JP2013194735A - Driving method for reciprocating internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Driving method for reciprocating internal combustion engine Download PDF

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JP2013194735A
JP2013194735A JP2013051547A JP2013051547A JP2013194735A JP 2013194735 A JP2013194735 A JP 2013194735A JP 2013051547 A JP2013051547 A JP 2013051547A JP 2013051547 A JP2013051547 A JP 2013051547A JP 2013194735 A JP2013194735 A JP 2013194735A
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combustion
combustion chamber
additional fluid
dead center
fuel
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JP6144076B2 (en
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Gerhard Domberger
ゲルハルト・ドムベルガー
Philipp Henschen
フィリップ・ヘンシェン
Ingo Wilke
インゴ・ヴィルケ
Sebastian Kunkel
セバスチャン・クンケル
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3094—Controlling fuel injection the fuel injection being effected by at least two different injectors, e.g. one in the intake manifold and one in the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0221—Details of the water supply system, e.g. pumps or arrangement of valves
    • F02M25/0225—Water atomisers or mixers, e.g. using ultrasonic waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/023—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/024—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/10—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F02M25/03—Adding water into the cylinder or the pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0621—Squish flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a driving method for a reciprocating internal combustion engine (1) equipped with at least one combustion cylinder (10) housing a piston (20) that can move linearly between an upper dead space (OT) and a lower dead space (UT).SOLUTION: A method includes supplying fuel and combustion air to a combustion chamber (13) of a combustion cylinder to achieve a driving step of a piston by burning the fuel and combustion air, and supplying an additional fluid (ZF) to the combustion chamber for the additional fluid to have effect on combustion. The additional fluid is directly injected into the combustion chamber separately from the fuel and combustion air to achieve optimum combustion in the combustion chamber of the combustion cylinder.

Description

本発明は、その内部にピストンが、上死点と下死点との間で直線的に移動可能に受容されている、少なくとも１つの燃焼シリンダを備えるレシプロ式内燃機関を駆動するための、請求項１のおいて書きに従って構成された方法に関する。   The present invention is for driving a reciprocating internal combustion engine having at least one combustion cylinder in which a piston is received so as to be linearly movable between top dead center and bottom dead center. It relates to a method constructed according to the writing in paragraph 1.

冒頭で述べられたような方法は、たとえば特許文献１から知られている。   A method as described at the beginning is known, for example, from US Pat.

独国特許出願公開第１０２００６０５４２２７号明細書German Patent Application No. 102006054227

本発明の課題は、請求項１のおいて書きに記載の方法を提供することであり、それによって燃焼シリンダの燃焼室内で最適な燃焼が実現可能になる。   The object of the present invention is to provide a method as described in claim 1, whereby optimum combustion can be realized in the combustion chamber of the combustion cylinder.

これは、請求項１に記載の方法によって達成される。本発明のさらなる形態は、従属請求項において定義されている。   This is achieved by the method of claim 1. Further aspects of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

本発明に従って提供されるのは、その内部にピストンが、上死点と下死点との間で直線的に移動可能に受容されている、少なくとも１つの燃焼シリンダを備えたレシプロ式内燃機関の駆動方法であって、本方法は、以下のステップを含んでいる。すなわち、燃料と燃焼空気とを燃焼させることによってピストンの動力行程を実現するために、燃料と燃焼空気とを燃焼シリンダの燃焼室に投入するステップと、付加流体によって燃焼に影響を及ぼすために、好ましくは燃料や燃焼空気とは異なる付加流体を燃焼室に投入するステップと、である。本発明に係る方法は、付加流体が燃料や燃焼空気とは別に直接燃焼室に注入されることによって優れている。   According to the present invention, there is provided a reciprocating internal combustion engine having at least one combustion cylinder in which a piston is received so as to be linearly movable between a top dead center and a bottom dead center. A driving method, which includes the following steps. That is, in order to realize the power stroke of the piston by burning the fuel and the combustion air, in order to influence the combustion by the step of introducing the fuel and the combustion air into the combustion chamber of the combustion cylinder and the additional fluid, Preferably, an additional fluid different from fuel or combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber. The method according to the invention is advantageous in that the additional fluid is injected directly into the combustion chamber separately from the fuel and combustion air.

付加流体が燃料や燃焼空気とは別に直接燃焼室に注入されるので、燃焼室への付加流体の投入を、燃料と燃焼空気とから形成される混合気の燃焼プロセスおよび／または点火時点に関係なく制御でき、ひいては燃焼への達成されるべき影響に最適に適合させることができる。   Since the additional fluid is directly injected into the combustion chamber separately from the fuel and the combustion air, the injection of the additional fluid into the combustion chamber is related to the combustion process and / or the ignition timing of the air-fuel mixture formed from the fuel and the combustion air. Control and thus optimally adapted to the effect to be achieved on combustion.

本発明に係る方法によって、直接燃焼室への付加流体の噴射もしくは注入は、燃料と燃焼空気とから形成される混合気の燃焼前、燃焼中および／または燃焼後に可能である。それによって、燃焼シリンダの燃焼室内での燃焼にフレキシブルに影響を及ぼすことと、ひいては燃焼をより良好に最適化することが実現可能である。   With the method according to the invention, the injection or injection of the additional fluid directly into the combustion chamber is possible before, during and / or after combustion of the mixture formed from fuel and combustion air. Thereby, it is possible to flexibly influence the combustion in the combustion chamber of the combustion cylinder and thus to optimize the combustion better.

本発明の一実施形態に従えば、ピストンが下死点（ＵＴ）近くにあるときに、付加流体が燃焼室に注入される。好ましくは、ピストンが下死点にあるときに、付加流体が燃焼室に注入される。   According to one embodiment of the invention, additional fluid is injected into the combustion chamber when the piston is near bottom dead center (UT). Preferably, the additional fluid is injected into the combustion chamber when the piston is at bottom dead center.

本発明のさらなる一実施形態に従えば、付加流体を燃焼室に注入するための下死点として、ピストンの動力行程にすぐ先立つ上死点（ＯＴ）直前の下死点が選択される。つまりピストンの圧縮行程と動力行程との間の点火上死点（ＺＯＴ）直前の下死点が選択される。   According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the bottom dead center just before top dead center (OT) immediately prior to the piston power stroke is selected as the bottom dead center for injecting additional fluid into the combustion chamber. That is, the bottom dead center immediately before the ignition top dead center (ZOT) between the compression stroke and the power stroke of the piston is selected.

さらに本発明の一実施形態に従えば、付加流体として水が燃焼室に注入される。   Further in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, water is injected into the combustion chamber as an additional fluid.

そのような直接水噴射（ＷＤＩ）によって、レシプロ式内燃機関の有害物質排出を削減でき、出力の上昇とノッキングの最小限化を達成できる。水の形状で付加流体を、点火上死点前の下死点で噴射もしくは注入すれば、圧縮された水の気化冷却によって、燃焼の効率を向上させることができる。   Such direct water injection (WDI) can reduce the emission of harmful substances in a reciprocating internal combustion engine, and achieve an increase in output and minimization of knocking. If the additional fluid is injected or injected in the form of water at the bottom dead center before ignition top dead center, the efficiency of combustion can be improved by evaporative cooling of the compressed water.

さらに本発明のさらなる一実施形態に従えば、燃料として発火しにくいガスが燃焼室に投入され、付加流体として発火しやすいガスが燃焼室に注入される。   Further, according to a further embodiment of the present invention, a gas that does not easily ignite as fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, and a gas that easily ignites as an additional fluid is injected into the combustion chamber.

本発明に係る方法のこのような構成に従えば、あまり発火しないもしくは発火しにくいガスの燃焼は、よく発火するもしくは発火しやすいガスもしくは点火ガスを付加的に注入することによって、最適化され得る。   According to such a configuration of the method according to the invention, the combustion of a gas that does not ignite very much or is difficult to ignite can be optimized by additionally injecting a gas that ignites or is easy to ignite or an ignition gas. .

本発明の一実施形態に従えば、付加流体は、燃焼室に流入する点火オイルの噴出、または燃料と燃焼空気とからできた混合気を点火するために意図されている予熱室の火と部分的に重なり合うように、燃焼室に注入される。   According to one embodiment of the present invention, the additional fluid is a fire and part of a preheating chamber intended to ignite a jet of ignition oil flowing into the combustion chamber or a mixture of fuel and combustion air. So that they overlap each other.

本発明に係る方法のこのような構成に従えば、付加流体の噴射もしくは注入は、たとえば燃料と燃焼空気との混合気を局所的に濃縮することによって、混合気の点火傾向を促進もしくは向上させることができる。   According to such a configuration of the method according to the invention, the injection or injection of the additional fluid promotes or improves the ignition tendency of the mixture, for example by locally concentrating the mixture of fuel and combustion air. be able to.

さらに本発明の一実施形態に従えば、付加流体は、燃焼室の少なくとも１つの圧搾区域に向かって注入される。   Further in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the additional fluid is injected toward at least one squeezed area of the combustion chamber.

圧搾区域もしくは圧搾エッジ（たとえばピストンのピストンヘッドにある）は、たとえば燃料と燃焼空気との混合気を燃焼室内で旋回させるために用いられる。圧搾区域は、ピストンが燃焼シリンダのシリンダヘッドに接近することによって、混合気が押しのけられることになる区域であり、それによってこれらの区域は、部分的にまたはまったく燃焼できない。   The squeeze zone or squeeze edge (eg, at the piston head of the piston) is used, for example, to swirl a mixture of fuel and combustion air within the combustion chamber. The squeezed areas are the areas where the mixture will be displaced by the piston approaching the cylinder head of the combustion cylinder, so that these areas cannot be burned partially or at all.

好ましくは圧搾区域のような、特定の燃焼室への付加流体の意図的な噴射は、有効な燃焼室の拡大によって、より良好な実行率ひいては燃焼もしくはレシプロ式内燃機関のより良好な効率を可能にし、燃焼室内の付加的なチャージ運動とひいては、排ガスとして発生する炭化水素の削減をもたらす。   Intentional injection of additional fluid into a specific combustion chamber, preferably in the compression zone, allows for a better performance and thus better efficiency of combustion or reciprocating internal combustion engines by expanding the effective combustion chamber In addition, the additional charge movement in the combustion chamber leads to a reduction in hydrocarbons generated as exhaust gas.

本発明のさらなる一実施形態に従えば、付加流体として発火しにくいガスが、燃料（好ましくは高品質の発火しやすい燃料）と燃焼空気とからできた混合気の発火の間、燃焼室に注入される。   According to a further embodiment of the invention, a gas that is difficult to ignite as an additional fluid is injected into the combustion chamber during the ignition of a mixture of fuel (preferably high quality fuel that is easy to ignite) and combustion air. Is done.

本発明に係る方法のこのような構成に従えば、それによって、意図的に低品質の燃料を噴射もしくは注入でき、レシプロ式内燃機関の駆動コストの削減に貢献できる。   According to such a configuration of the method according to the present invention, it is possible to intentionally inject or inject fuel of low quality, which can contribute to reduction of driving cost of the reciprocating internal combustion engine.

さらに本発明のさらなる一実施形態に従えば、付加流体を燃焼室に注入するための下死点として、ピストンの動力行程にすぐ先立つ上死点の直後の下死点が選択される。つまり点火上死点直後の下死点が選択される。その際付加流体として好ましくは、排ガス後処理剤好ましくはアンモニアが、燃焼室に注入される。   According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the bottom dead center immediately after the top dead center immediately preceding the piston power stroke is selected as the bottom dead center for injecting additional fluid into the combustion chamber. That is, the bottom dead center immediately after the ignition top dead center is selected. At that time, an exhaust gas aftertreatment agent, preferably ammonia, is preferably injected into the combustion chamber as an additional fluid.

本発明に係る方法のこのような構成に従えば、レシプロ式内燃機関の排ガス内の窒素酸化物を還元するために意図され得るＳＣＲ（選択的触媒還元）触媒コンバータ、および／またはＳＣＲ触媒コンバータ手前の混合区間をなくすことができる。これは、付加物質による排ガス後処理の別形状にも当てはまる。   According to such a configuration of the method according to the invention, an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalytic converter and / or an SCR catalytic converter can be intended to reduce nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. The mixing section can be eliminated. This is also true for the different forms of exhaust gas aftertreatment with additional substances.

本発明は明確に、請求項の詳細な引用からの特徴の組み合わせによってもたらされていない実施形態にも拡大し、それによって本発明の開示された特徴は、それが技術的に合理的であるならば、任意に互いに組み合わされていてよい。   The invention clearly extends to embodiments that are not provided by a combination of features from the detailed citation of the claims, whereby the disclosed features of the invention are technically reasonable If so, they may be arbitrarily combined with each other.

以下において、本発明が、好ましい実施形態に基づいてかつ添付の図に関連して、より詳細に記述される。   In the following, the invention will be described in more detail on the basis of preferred embodiments and in connection with the attached figures.

レシプロ式内燃機関の燃焼シリンダの縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the combustion cylinder of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. 図１の線Ａ−Ａに沿って見た、図１の燃焼シリンダの横断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the combustion cylinder of FIG. 1 taken along line AA of FIG.

図１と図２から明らかなように、たとえば２サイクル方式あるいは４サイクル方式で作動するディーゼル機関あるいはオットー機関として形成されていてよい、本発明に係るレシプロ式内燃機関１（完全には図示されず）は、少なくとも１つの燃焼シリンダ１０を備え、当該燃焼シリンダ１０内に、ピストン２０が上死点ＯＴ（ピストンに付加的に２０．１の番号が付けられている）と下死点ＵＴ（ピストンに付加的に２０．２の番号が付けられている）との間で直線的に移動可能に受容されている。   As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, a reciprocating internal combustion engine 1 according to the present invention (not fully illustrated) which may be formed, for example, as a diesel engine or an Otto engine operating in a two-cycle or four-cycle system. ) Comprises at least one combustion cylinder 10 in which the piston 20 has a top dead center OT (the piston is additionally numbered 20.1) and a bottom dead center UT (piston). Are additionally movably received in a straight line.

燃焼シリンダ１０はシリンダヘッド１１を備え、当該シリンダヘッド１１内に、燃料・燃焼空気供給装置１２が受容されており、当該燃料・燃焼空気供給装置１２を介して燃料と燃焼空気とが燃焼シリンダ１０の燃焼室１３に投入可能である。   The combustion cylinder 10 includes a cylinder head 11. A fuel / combustion air supply device 12 is received in the cylinder head 11, and the fuel and the combustion air are exchanged via the fuel / combustion air supply device 12. The combustion chamber 13 can be charged.

燃料・燃焼空気供給装置１２は、たとえば燃料噴射ノズルと、１つあるいは複数の給気バルブとを備えてよい。   The fuel / combustion air supply device 12 may include, for example, a fuel injection nozzle and one or a plurality of supply valves.

燃焼シリンダ１０のシリンダヘッド１１には、その上、付加流体供給装置１４が受容されており、当該付加流体供給装置１４を介して付加流体ＺＦが、燃料や燃焼空気とは別に燃焼シリンダ１０の燃焼室１３に投入可能である。   In addition, an additional fluid supply device 14 is received in the cylinder head 11 of the combustion cylinder 10, and the additional fluid ZF is burned in the combustion cylinder 10 through the additional fluid supply device 14 separately from fuel and combustion air. It can be put into the chamber 13.

付加流体供給装置１４は、たとえば噴射ノズルを備えてよく、通常のレシプロ式内燃機関に追加装備するために、たとえば排気バルブ用に備えられた、シリンダヘッド１１の開口部もしくは通路内に設けられてよい。   The additional fluid supply device 14 may include, for example, an injection nozzle, and is provided in an opening or a passage of the cylinder head 11 provided for an exhaust valve, for example, to be additionally provided in a normal reciprocating internal combustion engine. Good.

以下に、図１と図２に関連して、レシプロ式内燃機関１を駆動するための、本発明に係る方法の実施形態が記述される。   In the following, an embodiment of the method according to the invention for driving a reciprocating internal combustion engine 1 will be described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.

本発明に従えば、レシプロ式内燃機関１の駆動方法は、少なくとも以下のステップを含んでいる。すなわち、燃料と燃焼空気とを燃焼させることによってピストン２０の動力行程を実現するために、燃料・燃焼空気供給装置１２によって燃料と燃焼空気とを燃焼シリンダ１０の燃焼室１３に投入するステップと、付加流体ＺＦによって燃焼に影響を及ぼすために、付加流体供給装置１４によって好ましくは燃料や燃焼空気とは異なる付加流体ＺＦを燃焼室１３に投入するステップと、であり、付加流体ＺＦは燃料や燃焼空気とは別に直接燃焼室１３に注入される。   According to the present invention, the driving method of the reciprocating internal combustion engine 1 includes at least the following steps. That is, in order to realize the power stroke of the piston 20 by burning the fuel and the combustion air, the step of introducing the fuel and the combustion air into the combustion chamber 13 of the combustion cylinder 10 by the fuel / combustion air supply device 12; In order to influence combustion by the additional fluid ZF, the additional fluid supply device 14 preferably inputs an additional fluid ZF different from fuel or combustion air into the combustion chamber 13, and the additional fluid ZF is fuel or combustion. Aside from air, it is directly injected into the combustion chamber 13.

本発明に係る方法の一実施形態に従えば、ピストン２０が下死点ＵＴ近くにあるときに、付加流体ＺＦが燃焼室１３に注入される。好ましくは、ピストン２０（２０．２）が下死点ＵＴにあるときに、付加流体ＺＦが燃焼室１３に注入される。   According to an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the additional fluid ZF is injected into the combustion chamber 13 when the piston 20 is near bottom dead center UT. Preferably, the additional fluid ZF is injected into the combustion chamber 13 when the piston 20 (20.2) is at the bottom dead center UT.

本発明に係る方法のさらなる一実施形態に従えば、付加流体ＺＦを燃焼室１３に注入するための下死点ＵＴとして、ピストン２０の圧縮行程と動力行程との間の点火上死点（ＯＴピストン２０の上死点）直前の下死点ＵＴが選択される。   According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the top dead center (OT) between the compression stroke and the power stroke of the piston 20 is used as the bottom dead center UT for injecting the additional fluid ZF into the combustion chamber 13. The bottom dead center UT just before the top dead center of the piston 20 is selected.

本発明に係る方法の一実施形態に従えば、ピストン２０の点火上死点直前の下死点ＵＴ（あるいはその近く）で、付加流体ＺＦとして、水が燃焼室１３に注入される。   According to an embodiment of the method of the present invention, water is injected into the combustion chamber 13 as an additional fluid ZF at (or near) the bottom dead center UT just before the ignition top dead center of the piston 20.

本発明に係る方法の代替的な一実施形態に従えば、燃料として発火しにくいガスが燃焼室１３に投入され、たとえば、ピストン２０の点火上死点直前の下死点ＵＴ（あるいはその近く）で、付加流体ＺＦとして、発火しやすいガスが燃焼室１３に注入される。   According to an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, a gas that is difficult to ignite as fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 13, for example, the bottom dead center UT just before the ignition top dead center of the piston 20 (or close to it). Thus, an easily ignitable gas is injected into the combustion chamber 13 as the additional fluid ZF.

本発明に係る方法の一実施形態に従えば、付加流体ＺＦは、燃焼室１３に流入する点火オイルの噴出、あるいは燃料と燃焼空気とからできた混合気を点火するために意図されている予熱室の火（図示されず）と部分的に重なり合うように、燃焼室１３に注入される。   According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the additional fluid ZF is a preheat intended for igniting a jet of ignition oil flowing into the combustion chamber 13 or a mixture of fuel and combustion air. It is injected into the combustion chamber 13 so as to partially overlap the chamber fire (not shown).

本発明に係る方法の一実施形態に従えば、付加流体ＺＦは、燃焼室１３の少なくとも１つの圧搾区域１３．１に向かって注入される。   According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the additional fluid ZF is injected towards at least one compressed zone 13.1 of the combustion chamber 13.

本発明に係る方法の代替的な一実施形態に従えば、付加流体ＺＦとして発火しにくいガスが、燃料（好ましくは価値が高く発火しやすい燃料）と燃焼空気とからできた混合気の発火の間、燃焼室１３に注入される。   According to an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, a gas that is difficult to ignite as the additional fluid ZF is an ignition of an air-fuel mixture made up of fuel (preferably fuel of high value and easy to ignite) and combustion air. In the meantime, it is injected into the combustion chamber 13.

本発明に係る方法のさらなる代替的な一実施形態に従えば、付加流体ＺＦを燃焼室１３に注入するための下死点ＵＴとして、点火上死点直後の下死点ＵＴが選択され、付加流体ＺＦとして好ましくは、好ましくはアンモニアのような排ガス後処理剤が、燃焼室１３に注入される。本発明に従えば、別の排ガス後処理剤が考えられ得る。   According to a further alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention, the bottom dead center UT immediately after the ignition top dead center is selected as the bottom dead center UT for injecting the additional fluid ZF into the combustion chamber 13 and is added. As the fluid ZF, an exhaust gas aftertreatment agent such as ammonia is preferably injected into the combustion chamber 13. According to the invention, other exhaust gas aftertreatment agents can be envisaged.

１ レシプロ式内燃機関
１０ 燃焼シリンダ
１１ シリンダヘッド
１２ 燃料・燃焼空気供給装置
１３ 燃焼室
１３．１ 圧搾区域
１４ 付加流体供給装置
２０ ピストン
２０．１ 上死点のピストン
２０．２ 下死点のピストン
ＺＦ 付加流体
ＯＴ 上死点
ＵＴ 下死点

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reciprocating internal combustion engine 10 Combustion cylinder 11 Cylinder head 12 Fuel and combustion air supply apparatus 13 Combustion chamber 13.1 Compression area 14 Additional fluid supply apparatus 20 Piston 20.1 Top dead center piston 20.2 Bottom dead center piston ZF Additional fluid OT Top dead center UT Bottom dead center

Claims (10)

その内部にピストン（２０）が、上死点（ＯＴ）と下死点（ＵＴ）との間で直線的に移動可能に受容されている、少なくとも１つの燃焼シリンダ（１０）を備えたレシプロ式内燃機関（１）の駆動方法であって、
燃料と燃焼空気とを燃焼させることによって前記ピストン（２０）の動力行程を実現するために、燃料と燃焼空気とを前記燃焼シリンダ（１０）の燃焼室（１３）に投入することと、
付加流体（ＺＦ）によって燃焼に影響を及ぼすために、該付加流体（ＺＦ）を前記燃焼室（１３）に投入することと、を含んだ方法において、
前記付加流体（ＺＦ）が燃料や燃焼空気とは別に直接前記燃焼室（１３）に注入されることを特徴とする方法。 A reciprocating type with at least one combustion cylinder (10) in which a piston (20) is received linearly movable between top dead center (OT) and bottom dead center (UT). A method for driving an internal combustion engine (1), comprising:
Injecting fuel and combustion air into the combustion chamber (13) of the combustion cylinder (10) to achieve a power stroke of the piston (20) by burning the fuel and combustion air;
Injecting the additional fluid (ZF) into the combustion chamber (13) to affect combustion by the additional fluid (ZF),
The method according to claim 1, wherein the additional fluid (ZF) is injected directly into the combustion chamber (13) separately from fuel and combustion air. 前記ピストン（２０）が下死点（ＵＴ）近くにあるときに、前記付加流体（ＺＦ）が前記燃焼室（１３）に注入されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。   The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13) when the piston (20) is near bottom dead center (UT). 前記ピストン（２０）が下死点（ＵＴ）にあるときに、前記付加流体（ＺＦ）が前記燃焼室（１３）に注入されることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の方法。   The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additional fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13) when the piston (20) is at bottom dead center (UT). 前記付加流体（ＺＦ）を前記燃焼室（１３）に注入するための下死点（ＵＴ）として、前記ピストン（２０）の動力行程にすぐ先立つ上死点（ＯＴ）直前の下死点（ＵＴ）が選択されることを特徴とする請求項２または３に記載の方法。   As a bottom dead center (UT) for injecting the additional fluid (ZF) into the combustion chamber (13), a bottom dead center (UT) just before top dead center (OT) immediately preceding the power stroke of the piston (20). The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that) is selected. 付加流体（ＺＦ）として水が前記燃焼室（１３）に注入されることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の方法。   Method according to claim 4, characterized in that water is injected into the combustion chamber (13) as additional fluid (ZF). 燃料として発火しにくいガスが前記燃焼室（１３）に投入され、かつ付加流体（ＺＦ）として発火しやすいガスが前記燃焼室（１３）に注入されることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の方法。   5. The gas according to claim 4, wherein a gas that is not easily ignited as fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber (13), and a gas that is easily ignited as an additional fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13). Method. 前記付加流体（ＺＦ）は、前記燃焼室（１３）に流入する点火オイルの噴出、または燃料と燃焼空気とからできた混合気を点火するために意図されている予熱室の火と部分的に重なり合うように、前記燃焼室（１３）に注入されることを特徴とする請求項１から６のいずれか一項に記載の方法。   The additional fluid (ZF) is partly emitted from the firing of the ignition oil flowing into the combustion chamber (13) or the fire of the preheating chamber intended to ignite a mixture of fuel and combustion air. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber is injected so as to overlap. 前記付加流体（ＺＦ）は、前記燃焼室（１３）の少なくとも１つの圧搾区域（１３．１）に向かって注入されることを特徴とする請求項１から７のいずれか一項に記載の方法。   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the additional fluid (ZF) is injected towards at least one compression zone (13.1) of the combustion chamber (13). . 付加流体（ＺＦ）として発火しにくいガスが、燃料と燃焼空気とからできた混合気の発火の間、前記燃焼室（１３）に注入されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。   The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a gas that is difficult to ignite as an additional fluid (ZF) is injected into the combustion chamber (13) during the ignition of a mixture of fuel and combustion air. 前記付加流体（ＺＦ）を前記燃焼室（１３）に注入するための下死点（ＵＴ）として、前記ピストン（２０）の動力行程にすぐ先立つ上死点（ＯＴ）の直後の下死点（ＵＴ）が選択され、かつ付加流体（ＺＦ）として排ガス後処理剤好ましくはアンモニアが、前記燃焼室（１３）に注入されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。   As a bottom dead center (UT) for injecting the additional fluid (ZF) into the combustion chamber (13), a bottom dead center immediately after a top dead center (OT) immediately preceding the power stroke of the piston (20) ( UT) is selected and an exhaust gas aftertreatment agent, preferably ammonia, is injected as an additional fluid (ZF) into the combustion chamber (13).
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