KR102153020B1 - Manufacturing Method Of Organic Fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of organic fertilizer and, more specifically, to a manufacturing method of organic fertilizer, comprising: a mixing step of mixing 50 to 70% by weight of lime-treated compost, 20 to 40% by weight of poultry manure, and 5 to 10% by weight of microorganisms; a stirring step of adjusting the moisture content to 30-40% while stirring the mixture of the lime-treated compost, poultry manure, and microorganisms for 17 to 22 days; a post-ripening step of post-ripening the mixture in which the moisture content is adjusted for about 27 to 32 days; a drying step of drying the ripened mixture to a moisture content of 15 to 25%; and a crushing step of crushing the dried mixture. Accordingly, economical and eco-friendly organic fertilizers can be manufactured.

Description

Manufacturing Method Of Organic Fertilizer {Manufacturing Method Of Organic Fertilizer}

The present invention relates to a method for producing an organic fertilizer, and more particularly, a mixing step of mixing 50 to 70% by weight of lime-treated compost, 20 to 40% by weight of chicken meal, and 5 to 10% by weight of microorganisms, the lime-treated compost, chicken meal And a stirring step of adjusting the moisture content to 30 to 40% while stirring the mixture of microorganisms for 17 to 22 days, a post-ripening step of post-ripening the mixture with the adjusted moisture content for about 27 to 32 days, and the post-ripening mixture It relates to a method for producing an organic fertilizer comprising a drying step of drying so that the moisture content is 15 to 25% and a crushing step of crushing the dried mixture.

In general, organic wastes such as sewage and wastewater sludge and livestock manure are generally high in water content and are prone to perish. So, if they are buried in the ground, they can cause serious environmental pollution such as soil pollution and groundwater pollution by leachate, as well as a vast landfill. Need.

In addition, when organic waste is incinerated, air pollutants such as dioxins may be generated, and a large amount of fuel must be consumed in order to incinerate organic waste with high moisture content.

Various technologies have been studied in order to solve various problems caused by the landfill and incineration of organic wastes. For example, technologies of carbonizing organic wastes to recycle them as carbides, or to remove moisture from organic wastes to produce fertilizers, etc. Has been developed.

Looking at the process of manufacturing fertilizer using organic waste as a raw material, first, various organic wastes are crushed or mixed, and then hydrolyzed by mixing and stirring with quicklime in a sealed container. Thereafter, it is common to mix it with subsidiary materials such as sawdust and rice husk, stir to remove moisture, and artificially ferment it again to finally prepare compost.

However, this method has a limitation in completely removing wastewater, water vapor, and odors generated in the lime treatment process of organic waste, and in particular, sawdust used as a moisture control agent is not only very expensive, but also has a problem that its effectiveness as a moisture control agent is also poor. There was this.

On the other hand, Vietnam is a country with traditionally developed agriculture, and agriculture accounts for 85% of the total agricultural, forestry and fishery output, accounting for 11% for fisheries and 4% for forestry. In particular, agriculture plays a very important role in Vietnam's economy, contributing to Vietnam's exports, and it is competing for the world's first or second place in exports of rice, coffee, and pepper.

However, such agricultural growth in Vietnam is causing many environmental problems such as soil deterioration and water pollution due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals in recent years.Its outdated technology, low production efficiency and low quality products, weak food safety, and non-intensive Phosphorus supply chain network, weak product quarantine management and quality supervision are among the main causes of deteriorating agricultural production competitiveness in Vietnam.

Despite these environmental issues, the demand for fertilizers in Vietnam is steadily increasing, and brands of low-quality fertilizers and fake fertilizers are circulating in the market, which is not only damaging plant cultivation, but also severely adversely affecting the market distortion and the development of Vietnamese agriculture.

Accordingly, the Vietnamese government promulgated the 202/2013/ND-CP Act on the fertilizer management regulation, suggesting the necessary conditions for each process such as inspection and screening for production, import and export, and fertilizer quality control. It announced that it would reduce the use of organic farming methods such as organic fertilizers.

Accordingly, in the present invention, while satisfying various requirements required by foreign importers such as Vietnam, it has reached the development of eco-friendly organic fertilizers using organic waste.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2002-0005804

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an eco-friendly organic fertilizer manufacturing method using organic waste while satisfying various requirements required by overseas importers.

In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fertilizer manufacturing method using organic waste capable of sterilizing and insecticidal organic waste, while removing wastewater generated in the treatment process immediately during a reaction process and enabling a process of no wastewater discharge.

In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fertilizer manufacturing method using organic waste that can economically and efficiently produce a lime-treated fertilizer having a high organic matter content by using a moisture control agent and an excipient optimized for the process.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a mixing step of mixing 50 to 70% by weight of lime-treated compost, 20 to 40% by weight of chicken meal, and 5 to 10% by weight of microorganisms, a mixture of the lime-treated compost, chicken meal and microorganisms Stirring step of adjusting the moisture content to 30 to 40% while stirring for 17 to 22 days, the post-ripening step of ripening the mixture with the adjusted moisture content for about 27 to 32 days, the post-ripened mixture having a moisture content of 15 to 25 It provides a method for producing an organic fertilizer comprising a drying step of drying to be% and a crushing step of crushing the dried mixture. At this time, in the post-ripening step, it is preferable that 1 to 5% by weight of microorganisms are additionally added.

On the other hand, the lime-treated compost is a step of storing after crushing and sorting organic waste, a first moisture control step of mixing the stored organic waste with a moisture control agent, and a reaction by mixing the first moisture controlled organic waste with quicklime. It is preferable that it is prepared through a step of, a second moisture control step of mixing the organic waste mixed with the quicklime with an excipient, and a drying step of stirring and drying the second moisture controlled organic waste.

At this time, the moisture control agent is preferably a 1:1 mixture of sawdust and coco peat, and the excipient is preferably a part of the finished fertilizer reused after the drying step.

In addition, the reusable fertilizer may be subjected to an additional step of adding sawdust and microorganisms to the finished fertilizer, followed by stirring and drying, and more preferably, stabilization of naturally ripening in a separate aging room after the step of introducing the microorganisms. Additional steps may be taken.

The mixing amount of the moisture control agent added to the organic waste is preferably 4 to 6% by weight of the stored organic waste, and the mixing amount of the quicklime is preferably 20 to 30% by weight of the first moisture-controlled organic waste, and the excipient The mixing amount of is preferably 8 to 12% by weight of the organic waste mixed with the quicklime.

Meanwhile, the present invention provides an organic fertilizer including lime-treated compost, chicken meal, and microorganisms as an organic fertilizer prepared by the above-described method.

According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to manufacture an economical and eco-friendly organic fertilizer through a process of high organic matter content and no wastewater discharge using organic waste while satisfying various requirements required by foreign importers such as Vietnam.

1 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process of an organic fertilizer of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the lime treatment fertilizer used in the organic fertilizer of the present invention.
3 is a photograph showing the final organic fertilizer produced according to the present invention.
4A and 4B are comparative photos of the results of a heat radish growth experiment performed using the organic fertilizer of the present invention. (Control: general soil, treatment: mix the organic fertilizer of the present invention with general soil)

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments of the present invention and drawings. These examples are only illustratively presented to illustrate the present invention in more detail, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples. .

In addition, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, and in case of conflict, the present specification including definitions The description of will take precedence.

In order to clearly describe the invention proposed in the drawings, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar reference numerals are attached to similar parts throughout the specification. And, when a part "includes" a certain component, it means that other components may be further included rather than excluding other components unless specifically stated to the contrary. In addition, "unit" described in the specification means one unit or block that performs a specific function.

In each step, the identification code (first, second, etc.) is used for convenience of description, and the identification code does not describe the order of each step, and each step does not clearly describe a specific sequence in the context. It may be implemented differently from the order specified above. That is, each of the steps may be performed in the same order as the specified order, may be performed substantially simultaneously, or may be performed in the reverse order.

The organic fertilizer of the present invention is a mixing step of mixing 50 to 70% by weight of lime-treated compost, 20 to 40% by weight of chicken meal, and 5 to 10% by weight of microorganisms, and 17 to a mixture of the lime-treated compost, chicken meal and microorganisms. Stirring step of adjusting the moisture content to 30 to 40% while stirring for 22 days, post-ripening step of ripening the mixture with the adjusted moisture content for about 27 to 32 days, and making the post-ripened mixture have a moisture content of 15 to 25% It is prepared through a drying step of drying and a crushing step of crushing the dried mixture. Each step is examined in detail below.

First, the lime-treated compost used in the mixing step is sterilized and insecticidal compost by lime treatment of organic waste, preferably storing after crushing and selecting organic waste, mixing the stored organic waste with a moisture control agent. The first moisture control step, the step of reacting the first moisture-controlled organic waste with quicklime, the second moisture control step of mixing the organic waste mixed with the quicklime with an excipient, and the second moisture-controlled organic waste It is prepared through a drying step of stirring and drying.

The organic waste may be a variety of organic raw materials, such as vegetable residues, animal residues, as well as food waste. The prepared organic waste is first stored after the foreign matter is removed through crushing and sorting. At this time, the moisture content of the organic waste that has undergone the crushing and selection process is about 80 to 90% by weight.

The stored organic waste is transferred into the reactor and undergoes a mixing process with a series of additives.First, prior to a full-scale mixing reaction with quicklime, it goes through a process of mixing with a moisture control agent in order to primarily control moisture in the waste.

At this time, the moisture control agent is preferably a mixture of sawdust and coco peat in a ratio of 1 to 2: 1 (w/w). Sawdust is a moisture control agent that has been widely used as a moisture control agent in the past, and Coco peat is an organic particle made by crushing the fibers existing in the inner skin of the coconut to the surgical skin, and it is attracting attention in recent years because it has excellent moisture absorption.

The mixing amount of the moisture control agent to be added to the organic waste is preferably 6 to 10% by weight of the stored organic waste, and if it is less than this, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient moisture control effect, and if it is greater than this, the economy or efficiency of the overall process is degraded. It is preferable that the moisture content of the organic waste that has undergone the first moisture control step is 75 to 80% by weight.

The organic waste, whose moisture is primarily controlled, is mixed with quicklime in earnest to cause a hydrolysis reaction. At this time, the temperature in the reactor is maintained at 80~120℃ due to the reaction heat, so that the digestion and sterilization of organic matter, insecticidal action as well as odor Removal will take place. Specifically, the moisture contained in the organic waste is absorbed into the fine pores of the lime oxide, and heat is generated by slaking to form calcium hydroxide (CaOH) ₂ fine particles. Subsequently, calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO ₃ ) ₂ is produced, and a lot of reaction heat (chemical bonding (change, decomposition)) occurs at this time.

The above reaction heat plays three important functions. First, it promotes the activity of organic substances in organic waste to promote the formation of complex compounds of metal ions such as calcium. Second, it decomposes the component that is the source of the odor substance so that some of the decomposed odor substance forms a calcium compound. Finally, some moisture is evaporated by the temperature increase of the organic waste, and calcium hydroxide particles are uniformly dispersed and adsorbed to the organic material and calcium-organic compounds of the organic waste immediately after the reaction is completed, so it shows strong alkalinity (pH 11-12). Thus, sterilization and sterilization of organic waste is performed.

In particular, a detailed look at the process of odor removal, first, after the organic waste in a sol state is gelled, the weak odor component decomposed through the following reactions forms a calcium compound.

2(CH ₃ SH)+ CaO -> (CH ₃ S) ₂ Ca + H2O

2(RCOOH) + CaO -> (R-COO) ₂ Ca+ H2O

-S-(sulfur compound) + 2CaO -> CaS

In addition to such chemical deodorization methods, odors can be additionally removed through volatilization and physical deodorization. For volatilization, ammonia (NH ₃ ), hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), trimethylamine (CH ₃ ) ₃ N) are deodorized by a deodorizing device using ClO ₂ attached to the reactor. Physical deodorization is a method of adsorbing odorous substances remaining in organic waste onto granular structures.

The mixing amount of the quicklime is preferably 20 to 30% by weight of the organic waste controlled by the primary moisture, and if it is less than this, sufficient moisture digestion, sterilization, and insecticidal effects are difficult to come out. It is preferable that the moisture content of the organic waste passed through the mixing reaction step with quicklime is 50 to 60% by weight.

The organic waste that has undergone the quicklime mixing reaction is mixed with an excipient and undergoes a second moisture control step, and the excipient used at this time may be various excipients such as a mixture of sawdust and coco peat used in the first moisture control step, but is preferably Preferably, recycled excipients in which a portion of the final fertilizer produced according to the process of the present invention is reused may be used. At this time, the upper recycling excipient may be 100% of the final fertilizer, but as another example, 65 to 75% by weight of the final fertilizer and 25 to 35% by weight of the final fertilizer or humic acid may be used.

At this time, the amount of the excipient is preferably 8 to 12% by weight of the organic waste mixed with the quicklime. If it is less than this, it is difficult to obtain sufficient moisture control effect, and if it is greater than this, the economic feasibility or efficiency of the overall process is deteriorated. As described above, the moisture content of the organic waste that has been subjected to the second moisture control step is preferably 50 to 55% by weight.

On the other hand, the reusable fertilizer may be used after adding sawdust and microorganisms to the finished fertilizer, followed by stirring and drying. Through this process, it is possible to increase the water absorption capacity of the fertilizer and further increase the productivity of the finally produced fertilizer.

It is preferable that 4 to 6% by weight of the reusable fertilizer is added to the input sawdust and microorganisms, and it is preferable to undergo a stirring and drying process for about 5 to 15 days after the addition.

At this time, as the microorganism, various beneficial microorganisms commercially used in agricultural crops may be used, and if necessary, grape fermentation extract may be additionally added together with the microorganism in order to suppress the expression of microorganisms harmful to plants as much as possible. In this case, the input amount of the grape fermentation extract is preferably 1 to 30% by weight of the amount of microorganisms to be introduced.

When grapes are fermented under certain conditions, fermented extracts containing humus bacteria are produced, which not only promotes the growth of crops, but also has the effect of controlling pests, thereby increasing the productivity of the crops as well as improving the soil quality. have.

The fermentation extract contains grape residues including grape seeds, skins, and stems obtained from grapes under aerobic conditions, more specifically, while maintaining an acidity (pH) of 5.5 to 7.0 at a humidity of 57 to 84% and a temperature of 40 to 60°C. Fermented for ~3 weeks can be used, and it is preferable to use the ones stabilized at 50 to 75°C for 30 to 40 hours after removing sugar and alcohol, rather than using the fermented grape residue immediately.

Meanwhile, it is preferable to additionally undergo a stabilization step of naturally aging for about 15 to 25 days in a separate aging room for the fertilizer for which the process of introducing sawdust and microorganisms is completed, and the quality of the recycled excipient can be further improved through this process. .

As described above, the organic waste that has gone through the second moisture control step is transferred to an agitating dryer, passed through a drying step, and finally prepared as a lime treated fertilizer, and some are reused as an excipient as described above. It is preferable that the moisture content of the organic waste passed through the drying step is 40 to 45% by weight.

Meanwhile, in the drying step, a secondary chemical reaction may be repeated. According to the stirring operation intermittently operated by a rotary stirred dryer installed in the sludge drying bed, water is evaporated to generate calcium salt, which is a major element that increases the sugar content, and carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide in the air as shown in the following formula Calcium carbonate is produced by chemical reaction with calcium hydroxide and calcium bicarbonate in organic waste. Calcium carbonate is a poorly soluble material with strong adsorption power, so it forms a film on the surface and plays an important role in converting fast-acting fertilizers into slow-acting fertilizers.

Ca(0H) ₂ + CO ₂ -> CaCO ₃ + H ₂ O

Ca(HCO ₃ ) ₂ -> CaCO ₂ + H ₂ O + CO ₂

On the other hand, in order to prevent the introduction of harmful bacteria that may be present into the reactor before part of the prepared fertilizer is reused as an excipient, a microwave irradiation step may be additionally performed before introducing sawdust and microorganisms.

Microwave is an electromagnetic wave that has a wavelength and frequency between radio waves and infrared rays, and the wavelength is usually 1cm to 100cm. In particular, microwaves having a frequency in the 2 to 4 GHz band are close to the natural frequency of water (H2O) molecules, so when the microwaves in the band are irradiated to the water molecules, the water molecules rotate strongly, which causes vibration and friction energy to be generated, resulting in a temperature increase. As a result, the thermal sterilization effect can be obtained, and the sterilization effect can be obtained by the microwave destroying the cell membrane of bacteria even non-thermally.

The lime-treated fertilizer thus prepared is subjected to a mixing step of mixing with chicken meal and microorganisms. Quail meal may be used as the chicken meal.

The poultry is an excellent fertilizer resource because it contains organic substances, and it is rich in organic matter and contains a large amount of elements necessary for crops, thereby improving the fertility of the soil, improving the soil structure, and strengthening the sustainable production capacity of the soil. Have.

In particular, because the intestines of chickens are short, their ability to digest and absorb feed is poor, so about 70% of the undigested feed is discharged into feces. According to the analysis, naturally dried chicken meal contains about 26% crude protein, which is 57~66% of soybean meal. In addition, amino acids in proteins are also relatively complete, especially lysine (0.51%), methionine and cystine. In addition, chicken manure contains abundant group B vitamins, minerals and trace elements.

Although the chicken meal is an excellent organic fertilizer, it must be fermented well before use or dried at high temperature to be detoxified. Fertilization of chicken manure treated with detoxification improves the fertilizer effect and increases the duration of fertilization, thereby improving the production of crops, increasing the organic content in the soil, reducing soil hardening due to the use of chemical fertilizers, and Improve the structure.

Looking at the methods of detoxifying treatment, the drying method uses a drying machine to dry for 12 hours at 70℃, 1 hour at 140℃, and 30 minutes at 180℃, and even rice bran or bran (total 20 ~30%) is sprayed and dried in the sun, then dirt is removed, and the bag is placed in a dry place and stored in a dry place.

In the fermentation method, chicken meal and other feed are mixed in a certain ratio and then fermented. 35% raw chicken meal, 35% rice bran or wheat straw powder, and 30% finely chopped green feed are evenly mixed and then sprinkled with clear water to contain about 60% moisture. Put it in a jar or in a cut nail, tread it tightly, seal it tightly with plastic, and let it ferment for about 5 days. It can be used as feed when chicken meal turns yellow-green and smells like sake lees. In summer, the fermentation time can be shortened. Or, add an appropriate amount of bran to the raw meal, add 10% sake lees and 10% water, mix evenly, put it in a fermentation nail or jar, ferment it for 10-20 hours, and then sterilize it with steam at 100℃ to make feed. have.

In the silo method, 50-60% of livestock is mixed with finely chopped green corn straw, flowers and grasses, tuber and tuber feed 25%, and 10% bran, and the water content is adjusted to about 60%, then silo. Alternatively, you can put it in a pit and seal it tightly by stepping on it with your feet, then take it out after 30 to 45 days and feed it to cattle, sheep and pigs.

In the chemical method, formalin is added to 0.5~0.7% of the dry matter weight of the chicken meal, and then covered with a lid and left for 1 to 3 hours. When feeding, 5% molasses feed and thick feed should be added in an appropriate amount and fed to cattle or sheep with sedge.

The prepared chicken meal is mixed with the above-described lime-treated compost and commercially available microorganisms, and then subjected to a process of adjusting the moisture content to 30 to 40% while stirring for 17 to 22 days. The mixture in which the moisture content is adjusted is subjected to a post-ripening step of post-ripening at room temperature for about 27 to 32 days, and finally, a drying step of drying so that the moisture content of the post-ripened mixture is 15 to 25%. The dried mixture is finally packaged and transported through crushing and sorting steps. At this time, in the post-ripening step, 1 to 5% by weight of microorganisms may be additionally added to facilitate the post-ripening process.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Example]

After mixing 60% by weight of lime-treated compost, 30% by weight of chicken meal, and 10% by weight of microorganisms, the moisture content was adjusted to 35% while stirring for 20 days. After the mixture having the adjusted moisture content was aged at room temperature for 30 days, it was dried to a moisture content of 20% using a brush. The dried mixture was crushed to finally obtain an organic fertilizer of FIG. 3.

[Experimental Example 1]

A comparative experiment was carried out in a pot with an organic fertilizer prepared in the Examples in a ratio of 10:1 to general soil and a control group consisting of only general soil. The treatment amount was treated on the basis of 800kg/200 pyeong, and water was supplied for 70 days after planting on 14 days after fertilization, and the results are shown in Table 1 below and FIGS. 4a and b.

[Experimental Example 2]

A comparison experiment of cabbage crops was performed in the field with the treatment group and the control group of Experimental Example 1. The test site was treated in Wonju, Gangwon-do on the basis of 1000kg/200 pyeong, and water was supplied for 60 days after fertilization 14 days after fertilization. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

As can be seen from the above experimental example, it was confirmed that the growth rate of the crop was significantly increased when the organic fertilizer of the present invention was treated.

The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments and description described above, and any person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains without departing from the gist of the present invention claimed in the claims can implement various modifications. And, such modifications are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (3)

Mixing step of mixing 50 to 70% by weight of lime-treated compost, 20 to 40% by weight of chicken meal, and 5 to 10% by weight of microorganisms; A stirring step of adjusting the moisture content to 30-40% while stirring the mixture of the lime-treated compost, chicken meal, and microorganisms for 17 to 22 days; Post-ripening step of post-ripening for 27 to 32 days by additionally adding 1 to 5% by weight of microorganisms to the mixture in which the moisture content is adjusted; A drying step of drying the ripened mixture to a moisture content of 15 to 25%; And a crushing step of crushing the dried mixture; and
The lime-treated compost comprises the steps of storing after crushing and sorting organic waste; A first moisture control step of mixing the stored organic waste with a moisture control agent; Mixing and reacting the first moisture-controlled organic waste with quicklime; A second moisture control step of mixing the organic waste mixed with the quicklime with an excipient; And the step of stirring and drying the second moisture-controlled organic waste; Including,
The moisture control agent is a mixture of sawdust and coco peat in a ratio of 1:1 to 2 (w/w), and the mixing amount of the moisture control agent is 6 to 10% by weight of the stored organic waste,
The excipient is a mixture of 65 to 75% by weight of fertilizer and 25 to 35% by weight of peatmus or humic acid, and the amount of the excipient is 8 to 12% by weight of the organic waste mixed with quicklime %ego,
The fertilizer used in the excipient may include a microbial input step of stirring and drying after additionally adding sawdust and microbes; And a stabilizing step of naturally ripening in a separate maturation chamber after the step of introducing the microorganisms. delete delete

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