDI)에 의해, 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관의 유해 물질 방출이 감소하고, 출력 증대 및 노킹 최소화를 달성할 수 있다. 점화(OT) 직전의 하사점에서 물의 형태의 첨가 유체를 분사 또는 주입하면, 압축된 물의 기화 냉각에 의해 연소의 효율이 향상될 수 있다.By such water direct injection (WDI), the emission of harmful substances in the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine can be reduced, and power increase and knocking can be minimized. If the addition fluid in the form of water is injected or injected at the bottom dead center immediately before the ignition (OT), the efficiency of combustion can be improved by vaporized cooling of the compressed water.

본 발명의 또 다른 실시 형태에 따르면, 연료로서 난연성 기체를 연소실에 도입하되, 첨가 유체로서 착화성이 높은 기체를 연소실 내에 주입한다.According to still another embodiment of the present invention, a flammable gas as a fuel is introduced into a combustion chamber, and a highly ignitable gas is injected into the combustion chamber as an additive fluid.

본 발명에 따른 방법의 그러한 구성에 따라, 착화성이 나쁜 기체 또는 난연성 기체의 연소를 착화성이 좋거나 높은 기체 또는 점화성 기체의 첨가 주입에 의해 최적화할 수 있게 된다.According to such a constitution of the method according to the present invention, it becomes possible to optimize the combustion of a gas having poor ignitability or a flame-retardant gas by adding and injecting a gas having good or high ignitability or an ignitable gas.

본 발명의 일 실시 형태에 따르면, 연료와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 점화를 위해 제공되어 연소실에 들어오는 파일럿 연료 제트(pilot fuel jet) 또는 예연소실 토치(prechamber torch)와 첨가 유체가 겹쳐지도록 첨가 유체를 연소실 내에 주입한다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling an additive fluid, which is provided for ignition of a fuel and a mixer formed of combustion air, so that the additive fluid overlaps with a pilot fuel jet or a prechamber torch entering the combustion chamber And injected into the combustion chamber.

본 발명에 따른 방법의 그러한 구성에 따라, 첨가 유체의 분사 또는 주입이 예컨대 연료와 연소 공기로 이루어진 혼합기의 국부적인 농축에 의해 혼합기의 착화성을 지원하거나 향상시킬 수 있게 된다.According to such a configuration of the method according to the invention, the injection or injection of the additive fluid can support or improve the ignitability of the mixer, for example by local concentration of the mixer consisting of fuel and combustion air.

본 발명의 또 다른 실시 형태에 따르면, 첨가 유체를 연소실의 적어도 하나의 압착 영역에 의도적으로 주입한다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the additive fluid is intentionally injected into at least one compression region of the combustion chamber.

압착 영역들 또는 압착 에지들(예컨대, 왕복 피스톤의 피스톤 헤드에 있음)은 예컨대 연소실 내에서 연료와 연소 공기로 이루어진 혼합기를 와류시키는 역할을 한다. 압착 영역들은, 왕복 피스톤이 연소 실린더의 실린더 헤드에 접근함에 기인하여 혼합기가 밀어내어지고, 그럼으로써 그 영역들이 부분적으로 또는 전적으로 연소로부터 배제될 수 있는 영역들이다.The compression areas or compression edges (e.g., in the piston head of the reciprocating piston) serve to vortex a mixer of fuel and combustion air, for example, in the combustion chamber. The compression regions are regions in which the mixer is pushed out due to the reciprocating piston approaching the cylinder head of the combustion cylinder, whereby the regions can be partially or wholly excluded from combustion.

첨가 유체를 바람직하게는 압착 영역들과 같은 정해진 연소 공간들에 의도적으로 분사하는 것은, 유효 연소 공간의 확대에 의해 더 좋은 전환율(conversion rate) 및 그에 따른 연소 또는 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관의 더 좋은 효율을 가능하게 하고, 연소실 내에서의 부가의 흡입 유동(charge motion) 및 그에 따라 배기 가스로서 생성되는 탄화수소의 감소를 일으킨다.Intentional injection of the additive fluid into defined combustion spaces, preferably to defined combustion spaces, such as compression regions, results in a better conversion rate and thus better efficiency of the combustion or reciprocating piston internal combustion engine by enlarging the effective combustion space And causes additional charge motions in the combustion chamber and hence of the hydrocarbons produced as exhaust gases.

본 발명의 또 다른 실시 양태에 따르면, 연료(바람직하게는 고급의 그리고 착화성이 높은 연료)와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 점화 중에 첨가 유체로서 난연성 기체를 연소실 내에 주입한다.In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a flammable gas is injected into the combustion chamber as an additive fluid during ignition of a fuel (preferably a high-grade and highly combustible fuel) and a mixer formed of combustion air.

따라서 본 발명에 따른 방법의 그러한 구성에 따라, 등급을 낮춘 연료를 의도적으로 분사하거나 주입할 수 있고, 그것은 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관의 작동 비용의 감소에 기여할 수 있게 된다.Thus, with such a configuration of the method according to the invention, the lowered fuel can be intentionally injected or injected, which can contribute to a reduction in the operating cost of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine.

본 발명의 또 다른 실시 형태에 따르면, 첨가 유체를 연소실 내에 주입하기 위한 하사점으로서, 왕복 피스톤의 팽창 행정에 바로 선행하는 상사점(OT) 직후의 하사점을 선택한다. 즉, 점화(OT) 직후의 하사점을 선택한다. 이때, 첨가 유체로서 배기 가스 후처리제, 바람직하게는 암모니아를 연소실 내에 주입하는 것이 바람직하다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, as the bottom dead center for injecting the additive fluid into the combustion chamber, the bottom dead center immediately after the top dead center (OT) immediately preceding the expansion stroke of the reciprocating piston is selected. That is, the bottom dead point immediately after the ignition OT is selected. At this time, it is preferable to inject the exhaust gas post-treatment agent, preferably ammonia, into the combustion chamber as the additive fluid.

본 발명에 따른 방법의 그러한 구성에 따라, 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관의 배기 가스 중의 질소 산화물의 환원을 위해 마련될 수 있는 SCR(선택적 촉매 환원 - Selective Catalytic Reduction) 촉매 변환기 및/또는 SCR 촉매 변환기의 상류에 있는 혼합 섹션을 생략할 수 있게 된다. 그것은 첨가제에 의한 배기 가스 후처리의 다른 형태들에도 마찬가지로 적용된다.According to such a configuration of the method according to the invention, an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalytic converter and / or an SCR catalytic converter, which can be provided for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, It is possible to omit the mixing section. It is equally applicable to other forms of exhaust gas treatment by additives.

본 발명은 청구항들의 명시적 인용들로부터 나오는 특징 조합들에 의해서는 주어지지 않는 실시 형태들에도 확장되는 것임이 명백하고, 그러므로 본 발명의 개시된 특징들은 그것이 기술적으로 의미가 있는 한 임의로 서로 조합될 수 있다.It is clear that the present invention extends to embodiments not given by feature combinations resulting from explicit citations of the claims and thus the disclosed features of the present invention can be combined with each other arbitrarily as long as it is of technical significance have.

본 발명에 의하면, 연료 및 연소 공기와는 별개로 연소실 내에 첨가 유체를 직접 주입함으로써, 연료와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 연소 과정 및/또는 점화 시점과는 상관없이 첨가 유체를 연소실에 도입하는 것을 제어할 수 있고, 그에 따라 첨가 유체의 도입을 연소에 대해 달성하고자 하는 영향에 맞춰 최적으로 설정할 수 있게 된다. 또한, 첨가 유체를 연소실 내에 직접 분사 또는 주입하는 것은 연료와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 연소 전에, 연소 중에, 및/또는 연소 후에 행하는 것이 가능하므로, 연소 실린더의 연소실 내에서의 연소에 융통성 있게 영향을 미치는 것 그리고 그에 따라 내연 기관의 최적화를 개선하는 것을 달성할 수 있게 된다.According to the present invention, by separately injecting the additive fluid into the combustion chamber separately from the fuel and the combustion air, it is possible to control introduction of the additive fluid into the combustion chamber irrespective of the combustion process of the fuel and the mixer formed of the combustion air and / So that the introduction of the additive fluid can be optimally set in accordance with the effect to be achieved for the combustion. In addition, direct injection or injection of the additive fluid into the combustion chamber can be effected before, during and / or after the combustion of the fuel and the mixer formed of combustion air, so that the combustion cylinder is flexibly influenced by the combustion in the combustion chamber It is possible to achieve an improvement and thereby improve the optimization of the internal combustion engine.

이하, 첨부 도면들을 참조해서 바람직한 실시 형태들에 의거하여 본 발명을 상세히 설명하기로 한다. 첨부 도면들 중에서,
도 1은 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관의 연소 실린더의 길이 방향 단면도.
도 2는 도 1의 A-A 선을 따라 바라본 도 1의 연소 실린더의 횡단면도.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings,
1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a combustion cylinder of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine;
2 is a cross-sectional view of the combustion cylinder of FIG. 1 taken along the line AA of FIG. 1;

도 1 및 도 2로부터 알 수 있는 바와 같이, 예컨대 2 행정 프로세스 또는 4 행정 프로세스로 작동하는 디젤 엔진 또는 오토(Otto) 엔진으로서 형성될 수 있는 본 발명에 따른 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관(1)(전부 도시되지는 않음)은 왕복 피스톤(20)이 상사점(OT)(왕복 피스톤이 "20.1"로 추가로 지시되어 있음)과 하사점(UT)(왕복 피스톤이 "20.2"로 지시되어 있음) 사이에서 선형적으로 이동할 수 있게 내부에 수납된 적어도 하나의 연소 실린더(10)를 포함한다.As can be seen from Figs. 1 and 2, the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention, which can be formed as a diesel engine or an Otto engine operating in a two-stroke or four-stroke process, The reciprocating piston 20 is moved between the top dead center OT (the reciprocating piston is further indicated by "20.1") and the bottom dead center UT (the reciprocating piston is indicated by "20.2") And at least one combustion cylinder 10 housed therein so as to be linearly movable.

그러한 연소 실린더(10)는 연료와 연소 공기를 연소 실린더(10)의 연소실(13)에 도입할 수 있는 연료/연소 공기 공급 어셈블리(12)가 수납된 실린더 헤드(11)를 구비한다.Such a combustion cylinder 10 has a cylinder head 11 containing a fuel / combustion air supply assembly 12 capable of introducing fuel and combustion air into the combustion chamber 13 of the combustion cylinder 10.

연료/연소 공기 공급 어셈블리(12)는 예컨대 연료 분사 노즐 및 하나 이상의 흡기 밸브를 구비한다.The fuel / combustion air supply assembly 12 includes, for example, a fuel injection nozzle and one or more intake valves.

또한, 연소 실린더(10)의 실린더 헤드(11)에는, 연료 및 연소 공기와는 별개로 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소 실린더(10)의 연소실(13) 내에 주입할 수 있는 첨가 유체 공급 어셈블리(14)가 수납된다.The cylinder head 11 of the combustion cylinder 10 is additionally provided with an addition fluid supply assembly 14 that can inject the addition fluid ZF into the combustion chamber 13 of the combustion cylinder 10 separately from the fuel and the combustion air ).

첨가 유체 공급 어셈블리(14)는 예컨대 분사 노즐을 구비할 수 있고, 통상의 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관의 개조를 위해 예컨대 배출 밸브용으로 마련된 실린더 헤드(11)의 개구부 또는 통로에 배치될 수 있다.The additive fluid supply assembly 14 may comprise, for example, an injection nozzle and may be arranged in the opening or passage of the cylinder head 11, for example for the discharge valve, for the retrofitting of a conventional reciprocating piston internal combustion engine.

이하, 도 1 및 도 2를 참조하여 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관(11)을 작동하는 본 발명에 따른 방법의 실시 형태들을 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, embodiments of the method according to the present invention for operating the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine 11 will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. Fig.

본 발명에 따르면, 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관(1)의 작동 방법은 연료와 연소 공기의 연소를 이용하여 왕복 피스톤(20)의 팽창 행정을 구현하기 위해 연료/연소 공기 공급 어셈블리(12)에 의해 연료와 연소 공기를 연소 실린더(10)의 연소실(13)에 도입하는 단계, 및 첨가 유체(ZF)를 이용하여 연소에 영향을 미치기 위해 첨가 유체 공급 어셈블리(14)에 의해 바람직하게는 연료 및 연소 공기와는 상이한 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실에 도입하되, 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연료 및 연소 공기와는 별개로 연소실(13) 내에 직접 주입하는 단계를 포함한다.According to the present invention, a method of operation of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine 1 is carried out by the fuel / combustion air supply assembly 12 to realize the expansion stroke of the reciprocating piston 20 by using the combustion of fuel and combustion air. Introducing the combustion air into the combustion chamber 13 of the combustion cylinder 10 and supplying the combustion fluid to the combustion chamber 13 by the addition fluid supply assembly 14 preferably by the addition of the fuel and combustion air Introducing a different additive fluid (ZF) into the combustion chamber, injecting the additive fluid (ZF) directly into the combustion chamber (13) separately from the fuel and combustion air.

본 발명에 따른 방법의 일 실시 형태에 따르면, 왕복 피스톤(20)이 하사점(UT) 부근에 있을 때에 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입한다. 바람직하게는, 왕복 피스톤(20)이 하사점(UT)(20.2)에 있을 때에 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입한다.According to one embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the additive fluid ZF is injected into the combustion chamber 13 when the reciprocating piston 20 is in the vicinity of the bottom dead center UT. Preferably, the additive fluid ZF is injected into the combustion chamber 13 when the reciprocating piston 20 is at the bottom dead center (UT) 20.2.

본 발명에 따른 방법의 또 다른 실시 형태에 따르면, 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하기 위한 하사점(UT)으로서, 왕복 피스톤(20)의 압축 행정과 팽창 행정 사이의 점화(OT)[OT - 왕복 피스톤(20)의 상사점] 직전의 하사점(UT)을 선택한다.(OT) between the compression stroke and the expansion stroke of the reciprocating piston 20 as a bottom dead center (UT) for injecting the addition fluid ZF into the combustion chamber 13, according to another embodiment of the method according to the present invention. (Bottom dead center (UT) immediately before top dead center of the OT-reciprocating piston 20).

본 발명에 따른 방법의 일 실시 형태에 따르면, 왕복 피스톤(20)의 점화(OT) 직전의 하사점(UT)(또는 그 부근)에서 첨가 유체(ZF)로서 물을 연소실(13) 내에 주입한다.According to one embodiment of the method according to the present invention, water is injected into the combustion chamber 13 as an additive fluid ZF at a bottom dead center UT (or vicinity thereof) just before ignition (OT) of the reciprocating piston 20 .

본 발명에 따른 방법의 대안적 실시 형태에 따르면, 연료로서 난연성 기체를 연소실(13)에 도입하되, 예컨대 왕복 피스톤(20)의 점화(OT) 직전의 하사점(UT)(또는 그 부근)에서 첨가 유체(ZF)로서 착화성이 높은 기체를 연소실(13) 내에 주입한다.According to an alternative embodiment of the method according to the present invention, a flame-retardant gas as fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber 13, for example at a bottom dead center UT (or near it) just before the ignition (OT) of the reciprocating piston 20 A gas having high ignitability is injected into the combustion chamber 13 as the additive fluid ZF.

본 발명에 따른 방법의 일 구성 형태에 따르면, 연료와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 점화를 위해 제공되어 연소실(13)에 들어오는 파일럿 연료 제트 또는 예연소실 토치(도시되지 않음)와 첨가 유체(ZF)가 겹쳐지도록 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입한다.According to one configuration of the method according to the present invention, a pilot fuel jet or precombustion chamber torch (not shown) provided for the ignition of the mixer formed of fuel and combustion air into the combustion chamber 13 and the addition fluid ZF The addition fluid ZF is injected into the combustion chamber 13 so as to overlap.

본 발명에 따른 방법의 일 실시 형태에 따르면, 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13)의 적어도 하나의 압착 영역(13.1)에 의도적으로 주입한다.According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the additive fluid ZF is intentionally injected into at least one squeeze region 13.1 of the combustion chamber 13.

본 발명에 따른 방법의 대안적 실시 양태에 따르면, 연료(바람직하게는 고급의 그리고 착화성이 높은 연료)와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 점화 중에 첨가 유체(ZF)로서 난연성 기체를 연소실(13) 내에 주입한다.According to an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, a flammable gas as an additive fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13) during the ignition of the mixture of fuel (preferably high and highly ignitable) Inject.

본 발명에 따른 방법의 또 다른 실시 형태에 따르면, 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하기 위한 하사점(UT)으로서, 점화(OT) 직후의 하사점(UT)을 선택하되, 이때 첨가 유체(ZF)로서 바람직하게는 암모니아와 같은 배기 가스 후처리제를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 발명에 따르면, 다른 배기 가스 후처리제들도 고려될 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the bottom dead center (UT) immediately after the ignition (OT) is selected as the bottom dead center (UT) for injecting the addition fluid (ZF) into the combustion chamber As the additive fluid ZF, it is preferable to inject the exhaust gas post-treatment agent such as ammonia into the combustion chamber 13. According to the present invention, other exhaust gas post-treatment agents can be considered.

1: 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관 10: 연소 실린더
11: 실린더 헤드 12: 연료/연소 공기 공급 어셈블리
13: 연소실 13.1: 압착 영역
14: 첨가 유체 공급 어셈블리 20: 왕복 피스톤
20.1: 상사점에 있는 왕복 피스톤 20.2: 하사점에 있는 왕복 피스톤
ZF: 첨가 유체 OT: 상사점
UT: 하사점1: reciprocating piston internal combustion engine 10: combustion cylinder
11: cylinder head 12: fuel / combustion air supply assembly
13: Combustion chamber 13.1:
14: addition fluid supply assembly 20: reciprocating piston
20.1: Reciprocating piston in top dead center 20.2: Reciprocating piston in bottom dead center
ZF: Addition fluid OT: Top point
UT: bottom dead center

Claims (10)

왕복 피스톤(20)이 상사점(OT)과 하사점(UT) 사이에서 선형적으로 이동할 수 있게 내부에 수납된 적어도 하나의 연소 실린더(10)를 포함하는, 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관(1)을 작동하는 방법으로서,
연료와 연소 공기의 연소를 이용하여 왕복 피스톤(20)의 팽창 행정을 구현하기 위해 연료와 연소 공기를 연소 실린더(10)의 연소실(13)에 도입하는 단계; 및
첨가 유체(ZF)를 이용하여 연소에 영향을 미치기 위해 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13)에 도입하는 단계
를 포함하는 왕복 피스톤 내연 기관(1)의 작동 방법에 있어서,
연료 및 연소 공기와는 별개로 연소실(13) 내에 첨가 유체(ZF)를 직접 주입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine (1) comprising at least one combustion cylinder (10) housed therein such that the reciprocating piston (20) is linearly movable between a top dead center (OT) and a bottom dead center (UT) As a method,
Introducing fuel and combustion air into the combustion chamber (13) of the combustion cylinder (10) to realize an expansion stroke of the reciprocating piston (20) using combustion of fuel and combustion air; And
Introducing the additive fluid (ZF) into the combustion chamber (13) in order to influence the combustion by using the additive fluid (ZF)
Wherein the internal combustion engine (1)
Characterized in that the addition fluid (ZF) is injected directly into the combustion chamber (13) separately from the fuel and the combustion air. 제 1 항에 있어서, 왕복 피스톤(20)이 하사점(UT)의 부근에 있을 때에 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.The operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13) when the reciprocating piston (20) is in the vicinity of the bottom dead center (UT). 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 왕복 피스톤(20)이 하사점(UT)에 있을 때에 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.3. The operating method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the additive fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13) when the reciprocating piston (20) is at the bottom dead center (UT). 제 2 항 또는 제 3 항에 있어서, 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하기 위한 하사점(UT)으로서, 왕복 피스톤(20)의 팽창 행정에 바로 선행하는 상사점(OT) 직전의 하사점(UT)을 선택하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.The reciprocating piston (20) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the bottom dead center (UT) for injecting the additive fluid (ZF) into the combustion chamber (13) Wherein the bottom dead center (UT) is selected. 제 4 항에 있어서, 첨가 유체(ZF)로서 물을 연소실(13) 내에 주입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.The operating method according to claim 4, characterized in that water is injected into the combustion chamber (13) as the addition fluid (ZF). 제 4 항에 있어서, 연료로서 난연성 기체를 연소실(13)에 도입하고, 첨가 유체(ZF)로서 착화성이 높은 기체를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.The operating method according to claim 4, wherein a flammable gas as fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber (13), and a gas having high ignitability as an additive fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13). 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 연료와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 점화를 위해 제공되어 연소실(13)에 들어오는 파일럿 연료 제트 또는 예연소실 토치와 첨가 유체(ZF)가 겹쳐지도록 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is provided for ignition of a mixer formed of fuel and combustion air and added to the pilot fuel jet or precombustion chamber torch entering the combustion chamber (13) Characterized in that the fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13). 제 1 항 내지 제 7 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 연소실(13)의 적어도 하나의 압착 영역(13.1)에 첨가 유체(ZF)를 의도적으로 주입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the addition fluid (ZF) is intentionally injected into at least one compression zone (13.1) of the combustion chamber (13). 제 1 항에 있어서, 연료와 연소 공기로 형성된 혼합기의 점화 중에 첨가 유체(ZF)로서 난연성 기체를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a flammable gas is injected into the combustion chamber (13) as an additive fluid (ZF) during ignition of a mixer formed of fuel and combustion air. 제 1 항에 있어서, 첨가 유체(ZF)를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하기 위한 하사점(UT)으로서, 왕복 피스톤(20)의 팽창 행정에 바로 선행하는 상사점(OT) 직후의 하사점(UT)을 선택하고, 첨가 유체(ZF)로서 배기 가스 후처리제, 바람직하게는 암모니아를 연소실(13) 내에 주입하는 것을 특징으로 하는 작동 방법.The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a bottom dead center (UT) for injecting the additive fluid (ZF) into the combustion chamber (13) is a bottom dead center (UT) immediately after the top dead center (OT) immediately preceding the expansion stroke of the reciprocating piston , And the exhaust gas post-treatment agent, preferably ammonia, as the additive fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13).
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