KR20110111912A - Compost pellet using food waste and process for fabricating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for composting food waste, and more particularly, to a method for preparing pellet compost by drying and compressing after reducing the salt and oil components in food waste. According to the present invention, the step of washing with water to reduce the salt in the food waste; Crushing, dehydrating and compressing the food waste; Refrigerating or freezing the food waste so as not to rot; Removing an oil component from the refrigerated or frozen food waste; Adding ocher to the food waste from which the oil component has been removed and mixing; And drying and compressing the mixture of the food waste and the loess to provide pellets. A method of manufacturing a pellet-type compost using food waste is provided.
The pellet-type compost using food waste according to the present invention is stored and moved in a frozen state, so food waste does not rot. In addition, animal oil is removed from the food waste, so there is no problem of sun protection and acidification of the soil. In addition, since it is manufactured in a pellet form, it can be easily sprayed using compressed air, and can control the decomposition rate of the compost by adjusting the mixing ratio, compression, and drying conditions of ocher and masato, so that it can be sprayed in advance in a heavy season.

Description

Pellet-type compost using food waste and its manufacturing method {compost pellet using food waste and process for fabricating the same}

The present invention relates to a method for composting food waste, and more particularly, to a method for preparing pellet compost by drying and compressing after reducing the salt and oil components in food waste.

Generally, food waste from homes and restaurants is collected separately and landfilled or incinerated. However, when food waste is reclaimed, food waste decays and odors are generated, and leachate is generated to pollute the soil. In addition, food waste occupies a large volume at the time of landfilling, which reduces the useful life of landfills. Moreover, residents living in the vicinity of landfills must always suffer from the odors resulting from food waste.

In addition, incineration of food waste is excessively expensive, and the dioxin generated at this time causes a fatal harm to the human body.

Therefore, a recycling facility has been constructed in various regions for refining food waste as compost. The representative method of making compost by treating such food waste in such a recycling facility is a method of treating food by fermentation.

This fermentation method has the advantage of reducing energy use because it can be made of high quality compost and only need to be insulated, but it takes a long time to decompose organic matters and needs to be aged for more than a few days to compost fermented food waste. There is this. In addition, the addition of a moisture regulator such as sawdust or chaff for the composting, as well as the need for microorganisms for fermentation, growth conditions for the growth of the microorganisms are relatively difficult and expensive processing.

In addition, before the food waste is fermented at the recycling facility, the food waste may decay in the process of being collected from a home or a restaurant and moved to the recycling facility, and the depleted food waste has a problem that the odor is reduced and the effect is reduced.

In addition, animal oil contained in food waste has a problem of blocking ultraviolet rays and acidifying the land.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, it is possible to prevent the corruption of food waste during the storage and movement of food waste, animal oil is removed from the food waste does not cause UV blocking, soil acidification problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pellet-type compost manufacturing method using food waste, and pellet-type compost using food waste.

The present invention comprises the steps of washing with water to reduce the salt in the food waste to achieve the above object; Crushing, dehydrating and compressing the food waste; Refrigerating or freezing the food waste so as not to rot; Removing an oil component from the refrigerated or frozen food waste; Adding ocher to the food waste from which the oil component has been removed and mixing; And it provides a method for producing a pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that it comprises a step of drying, compressing the mixture of the food waste and loess to make pellets.

In order to prevent damage to crops by animals or insects, it is preferable to add and mix the odorous substance disliked by the animals or insects in the step of mixing the loess into the food waste. The smelly substance that the animal hates includes, for example, feces of natural enemies.

In addition, in order to increase the decomposition rate of the pellets, it is preferable to add and mix Masato additionally in the step of mixing by adding ocher to the food waste.

In addition, there is provided a method for producing a pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that it further comprises the step of coating the pellets. Coating the pellets is preferably a step of coating the biodegradable starch or loess.

In addition, instead of coating the pellets, it is also possible to seal them by putting them in capsules.

In addition, in order to enhance the effect of a substance having a natural odor, it is also possible to make a hole in the surface of the pellet, and to insert a substance having a natural odor in the hole.

In addition, to control the fermentation rate of the pellet is also provided a method of sterilizing by irradiating the surface of the pellet with ultraviolet light.

Also provided are pellet-type compost using food waste, including washed, crushed and dehydrated food waste, ocher, masato, and scented materials disliked by animals or insects.

The pellet-type compost using food waste according to the present invention is stored and moved in a frozen state, so food waste does not rot. In addition, animal oil is removed from the food waste, so there is no problem of sun protection and acidification of the soil. In addition, since it is manufactured in a pellet form, it can be easily sprayed using compressed air. In addition, the decomposition rate of the compost can be controlled by adjusting the mixing ratio of the ocher and masato, compression and drying conditions can be sprayed in advance during the heavy season. In addition, it is possible to prevent it from being easily washed down in the rain and polluting the river. In addition, hydroponic cultivation can provide a steady amount of nutrients. In addition, when natural fragrance is added, it is possible to prevent damage to crops by animals or insects.

1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view of a food waste treatment apparatus used in the method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the milking machine used in the production method of pellet-type compost using food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a pellet-type compost produced by the method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a cross-sectional view of a pellet-type manufactured by the method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste according to another embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a perspective view of a pellet-type manufactured by the method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a method for producing a pellet-type compost using food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figure 1, the method for producing a pellet-type compost using food waste in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention begins with a step (S10) of washing with water to reduce the salt in the food waste. Food waste contains a large amount of salt used in the cooking of food. Since the salt contained in food waste can kill crops, it is necessary to wash it with water to lower its content.

Next, the washed food waste is crushed, dehydrated and compressed (S20). When the salt content in the food waste is 1% by weight, the salt content is reduced to 0.5 to 0.8% by weight when crushed and dehydrated.

Next, the food waste is refrigerated or frozen to prevent corruption (S30).

Figure 2 shows an example of the food waste treatment apparatus used in the method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention. The process proceeds from washing food waste to refrigeration or freezing through the food waste treatment apparatus 10.

With reference to FIG. 2, the steps of refrigeration or freezing from the step of washing food waste through the food waste treatment apparatus 10 will be described again.

First, the food waste is supplied to the dehydration container 12 through the inlet 11. When a command is input to operate the valve 14 and the motor 15 connected to the cold / hot water supply pipe 13 by operating a switch of an operation panel (not shown), cold water or hot water is supplied to rotate the cutter while washing the food waste ( 16) is crushed. When the supply of cold water or hot water is stopped, the water is dehydrated by the rotation of the dehydration container 12. Food waste, which is pulverized to a predetermined size or less while being dehydrated, is discharged to the through hole 17 of the dehydration container 12 and is supplied to the pressing unit through the outlet 18. When the shaft 19 of the crimp portion rotates, the food waste crushed by the screw 20 fixed to the shaft is conveyed forward while being pressed. Sewage coming out during the pressurization is discharged to the purification means 23 installed at the lower part of the pressurizing cylinder 22 through the sewage outlet 21, and only the food waste penetrates the discharge disk 24 installed in front of the pressurizing cylinder 22. Ejected into the hole. The discharged food waste is stored in the discharge drawer (25). During storage, since the inside of the discharge drawer 25 is kept refrigerated by a cooling means (not shown), it is possible to prevent food waste from decaying for a certain period of time, thereby preventing the generation of odor and propagation of bacteria.

Next, remove the oil component from the food waste stored refrigerated or frozen (S40). Food waste may contain large amounts of animal or vegetable oils, depending on the type. These oils, in particular animal oils, acidify the soil and block sunlight, adversely affecting crops. It is also one of the biggest sources of water pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to remove oil from food waste.

As a method of removing oil, general milking methods such as elution, compression and extraction can be used. Figure 3 shows an example of the milking machine 100 used in the production method of pellet-type compost using food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, the milking machine 100 used in the method of manufacturing pellet-type compost using food waste according to an embodiment includes a first housing 110 for compressing food waste and a first housing 110 for receiving food waste. 110 includes a piston 120 to move up and down inside. In addition, in the case of animal oil, since milking is difficult due to the presence of a solid state at room temperature by pressing, the heater 130 for heating the first housing 110 is spaced apart from the outside of the first housing 110 at regular intervals. It is installed in the second housing 140 wrapped in a closed state. The oil removed from the food waste passes through the through holes 111 formed in the bottom and side surfaces of the first housing 110 and then the milking machine 100 through the space between the first housing 110 and the second housing 140. After moving to the bottom of the) is removed through the outlet 141 formed in the second housing 140. The oil removed at this stage can be used as fuel through separate treatment.

Next, put the ocher, masato and natural odor in the food waste from which the oil is removed (S50). If the food waste is too large to mix, the grinder may be finely ground before mixing. Hereinafter, each component is demonstrated. First, the loess is explained. Ocher is a light and dark black soil produced by the decomposition of asbestos roughness, andesite, and granite by hydrothermal and weathering, and is a mineral belonging to Kaolin group clay having the chemical formula Al ₂ O ₃ 2SiO ₂ 2H ₂ O.

Ocher is formed by oxidizing and weathering the surface of Kaolin, which is a primary clay, and has a lot of iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) component, which is reddish, and tetrahedron and octahedron are formed 1: 1. Form a layer structure. This structural stability is harmless to the environment because of its low reactivity. The components of ocher can be divided into microbiological and chemical components, and in the former, it removes hydrogen peroxide, which shows toxins to the organism, and makes the soil suitable for the organism. Catalase has the highest activity. There are four kinds of enzymes, and proteases that hydrolyze proteins into amino acids when the nitrogen in the protein is mineralized. Each of these enzymes plays a role in toxin elimination, degradability, fertilizer elements and purification. Chemical components include various mineral particles such as quartz, feldspar, mica and calcite, and the ratio is 35 to 45% SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ 20-35%, Fe ₂ O ₃ It is known to be about 5 to 15%, MgO 2 to 3%, and Na ₂ O 1 to 2%.

Ocher is called a living organism because it emits a large amount of far-infrared rays necessary for the growth of animals and plants so that it is called a reservoir of solar energy. Due to the efficacy of the loess, far-infrared rays from the loess itself activate the physiology of the cells, restoring the dying contaminated rivers or the seas dying from red tide.

The minerals contained in the loess can adsorb anions and cations because of the charges occurring on their surface, and due to their unique porous structure, the large surface area of the clay minerals contained, heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, and suspended solids It can be applied to water purification action such as substance adsorption.

In the present invention, the loess serves as a binder capable of forming food waste into pellets. In addition, it serves to emit far infrared rays and to adsorb heavy metals.

Masato is a soil produced by the weathering of granite, and is widely used in field crops, landscaping plants, wildflowers, bonsai, and pollen because of its good drainage and breathability. In the present invention, masato is mixed with loess and serves to control the decomposition rate of the pellets. Increasing the amount of masato increases the rate of decomposition of the pellets, and conversely, decreasing the amount of masato decreases the rate of decomposition of the pellets. Therefore, by adjusting the amount of masato, it can be adjusted to decompose the pellet when the compost is required.

Natural fragrances protect crops from animals or insects that damage crops. For example, in order to protect crops from wild boar, elk, etc., it is possible to mix substances with the smell of natural enemies feared by wild boar, elk, etc. like tiger droppings. Also, in order to combat cockroaches and ants, the fragrance of ginkgo biloba or mint can be used.

In the case of compost used in home pots, etc., instead of adding a natural fragrance, the fragrance can be mixed to remove the odor of food waste.

Next, a mixture of food waste and loess is dried and compressed to make pellets (S60). The drying method is not particularly limited as long as the content of moisture can be properly adjusted. For example, food waste, ocher, masato, and natural odorant are added to the rotating drum, and then the hot air dryer is used to adjust the moisture content appropriately. Inside the drum, the rotary shaft having a mixing blade on its outer surface rotates in the opposite direction to the drum, thereby increasing drying efficiency. Next, the dried mixture of the moisture content is appropriately controlled is put into a pellet molding machine, compressed and then cut to make pellets. The pellet molding machine includes a case for compressing and conveying the dried mixture, and a cutter for cutting and pelletizing the mixture discharged to the outlet of the case through the conveying screw and the conveying screw.

Next, the surface of the pellet is irradiated with ultraviolet light (S70). In the method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste according to the present invention, the process after removing the oil from the food waste does not proceed to a frozen or refrigerated state, so the food waste is fermented to some extent. Therefore, microorganisms are present on the surface of the pellets. If the sterilization by irradiation with ultraviolet rays in such a state can delay the fermentation rate of the food waste, it is possible to control the fermentation state of the pellet-type compost.

Next, the surface of the pellet-type compost is coated to complete the pellet-type compost as shown in Figure 4 (S80). Inside the pellet-type compost, food waste 1, ocher and masato 3, and natural waste 2 are evenly mixed. By coating the surface, off-flavor can be prevented and the pellet-type compost is easy to handle. In addition, since the compost can delay the time for supplying nutrients to the soil until the coating layer is decomposed, there is an advantage that the pellet-type compost can be sprayed in advance during the season. As the surface coating layer 4, biodegradable starch or ocher is used. When used in home pots, etc., it is preferable to use a material dyed using natural materials as the coating layer. Finally, the completed pellet-type compost is vacuum packed (S90).

In the present embodiment, but described as coating the surface of the pellet-type compost, as shown in Figure 5, it is also possible to put the pellet-type compost in the capsule (5) that is decomposed over time to seal.

In addition, it was explained that the natural fragrance is introduced into the mixture. However, as shown in FIG. 6, in order to enhance the effect of the natural fragrance, a hole 6 is formed on the surface of the pellet-type compost, and the natural fragrance is formed in the hole. I can also add the material (2).

The method of using the pellet-type compost described above will be briefly described. Pellet-type compost can be controlled by UV sterilization, masato addition amount, degree of drying, surface coating, etc., to control the time taken to decompose and supply nutrients after spraying on the soil. Therefore, it is possible to spray in advance during the dry season. In addition, the conventional compost had to be sprayed by farmers all around the farmland, the pellet-type compost can be applied to the soil located at a distance using a spraying device using compressed air.

In the above, the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the technical idea of the present invention. Is obvious.

For example, although the form of the compost was described as a cylinder, it is obvious that the spherical compost can be produced as shown in Figure 7 according to the manufacturing method.

1: food waste 2: feces of natural enemies
3: ocher and masato 4: surface coating layer
5: capsule
10: food waste processing apparatus 100: milking machine

Claims (15)

In the compost processing method using food waste,
Washing with water to reduce salt in the food waste;
Crushing, dehydrating and compressing the food waste;
Refrigerating or freezing the food waste so as not to rot;
Removing an oil component from the refrigerated or frozen food waste;
Adding ocher to the food waste from which the oil component has been removed and mixing; And
Drying and compressing the mixture of food waste and ocher to produce pellets comprising the step of making pellets. The method of claim 1,
Removing oil components from the refrigerated or frozen food waste,
A method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that at least one method selected from the elution method, compression method and extraction method. The method of claim 1,
In order to prevent damage to crops by animals or insects, pellets using food wastes are characterized by additionally adding and mixing fragrant substances that animal or insects do not like in the step of adding ocher to the food wastes. Method of making compost. The method of claim 3,
The smelly substance that the animal does not like,
A method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that it is feces of natural enemies of the animal. The method of claim 1,
In order to remove the off-flavor, the method of producing a pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that the addition of fragrance in the step of mixing by adding ocher to the food waste. The method of claim 1,
In order to increase the decomposition rate of the pellet, the method of producing a pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that the addition of the masato additionally mixed in the step of mixing by adding ocher to the food waste. The method of claim 1,
After drying and compressing the mixture of food waste and loess to make pellets,
Method for producing a pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that it further comprises the step of coating the pellets. The method of claim 7, wherein
Coating the pellets,
Process for producing pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that the step of coating the decomposed starch or loess. The method of claim 7, wherein
The coating of the pellets is a method for producing pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that the coating using a dyeing coating material using a natural material. The method of claim 1,
After compressing and drying the mixture of food waste and loess to make pellets,
The method of manufacturing a pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that it further comprises the step of sealing the pellets into the capsule. The method of claim 1,
After compressing and drying the mixture of food waste and loess to make pellets,
Forming a hole in the surface of the pellet; And
The method of producing a pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that it further comprises the step of inserting a substance that smells like the animal or insect into the hole to prevent damage to the crop by the animal or insect. The method of claim 1,
After compressing and drying the mixture of food waste and loess to make pellets,
In order to slow down the fermentation rate of the pellet, the method of producing a pellet-type compost using food waste, characterized in that it further comprises the step of packaging the pellet after ultraviolet sterilization. Pellet-type compost using food waste that contains washed, crushed and dehydrated food waste, ocher, masato, and scented substances that are not desired by animals or insects. The method of claim 13,
Pellet-type compost using food waste further comprising a coating layer formed on the surface of the pellet-type compost. The method of claim 13,
Pellet-type compost using food waste further comprising a capsule for receiving and sealing the pellet-type compost.

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