KR20110059992A - Biling system for electric vehicles and its using method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A billing system and a billing method of an electric car are provided to purchase electric energy by integrating information on cars, billing and a user and guiding the purchase of the electricity. CONSTITUTION: A billing data center(250) integrates and manages information on cars, billing and a user. A car information managing part manages a car identification number and a current collect identifying number within the car. An energy managing part monitors an energy state of the car and displays the energy state to the user. A payment processing part(230) communicates with the billing data center and processes an energy purchase procedure. A car control part(240) controls a driving state of the current collector according to a control signal of the billing data center.

Description

Billing system for Electric Vehicles and Its using method

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a system and a charging method for charging a charge for electric energy required for driving a vehicle in electric vehicles including on-line electric vehicles.

Recently, due to problems of global environmental warming and resource depletion, renewable energy and industries using the same have been spotlighted as green industries. For example, research on LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), solar cells, wind power generation, etc. is unprecedentedly active, especially in relation to the depletion of petroleum energy and pollution of the air environment. The reality is that the research on) is progressing rapidly.

Such a charging method of an electric vehicle can be classified into stop, non-stop, contact, and contact-less.

i) Static charging is a method of charging electricity or replacing a fuel cell using a charging facility after a vehicle stops, such as a battery powered electric vehicle or a fuel cell powered electric vehicle. It is a way to charge while driving, that is, without stopping.

iii) Contact charging is a method of supplying power by connecting a plug-in cord with a charging line between the vehicle and charging equipment. iv) Contactless charging is a method of charging electricity without contact between the vehicle and the charging equipment without direct connection line. .

Therefore, the charging technology for the electric energy should be different according to the charging type of the vehicle. The charging technology for the stationary vehicle and the contact vehicle is already commercially used, while the charging for the non-stop vehicle or the non-contact vehicle is charged. The system is not yet developed.

In the case of the stationary electric vehicle, a payment method is used to charge or replace the required energy and stop at a place where a charging facility is installed or a battery exchange station for electric energy supply or charging.

On the contrary, in the case of an electric vehicle to which a non-stop charging technology is applied, it is not necessary to stop or stop the power supply or charging, and the power supply or the charging may be performed while driving. In other words, the electric vehicle of non-stop charging type can be powered while driving, so if the amount of remaining energy or remaining amount is insufficient, electric energy can be purchased while driving in the vehicle, but there is no system to support such purchase. It is a reality.

Therefore, i) a non-stop electric vehicle requires a billing system and a billing method that allows users to purchase and use electric energy regardless of location and time. ii) There is also a need for a billing system and billing method that can monitor billing information of users so as to prevent users who do not pay on the part of energy from illegally using non-stop electric vehicles.

The present invention provides a non-stop electric vehicle (Eletric Vehicles), the user of the electric vehicle to provide a function to monitor the remaining energy state of the electric vehicle based on this to enable the purchase of electric energy during the operation of the vehicle The purpose is to provide a billing system and a billing method.

In addition, the present invention, in terms of the supplier of electric energy, the driving state of the current collector of the electric vehicle while monitoring the billing information of the user so as to prevent the user who does not pay the illegal use of the non-stop charging type electric vehicle It is another object to provide a billing system and a billing method that can control the.

The technical objects to be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned technical problems, and other technical subjects which are not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the present invention .

In order to solve the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a charging system for an electric vehicle (Eletric Vehicles) of the non-stop charging method, billing data center for the integrated management of vehicle information, billing information and user information; A vehicle information management unit receiving information on the remaining amount, remaining power amount, and SOC (State Of Charge) of the battery from the charging data center, and managing a vehicle identification number (ID) and an in-vehicle current collector identification number (ID); An energy management unit which receives information on the remaining amount, remaining power amount, and battery state of charge (SOC) from the vehicle information management unit to monitor and display the energy state of the vehicle to the user; A payment processor configured to process a purchase process of energy by communicating with the billing data center when a user determines a payment process for energy purchase; And a vehicle control unit controlling a driving state of the current collector of the vehicle according to the control signal of the charging data center.

In the present invention, the energy management unit includes a charging system for an electric vehicle, characterized in that to display the information on the power supply or output power of the current collector of the vehicle to the user.

In the present invention, the energy management unit compares the initial value of the remaining amount received from the vehicle information management unit with the amount of energy consumed during the driving period of the vehicle to calculate the real time remaining amount, and displays the real time remaining amount to the user . The charging system of the electric vehicle, characterized in that for transmitting to the charging data center.

In the present invention, the energy management unit compares the required amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination of the vehicle supplied by the user and the remaining amount of money, and if the remaining amount is insufficient to inform the necessity of additional energy purchase and payment progress Charging system for an electric vehicle, characterized by displaying a message to a user.

In the present invention, the energy management unit compares the required amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination of the vehicle supplied by the user and the remaining amount of money, even if the remaining amount is insufficient, the user does not decide to proceed with payment regarding additional energy purchase. Otherwise, the charging system of the electric vehicle, characterized by transmitting such information to the charging data center.

The present invention measures the amount of power supplied to the current collector in the vehicle in real time and the power supply measuring unit for transmitting to the energy management unit and the amount of power output from the in-vehicle load device in real time to measure the power consumption measuring unit for transmission to the energy management unit It includes a charging system of the electric vehicle, characterized in that it further comprises a metering device having.

In the present invention, when the vehicle control unit compares the required amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination of the vehicle supplied by the user and the remaining amount of money, even if the remaining amount is insufficient, the user does not decide to proceed with the payment for additional energy purchase. The charging system of claim 1, wherein the charging data center includes a charging system for an electric vehicle, wherein the driving state of the current collector is set to an inactive state.

In the present invention, the payment processing unit includes a charging system for an electric vehicle, comprising a credit card terminal device, a debit card terminal device, a mobile phone terminal device.

In the present invention, the payment processing unit includes a charging system for an electric vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a voice recognition device that can determine whether the payment proceeds by the voice recognition of the user.

In the present invention, the electric vehicle includes an electric vehicle charging system, characterized in that the on-line electric vehicles (On-Line Electric Vehicles).

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charging method of an electric vehicle of a non-stop charging method, comprising: a first step of a user inputting a destination and starting a vehicle; A second step of detecting a residual amount of electricity and a residual amount of power of the started vehicle; A third step of comparing the required amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination and the remaining amount of money; A fourth step in which the energy management unit asks the user whether to proceed with payment for energy purchase, when the remaining amount is insufficient compared to the required amount; A fifth step in which a user decides to purchase energy and is processed for payment; And a sixth step of activating a current collector driving state by a controller of the vehicle after the payment processing. It provides a charging method of the electric vehicle comprising a.

In the present invention, the fifth step and the sixth step, the electric vehicle, characterized in that the seventh step of deactivating the current collector driving state by transmitting a signal to the vehicle control unit in the charging data center, if the user does not decide to purchase energy Includes billing methods.

The present invention includes a charging method for an electric vehicle, wherein the second to seventh steps are repeatedly performed in real time while the vehicle is driving.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charging method of an electric vehicle of a non-stop charging method, comprising: an eighth step in which a user inputs a destination and a vehicle is started; A ninth step of detecting a residual amount of electricity and a residual amount of power of the started vehicle; A tenth step of comparing the required amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination and the remaining amount of money; And activating a driving state of the current collector by sending a signal to the vehicle control unit from the energy management unit when the remaining amount is sufficient compared to the required amount.

The present invention includes a charging method for an electric vehicle, wherein the eighth to tenth steps are repeatedly performed in real time while the vehicle is driving.

According to the present invention, in a non-stop electric vehicle (Eletric Vehicles), the user of the electric vehicle provides a function to monitor the remaining amount of the electric vehicle, the remaining power amount and the state of charge (SOC) of the battery and Based on this, there is an effect of providing a billing system and a billing method to enable the purchase of electrical energy while driving the vehicle by inducing electrical energy purchase.

In addition, according to the present invention, the supplier of electric energy monitors the user's billing information and monitors the driving state of the current collector of the electric vehicle so that a user who does not pay a fee can prevent illegally using an electric vehicle of a non-stop charging method. It is effective to provide a charging system and a charging method that can be controlled.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms or words used in the specification and claims should not be construed as having a conventional or dictionary meaning, and the inventors should properly explain the concept of terms in order to best explain their own invention. Based on the principle that can be defined, it should be interpreted as meaning and concept corresponding to the technical idea of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments described in the specification and the drawings shown in the drawings are only one of the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical idea of the present invention, various modifications that can be replaced at the time of the present application It should be understood that there may be equivalents and variations.

1 is an exemplary view showing an electric vehicle driving on a power supply road according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, an electric vehicle 110 having a non-stop charging method includes a power supply device 130 for supplying electricity in real time and a power supply device 130 to supply electric energy to a load device of a vehicle such as a motor or an air conditioner. The current collector 120 collects electricity in real time. In the present invention, the current collector 120 is mounted in the vehicle and the current collector is made from the power supply device when the active state (active), the current collector is not made when the inactive state (inactive).

Accordingly, in the case of the non-stop electric vehicle 110, the current collector 120 collects electricity from the power supply device 130 in an active state at all times, so that the vehicle operates the vehicle without paying an energy use fee on the energy supplier side. The need arises to prevent this. To this end, the driving state of the current collector must be controlled based on the charging information of the vehicle, which will be described later.

2 is a block diagram of a charging system of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The electric vehicle charging system of the non-stop charging method according to the present invention includes a vehicle information management unit 210, an energy management unit 220, a payment processing unit 230, a charging data center 250, and a vehicle control unit 240. . It may also include a metering device (not shown) connected to the energy management unit 220.

In the present invention, the electric vehicle may include on-line electric vehicles.

The billing data center 250 performs a function of integrated management of vehicle information, billing information and user information. That is, the billing data center 250 stores information on a vehicle identification number (ID), a current collector identification number (ID), a residual amount, a residual power amount, a battery SOC, a user name, a social security number, an address, and a credit status on a server. In addition, the information may be transmitted or received with the vehicle information manager 210, the energy manager 220, the payment processor 230, and the vehicle controller 240 by wire or wirelessly.

The vehicle information management unit 210 receives information on the remaining amount of money, the amount of power remaining and the SOC (State Of Charge) of the battery from the charging data center 250, the vehicle identification number (ID), the current collector identification number in the vehicle ( It manages ID).

That is, the vehicle information management unit 210 stores and manages the vehicle ID and the current collector ID. When the user starts driving the vehicle, the vehicle information management unit 210 transmits it to the charging data center 250 and the charging state of the vehicle in the charging data center 250. After confirming the remaining amount, the remaining power, the battery SOC, unit power price (standard price) and the like transmitted to the vehicle information management unit 210, the vehicle information management unit 210 transmits the received remaining amount and the like to the energy management unit 220 Done.

The energy management unit 220 receives information on the remaining amount, remaining power amount, and battery state of charge (SOC) from the vehicle information management unit 210 to monitor and display the energy state of the vehicle to the user.

That is, the energy management unit 220 may provide the information to the user while monitoring the energy state of the vehicle, and may serve to allow the user to recognize the remaining amount of money and the remaining energy state of the vehicle. The energy status monitoring content includes information received from the vehicle information management unit 210 (remaining amount, remaining power, battery SOC, reference price) and supply power or output power of the current collector.

In addition, the energy management unit 220 continuously monitors the remaining amount of the monitoring information by communication to the billing data center 250 to monitor the state of the vehicle in the billing data center 250. The energy management unit 220 informs the user of the necessity of additional energy purchase and transmits a message through a monitor when the remaining amount or the remaining power amount is less than the reference value, and checks whether or not the payment is in progress. The payment signal may be sent to the payment processor 230 when the payment progress is determined.

The payment processor 230 may perform a role of processing a purchase process of energy by communicating with the billing data center 250 when the user determines a payment process for energy purchase through the energy manager 220.

In addition, the payment processing unit 230 may include a credit card terminal device, a debit card terminal device, a mobile phone terminal device, by communicating with the billing data center 250 through a variety of methods to perform payment processing for energy purchases. have. In the present invention, the payment processing unit 230 may include a voice recognition device that can determine whether to proceed with payment by the voice recognition of the user. It is desirable to make payment processing for energy purchase through the voice recognition device for the safety of the operator.

The payment operation of the payment processing unit 230 transmits and receives necessary information through communication with the billing data center 250, the main update information is the remaining amount of the user, and the updated remaining amount is transmitted to the energy management unit 220 so that the state of the related energy is All can be updated and displayed on the monitoring screen.

If the settlement proceeding decision is not made even though the remaining amount or the remaining power is insufficient, the payment processing unit 230 transmits the information about this to the billing data center 250, and the billing data center 250 illegally operates the vehicle. In order to prevent use, the driving control signal of the current collector may be sent to the vehicle controller 240.

The vehicle controller 240 may control the driving state of the current collector of the vehicle according to the control signal of the charging data center 250.

In other words, the amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination of the vehicle supplied by the user is compared with the remaining amount, and when the remaining amount is insufficient, the user does not decide to proceed with the payment for additional energy purchase or the remaining amount is “ In the case where the vehicle is to be operated despite being in the state of 0 ”, the payment processing unit 230 may transmit information about the information to the charging data center 250, and the charging data center 250 may stop the operation of the vehicle. You can decide whether or not.

When the charging data center 250 sends a stop signal, the vehicle controller 240 may stop the driving of the vehicle by setting the driving state of the current collector to an inactive state by receiving the stop signal.

Figure 3 is an exemplary view showing a screen displayed by the energy management unit to the user according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In order to solve the charging problem of non-stop electric vehicles, the user of the vehicle is required to support a payment system that can make payments directly inside the vehicle, and the function of monitoring the purchase amount of electric energy and the status of remaining energy in the vehicle is supported. Should be.

In the present invention, the energy management unit may provide the information to the user while monitoring the energy state of the vehicle, and may serve to allow the user to recognize the remaining amount 310 and the remaining energy state of the vehicle.

The monitoring information includes the remaining amount 310, the remaining power amount 320, the battery SOC 330, the reference price, and the driving distance 340 at the remaining amount 310, and the supply or output power of the current collector. do. The driving distance 340 may provide a user's convenience by providing the driving distance 340 according to the speed of the vehicle.

The energy manager compares the initial value of the remaining amount 310 received from the vehicle information management unit with the amount of energy consumed during the driving period of the vehicle to calculate the real time remaining amount 310, and calculates the real time remaining amount 310. Display to the user. Can be transferred to the billing data center.

In addition, the energy management unit compares the required amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination of the vehicle supplied by the user and the remaining amount 310, and if the remaining amount 310 is insufficient, a message indicating the necessity of additional energy purchase and payment If the user can display a message about progress, and the user has not made a decision to proceed with the purchase of additional energy despite such a message, this information is sent to the billing data center for illegal operation of the user. The stop signal can be issued.

The display method of the remaining energy state displayed by the energy management unit requires a HMI (Human Machine Interface) capable of indicating a value between Empty and Full, such as an oil gauge of a conventional gasoline flowmeter.

In order to meet such requirements, a metering system that can measure the amount of power is required, and the metering system not only measures the power generated from the current collector of the vehicle, but also uses each load device of the vehicle. The ability to measure the amount of power in real time and notify the user is required.

Therefore, in order to display the remaining power amount 320 and the battery SOC 330 and the like of the energy management unit to the user, i) supply power for measuring in real time the amount of power supplied to the current collector in the vehicle and transmitting it to the energy management unit. And a metering device including both a measuring unit and a power consumption measuring unit for measuring in real time the amount of power output from each load device in the vehicle and transmitting the measured amount to the energy management unit. Such a metering device may transmit information on power supply and power consumption to the energy management unit, and may eventually recognize energy information to the user.

In the metering device, since the input power of the current collector is the power supplied to the load device, the amount of energy consumed by the vehicle can be known by detecting the power supply of the current collector. The initial value of the residual amount 310 is a value received from the vehicle information management unit, and the calculation of the real-time residual amount 310 during the vehicle driving period is calculated by subtracting the energy consumption amount from the initial value. The energy expenditure amount may be a value obtained by multiplying the amount of energy consumed by the unit power price (standard price).

In sum, the energy management unit informs the user of the current remaining amount 310, the remaining power amount 320 based on the remaining amount 310, the SOC 330 of the battery, and the like in real time so that the user can determine the energy of the vehicle. It plays a role in making the state aware.

Figure 4 is a flow chart schematically showing the order of the charging method of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a flowchart of a charging method of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, a user enters a destination and goes through a step s501 of starting a vehicle. When the vehicle is started, the remaining amount and the remaining power amount are detected (S502), which is transmitted to the energy management unit by the vehicle information manager, which receives information on the remaining amount, remaining amount of power, etc. from the billing data center, and displays them to the user.

Thereafter, the required amount of money from the starting point to the destination of the vehicle entered by the user is compared with the remaining amount. However, the required amount may be calculated by multiplying the energy consumption amount by the distance Km from the starting point to the destination.

After that, if the remaining amount is sufficient compared to the required amount, the energy management unit sends a signal to the vehicle control unit to activate the driving state of the current collector (S506), so that the vehicle can be driven. On the contrary, if the remaining amount is insufficient compared to the required amount, the energy management unit goes through a step (s504) of asking the user whether or not to proceed with the payment for purchasing the energy. It can be perceived.

After that, the steps vary depending on whether the payment is processed.

i) When the user decides to purchase energy, the user goes through the payment processing step (s505). When the user clicks the payment for a message asking whether to proceed with payment in the in-vehicle monitor, the payment processing step (s505) is performed. . Payment processing between the energy management unit and the billing data center may be processed in various ways through a credit card terminal, a debit card terminal, a mobile phone terminal, and the like.

Subsequently, when the control unit of the vehicle passes through the step (s506) of activating the current collector driving state after the payment processing step (s505), the vehicle can be driven. That is, when the payment processing is completed by communication between the energy management unit and the charging data center in response to the user's payment request, the charging data center transmits information on the remaining amount to the vehicle information management unit, and also activates the current collector in the vehicle control unit. It can be said that the driving of the vehicle becomes possible.

ii) If the user does not decide to purchase energy, the energy management department transmits the information to the billing data center and determines whether the vehicle is stopped at the billing data center. Transmitting the current collector device is inactivated. (S507)

The method for allowing driving or stopping of the vehicle according to the remaining amount and payment processing may be repeatedly performed in steps S501 to S507 in real time while the vehicle is running.

The present invention has been described above in connection with specific embodiments of the present invention, but this is only an example and the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can change or modify the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and within the equivalent scope of the technical spirit of the present invention and the claims to be described below. Various modifications and variations are possible.

1 is an exemplary view showing an electric vehicle traveling on a power supply road according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a block diagram of a charging system of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is an exemplary view showing a screen displayed by the energy management unit to the user according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a flow chart schematically showing the order of the charging method of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a flow chart of the charging method of the electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

{Description of major symbols in the drawing}

110: electric vehicle

120: current collector

130: feeder

140: active line

210: vehicle information management

220: Energy Management Department

230: payment processing unit

240: vehicle control unit

250: billing data center

310: remaining amount

320: power amount

330: Battery state of charge

340: driving range

Claims (15)

In the charging system of non-stop charging eletric vehicles, A billing data center for integrated management of vehicle information, billing information, and user information; A vehicle information management unit receiving information on the remaining amount, remaining power amount, and SOC (State Of Charge) of the battery from the charging data center, and managing a vehicle identification number (ID) and an in-vehicle current collector identification number (ID); An energy management unit for receiving information on the remaining amount, remaining power amount, and battery state of charge (SOC) from the vehicle information management unit to monitor and display the energy state of the vehicle to the user; A payment processor configured to process a purchase process of energy by communicating with the billing data center when a user determines a payment process for energy purchase; And A vehicle control unit controlling a driving state of a current collector of a vehicle according to a control signal of the charging data center; Charging system of an electric vehicle comprising a. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy management unit, The charging system of an electric vehicle, characterized in that for displaying information on the power supply or output power of the current collector of the vehicle to the user. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy management unit, Comparing the initial value of the remaining amount received from the vehicle information management unit with the amount of energy consumed during the driving period of the vehicle to calculate the real-time residual amount, and displays the real-time residual amount to the user. Charging system of an electric vehicle, characterized in that for transmitting to the charging data center. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy management unit, Compare the remaining amount with the required amount from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination of the vehicle supplied by the user, and displays a message informing the user of the necessity of additional energy purchase and a message regarding the payment progress if the remaining amount is insufficient. Charging system for electric vehicles. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy management unit, The amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination of the vehicle supplied by the user is compared with the remaining amount. If the user does not decide to proceed with the additional purchase of energy even if the remaining amount is insufficient, the information is charged. Charging system for an electric vehicle, characterized by transmitting to a data center. The method of claim 1, A supply power measurement unit for measuring the amount of power supplied to the current collector in the vehicle in real time and transmitting the measured amount to the energy management unit; And A power consumption measuring unit measuring the amount of power output from the in-vehicle load device in real time and transmitting the measured power to the energy management unit; Charging system for an electric vehicle, characterized in that it further comprises a metering device having a. According to claim 1, wherein the vehicle control unit The billing data center when comparing the amount of money required from the start point of the vehicle to the destination of the vehicle supplied by the user and the remaining amount, when the user does not decide to proceed with the additional purchase of energy even when the remaining amount is insufficient. Charging system of the electric vehicle, characterized in that for setting the driving state of the current collector to an inactive state. The method of claim 1, wherein the payment processing unit, A charging system for an electric vehicle, comprising a credit card terminal device, a debit card terminal device, and a mobile phone terminal device. The method of claim 1, wherein the payment processing unit, Charging system of an electric vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a voice recognition device that can determine whether the payment proceeds by the user's voice recognition. The method of claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle, The charging system of an electric vehicle, characterized in that the on-line electric vehicles (On-Line Electric Vehicles). In the charging method of non-stop electric vehicles (Eletric Vehicles), A first step in which a user inputs a destination and the vehicle is started; A second step of detecting a residual amount of electricity and a residual amount of power of the started vehicle; A third step of comparing the required amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination and the remaining amount of money; A fourth step in which the energy management unit asks the user whether to proceed with payment for energy purchase, when the remaining amount is insufficient compared to the required amount; A fifth step in which a user decides to purchase energy and is processed for payment; And A sixth step of activating a current collector driving state by a controller of the vehicle after the payment processing; Charging method of an electric vehicle comprising a. The method of claim 11, wherein the fifth and sixth steps, And a seventh step of deactivating the current collector driving state by transmitting a signal to the vehicle controller from the charging data center if the user does not decide to purchase energy. The method of claim 11 or 12, The charging method of the electric vehicle, characterized in that to repeat the second to seventh step in real time while driving the vehicle. In the charging method of a non-stop charging type electric vehicle (Eletric Vehicle), An eighth step in which the user inputs a destination and the vehicle is started; A ninth step of detecting a residual amount of electricity and a residual amount of power of the started vehicle; A tenth step of comparing the required amount of money from the starting point of the vehicle to the destination and the remaining amount of money; And Activating the driving state of the current collector by sending a signal to the vehicle control unit from the energy management unit when the remaining amount is sufficient for the required amount; Charging method of an electric vehicle comprising a. 15. The method of claim 14, The charging method of an electric vehicle, characterized in that the eighth to tenth step is repeatedly performed in real time while the vehicle is driving.

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