KR20110106560A - 2-axis solar tracker system with bldc motor and hall sensor feedback based on time - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic tracking system for photovoltaic power generation, and to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, by simultaneously adjusting the altitude angle in the north-south direction and the azimuth in the east-west direction by using a BLDC motor and a hall sensor, the present time The present invention relates to a two-axis solar tracking system using BLDC motor driving and hall sensor position feedback based on the current time, which tracks sunlight in real time.
According to the present invention, a two-axis solar tracking system of BLDC motor driving and hall sensor position feedback based on the current time includes: brushless DC motors 320 and 420 and two solar panels 100. A driving unit (300, 400) for turning in the axial direction; and a control panel (200) for calculating the position of the sun according to the current time and controlling the driving units (300, 400) according to the calculated position of the sun; and And a tracker mechanism 500 that connects the driving units 300 and 400 to the solar panel 100 to pivot the solar panel 100 in two axial directions, and the operation panel 200 includes the BLDC motor. The rotational positions of the 320 and 420 are fed back through a hall sensor.

Description

2-axis solar tracking system based on current time based on BCD motor drive and Hall sensor position feedback {2-AXIS SOLAR TRACKER SYSTEM WITH BLDC MOTOR AND HALL SENSOR FEEDBACK BASED ON TIME}

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic tracking system of photovoltaic power generation, and more specifically, to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, using a BLDC motor and a hall sensor, the solar panel, the north-south direction according to the altitude of the sun The present invention relates to a two-axis solar tracking system using a BLDC motor driving and hall sensor position feedback method based on the current time, which tracks sunlight in real time by simultaneously adjusting the elevation angle and the azimuth angle according to the sun's orientation.

While the use of energy is increasing due to the development and economic development of modern industries, existing fossil energy is limited, causing environmental pollution and global warming, therefore, the development of alternative energy is urgent, and especially eco-friendly renewables. The development of energy is important. As a part of these renewable energies, many researches and developments have been made on power generation systems using solar energy, but much needs to be supplemented. The sun changes its altitude angle according to the season and the day due to the revolution of the earth, and its azimuth angle changes according to the time of day during the day due to the rotation of the earth, and the power generation efficiency is lowered in the fixed solar power system in which the solar panels are fixed in one direction. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of the solar power generation system, the development of a technology for adjusting the solar panel according to the incident direction of the solar light is actively being made.

 However, the conventional single-axis system has a problem in that the solar panel is rotated using a drive motor for the azimuth angle of the sun that changes according to the rotation of the earth, and there is a problem in that it cannot optimally cope with the elevation angle of the sun that changes according to the earth's revolution. In addition, a system for calculating an optimal altitude and azimuth angle while turning the illuminance sensor by using the drive motor for the illuminance sensor and turning the solar panel using the drive motor for the solar panel according to the calculated angle is known. In order to calculate the altitude and azimuth angles, the illuminance sensor must be continuously moved to compare the illuminance values. Even if the optimal altitude and azimuth angles are calculated, the azimuth sensor continuously changes as time goes by, There is a problem of repeatedly calculating and transmitting the elevation angle and the azimuth angle, and there is a problem that the driving motor is overloaded or frequently occurs.

In addition, there is a need for an automatic control function that automatically turns the solar panel according to the direction of sunlight in real time without any problem even after the administrator is absent after the initial installation, and there is a need for the administrator to be able to monitor and control at a long distance. .

In order to solve the above problems and to obtain the optimal power generation efficiency according to the change in the position of the sun according to the revolution and rotation of the earth, to provide a solar tracking system that is linked and controlled in two directions in real time in accordance with the present invention Purpose. In addition, to facilitate the maintenance of the solar tracking device, to eliminate the inconvenience of the administrator must set the initial power supply, and to solve the reduction in power generation efficiency due to the cumulative error of the drive motor.

In addition, to provide a system capable of system monitoring (control) and control in the near and far distance.

In order to realize the above object, according to the present invention, in the two-axis solar tracking system of the BLDC motor drive and hall sensor position feedback method based on the current time, brushless DC motor (320, 420) A driving unit (300,400) for pivoting the solar panel (100) in two axial directions; and calculating the position of the sun according to the current time, and the driving unit (300) according to the calculated position of the sun. , Operation panel 200 for controlling 400; And a tracker mechanism 500 that connects the driving units 300 and 400 to the solar panel 100 to pivot the solar panel 100 in two axial directions. The control panel 200 includes a hall sensor. Through the feedback of the rotation position of the BLDC motor (320, 420) through (feed back).

Preferably, the control panel 200, LCD (liquid crystal display) unit 210 for outputting the main items of the solar tracking system on the screen; tracks the position of the sun and controls the BLDC motor Microcontroller unit (MCU) 220; an internal memory 230 for storing the operation mode and software of the solar tracking system; and a real time clock (RTC) unit 240 for maintaining a current time in real time. And a communication unit 250 that enables communication with an external device for remote control and addition of a function.

Preferably, the RTC unit 240 is equipped with a small amount of battery itself, even if the power supply to the operation panel 200 is stopped, to maintain the current time when the power supply again.

Preferably, the MCU 220 calculates the altitude and azimuth through the position tracking calculation of the sun, and controls the BLDC motors 320 and 420 by PWM (pulse width modulation) method, and the BLDC motor ( Receive position feedback of 320 and 420.

Preferably, the communication unit 250 is equipped with an RS-232 communication port for short-range communication and an RS-485 communication port for long distance communication.

Advantageously, said location tracking calculation and software employs a C language based algorithm.

Preferably, the driving mode includes a manual mode in which an administrator manually controls the solar panel 100 at a desired angle through an external input means and remotely; and a solar panel in an emergency such as sunset or strong wind. In order to protect 100, the protection mode for keeping the solar panel 100 horizontally to the ground; and automatically turns the solar panel 100 according to the sun tracking calculation, and switches to the protection mode at sunset Automatic mode; is included.

Preferably, the driving unit (300, 400), the motor driver (motor driver) 310, 410 for driving the BLDC motor (320, 420); and the motor driver (motor driver) (310, 410) BLDC motors 320 and 420 driven under the control of the < RTI ID = 0.0 >), < / RTI > and cylinders 330 and 430 connected to the BLDC motors 320 and 420 to pivot the solar panel 100.

Preferably, the motor drivers 310 and 410 rotate the BLDC motors 320 and 420 in the forward or reverse direction or stop the rotation according to the information received from the operation panel 200. The rotational speed of the 320 and 420 is adjusted, the feedback position of the BLDC motors 320 and 420 is fed back through a hall sensor, and transmitted to the MCU 220 of the operation panel 200 as a pulse signal, and the BLDC motor ( In case of abnormality of 320 and 420, an alarm is transmitted to the operation panel 200 to generate an alarm and a stop signal is sent to the BLDC motors 320 and 420.

Preferably, the BLDC motors 320 and 420 are driven by receiving a voltage signal from the motor drivers 310 and 410, and the BLDC motors 320 and 420 rotate one revolution per 18 pulses, and the BLDC motor 320 , The gear ratio of the reduction gear connected to 420 is 12.5: 1 so that the reduction gear per 12.5 revolutions of the BLDC motors 320 and 420 is rotated once.

Preferably, the cylinders 330, 430 move at 1.7-2.3 mm / s in one revolution of the reduction gear.

Preferably, the angular range of the solar panel is controlled from 25 degrees to 155 degrees and the altitude is controlled from 10 degrees to 90 degrees.

As described above, according to the present invention, the two-axis solar tracking system of the BLDC motor-cylinder drive and Hall sensor position feedback method based on the present time, even when the power supply is cut off, the current time is supplied again. As it can operate without initial setting, it reduces the manager's anxiety about power off, and there is little error by feedback of motor's position, and the error does not accumulate. It can operate without cumulative error within a small error range, and a protection mode is provided to protect the solar panel in case of emergency and stop the motor in case of sunset or strong wind, so that it can maintain stable and economical solar power system operation. have.

1 is a schematic assembly diagram illustratively showing an example of a solar tracking system according to the present invention.
2 is a schematic block diagram showing the internal configuration and driving principle of the operation panel, drive unit and tracker mechanism unit included in the solar tracking system according to the present invention.
3 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an example of an elevation angle control link unit of the solar tracking system according to the present invention.
4 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an example of an azimuth control link unit of the solar tracking system according to the present invention.
5 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an example of a solar panel support of the solar tracking system according to the present invention.
6 is a flow chart showing the principle of BLDC motor position feedback using a hall sensor in a solar tracking system according to the present invention.
7 is a view showing the altitude angle control in the solar tracking system according to the present invention.
8 is a view showing azimuth adjustment in the solar tracking system according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 exemplarily illustrates an embodiment of the present invention, wherein solar panels 100 are installed in a frame 600 through an elevation link portion 510 and an azimuth link portion 520. An operating panel 200 for controlling the altitude and azimuth for light tracking is also provided in the frame 600. Here, the solar panel 100 is a module composed of a plurality of solar cells, but four solar panels 100 are installed in this drawing, but these are exemplary and may be increased according to the scale of solar power generation. It is a matter of course that the frame 600 should also be designed to sufficiently support the solar panels 100 according to the installation location and the power generation scale.

Figure 2 shows the internal configuration and driving principle of the control panel 200, the altitude angle driving unit 300, the azimuth driving unit 400 and the tracker mechanism unit 500 included in the solar tracking system according to the present invention. The control panel 200 includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit 210, a micro controller unit (MCU) 220, an internal memory 230, a real-time clock (RTC) unit 240, a communication unit 250, and the like. This includes. The LCD unit 210 displays time status, driving mode, azimuth and altitude, etc., and the MCU 220 calculates and processes altitude and azimuth through the position tracking calculation of the sun, and the altitude and azimuth driving unit 300. By transmitting the speed voltage V to the motor drivers 310 and 410 of the 400, the drive motors 320 and 420 are controlled by a pulse width modulation (PWM) method, and the cylinders 330 and 430 move forward or backward. The solar panel 100 is rotated up, down, left, and right through the link units 510 and 520, and the MCU 220 receives position feedback of the driving motors 320 and 420. The internal memory 230 includes a driving mode and software, and stores the number of pulses rotated by the driving motors 320 and 420. The RTC unit 240 is equipped with a small amount of rechargeable battery, and maintains the current time even if the power supply to the operation panel 200 is stopped, and when the power is supplied to the operation panel 200 again, the time passed accurately counts the current time. This allows you to apply it right away. The communication unit 250 provides an RS-232 port and an RS-485 port for short-range and long-distance communication. The RS-232 is used to install software or add a function to a notebook, for example, and RS-485 It is used to monitor the current operation status, altitude and azimuth, and to control the operation mode by accessing the remote hyper terminal method from a remote location, not a site.

Meanwhile, the driving mode includes a manual mode, an automatic mode, and a protection mode. In the manual mode, an administrator may control the driving unit manually by using an external input means, for example, an input key, to adjust the altitude and azimuth angles, even at a remote location. Manual adjustment is possible. In automatic mode, the unit automatically tracks sunlight based on the current time, with parameters such as latitude, longitude, time, and date of the installation area, entered during initial instrument installation. In the protection mode, the solar panels are kept level on the ground to protect the solar panels during sunset or in high winds. The automatic mode is switched to automatic mode at the time of initial setting and is equipped with two limit switches per drive cylinder to set the zero point for sunrise and sunset, return to origin at sunrise, and protect at sunset. The mode is switched. In addition, the conversion of the modes may be performed in the operation panel 200 by the administrator, or may be made by remote communication through the communication unit 250. The sun tracking calculation or software preferably uses a C language based algorithm.

The motor drivers 310 and 410 of the driving units 300 and 400 drive the driving motors 320 and 420 according to the information received from the control panel 200 through an interface with the control panel 200. It rotates the motor 320, 420 in the forward or reverse direction, or stops the rotation, and adjusts the rotational speed of the drive motor (320, 420). In addition, the feedback of the movement position of the drive motor through the hall sensors of the drive motor (320, 420) is sent back to the MCU 220 of the control panel 200 as a pulse signal, the drive motor (320, 420) In case of abnormality, transmits an abnormality to the operation panel 200 to generate an alarm, and sends a stop signal to the driving motors 320 and 420.

The driving motors 320 and 420 are driven by receiving a voltage signal from the motor drivers 310 and 410, and move the cylinders 330 and 430 forward or backward through the reduction gear and the screw, thereby linking the links 510 and 520. The solar panel is rotated to adjust the altitude and azimuth angle in real time. As the drive motors 320 and 420, it is preferable to use a brushless DC motor having a large torque and advantageous for maintenance. The drive motor rotates once per 18 pulses, and the gear ratio of the reduction gear is 12.5. It is preferable to set it as 1: 1 reduction gear is made to rotate 12.5 of a drive motor. On the other hand, it is preferable that the cylinders 330 and 430 of the driving units 300 and 400 move at 1.7-2.3 mm / s in one rotation of the reduction gear. In preparation for when the rotation speed of the driving motors 320 and 420 is large or small due to the inertia, the internal memory 230 of the operation panel 200 is used to calculate the number of pulses rotated by the driving motors 320 and 420. Store in That is, the number of current pulses rotated by the drive motors 320 and 420 is sensed by the hall sensor, fed back to the motor drivers 310 and 410, and sent to the operation panel 200 to be driven by the rotation of the drive motors 320 and 420. The number of pulses is stored in the internal memory 230.

Meanwhile, the link parts 510 and 520 of the tracker mechanism part 500 are connected to the cylinders 330 and 430 of the driving parts 300 and 400, and rotate as the cylinders 330 and 430 move forward. At the same time, the solar panel 100 connected to the link unit is rotated. A detailed structure thereof is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, which are exemplary but not limited thereto.

3 shows an elevation link unit 510, FIG. 4 illustrates an azimuth link unit 520, and FIG. 5 illustrates a solar panel 100 and a solar panel support unit 110 connected to the azimuth link unit. ) Is shown.

3 to 5, the pedestal 511 of the elevation angle link unit 510 is fixed on the frame and is designed to sufficiently support the loads of the solar panels 100 and the link units 510 and 520. One end 523 of the azimuth link unit 520 is connected to both ends 513 of the left and right sides, respectively. In addition, the elevation pin 512 of the elevation link unit 510 is pivotally connected to the elevation cylinder 330, so that the elevation angle link unit 510 is moved in accordance with the forward and backward movement of the elevation angle cylinder 330. In the pedestal 511, the turning motion in the direction of arrow "A" of FIG.

Meanwhile, the azimuth link portion 520 of FIG. 4 connected to the left and right ends 513 of the elevation angle link portion 510 rotates together in the direction of arrow "A" according to the turning of the elevation angle link portion 510, and the azimuth pin 522 is pivotally connected to the azimuth cylinder 430 so that the azimuth link unit 520 pivots in the direction of arrow "B" in FIG. 4 as the azimuth cylinder 430 moves forward and backward. Therefore, the azimuth link unit 520 is simultaneously rotated by the altitude driving motor 320 and the azimuth driving motor 420 in the arrow "A" direction and the arrow "B" direction.

One end 111 of the solar panel support 110 shown in FIG. 5 is connected to the upper and lower end portions 521 of the azimuth link portion 520, respectively. 100) turns together. That is, the solar panel 100 is rotated up, down, left, and right through the cylinders 330 and 430 and the link units 510 and 520 of the driving unit by the elevation driving motor 320 and the azimuth driving motor 420. In order to obtain the optimal power generation efficiency, the control panel 200 is controlled to change the altitude and azimuth angle of the sun. In addition, in order to protect the solar panel 100 during an emergency such as sunset or strong wind, the solar panel 100 is turned to be horizontal to the ground (protection mode).

Figure 6 shows a flow chart for tracking the sunlight in the solar tracking system according to the present invention.

7 and 8 show a mechanism for adjusting the elevation angle and azimuth angle, respectively, in FIG. 7, the elevation angle driving motor 320 moves the elevation angle cylinder 330 forward or backward through the reduction gear and the screw, Each cylinder 330 moves the elevation pin 512 to rotate the elevation link unit 510 to adjust the elevation angle of the solar panel 100. In FIG. 8, the azimuth drive motor 420 moves the azimuth cylinder 430 forward or backward through the reduction gear and the screw, and the azimuth cylinder 430 moves the azimuth pin 522 to rotate the azimuth link unit 520. The azimuth angle of the solar panel 100 is adjusted.

The foregoing description and drawings are illustratively illustrated and described with respect to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, and such modifications are included in the scope of the present invention. It must be understood.

Claims (12)

BLDC motor drive and hall sensor position feedback method based on current time, 2-axis solar tracking system,
A drive unit including a brushless DC motor and rotating the solar panel in two axial directions;
An operation panel for calculating a position of the sun according to a current time and controlling the driving unit according to the calculated position of the sun; And
And a tracker mechanism unit connecting the driving unit and the solar panel to pivot the solar panel in two axial directions.
And the operation panel receives feedback of the rotational position of the BLDC motor through a hall sensor.
The method of claim 1,
The operation panel,
An LCD (liquid crystal display) unit for outputting main items of the solar tracking system on a screen;
A microcontrollet unit (MCU) for tracking and calculating the position of the sun and controlling the BLDC motor;
An internal memory storing an operation mode and software of the solar tracking system;
RTC (real time clock) to maintain the current time in real time;
And a communication unit for enabling communication with an external device for remote control and addition of a function.
The method of claim 2,
The RTC unit is equipped with a small amount of battery by itself, even if the power supply to the operation panel, the two-axis solar tracking system, characterized in that to maintain the current time when the power supply again.
The method of claim 2,
The MCU calculates the altitude and azimuth through the position tracking calculation of the sun, controls the BLDC motor by pulse width modulation (PWM), and receives rotational position feedback of the BLDC motor, 2 3-axis solar tracking system.
The method of claim 2,
The communication unit, a two-axis solar tracking system, characterized in that for mounting the communication port of the RS-232 communication port for short-range communication and the RS-485 method for long-distance communication.
The method of claim 2,
Wherein said position tracking calculation and software is based on a C language based algorithm.
The method of claim 2,
The driving mode is.
A manual mode in which the administrator manually controls the solar panel at a desired angle through an external input means and remotely;
A protection mode that keeps the solar panel horizontally to the ground to protect the solar panel during sunset or in emergencies such as strong winds;
And an automatic mode that automatically turns the solar panel according to the position tracking calculation of the sun, and switches to a protected mode at sunset.
The method of claim 1,
The driving unit,
A motor driver for driving the BLDC motor;
A BLDC motor driven under the control of the motor driver;
And a cylinder connected to the BLDC motor to pivot the solar panel.
The method of claim 8,
The motor driver rotates the BLDC motor in the forward or reverse direction or stops the rotation, adjusts the rotation speed of the BLDC motor according to the information received from the operation panel, and adjusts the rotational position of the BLDC motor through a hall sensor. It receives feedback and transmits to the MCU of the operation panel as a pulse signal, and when the BLDC motor is abnormal, it transmits an abnormality to the operation panel to generate an alarm and sends a stop signal to the BLDC motor, 2-axis solar tracking system.
The method of claim 8,
The BLDC motor is driven by receiving a voltage signal from the motor driver, the BLDC motor rotates once per 18 pulses, and the gear ratio of the reduction gear connected to the BLDC motor is 12.5: 1, so that the BLDC motor has 12.5 reduction gears per revolution. A two-axis solar tracking system, characterized in that rotating.
The method of claim 10,
And the cylinder moves at 1.7-2.3 mm / s in one revolution of the reduction gear.
The method of claim 7, wherein
Wherein the angular range of the solar panel is controlled from 25 degrees to 155 degrees and the elevation angle is controlled from 10 degrees to 90 degrees.

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